Forests and Climate Change Mitigation · Forests and Climate Change Mitigation The Role of Markets...
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Forests and Climate Change Mitigation
The Role of Markets
F e b r u a r y 1 0 , 2 0 2 0
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Climate change benefits of forests
Forest carbon sinkSequestering Atmospheric CO2in tree biomass and soils
Forest product benefits
1) Long-term storage of tree carbon in buildings
2) Renewable feedstocks for energy generation
Joint benefits
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Forest Carbon Sink
Forests capture atmospheric carbon through photosynthesis…
Forests emit carbon through respiration, decay, wildfire…
In U.S. forests, capture has exceeded emissions for several decades…
Forest C is a growing asset…net expansion of 0.5% per year from 1990 to 2017
Forest C inventories currently store about 52 years of US greenhouse gas emissions at 2017 levels…
Total emissions (2017): 6457 MMT CO2 eq; Total forest C stock (2016) : 91262 Tg C= 334950 MMT CO2 eq Sources: US EPA
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Report (2018)
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Forest Carbon Trends
Source: Woodall, Christopher W. et al. 2015. The U.S. forest carbon accounting framework: stocks and stock change, 1990-2016. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-154. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 49 p. https://doi.org/10.2737/NRS-GTR-154.
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Annual carbon sequestration by US forests
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Forest carbon dynamics by region and US
Growth Fire Cutting net sequestration
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Regional differences in ownership and structure
Source: US Forest Service, FIA national forest inventory.
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Carbon storage in harvested wood products
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1990 2000 2010 2020
Tg C
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year
Change in carbon storage in harvested wood products and land fills
harvested wood products carbon
Sources: Methods in Skog (2008), estimates from EPA National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Reports, 2011, 2019
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Timber harvest levels in the US
• Production peaked in the 1990s• Now about 25% below the peak• Timber supplies have continued
to expand
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U.S. harvested forest products, by region (1952-2016)
Rockies Pacific North South U.S. Total
Source: US Forest Service, RPA: Oswalt, S.N. et al. 2019. Forest Resources of the United States, 2017 Gen. Tech. Rep. WO-97. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Washington Office. 223 p. https://doi.org/10.2737/WO-GTR-97 (and earlier reports)
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Forest Bioenergy: A strong potential for climate change mitigation
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-40
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2020
2027
2034
2041
2048
2055
2062
2069
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2090
2097
2104
2111
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Net emission reductions from switch to bioenergy
Net emission reductions --30 year regrowth
• Wood bioenergy now driven by European markets—pellet exports from US South to EU/UK
• Switching from coal to wood bioenergy in the USsubstantial reductions in carbon emissions
• Plus incentives to expand the forest carbon sink
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Forest condition and use trends in the US South
biomass timberland harvests planted forest
Case study: forestry in the southeastern US
Sources: Wear and Gries. Southern Forest Futures Project and Oswalt, S.N. et al. 2019. Forest Resources of the United States, 2017 Gen. Tech. Rep. WO-97. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Washington Office. 223 p. https://doi.org/10.2737/WO-GTR-97
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Forest products markets build the forest carbon sink
Incentives to retain and add forests
Incentives to expand productivity
Revenues for forest fuel reductions
Carbon storage and emission offsets
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Growing climate change benefits of forests
Expand forest area and enhance growth
Increase the utilization of wood in building and energy
Protect forest assets by reducing wildfire emissions
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