1. 1. Duncan Carmichael AgriYork400 Ltd Sales Manager 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
2. 2. RFID in Forensics How does it work? Where can it be used in the forensic sector? What are the benefits? What is the future? 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
3. 3. RFID vs BAR CODE Is possible to attach a tag on many surfaces No line-of-sight requirements Can be reprogrammed in the field to reflect current information, i.e. sample status and location. Low Cost: 0.25 Now everything has a bar code Requires line-of-sight Only ID information Data is fixed at the moment the label is printed Cost free - relatively RFID BAR CODE Forensic Expo 201428/04/2014 Near Field Communications = Your Phone !!
4. 4. RFID vs BAR CODE Tags have read/write capability Real Time Location Unique ID (global standards) Tamperproof/Tamper Evident Ubiquitous Can be damaged easily/Unreadable Not unique RFID BAR CODE Forensic Expo 201428/04/2014 RFID has costs and benefits
5. 5. What is RFID? RFID = Radio Frequency Identification An RFID tag is an object that can be applied to or incorporated into a product, animal, or person for the purpose of identification using radiowaves. Some tags can be read from several meters away and beyond the line of sight of the reader. Forensic Expo 201428/04/2014 Wikipedia definition of RFID
6. 6. RFID Technology Basics RFID Tag RFID reader Illumination field Reader transmits an EM field through the antenna Tag receives energy from field Tag antenna converts energy to RF voltage and current Current powers silicon chip on tag Reader receives modulated signal converts to tag data Silicon chip together with antenna reflects modulated data back to reader 0101000111001 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
7. 7. Factors Affecting Performance RFID Tag RFID reader 0101000111001 Illumination field RF Frequency Output power of reader Quality of antenna on tag Interference Absorption Reflection Ruggedness of tag Range RF protocol Communication protocol Collision avoidance Speed of data Amount of data Cost Performance28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
8. 8. Components and types of RFID tag Antenna: for receiving and transmitting the signal Integrated Chip Plastic Inlay TYPES Passive: no battery, the electrical current induced in the antenna by the incoming radio frequency signal provides just enough power in the tag to power up and transmit a response Active: internal power source, which is used to power the integrated circuits and broadcast the signal to the reader Semipassive: similar to active tags in that they have their own power source, but the battery only powers the microchip and does not broadcast a signal. Forensic Expo 201428/04/2014 125/134 kHz 13,56 MHz 868/915 MHz >2,4 GHz international standard for RFID: Epc Gen2 Electronic Product Code Generation 2: From Wikipedia
9. 9. TAGS: Different Types Active RFID Tags. These tags are battery powered in order to transmit a signal to a reader, and are generally used for high-value goods that need to be tracked over long ranges. Passive RFID Tags. These tags are not battery powered, and instead draw power from electromagnetic waves given off by an RFID reader. The read range for passive tags is usually under three meters. HF Tags work at 13.56 MHz and are passive They have no built in power source 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014 Combine RFID tags with NFC capabilities in smartphones
10. 10. Radiowaves 13.56 MHz 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
11. 11. Communication in passive tags 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014 Reader transmits a wave signal The tags antenna receives the power This power is sufficient to read the data saved in the chip And transmit the data to the reader ID and Memory Reader to Tag, Tag to Reader
12. 12. Tag reader - phone app - software - database NTAG 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
13. 13. Components of a System RFID Tags RFID Reader Application Database 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014 NTAG
14. 14. Multiple formats and styles 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
15. 15. Xerafy XS Series Metal Tags which can be autoclaved 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
16. 16. 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
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18. 18. 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
19. 19. Tag has unique ID 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
20. 20. 14 Digit Hexadecimal UID Hex 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F Decimal 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 (0442edca0d2980)16 = (1.19948897139E+15)10 This Tag indentification is unique 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
21. 21. 100 Trillion? 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
22. 22. Follow a tag anywhere 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014 Yorkshire Manchester Hamburg Consett Yorkshire
23. 23. High Frequency tags Frequency: 13.56 MHz Reading distance: 0 to 1 meter Used in low cost mass markets Laundry Access control Library Logistics - warehousing Sensitive to metal Fast reading / writing rate ISO Standards 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
24. 24. Handheld reader 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
25. 25. 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014 Rugged but expensive ~ 1500 Dedicated to reading tags
26. 26. 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014 Low Cost Reader Attached to PC or Tablet
27. 27. 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014 Reads tag, enters data into database Functions as a keyboard device
28. 28. RFID chips in Credit Cards 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
29. 29. NFC Near Field Communication 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
30. 30. Near Field Communications 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
31. 31. NFC and your Smartphone 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
32. 32. NTAG is a phone app 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
33. 33. Phone user inputs information directly onto secure database 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
34. 34. 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
35. 35. NTAG - RFID asset tracking 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
36. 36. Phone User details.. 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
37. 37. Warehouse full of samples 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
38. 38. Sample warehousing, retrieval and tracking 18,000 vials on a pallet 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
39. 39. Retrieve and locate - search by tag ID 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
40. 40. 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014 Evidence Kits: Storage & Retrieval
41. 41. Tap the RFID Tag 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014 NTAG
42. 42. Real time location 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
43. 43. Histology slide storage 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
44. 44. 0.036 mm in size 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
45. 45. 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
46. 46. Core Platform is Based on the p-Chip Silicon-based microtransponder Light-activated electronic circuit Integrated antenna 64-bit architecture of current p-Chips, >1 billion IDs Virtually impossible to copy as requires silicon foundry and proprietary coding p-Chips transmit a fixed and unique serial number via digital signal when activated by laser light from ID reader 100 microns* 500 microns Memory Photocell Digital Signal Out Antenna *Range: 10-100 microns
47. 47. Class 3R laser (FDA registered) Operates in a low power standby mode Automatically detects p-Chip Read distance is 0-10 mm Nominal read time of 2 msec Powered by the USB interface on a PC Upgrades easily ID Reader for Decoding p-Chips Amp Signal Processor RF p-Chip Pickup Coil Lens Laser & Optic mounting Laser Diode Driver Power Conversion 47
48. 48. Problem Different forms of barcode and printed labels present a difficulty in routine operations at times Finding stored microscope slides in drawers presents a major issue Storage and location of histology slides
49. 49. Reading Slides in Storage Drawers Current storage methods Future storage methods
50. 50. Finding Slide in Storage Drawer
51. 51. Angle for front face Lid extensions Histology cassettes PharmaSeq approach
52. 52. NFC Tag with 14 digit Hexadecimal UID 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
53. 53. Google knows you! (or at least your phone..) 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
54. 54. Track the users locations 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
55. 55. Track the visits/calls/duration 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
56. 56. Location of the phone user 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
57. 57. 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014 Unique TAG ID 14 digits
58. 58. Tag Locations 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
59. 59. HTA Compliance 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014 Samples Destroyed or Returned
60. 60. Locate and retrieve the consent document 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
61. 61. Consent form relationship with the deceased immediately before they died. See Guidance note 6 for more information. The consent form is important as a record of consent given. The completion of the form is just one part of the consent process. Full explanation of the PM examination procedure along with discussion and time for reflection by those consenting, are equally important. Individuals and relatives should be able to discuss this process fully and ask any questions. Staff seeking consent for PM examination must be trained in how to obtain valid consent. Consent is only valid if proper communication has taken place. Consideration should be given to the needs of individuals and families whose first language is not English. The consent form covers consent for the PM examination itself as well as for the retention and use of organs and tissue following the PM examination. *If you modify this form, please remove the HTA logo. Format of the form Please note that there are three sections to this form. This form is produced as a Word file. You can edit the yellow shaded sections to make them appropriate for your Trust. Guidance notes, available at the end of this form, are also indicated by yellow shaded sections. They offer extra guidance and some suggest text that you might like to consider inserting, according to local practices. If you are having the form printed professionally, you may wish to consider producing it as a three-page booklet with duplicate copies. Consent for post-mortem examination of an adult Name of deceased: Date of birth: Date of death: Consultant / GP in charge of the patient: Hospital number for deceased: This form enables you to consent to a post-mortem examination of the body of the person named above. Please read it carefully with the person obtaining consent from you. For each section tick the relevant box to indicate your decisions and sign beneath each section. ! I confirm that I have had the opportunity to read and understand the [insert name of information leaflet]. ! I confirm that my questions about the post-mortem examination have been answered to my satisfaction and understanding. Signed by..Name Part 1: Post-mortem examination28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
62. 62. Attach Consent form to tag as html document 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
63. 63. Track the movement of a single tag 15/02/2013 08:23:59 18929b2b379040 7587631320 2 Station Road, Selby, North Yorkshire YO8, UK 53.782038 - 1.064631 Selby Platform 15/02/2013 08:38:47 18929b2b379040 7587631320 East Common Lane, Selby, North Yorkshire YO8, UK 53.776736 - 1.049074 15/02/2013 08:51:24 18929b2b379040 7587631320 Heck and Pollington Lane, Goole DN14, UK 53.680833 - 1.098372 Doncaster 5 Minutes north 15/02/2013 08:53:12 18929b2b379040 7587631320 Heck and Pollington Lane, Goole DN14, UK 53.680833 - 1.098372 Doncaster Station 15/02/2013 08:57:27 18929b2b379040 7587631320 Doncaster Centre, X2, Doncaster, South Yorkshire DN1, UK 53.522082 - 1.138374 Doncaster South 15/02/2013 09:25:50 18929b2b379040 7587631320 64, Newark, Nottinghamshire NG23, UK 53.136383 - 0.780355 Newark Northgate 15/02/2013 10:54:00 18929b2b379040 7587631320 Stagg Hill, EN6, UK 51.679504 - 0.171186 Emirates 15/02/2013 11:03:10 18929b2b379040 7587631320 Goods Way, London Borough of Camden, N1C, UK 51.534978 -0.12351 Kings Cross 15/02/2013 11:30:15 18929b2b379040 7587631320 187-199 Grays Inn Road, London, Greater London WC1X 8UL, UK 51.52606 - 0.117672 Grays Inn 15/02/2013 11:30:33 18929b2b379040 7587631320 187-199 Grays Inn Road, London, Greater London WC1X 8UL, UK 51.52606 - 0.117672 Grays Inn 139 Grays Inn28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
64. 64. 26/02/2014 13:34:07 0436b6ca0e2081 7587631320 A43, Towcester, Northamptonshire NN12, UK 52.084387 - 1.022776 26/02/2014 13:36:37 0436b6ca0e2081 7914765773 3 Kennel Road, Towcester, Northamptonshire NN12, UK 52.08039 - 0.997961 belinda 26/02/2014 13:39:59 0436b6ca0e2081 7914765773 3 Kennel Road, Towcester, Northamptonshire NN12, UK 52.08039 - 0.997961 belinda 26/02/2014 13:59:13 04734c614e2380 7914765773 3 Kennel Road, Towcester, Northamptonshire NN12, UK 52.080414 - 0.997953 Jerry 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014 Sample is transferred to another owner BELINDA RECEIVES SAMPLE
65. 65. Chain of Custody Transfer 26/02/2014 13:29:13 04b225f24b2880 7587631320 Northamptonshire NN12, UK 52.084387 - 1.022776 26/02/2014 13:34:02 044ad5f24b2880 7587631320 A43, Towcester, Northamptonshire NN12, UK 52.084387 - 1.022776 26/02/2014 13:34:05 0426b6ca0e2081 7587631320 A43, Towcester, Northamptonshire NN12, UK 52.084387 - 1.022776 26/02/2014 13:34:07 0436b6ca0e2081 7587631320 A43, Towcester, Northamptonshire NN12, UK 52.084387 - 1.022776 26/02/2014 13:35:20 044ad5f24b2880 7914765773 3 Kennel Road, Towcester, Northamptonshire NN12, UK 52.08039 - 0.997961 26/02/2014 13:35:35 044ad5f24b2880 7914765773 3 Kennel Road, Towcester, Northamptonshire NN12, UK 52.08039 - 0.997961 belinda 26/02/2014 13:36:33 044ad5f24b2880 7914765773 3 Kennel Road, Towcester, Northamptonshire NN12, UK 52.08039 - 0.997961 belinda 26/02/2014 13:36:37 0436b6ca0e2081 7914765773 3 Kennel Road, Towcester, Northamptonshire NN12, UK 52.08039 - 0.997961 belinda 26/02/2014 13:37:09 0436b6ca0e2081 7914765773 3 Kennel Road, Towcester, Northamptonshire NN12, UK 52.08039 - 0.997961 belinda 26/02/2014 13:39:59 0436b6ca0e2081 7914765773 3 Kennel Road, Towcester, Northamptonshire NN12, UK 52.08039 - 0.997961 belinda 26/02/2014 13:59:13 04734c614e2380 7914765773 3 Kennel Road, Towcester, Northamptonshire NN12, UK 52.080414 - 0.997953 Jerry 26/02/2014 3 Kennel Road, Towcester, Northamptonshire -28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
66. 66. Electronic Chain of Custody 0330 1000 747 Atkinson Lewis have taken Hair, Blood , Oral and Urine samples for use in Childcare cases involving drug or alcohol misuse for over 20 years. One of the key issues in any legal case is ensuring that the Chain of Custody is maintained. Using a 3G enabled tablet PC, our collectors are sent the location and details of the sample collection . Tablets are GPS enabled and linked to Google Maps. This means collector can find the site, and we also know where they are! We are also able to use the camera to verify identity .
67. 67. 0330 1000 747 The USB RFID reader, eliminates the finger trouble of entering the unique serial number of the sample taken. Tamperproof security seals are then attached The Donor confirms the RFID number on the tag is the same one automatically read Using the touch screen, the donor signs the tablet and the sample envelopes. The Electronic CoC is then sent to both receiving lab and our office
68. 68. Track the movement of a single tag 15/02/2013 08:23:59 18929b2b379040 7587631320 2 Station Road, Selby, North Yorkshire YO8, UK 53.782038 - 1.064631 Selby Platform 15/02/2013 08:38:47 18929b2b379040 7587631320 East Common Lane, Selby, North Yorkshire YO8, UK 53.776736 - 1.049074 15/02/2013 08:51:24 18929b2b379040 7587631320 Heck and Pollington Lane, Goole DN14, UK 53.680833 - 1.098372 Doncaster 5 Minutes north 15/02/2013 08:53:12 18929b2b379040 7587631320 Heck and Pollington Lane, Goole DN14, UK 53.680833 - 1.098372 Doncaster Station 15/02/2013 08:57:27 18929b2b379040 7587631320 Doncaster Centre, X2, Doncaster, South Yorkshire DN1, UK 53.522082 - 1.138374 Doncaster South 15/02/2013 09:25:50 18929b2b379040 7587631320 64, Newark, Nottinghamshire NG23, UK 53.136383 - 0.780355 Newark Northgate 15/02/2013 10:54:00 18929b2b379040 7587631320 Stagg Hill, EN6, UK 51.679504 - 0.171186 Emirates 15/02/2013 11:03:10 18929b2b379040 7587631320 Goods Way, London Borough of Camden, N1C, UK 51.534978 -0.12351 Kings Cross 15/02/2013 11:30:15 18929b2b379040 7587631320 187-199 Grays Inn Road, London, Greater London WC1X 8UL, UK 51.52606 - 0.117672 Grays Inn 15/02/2013 11:30:33 18929b2b379040 7587631320 187-199 Grays Inn Road, London, Greater London WC1X 8UL, UK 51.52606 - 0.117672 Grays Inn 139 Grays Inn28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
69. 69. Map the location of a tag 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
70. 70. RFID used in Point of Care Test 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
71. 71. All subject/test data updated unlike static Barcode 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
72. 72. Instant update from phone read 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
73. 73. Phone ID hidden 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
74. 74. Read and Locate RFID tags by phone 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
75. 75. Asset Location via RFID and NFC 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
76. 76. What are the limitations of barcode? Label size. Not suitable for extremely small items or tag dimensions. Scan angle. Barcodes require line-of-sight scanning, without obstructions. Tag orientation. Barcodes require line-of-sight scanning. You cannot read them through objects, paint, mud or dirt. Harsh environments. Barcodes can be scratched, scuffed, or corroded. Abrasion and direct impacts deface barcodes. Bright sunlight and reflective surfaces. Ice and Water droplets. 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
77. 77. TAGS: Different Types of chips The microchips contained within RFID tags can be identified as read-write or read-only. Read-Write RFID New information can be added to these chips, or existing information on these chips can be written over when the chip is within range of a reader. Laboratory test results and sample status can be frequently updated. Sample location included, chain of custody, evidence rooms etc. Read-Only RFID Generally less expensive than read-write tags, but still contain a UID. The Unique Identification is the most important feature of the tag. (Source: RFID-Handbook, BEAR, STEARNS & CO. INC.) 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
78. 78. TAGS: Different Types (and Costs) Active RFID Tags. These tags are battery powered in order to transmit a signal to a reader, and are generally used for high-value goods that need to be tracked over long ranges. Passive RFID Tags. These tags are not battery powered, and instead draw power from electromagnetic waves given off by an RFID reader. The read range for passive tags is usually under three meters. 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
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80. 80. Cadavar and Sample Storage 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
81. 81. Sample location issues 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
82. 82. 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014 Home Office Drug Licence Requirements - DrugCab NTAG
83. 83. 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014 Each Drug Standard has a RFID tag Chemist logs on, weights automatically updated
84. 84. Drug stock, movement, use etc 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
85. 85. DrugCab using RFID for asset tracking 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
86. 86. DrugCab Full Inventory Log 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
87. 87. Stock control with a click 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
88. 88. Track users and drug movements 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
89. 89. The bottom line. Prior to the new system, 765 errors occurred out of 8,231 specimen bottles sent to the pathology laboratory for evaluation. The error total plummeted, to 47 out of 8,539 bottles, after the RFID plan was instituted. 9.3% error rate fell to 0.5% 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
90. 90. duncan@agriyork.co.uk Questions? 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014