Forecasts in the line of balance - Lean Construction - DK

2003© Prof. Jouko kankainen, Olli Seppänen

Presented at the 11th Annual Meeting of the International Group for Lean Construction

Blacksburg, Virginia. July 2003

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� Authors and background

� System overview

� Case: The Kamppi Center

� Future research




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Development background:

� Before DYNAProject™, there was a Line-of-Balance software on market which allowed conversion of Gantt Chart into Line-of-Balance

� DYNAProject™ was developed to replace the previous scheduling software

� Four big Finnish construction companies participated in the development work (June 2001 – August 2002)

References:

� More than 200 new users in year 2003

� All leading construction companies in Finland, many small ones too

� Previous scheduling software is being replaced

Research background:

� Use of Line-of-Balance began in Finland in 1980s (HUT)

� Wide adoption in Finland by 1985

� Now used by almost every construction company

Authors:

Professor Jouko Kankainen:

� Helsinki University of Technology

� Construction Economics and Management

� http://www.cem.hut.fi

Olli Seppänen (Ph.D. student):

� Operations research background

� Technology manager / DSS Inc.

� http://www.dynassol.com

DYNAProjectLine-of-Balance based schedule planning and control system




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Place

Work flow

Order of completion

(m²)

Space buffer

Time

Time buffer




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A comprehensive time management system for construction projects� Schedule planning

� Risk analysis

� Monitoring and control

� Reuse of completion data




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� Site location: Helsinki, Finland

� Project management by SRV ViitosetLtd.

� One of the largest single city centerprojects in Europe

� Cost estimate: �2.5 billion

� Schedule: 2002-2006

� DYNAProject is currently being usedin schedule planning and control of the Kamppi Center

6th of June 2003




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Retail offices and shops

Kamppi Park square

Pedestrian walkways for hotel

Kamppi market square

Lasipalatsi square

Pedestrian street

Bus station (city of Espoo)

Street level: Underground:

Central bus station

Retail outlets

Walk ways to city centre

Connection to subway

Department store




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Master schedule: Just foundations and framework tasks are shown for every floor

”Framework 2A”

Phase schedule enables closer analysis: Place ”A” and the tasks under”Framework 2A” under closer look




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Control chart shows task status: ”Foundations” task is running late in some floors

Forecasts show the expected delay of ”Foundations”

Alarm symbols show places where control actions are needed




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Before control action:

Control action (more resources) ��”Framework is late only 2-3 weeks

The total effect of the deviation of the ”Foundation” is shown:��”Framework” will be delayed for up to 2½months

After control action




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Improved schedule planning� Control of work groups

� Evaluation of low cost / risk alternatives

� Continuous tasks

� Schedule compression � less overhead costs

� Integrated procurement schedule

� Less risk in the schedule

� Time and cost savings

Effective project control� Graphical control features

� Total effects of deviations shown

� Optimal control actions in case of deviations

� More effective project control� Increased productivity

� Less hurried work or waiting hours

� Schedule can be implemented as planned

Software benefits� All the tools needed in planning and controlling the schedule

� Easy to use graphical features

� Designed by industry experts, tested and used by project personnel




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More than 200 new users during 2003! “DYNAProject1.2™ improves project control and thus increases productivity. The schedule situation of the project can be seen at a glance!”

Vesa Tähti, Vice President, Skanska Finland

“DYNAProject1.2™ is an innovation, which benefits the whole construction industry. Better schedule planning and control enables substantial cost savings.”

Jukka Pekkanen, Technology manager, RT (Confederation of Finnish Construction industries)




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� Cost and schedule effects of disturbances

� Cost loading the schedule– tying payment schedule into tasks and places

– cost / schedule risks

– cost effects of control actions

� Integrating with 3D modeling software (4D)– greatest value from 4D can be achieved by combining 4D with the Line-of-Balance

– pilot in Finland during fall 2003 / spring 2004

� Integrating with the Last Planner™– Some DYNAProject™ pilot companies have also piloted Last Planner™ and want to have both in

the same system

– We feel that the systems have a lot to contribute to each other




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� Complete system demonstration during the conference on request

� Q & A




Bill of materials

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Total control of work and workgroups

Planning based on the graphical Line-of-Balance� Tasks under construction at any time

� Location of tasks

� Effects of tasks on each other

Line-of-Balance schedule

Task information




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Risk analysis features ensure feasibility� ensures that schedule can be implemented as planned

� illustrates the probability of achieving milestones

� graphically shows places where more control is needed

Risk input sheet

Risks in the Line-of-balanceProbability of achieving milestones




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Risk analysis indicates places where more control is needed




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The use of control charts � makes monitoring and control easy and effective

Forecasts in the line of balance � graphically illustrate the total effects of deviation

� prompt for corrective measures

The control chart for completions input, also works as a status report

Alarm

Forecast

Actual




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Task status shown in different colors in

the control chart

Completion based forecasts are shown in the Line-of-Balance.




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Optimal control actions are planned to achieve the original schedule if deviations occur

Control actions

Plan

Forecast: task is late due to delay in previous task

Alarm: control action needed




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� In the Finnish system there are three features with which the fulfillment of starting prerequisites are ensured

– schedule’s sensitivity to disturbance

– procurement schedule

– task plan» cost objective» master schedule task exploded» quality objectives and checking of design» resources» safety

� By combining task plans, it is possible to do look-ahead planning with DYNAProject (for example all the task plans for the next 6 weeks)




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Master schedule task ”Floor covering works” exploded




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Procurement events that have not been completed are shown with red color

Forecasts in the line of balance - Lean Construction - DK

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