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Forest Management Plan Serapium Forest Plantation, Ismailia (Egypt) 2012

GCP/RAB/013/ITA

1. Results of the Forest Inventory Assessment in September 2012

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Location

Serapium Forest Plantation, Ismailia

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Impressions

Serapium Forest Plantation, Ismailia

TRAINING OF EGYPTIAN FORESTRY EXPERTS

FOREST INVENTORY OF THE SERAPIUM FOREST PLANTATION

1 2 WORKSHOPS: SOCIO-ECONOMIC BACKGROUND & CURRENT MANAGEMENT

3

Integrated Forest Inventory Training September 2012

Undersecretariat for Afforestation

2

Antoniades Botanical Garden,

Alexandria

1

University of Alexandria

1

Desert Research Center, Cairo

1

Horticulture Research

Institute, Giza

2

FAO

2

Purpose of the Forest Management Plan

Framework of the FMP 2013-2023

Plantation objectives

Forest Management Plan

Tools:

- Forest Inventory

- Stakeholder Assessment

- Products and markets

-Threats analysis

Silvicultural Planning &Management Recommendations

Future Forest Status

?

Management Objectives of the Serapium forest

Framework of the FMP 2013-2023

Very important

Important

Additional values

(preferable)

Ecologic

-Use of Waste Water

-Desertification mitigation

-CO2 fixation

-Biodiversity

-Soil improvement

Social

-Job creation and income

-Research and capacity building

-Rural development,

-Education and recreation for citizens

Economic

-Sale of wood products

-Sale of Non Wood Forest Products (NWFP) -CO2 Certificates

Sustainability

Current management

Status quo of Serapium forest plantation

• General good maintenance

• Well organized road system

• Forest tools need improvement

FAO Infrastructure & Equipment FAO Staff & Labour

Specialization Number of workers

Forest worker 10

Irrigation technician 7

Nursery technician 1

Electrician 1

Mechanic 1

Driver 3

Safety guard 16

Total 39

• No precise productiontargets

• Long decision making processes

• Limited authorization of the plantation management for silvicultural operations

FAO Interinstitutional Management Local population

•Browsing of livestock in the plantation

•Free feeding for animals vs. Damage to trees

•Health risk due to heavy metals

Current management


FAO Silviculture

• Silvicultural skills and techniques must improve:

• Quality selection of seedlings

• Timing for tending, thinning and harvesting

• Pruning and cutting

FAO Pumps & Irrigation system

• 5 of 7 pumps are broken

• Quantity of water provided to the trees is unknown ??

• High heavy metal concentrations in TWW and plants (Ghorab et al. 2011)

Products & Markets


FAO Current products for the local market

• Products: Low quality timber (>5cm DBH), Higher quality timber (>11-15cm DBH), Stakes and poles

• Prices: 80 – 300 E£/t

• Missing market experience: Khaya, Dalbergia

• Potential end uses: fuel wood (charcoal), furniture, construction, ...

Consequences of unsolved problems

• Loss of forest area • Reduction of productivity • Reduction of wood quality • Intoxication of livestock due to heavy metals

Spatial analysis

Forest Inventory

Area ha Feddan

Forest Area 128.5 305.8

Non-Forest Area 28.4 67.5

Plantation Area 156.8 373.3

TWW Facilities 84.3 200.6

Total 241.1 573.9

Spatial analysis

Forest Inventory

Species

Area (ha)

Species

Area,

feddan

% of Forest

Area

Tot.

volume

(m3)

25 60 19% 177021 49 16% 1379

18 44 14% 359

16 39 13% 2735 11 4% 245

4 9 3% 138

4 8 3% 135

3 6 2% 80

1 2 1% 0

1 1 0% 0

TOTAL Tree Species 96 229 75% 4380

19 46 10%

13 31 15%

128 306 100%

Species and year of planting

Harpullia 2007

Khaya grandifoliola 2010

Total non Tree Species

Forest Area

Khaya senegalensis

Cupressus sempervirens

Eucalyptus citriodora

Eucalyptus camaldulensisPinus halepensis

Casuarina equisetifolia

Terminalia arjuna

Dalbergia sissoo 2007

Uncultivated Parcels

Results: Tree dendrometric parameters

Forest Inventory

Results: Tree growth

Forest Inventory

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

Medium volume increment (m3/ha/year)Medium annual increment (m3/ha/year)

Results: Tree quality & health

Forest Inventory

Casuarina equisetifolia

Casuarina equisetifolia: Successful, drought resistant

Cupressus sempervirens: Unsuccesful, weak and stressed

Planting year Age

(years) Mean vitality

Mean trees quality

Mean social class

Mean stem form Mean damage degree Mode of

damage type

01/3/2002 10.5 Moderate

health Satisfactory Co-dominant Slightly crooked Undamaged/healthy Abiotic

01/3/2006 6.5 Healthy Low Intermediate Slightly crooked Undamaged/healthy Biotic

Planting year Age


Mean trees quality

Mean social class

Mean stem form Mean damage

degree Mode of

damage type

01/3/2002 10.5 Moderate health Satisfactory Intermediate Slightly crooked Slightly affected Anthropogenic

Eucalyptus camaldulensis: good growth, browsing, pest

Planting year Age


Mean trees quality

Mean social class

Mean stem form Mean damage degree Mode of

damage type

01/3/2004 8.5 Healthy Low Intermediate Slightly crooked Slightly affected Biotic

01/3/2006 6.5 Healthy Low Intermediate Slightly crooked Undamaged/healthy Anthropogenic

01/3/2008 4.5 Moderate health Low Intermediate Slightly crooked Undamaged/healthy Anthropogenic

01/3/2011 1.5 Moderate health Satisfactory Intermediate Slightly crooked Undamaged/healthy Abiotic

Results: Tree quality & health

Forest Inventory

Eucalyptus citriodora: successful, good growth no problems with browsing or pests

Planting year

Age (years)

Mean vitality Mean trees

quality Mean social

class Mean stem form Mean damage degree

Mode of damage type

01/3/2007 5.5 Healthy Satisfactory Intermediate Slightly crooked Undamaged/healthy -

01/3/2008 4.5 Healthy Satisfactory Intermediate Straight Undamaged/healthy Anthropogenic

01/3/2010 2.5 Healthy Low Intermediate Slightly crooked Undamaged/healthy -

Khaya senegalensis: good increment, bad quality, browsing

Planting year Age


Mean trees

quality

Mean social class

Mean stem form Mean damage

degree Mode of damage

type

01/3/2002 12 Moderate

health Low Intermediate Slightly crooked Slightly affected Biotic

01/3/2004 8 Moderate

health Low Intermediate Slightly crooked Slightly affected Anthropogenic

01/3/2007 7 Moderate

health Low Intermediate Slightly crooked Slightly affected Biotic

Results: Assessment of the young stands

Forest Inventory

Healthy

20%

Moderate health 38%

Unhealthy 23%

Dead 19%

Eucalyptus camaldulensis

Galls vesps 19%

Leaf miner 16%

Browsing 71%

Vitality

Causes of damages

• 59% of the seedlings are damaged

• The damage degree

65% high degree of damage

32% show medium damages

3% show a low degree of damage



GCP/RAB/013/ITA

1. Results of the Forest Inventory Assessment in September 2012

END PART 1



GCP/RAB/013/ITA

2. Recommendations for Serapium Forest Plantation

Objectives

Forest Management plan

production target

Ecologic

Social

Production target


production target

Production targets:

Increase wood production and improve wood quality

Constraints

- Extreme climatic conditions

- Problems with the irrigation system

- General low quality of the trees

- Unknown market conditions

- Inventory results

- Extreme climatic conditions

Use of the successful species

- Draught tolerant

- Good growth rate

Planned tree species composition


Eucalyptus citriodora

Actual area %

Percentage referred to the forest area (128.5) Future area %

35 14

Casuarina equisetifolia 32 3

Eucalyptus camaldulensis

Khaya senegalensis

13

12

13

19

Experimental area

Non tree species area

6

2

Rotation length & annual yield for silvicultural susatinability


FAO

Silvicultural Sustainability at Serapium Forest:

• Medium rotation length: 10-15 years

• Regular annual yield: 9 ha

Sustainable forest management is the process of managing forests to achieve clearly specified objectives with regard to the production of a continuous flow of desired forest products and services, without undue reduction of its inherent values and future productivity and without undue undesirable effects on the physical and social environment (ITTO, Criteria and Indicators for Sustainable Management of Natural Tropical Forests, 1998)

Improvement of wood quality: Silvicultural production schema

Forest Inventory

1. Planting and replanting

– Selection of species and provenience

2. Tending and pruning

– Depending on the species target

3. First thinning operation and

second pruning


4. Second thinning operation


Harvesting at end of rotation length

Market analysis for economic sustainability

Socioeconomic Recommendations

Market demands?

Production targets

Products

•Current & future wood products

•Quantity & Quality of wood products

•Prices for products

•Allocation of resources & necessary silvicultural treatment to satisfy market demands?

Solving conflicts with local population for social sustainability


Hard strategy – high costs

•Fencing of the total plantation area

Soft strategy – low costs

•Negotiation with local settlers

Browsing

Responsibilities to facilitate flexible forest management


Plantation Management

•Authorization to execute the planned activities

MALR (Governing body)

•General objectives for the plantations irrigated with TWW

•Establishment of monitoring & control mechanisms

UAE (Executive body)

•Realistic production targets to reach overall objectives

•Regular planning, reporting and justification

Research Institutions (Advisory Body)

•Support and advice on request

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Recommendations & future tasks

• Repair of irrigation system!

• Research on Heavy Metals

• Implementation of new decision making structures within the institutions

• Market strategies

• Implementaion of the Forest Management Plan

Urgent tasks



GCP/RAB/013/ITA

2. Recommendations for Serapium Forest Plantation

END PART 2



GCP/RAB/013/ITA

3. Future Opportunities for Forests irrigated with TWW

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• Improvement of the waste water treatment facilities for plantation forestry

• Use of sludge for fertilization

Water & irrigation management

• Knowledge exchange between institutions and plantations

• Establishment of a Serapium forest training center

• Future trainings on all levels:

• Silviculture

• Forest Management & Planning

• GIS

• Forest Inventory & Monitoring

Capacity building

• Inventories & Forest Managent Plans in all plantations in Egypt and Near East

Extension of Forest Management Activities

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Requirements of Plantations for CO2 fixation

Minimum 4-5ha. Additional to already planned or existing forest areas Tree species reaching at least 5 meters in situ. Monoculture parcels are prohibited. At least 2-3 species with good growth rates should be planted (e.g. Eucalyptus citriodora, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Casuarina equisetifolia). Rotation length must be minimum 10 to 20 years; Harvesting is allowed at the end of the contract period but the stored carbon should be fixed in wood products (e. g. furniture). Forest health must be guaranteed and dead individuals must be replanted in the first years.

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Rotation length

(years)

Optional size for

Afforestation areas (ha)

Potential revenues for

afforestation projects from the

carbon credit market

E£ (EGP,

Egyptian

pound)

US $

10 years 5 118683 19357

10 237410 38721

15 years 5 138469 22584

10 276976 45174

20 years 5 158273 25814

10 316547 51628

thank you!

FAO Forestry | www.fao.org/forestry

Forest Management Plan - Food and Agriculture Organization · Purpose of the Forest Management Plan...

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