Forensic sciences and miscarriages of justice
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Transcript of Forensic sciences and miscarriages of justice
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Chapters by: Centre Divide
FORENSIC SCIENCES AND MISCARRIAGES OF JUSTICE
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English A miscarriage of justice primarily is the conviction and punishment of a person for a crime they did not commit.
The term travesty of justice is sometimes used for a gross, deliberate miscarriage of justice.
Miscarriage of justice" is sometimes synonymous with wrongful conviction, referring to a conviction reached in an unfair or disputed trial.
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Spanish Un fallo involuntario de la justicia, es la
condena y el castigo de una persona por un crimen que no cometió.
El termino farsa de la justicia, se utiliza para un fallo involuntario, grave y deliberado de la justicia.
El fallo involuntario de la justicia es a veces sinónimo de “condena injusta”, en referencia a la convicción de llegar a un juicio injusto o en disputa.
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Causes of miscarriages of justice include:
Plea bargains that offer incentives for the innocent to plead guilty.
Confirmation bias on the part of investigators
Withholding or destruction of evidence by police or prosecution .
Fabrication of evidence or outright perjury by police or Biased editing of evidence.
Prejudice towards the class of people to which the defendant belongs
Poor identification by witnesses and/or victims
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Perjured evidence by supposed victim or their accomplices .
Conspiracy between court of appeal judges and prosecutors to uphold conviction of innocent.
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Causas en los errores de justicia Negocios de las personas que ofrecen
incentivos para que los inocentes se declaren culpables.
Confirmación de prejuicios por parte de los investigadores.
Retención o destrucción de pruebas por la policía o fiscalía.
Fabricación de pruebas o perjurio por la policía o la edición parcial de las pruebas.
Los prejuicios contra la clase de gente a la que pertenece el acusado.
Una mala identificación de testigos y / o de las víctimas
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Evidencia de perjurio (jurar en falso) por supuesta víctima o sus cómplices.
Conspiración entre los jueces del Tribunal de apelación y fiscales para mantener la
condena de inocentes.
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VocabularyMiscarriage :Error /falloPrimarily:
principalmenteConviction: condenaPunishment: castigoTravesty: farsaGross : graveDeliberate : deliverarBias: prejuicioWithholding:
denegaciónOutright : total/absoluto
Wrongful: ilegal / injustoReached: alcanseUnfair: injusto Disputed: discutido /
polemicoTrial: juicioPlea: declaraciónBargains: pacto
/negociaciónIncentives: incentivosPlead: defender a
alguienGuilty: culpable
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VocabularyPerjury: perjurio
(jurar en falso)Prejudice Towards:
prejuicios haciaBelongs: pertenecer
aPoor: pobreWitnesses: testigo/
testimoniocourt : corte /
tribunal
Appeal: apelación
Prosecutors: fiscal
Uphold: confirmar /respetar la ley
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Criminal Sciences
Crime science is the study of crime in order to find ways to prevent it. Three features distinguish crime science from criminology: it is single-minded about cutting crime, rather than studying it for its own sake; accordingly it focuses on crime rather than criminals; and it is multidisciplinary, notably recruiting scientific methodology rather than relying on social theory.
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Las ciencias penales, son el estudio del delito de la delincuencia con el fin de encontrar maneras de prevenirlo.
Tres características distinguen a la ciencias penales de la criminología:; es sobre la reducción del crimen, en lugar de estudiarla por sí misma, en consecuencia se enfoca en el crimen en vez de los criminales.
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CrimeCrime is the breach of rules or laws for
which some governing authority (via mechanisms such as legal systems) can ultimately prescribe a conviction. Individual human societies may each define crime and crimes differently, in different localities (state, local, international), at different time stages of the so-called "crime" (planning, disclosure, supposedly intended, supposedly prepared, incompleted, completed or futuristically proclaimed after the "crime").
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El crimen es la violación de las normas o las leyes para que alguna autoridad de gobierno (a través de los sistemas jurídicos) en última instancia, puede prescribir una condena.
Las sociedades humanas individuales pueden definir la delincuencia y los crímenes de otra manera, en diferentes localidades (estatales, locales, internacionales), en diferentes etapas de los llamados "delitos" (planificación, divulgación, supuestamente destinado, supuestamente preparados, incompletos, completado o proclamados "crimen").
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Forensic science
Refers to the study of crime scene evidence such as blood, bodily fluids, DNA and clothing fibers. Those pursuing a degree in forensic science can major in forensic biology, psychology, pathology or toxicology. Degree programs in forensic science prepare students for careers in investigations, court evidence and management-level positions in the field of criminal science.
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Se refiere al estudio de las pruebas la escena del crimen tales como sangre, fluidos corporales, el ADN y las fibras de la ropa.
Aquellos que se convencen de la ciencia forense pueden especializarse en la biología forense, psicología, patología o toxicología.
Programas de licenciatura en la ciencia forense preparar a los estudiantes para carreras en investigaciones, evidencias judiciales, y un nivel de manejo exacto en el campo de la ciencia penal.