Ford Motor Company by Raghavendra

8/9/2019 Ford Motor Company by Raghavendra

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age 1 of 22 FORD MOTOR COMPANY

Ford Motor Company

Henry Ford (July 30, 1863 April 7, 1947) was the Americanfounder of the Ford Motor Company and father ofmodern assembly linesused inmass production. His introduction of theModel Tautomobilerevolutionized

ansportation and American industry. He was a prolific inventor and was awarded 161 U.S.patents.

s owner of the Ford Motor Company he became one of the richest and best-known people in theorld. He is credited with "Fordism", that is, the mass production of large numbers of inexpensive

utomobiles using the assembly line, coupled with high wages for his workers. Ford had a globalsion, with consumerism as the key to peace. Ford did not believe in accountants; he amassed one

f the world's largest fortunes without ever having his company auditedunder his administration.enry Ford's intense commitment to lowering costs resulted in many technical and business

nnovations, including a franchise system that put a dealership in every city in North America, and inmajor cities on six continents. Ford left most of his vast wealth to the Ford Foundation but arrangedor his family to

History of Ford :

ord was launched in a converted factory in 1902 with $31,000 in cash (approximately US $687 thousand, adjusted fnflation) from twelve investors, most notably John and Horace Dodge, who would later found the Dodge Brothers

Motor Vehicle Company. Henry Ford was 40 years old when he founded the Ford Motor Company, which would go become one of the largest and most profitable companies in the world, as well as being one of the few to survive threat Depression. The largest family-controlled company in the world, the Ford Motor Company has been in continu

amily control for over 100 years.

uring its early years, the company produced a range of vehicles designated, chronologically, from the Ford Model A903)to the Model K and Model S (Ford's last right-hand steering model)[1] of 1907.[2] The K, Ford's first six-cylind

model, was knows as "the gentleman's roadster" and "the silent cyclone", and sold for US$2800 (approximatelyS$63.8 thousand, adjusted for inflation);[3] by contrast, around that time, the Enger 40 was priced at US$2000,[4] theolt Runabout US$1500,[5] the high-volume OldsmobileRunabout[6] US$650, Western's Gale Model A US$500,[7] an

he Success hit the amazingly low US$250 (approximately US$5.7 thousand, adjusted for inflation).[8]

he next year, Henry Ford introduced the Model T. Earlier models were produced at a rate of only a few a day at aented factory on Mack Avenue in Detroit, Michigan, with groups of two or three men working on each car fromomponents made to order by other companies (what would come to be

alled an "assembled car"). The first Model Ts were built at thePiquetteoad Manufacturing Plant, the first company-owned factory. In its first

ull year of production, 1909, about 18,000 Model Ts were built. Asemand for the car grew, the company moved production to the muchrgerHighland ParkPlant, and in 1911, the first year of operation there,9,762[9]Model Ts were produced, with 170,211 in 1912.[10] By 1913, theompany had developed all of the basic techniques of the assembly linend mass production. Ford introduced the world's first moving assemblyne that year, which reduced chassis assembly time from 12 hours in

RAGHAVENDRA YADAV

Henry Ford(ca.1919)

Ford assembly line (1913)
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age 2 of 22 FORD MOTOR COMPANYctober to 2 hours 40 minutes (and ultimately 1 hour, 33 minutes), [11] and boosted annual output to 202,667 units thaear[12] After a Ford ad promisedprofit-sharing if sales hit 300,000 between August 1914 and August 1915,[13]sales i914 hit 308,162, and 501,462 in 1915; [14] by 1920, production would exceed one million a year.

hese innovations were hard on employees, and turnover of workers was very high, while increased productivity acteduced labor demand.[15] Turnover meant delays and extra costs of training, and use of slow workers. In January 191ord solved the employee turnover problem by doubling pay to $5 a day, cutting shifts from nine hours to an eight h

ay for a 5 day work week (which also increased sales; a line worker could buy a T with less than four months' pay),nd instituting hiring practices that identified the best workers, including disabled people considered unemployable bther firms.[17] Employee turnover plunged, productivity soared, and with it, the costpervehicle plummeted. Ford curices again and again and invented the system of franchised dealers who were loyal to his brand name. Wall Street hriticized Ford's generous labor practices when he began paying workers enough to buy the products they made.[18]

While Ford attained international status in 1904 with the founding ofFord of Canada, it was in 1911 the company be rapidly expand overseas, with the opening of assembly plants in England and France, followed by Denmark (1923ermany (1925), Austria (1925),[19] and Argentina (1925),[20] and also in South Africa (1924)[21] and Australia (1925)

ubsidiaries of Ford of Canada due to preferentialtariffrules forCommonwealth countries. By the end of 1919, Fordroducing 50 percent of all cars in theUnited States, and 40% of all British ones;[22] by 1920, half of all cars in the Uere Model Ts. (The low price also killed the cyclecarin the U.S.)[23] The assembly line transformed the industry; so

ompanies without it risked bankruptcy. Of 200 U.S. car makers in 1920, only 17 were left in 1940.[24]

also transformed technology. Henry Ford is reported toave said, "Any customer can have a car painted any colorhat he wants so long as it is black." Before the assembly line,s had been available in a variety of colors, including red,lue, and green, but not black. Now, paint had become aroduction bottleneck; only Japan Blackdried quickly

nough, and not until Ducolacquerappeared in 1926 wouldther colors reappear on the T.[25]

n 1915, Henry Ford went on a peace mission to Europeboard a ship, joining other pacifists in efforts to stop World WarThis led to an increase in his personal popularity. Ford would

ubsequently

o on to support the war effort with the Model T becoming the underpinnings for Allied military vehicles, like the F

-Ton M1918tank, and the 1916 ambulance.

1896: Henry Ford builds his first vehicle the Quadracycle on a buggy frame with 4 bicycle wheels.

1898: Ford creates the Detroit Automobile Company; two and a half years later it is dissolved. 1901: Ford wins high-profile car race in Grosse Pointe, Mi 1901: The Henry Ford Company is incorporated but discontinued the following year only to be reinvigorated

Henry Leland as the Cadillac Motor Company

RAGHAVENDRA YADAV

Ford 1916 Model T Field Ambulance. This canon wood frame model was used extensively by British & French as well as the AmericanExpeditionary Force in World War I. Its top spewas 45 mph (72 km/h), produced by a 4 cylindewater cooled engine
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age 3 of 22 FORD MOTOR COMPANY 1903: Ford Motor Company incorporated with 11 original investors. The Model A"Fordmobile" is introduce

1,708 cars are produced. 1904:Ford Motor Company of Canada incorporated in Walkerville, Ontario 1904: Henry Ford teams up withHarvey Firestone ofFirestone Tires 1906: Ford becomes the top selling brand in the US, with 8,729 cars produced. 1908:Model Tis introduced. 15 million are produced through 1927. 1909: Ford Motor Company (England) established, otherwise referred to as Ford of Britain

1911: Ford opens first factory outside North America in Manchester, England. 1913: The moving assembly line is introduced at Highland Park assembly plant, making Model T production

times faster. 1913: Ford opens second world branch in Argentina asFord Motor Argentina 1914: Ford introduces $5 ($106, adjusted for inflation) workday minimum wage double the existing rate. 1918: Construction of the Rouge assembly complex begins. 1919:Edsel Ford succeeds Henry as Company President. 1921: Ford production exceeds 1 million cars per year, nearly 10 times more than Chevrolet - the next bigges

selling brand. 1922: Ford purchasesLincoln Motor Company for US $8 million ($102 million, adjusted for inflation). 1925: Ford introduces Ford Tri-Motorairplane for airline services

1926:Ford Australiais founded in Geelong, Victoria, Australia. 1927: Model T production ends, Ford introduces the next generation Model A, from the Rouge complex. 1929: Ford regains production crown, with annual production peaking at 1.5 million cars 1931: Ford and Chevy brands begin to alternate as U.S. production leaders, in battle for automobile sales duri

the Great Depression. 1932: Ford introduces the one-piece cast V8 block. It makes the Model 18 the first low-priced V8-powered c 1936:Lincoln-Zephyris introduced. 1938: The German consul at Cleveland awards Henry Ford the Grand Cross of the German Eagle, the highes

medalNazi Germany could bestow on a foreigner. There is some evidence Ford had Nazi sympathies, at leasbefore World War II. He may have financed some Nazi activities, and was active in anti-semitic efforts.

1939: Mercury division is formed to fill the gap between economical Fords and luxury Lincolns. Operated as

division at Ford until 1945 1941: The Lincoln Continental is introduced. Ford begins building general purpose "jeep" for the military. Fi

labor agreement with UAW-CIO covers North American employees. 1942: Production of civilian vehicles halted, diverting factory capacity to producing B-24 Liberatorbombers

tanks, and other products for the war effort. 1943: Edsel Ford dies of cancer at the age of 49, Henry Ford resumes presidency. 1945: Henry Ford II becomes president. 1945: Lincoln and Mercury are combined into a single division. 1946: Ford sues the allies for damages done to his factories in Dresden during the infamous bombing, and wi

compensation. 1946: The Whiz Kids, former US Army Air Force officers, are hired to revitalize the company. Automobile

production resumes. 1947: Henry Ford dies ofcerebral hemorrhage at the age of 83; Henry Ford II becomes new chairman. 1948:F-1Truck introduced. Lincoln Continental is introduced. 1949: The '49 Ford introduces all-new post-war era cars. The"Woody" station wagon is introduced. 1953 Ford Canada Headquarters and Car Plant opens inOakville, Ontario 1954:Thunderbird introduced as a personal luxury car with aV8. Ford begins crash testing, and opens Arizo

Proving Grounds. 1956: $10,000 ($79.3 thousand, adjusted for inflation)Lincoln Continental Mark II introduced. Ford goes pub

with common stock shares. Ford's emphasis on safety with is Lifeguard option package, includingseat belts adash padding, earns the company Motor Trend's "Car of the Year" award.[38]

RAGHAVENDRA YADAV
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age 4 of 22 FORD MOTOR COMPANY 1957: Ford launches the Edsel brand of automobiles in the fall of 1957 as 1958 models. Ford is top selling bra

with 1.68 million automobiles produced. 1959:Ford CreditCorporation formed to provide automotive financing. 1959: Ford withdraws the 1960 model Edsels from the market in November 1959. 1960:Ford Galaxie and compactFord Falcon introduced. 1960:Robert Mcnamara is appointed President of Ford by ChairmanHenry Ford II. 1960: Ford President Robert McNamara appointed Secretary of Defense by President elect John F. Kennedy.

1964:Ford Mustangcreates pony car segment, Ford GT40 challenges Ferrari and Porsche at LeMans. 1965: Ford brand US sales exceed 2 million units. 1965: Ford Galaxie 500 LTD debuts, advertised as quieter than a Rolls Royce 1966:Ford Bronco sport utility vehicle introduced. 1967: Ford of Europe is established. 1967: Ford opens Talbotville car plant in St. Thomas, Ontario 1968:Lincoln Mark Seriesis introduced as the company's first personal luxury carto compete with the Cadil

Eldorado 1970: Ford establishes Asia Pacific operations. 1972: Retractable seat belts introduced. 1973: Ford US brand sales reaches an all time high of 2.35 million vehicles produced.

1974: Ford Mustang II debuts as a smaller more economical pony car. 1975:Ford Granada and Mercury Monarch introduced, Maverick continues 1979: Ford acquires 25% stake in Mazda. 1981: The Lincoln Town Carand Ford Escort are introduced. 1984:Ford TempoandMercury Topaz are introduced. 1985:Merkurname launched based on several successful European vehicles. 1985:Ford Taurus introduced with dramatic "aero design" styling, along withFord Aerostarminivan. 1987: Ford acquires Aston Martin Lagonda and Hertz Rent-a-Car. 1988:Ford Festiva, built in Korea byKia is introduced. 1989: Ford acquires Jaguar.Mazda MX-5 Miata is unveiled. 1990: Ford Aerostar is Motor Trend's Truck Of The Year, while Lincoln Town Car is Motor Trend's Car Of T

Year. 1990:Merkurbrand of automobiles production discontinued. 1991:Ford Exploreris introduced, turning the traditionally rural and recreational SUV into a popular family

vehicle. 1992: Ford Taurus becomes America's top selling car, displacing the Honda Accord. 1994:Ford TempoandMercury Topaz are discontinued - replaced byFord Contourand Mercury Mystique. 1994:Ford Aspirereplaces Festiva, becoming the first car in its class to offer standard dual air bags and optio

4-wheel ABS. 1995: Ford's first front wheel drive V8 sedan is introduced, the 4.6L V8-powered Lincoln Continental. 1995: New front wheel drive Ford Windstar minivan is introduced. Aerostar remains in production. Redesign

Ford Explorer released, now with standard safety features such as dual air bags, 4-wheel ABS as standard

equipment. 1996: Ford certifies all plants in 26 countries to ISO 9000 quality and ISO 14001 environmental standards. T

V12-powered Jaguar XJS is discontinued. 1996: Controversially redesigned "Ovoid" Ford Taurus and Mercury Sable are introduced. Exit ofChevrolet

Caprice leaves full size fleet market to Ford Crown Victoria. 1996: Ford increases investment stake in a troubled Mazda Corporation to acontrolling interest of 33.4%. 1997: Full size 4-door SUVFord Expedition introduced replace theFord Bronco.Mercury Mountaineer

introduced. Redesigned Ford Escort and Mercury Tracer also introduced. 1997:Ford Aerostarproduction ends, along withFord Probe, Ford Thunderbird, Mercury Cougar, Mazda MX

andFord Aspire, without immediate replacement.

RAGHAVENDRA YADAV
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edselhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Motor_Credit_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Motor_Credit_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Motor_Credit_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Galaxiehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Galaxiehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compact_carhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Falcon_(North_America)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Falcon_(North_America)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mcnamarahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mcnamarahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Ford_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Ford_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_McNamarahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_F._Kennedyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Mustanghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Mustanghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Mustanghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_GT40http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Broncohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Broncohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Thomas,_Ontariohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Thomas,_Ontariohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_Mark_Serieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_Mark_Serieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_Mark_Serieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadillac_Eldoradohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadillac_Eldoradohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadillac_Eldoradohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Granadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Granadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_Monarchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazdahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_Town_Carhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Escorthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Tempohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Tempohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Tempohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_Topazhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_Topazhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Taurushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Taurushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Aerostarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Aerostarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aston_Martinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hertz_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Festivahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Festivahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaguar_(car)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazda_Miatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazda_Miatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Explorerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Explorerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Explorerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_utility_vehiclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Tempohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Tempohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Tempohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_Topazhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_Topazhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Contourhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Contourhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_Mystiquehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Aspirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Aspirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Aspirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_Continentalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_9000http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_14001http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chevrolet_Capricehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chevrolet_Capricehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Crown_Victoriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazdahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controlling_interesthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controlling_interesthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Expeditionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Expeditionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Broncohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Broncohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_Mountaineerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_Mountaineerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Aerostarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Aerostarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Probehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Probehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Probehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Aspirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Aspirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Aspirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edselhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Motor_Credit_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Galaxiehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compact_carhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Falcon_(North_America)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mcnamarahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Ford_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_McNamarahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_F._Kennedyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Mustanghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_GT40http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Broncohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Thomas,_Ontariohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_Mark_Serieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadillac_Eldoradohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadillac_Eldoradohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Granadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_Monarchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazdahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_Town_Carhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Escorthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Tempohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_Topazhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Taurushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Aerostarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aston_Martinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hertz_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Festivahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaguar_(car)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazda_Miatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Explorerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_utility_vehiclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Tempohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_Topazhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Contourhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_Mystiquehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Aspirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_Continentalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_9000http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_14001http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chevrolet_Capricehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chevrolet_Capricehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Crown_Victoriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazdahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controlling_interesthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Expeditionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Broncohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_Mountaineerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Aerostarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Probehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Aspire


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age 5 of 22 FORD MOTOR COMPANY 1997: Sculpted redesign of Ford's top-selling F-150 pickup, overcomes controversy to set sales records. 1998: Lincoln Navigator creates domestic luxury SUV class. Mark VIII is in its final year, introduces HID-

headlamps. 1999: Ford acquires Volvo car division from Volvo. Bill Ford becomes Chairman of the Board, replacingJac

Nasser. 1999: A smaller sportyMercury Cougaris reintroduced with front wheel drive. 1999:Jaguar RacingFormula One team is formed, with Jackie Stewart at the helm.

1999: Ford splits its full-sized pick-ups into two distinct models (the first to do so) with the introduction of thFord F-Series Super Duty (F-250 - F-550). Ford Excursion (based on Super Duty) is introduced, and has thedistinction of being the largest SUV sold anywhere.

2000: Ford purchasesLand Roverbrand from BMW.Lincoln LS and Jaguar S-Type are introduced, along wrefreshed Ford Taurus and Mercury Sable. The Lincoln LS becomes the 2000 Motor Trend Car of the Year.

2001: Retro-styled Ford Thunderbird is introduced, based on the Lincoln LS/Jaguar S-Type DEW98 platformand is also named Motor Trend Car of the Year for 2002.

2002:Lincoln Continental is discontinued after a roughly fifty year run. Jaguar X-Type is introduced (first AJaguar).

2003: Ford Motor Company's 100th Anniversary. The Ford GT is released, along with limited Centennialeditions of some Ford vehicles.

2004:Jaguar Racing team sold toRed Bull GmbH. Rangersales decline, losing the title as top-selling compapickup. The similarMazda B-series pickup is withdrawn from the US market. The Ford Escape Hybrid, the fgasoline-electric hybrid SUV, is introduced. Major redesign of the Ford F-150 and introduction of the LincolMark LT. Ford FreestarandMercury Monterey minivans are introduced, replacing the Ford WindstarandMercury Villager.

2005:Ford Mustangredesigned with retro styling reminiscent of the 1960s models. TheFord Five Hundred,Mercury Montego, and Ford Freestyle are introduced. Mercury Sable production ends, and Ford Taurusproduction is limited to rental car, taxi, and other fleet sales.

2006:Ford Taurus ends production after a 20-year run.Ford Fusion, Mercury Milan, and Lincoln Zephyrintroduced. Ford announces major restructuring program The Way Forward, which includes plans to shutunprofitable factories. Bill Ford steps down as CEO, remains as Executive Chairman. Alan Mulally elected

President and CEO. Ford Freestar and Mercury Monterey minivans are discontinued without replacement. Fomortgages all assets to raise $23.4 billion cash in secured credit lines, in order to finance product developmenduring restructuring through 2009.[37] According to J. D. Power and Associates quality surveys, the Ford Fusirated higher in quality than its chief rivals, the Toyota Camry and Honda Accord.

2007: Ford reports losses of $12.7 billion for 2006.Ford Edge and Lincoln MKX introduced. The Lincoln Zeis replaced with the Lincoln MKZ. A redesignedFord Expedition (including the longer wheelbase "EL" versiandLincoln Navigatorare introduced. Ford unveils the Ford InterceptorandLincoln MKRconcept cars, andpre-productionLincoln MKS is introduced. The Ford Five Hundred, Ford Freestyle and Mercury Montegonameplates are dropped and replaced with the previously retired Ford Taurus, Ford Taurus X, and Mercury Snameplates.[39]

2007: Ford sellsAston Martin to a British consortium led by Prodrivechairman David Richards,[40] and

announces plans to sell Jaguarand Land Rover. 2008: Ford sellsJaguarand Land RovertoTata Motors.

Corporate governance :

ord World Headquarters in Dearborn, Michigan, known as the GlassHouse.Members of the board as of early 2007 are: ChiefSir John Bond,RichardManoogian, Stephen Butler, Ellen Marram,Kimberly Casiano, Alan Mulally

RAGHAVENDRA YADAV

Ford World Headquarters inDearborn, Michigan, known

the Glass House.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volvo_Carshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volvohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Fordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Nasserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Nasserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Nasserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_Cougarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_Cougarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaguar_Racinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaguar_Racinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formula_Onehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackie_Stewarthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Roverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Roverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMWhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMWhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_LShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaguar_S-Typehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_Trend_Car_of_the_Yearhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Thunderbirdhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_DEW_platformhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_Continentalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_Continentalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaguar_X-Typehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_GThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaguar_Racinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaguar_Racinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Bullhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Bullhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Rangerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazda_B-serieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Escape_Hybridhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehiclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_Mark_LThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_Mark_LThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Freestarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Freestarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_Montereyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_Montereyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Windstarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_Villagerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Mustanghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Mustanghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Mustanghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Five_Hundredhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Five_Hundredhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_Montegohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Freestylehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_Sablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Taurushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Taurushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Taurushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Fusionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Fusionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_Milanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_Zephyrhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Way_Forwardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Fordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Mulallyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Ford_Motor_Company#cite_note-fordmortgage-36%23cite_note-fordmortgage-36http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._D._Power_and_Associateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Fusionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_Camryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honda_Accordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Edgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Edgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_MKXhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_MKZhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Expeditionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Expeditionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_Navigatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_Navigatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Interceptorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_MKRhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_MKRhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_MKShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_MKShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Five_Hundredhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Freestylehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_Montegohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Taurushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Taurus_Xhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_Sablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Ford_Motor_Company#cite_note-taurus-38%23cite_note-taurus-38http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aston_Martinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aston_Martinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prodrivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prodrivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Ford_Motor_Company#cite_note-39%23cite_note-39http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaguar_Carshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Roverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaguar_Carshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaguar_Carshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Roverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Roverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tata_Motorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tata_Motorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Bond_(banker)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Manoogianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Manoogianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Manoogianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimberly_Casianohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimberly_Casianohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Mulallyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:FordGlassHouse.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volvo_Carshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volvohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Fordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Nasserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Nasserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_Cougarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaguar_Racinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formula_Onehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackie_Stewarthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Roverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMWhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_LShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaguar_S-Typehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_Trend_Car_of_the_Yearhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Thunderbirdhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_DEW_platformhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_Continentalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaguar_X-Typehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_GThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaguar_Racinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Bullhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Rangerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazda_B-serieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Escape_Hybridhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehiclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_Mark_LThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_Mark_LThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Freestarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_Montereyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Windstarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_Villagerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Mustanghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Five_Hundredhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_Montegohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Freestylehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_Sablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Taurushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Taurushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Fusionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_Milanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_Zephyrhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Way_Forwardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Fordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Mulallyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Ford_Motor_Company#cite_note-fordmortgage-36%23cite_note-fordmortgage-36http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._D._Power_and_Associateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Fusionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_Camryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honda_Accordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Edgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_MKXhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_MKZhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Expeditionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_Navigatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Interceptorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_MKRhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_MKShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Five_Hundredhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Freestylehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_Montegohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Taurushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Taurus_Xhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_Sablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Ford_Motor_Company#cite_note-taurus-38%23cite_note-taurus-38http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aston_Martinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prodrivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Ford_Motor_Company#cite_note-39%23cite_note-39http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaguar_Carshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Roverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaguar_Carshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Roverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tata_Motorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Bond_(banker)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Manoogianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Manoogianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimberly_Casianohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Mulally


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age 6 of 22 FORD MOTOR COMPANYPresident and CEO), Edsel Ford II, Homer Neal,William Clay Ford Jr., Jorma Ollila, Irvine Hockaday Jr.,John L.hornton and William Clay Ford (Director Emeritus).[12]

he main corporate officers are: Lewis Booth (Executive Vice President, Chairman (PAG) and Ford of Europe), Maields (Executive Vice President, President ofThe Americas), Donat Leclair(Executive Vice President and CFO), M. Schulz (Executive Vice President, President of International Operations) and Michael E. Bannister (Group Viceresident; Chairman & CEO Ford Motor Credit).[12] Paul Mascarenas (Vice President of Engineering, The Americas

roduct Development)

Recent company developments :

uring the mid to late 1990s, Ford sold large numbers of vehicles, in a boomingAmerican economy with soaring stomarket and low fuel prices. With the dawn of the new century, legacy healthcare costs, higher fuel prices, and a falteconomy led to falling market shares, declining sales, and sliding profit margins. Most of the corporate profits came nancing consumer automobile loans through Ford Motor Credit Company.[13]

y 2005, corporate bond rating agencies had downgraded the bonds of both Ford and GM to junk status,[14] citing hig.S.health care costs for an aging workforce, soaringgasoline prices, eroding market share, and dependence on

eclining SUV sales for revenues. Profit margins decreased on large vehicles due to increased "incentives" (in the fof rebates or low interest financing) to offset declining demand.[15]

n the face of demand for higher fuel efficiency and falling sales of minivans, Ford moved to introduce a range of neehicles, including "Crossover SUVs" built on unibody car platforms, rather than morebody-on-framechassis. Ineveloping the hybrid electric powertrain technologies for the Ford Escape Hybrid SUV, Ford licensed similar Toyoybrid technologies[16] to avoid patent infringements.[17] Ford announced that it will team up with electricity supplyompany Southern California Edison (SCE) to examine the future ofplug-in hybrids in terms of how home and vehicnergy systems will work with the electrical grid. Under the multi-million-dollar, multi-year project, Ford will conveemonstration fleet ofFord Escape Hybrids into plug-in hybrids, and SCE will evaluate how the vehicles might interith the home and the utility's electrical grid. Some of the vehicles will be evaluated "in typical customer settings,"

ccording to Ford.[18][19]

n December 2006, the company raised its borrowing capacity to about $25 billion, placing substantially all corporatessets as collateral to secure the line of credit.[20] Chairman Bill Ford has stated that "bankruptcy is not an option".[21]

rder to control its skyrocketing labor costs (the most expensive in the world), the company and theUnited AutoWorkers, representing approximately 46,000 hourly workers in North America, agreed to a historic contract settleme

ovember 2007 giving the company a substantial break in terms of its ongoing retiree health care costs and otherconomic issues. The agreement includes the establishment of a company-funded, independently-runVoluntarymployee Beneficiary Association (more commonly known as a VEBA) trust to shift the burden of retiree health carom the company's books, thereby improving itsbalance sheet. However, this arrangement will not begin to take effntil January 1, 2010. The agreement also gives hourly workers the job security they were seeking by having the

ompany commit to substantial investments in most of its factories.

he automaker reported the largest annual loss in company history in 2006 of $12.7 billion,[22] and estimated that itould not return to profitability until 2009.[23] However, Ford surprised Wall Street in the second quarter of 2007 byosting a $750 million profit. Despite the gains, the company finished the year with a $2.7 billion loss, largely attribu finance restructuring at Volvo.[24]

n June 2, 2008, Ford sold its Jaguar and Land Rover operations to Tata Motorsfor $2.3 billion.[25][26]

RAGHAVENDRA YADAV
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edsel_Ford_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Clay_Ford,_Jr.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Clay_Ford,_Jr.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorma_Ollilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_L._Thorntonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_L._Thorntonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_L._Thorntonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Clay_Fordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company#cite_note-fmci-11%23cite_note-fmci-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_Boothhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chairmanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premier_Automotive_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Fields_(businessman)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Fields_(businessman)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Americashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Americashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donat_Leclairhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_Financial_Officerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company#cite_note-fmci-11%23cite_note-fmci-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_product_developmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Motor_Credit_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company#cite_note-12%23cite_note-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporate_bondhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_motorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company#cite_note-13%23cite_note-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company#cite_note-13%23cite_note-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_carehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_carehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Price_of_petroleumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Price_of_petroleumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_sharehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_utility_vehiclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company#cite_note-14%23cite_note-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossover_SUVhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unibodyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body-on-framehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body-on-framehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Escape_Hybridhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company#cite_note-15%23cite_note-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company#cite_note-16%23cite_note-16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_California_Edisonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plug-in_hybridhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power_transmissionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Escape_Hybridhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company#cite_note-akhrum-17%23cite_note-akhrum-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company#cite_note-akhrum-17%23cite_note-akhrum-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company#cite_note-edison-18%23cite_note-edison-18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company#cite_note-19%23cite_note-19http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company#cite_note-20%23cite_note-20http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company#cite_note-20%23cite_note-20http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Auto_Workershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Auto_Workershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Auto_Workershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voluntary_Employee_Beneficiary_Associationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voluntary_Employee_Beneficiary_Associationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voluntary_Employee_Beneficiary_Associationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_sheethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_sheethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company#cite_note-21%23cite_note-21http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company#cite_note-22%23cite_note-22http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_Streethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volvo_carshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company#cite_note-23%23cite_note-23http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tata_Motorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tata_Motorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company#cite_note-r_20080602-24%23cite_note-r_20080602-24http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company#cite_note-25%23cite_note-25http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edsel_Ford_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Clay_Ford,_Jr.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorma_Ollilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_L._Thorntonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_L._Thorntonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Clay_Fordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company#cite_note-fmci-11%23cite_note-fmci-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_Boothhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chairmanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premier_Automotive_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Fields_(businessman)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Fields_(businessman)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Americashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donat_Leclairhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_Financial_Officerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company#cite_note-fmci-11%23cite_note-fmci-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_product_developmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Motor_Credit_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company#cite_note-12%23cite_note-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corpora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age 7 of 22 FORD MOTOR COMPANYn January 2008, Ford launched a website listing the ten Built Ford Tough rules as well as a series of webisodes thatarodied the show COPS.

uring November 2008, Ford, together with Chrysler and General Motors, sought financial aid at Congressionalearings in Washington D.C. in the face of worsening conditions caused by the automotive industry crisis. The threeompanies presented action plans for the sustainability of the industry.[27] The Detroit based automakers werensuccessful at obtaining assistance through Congressional legislation. GM and Chrysler later received assistance

hrough the Executive Branch from the T.A.R.P. funding provisions.[28] On December 19, the cost ofcredit default sw insure the debt of Ford was 68 percent the sum insured for five years in addition to annual payments of 5 percent.

means it costs $6.8 million paid upfront to insure $10 million in debt, in addition to payments of $500,000 per year.[2

anuary 2009, Ford announced a $14.6 billion loss in the preceding year, making 2008 its worst year in history. Still,ompany claimed to have sufficient liquidity to fund its business plans and thus, did not ask for government aid. Thrpril 2009, Ford's strategy ofdebt for equity exchanges, erased $9.9 B in liabilities (28% of its total), in order toverage its cash position.[30] This resulted in a $2.3 B 2nd Quarterly profit for 2009.

The Way Forward" :

n the latter half of 2005, Chairman Bill Ford asked newly-appointed Ford Americas Division President Mark Fields

evelop a plan to return the company to profitability. Fields previewed the Plan, dubbed The Way Forward, at theecember 7, 2005 board meeting of the company; and it was unveiled to the public on January 23, 2006. "The Wayorward" includes resizing the company to match current market realities, dropping some unprofitable and inefficien

models, consolidating production lines, and shutting fourteen factories and cutting 30,000 jobs.[31]

hese cutbacks are consistent with Ford's roughly 25% decline in U.S. automotive market share since the mid-late 19ord's target is to become profitable again in 2009, a year later than projected. [citation needed] Ford's realignment also inclu

he sale of its wholly owned subsidiary,Hertz Rent-a-Carto aprivate equity group for $15 billion in cash and debtcquisition. The sale was completed on December 22, 2005. A 5050joint venture with Mahindra and Mahindra LimfIndia, called Mahindra Ford India, Limited (MIFL), ended with Ford buying out Mahindra's remaining stake in thompany in 2005.[32] Ford had previously upped its stake to 72% in 1998.[33]

hairman and Chief Executive OfficerFord also became President of the company in April 2006, with the retiremenm Padilla. Five months later, in September, he stepped down as President and CEO, and namingAlan Mulally as h

uccessor. Bill Ford continues as Executive Chairman, along with an executive operating committee made up of MulMark Schulz, Lewis Booth, Don Leclair, andMark Fields.

Online :

he domainford.com attracted at least 11 million visitors annually by 2008 according to a Compete.com survey.

Brands and marques :

oday, Ford Motor Company manufactures automobiles under several names including Lincoln andMercury in thenited States. In 1958, Ford introduced a new marque, theEdsel, but poor sales led to its discontinuation in 1960. La

n 1985, the Merkurbrand was introduced to market Fords from Europe in the United States; it met a similar fate in989.

ord has major manufacturing operations in Canada,Mexico, theUnited Kingdom,Germany, Turkey, Brazil, Argenustralia, the People's Republic of China, and several other countries, includingSouth Africawhere, following

RAGHAVENDRA YADAV
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tomobile)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marquehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edselhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Ford_factorieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexicohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkeyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People's_Republic_of_Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa


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age 8 of 22 FORD MOTOR COMPANYvestment during apartheid, it once again has a wholly owned subsidiary. Ford also has a cooperative agreement witussian automakerGAZ.

ord acquired British sports carmakerAston Martin in 1989, but sold it on March 12, 2007,[34] retaining a small minake,[35] and Volvo Cars ofSweden. In November 2008 it reduced its 33.4%Controlling interest inMazda of Japan, 3.4% non-controlling interest.[36][37] It shares an Americanjoint venture plant in Flat Rock, Michigan calledAutolliance with Mazda. It has spun off its parts division under the name Visteon.

ord sold theUnited Kingdom-based JaguarandLand Rovercompanies and brands toTata Motors ofIndia in Marc008.

lso in 2008, Ford Motor is in negotiations with Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporationto sell its Volvo carsvision.[38]

ord'sFoMoCo parts division sells aftermarket parts under the Motorcraftbrand name.

ord's non-manufacturing operations include organizations such as automotive finance operation Ford Motor Creditompany. Ford also sponsors numerous events and sports facilities around the nation, most notablyFord Centerin

owntown Oklahoma City and Ford Fieldin downtown Detroit.

verall the Ford Motor Company controls the following operational car marques: Ford,Lincoln, Mercury, andVolvars.

n 2008 the Lincoln-Mercury brand dropped on the American Customer Satisfaction Index list to 83, from 86 in 2007

Global markets :

nitially, Ford Motor Company models sold outside the U.S. were essentially versions of those sold on the home marut later on, models specific to Europe were developed and sold. Attempts to globalize the model line have often fail

ith Europe's Ford Mondeo selling poorly in the United States as the Ford Contour, while U.S. models such as the Faurus have fared poorly inJapan and Australia, even when produced in right hand drive. The small European modea, a hit in its home market, did not catch on in Japan, as it was not available as an automatic. The Mondeo was dropy Ford Australia, because the segment of the market in which it competes had been in steady decline, with buyersreferring the larger local model, the Falcon. One recent exception is the European model of the Focus, which has sorongly on both sides of theAtlantic.

rom 2003, Toyota outsold Ford Motor worldwide.[39]From the second quarter 2006, Toyota has passed Ford as the utomaker, by sales, in the United States.[40]

ord is in partnership talks to license hybrid technology from the Toyota Motor Corporationin a deal that could help

stablish Toyota's system as a standard for the industry.[41]

urope :

t first,Ford in GermanyandFord in Britain built different models from one another until the late 1960s, with the Fscort and then theFord Capri being common to both companies. Later on, theFord Taunus and Ford Cortina becam

dentical, produced inleft hand drive and right hand drive respectively. Rationalization of model ranges meant thatroduction of many models in the UK switched to elsewhere in Europe, including Belgium and Spain as well as

RAGHAVENDRA YADAV
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urehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flat_Rock,_Michiganhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auto_Alliancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auto_Alliancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visteonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaguar_Carshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Roverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tata_Motorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai_Automotive_Industry_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company#cite_note-37%23cite_note-37http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorcrafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Motor_Credit_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Motor_Credit_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Centerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Fieldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_(automobile)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(automobile)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volvo_Carshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volvo_Carshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln-Mercuryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Customer_Satisfaction_Indexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Mondeohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Contourhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Taurushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Taurushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right_hand_drivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Kahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Falcon_(Australia)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Focus_(International)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company#cite_note-38%23cite_note-38http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company#cite_note-39%23cite_note-39http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_Motor_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company#cite_note-40%23cite_note-40http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Germanyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_of_Britainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Escort_(Europe)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Escort_(Europe)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Caprihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Taunushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Cortinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Left_hand_drivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain


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age 9 of 22 FORD MOTOR COMPANYermany. TheFord Sierra replaced the Taunus and Cortina in 1982, drawing criticism for its radical aerodynamicyling, which was soon given nicknames such as "Jellymould" and "The Salesman's Spaceship."

ncreasingly, the Ford Motor Company has looked toFord of Europe for its "world cars," such as the Mondeo, FocusndFiesta, although sales of European-sourced Fords in the U.S. have been disappointing. In Asia, models from Eurre not as competitively priced as Japanese-built rivals, nor are they perceived as reliable. The Focus has been onexception to this, which has become America's best sellingcompact carsince its launch in 2000.[citation needed]

n February 2002, Ford ended car production in the UK. It was the first time in 90 years that Ford cars had not beenmade in Britain, although production of theTransit van continues at the company's Southampton facility, engines at

ridgend and Dagenham, and transmissions atHalewood. Development of European Ford is broadly split betweenuntonin Essex (powertrain, Fiesta/Ka, and commercial vehicles) and Cologne (body, chassis, electrical, Focus,

Mondeo) in Germany. Ford also produced theThames range of commercial vehicles, although the use of this brand nas discontinued circa 1965. Elsewhere in continental Europe, Ford assembles the Mondeo range in Genk(Belgiumiesta in Valencia (Spain) andCologne(Germany), Ka in Valencia, and Focus in Valencia, Saarlouis (Germany) andsevolozhsk(Russia). Transit production is inKocaeli (Turkey),Southampton (UK), and Transit Connect inKocael

ord also owns a joint-venture production plant in Turkey. Ford-Otosan, established in the 1970s, manufactures the

ransit Connectcompact panel van as well as the "Jumbo" and long wheelbase versions of the full-size Transit. Thisroduction facility was set up nearKocaeli in 2002, and its opening marked the end of Transit assembly in Genk.

nother joint venture plant nearSetbalinPortugal, set up in collaboration withVolkswagen, formerly assembled thalaxy people-carrier as well as its sister ships, the VW Sharan andSeat Alhambra. With the introduction of the thireneration of the Galaxy, Ford has moved the production of the people-carrier to the Genk plant, with Volkswagenking over sole ownership of the Setubal facility.

n 2008, Ford acquired a majority stake in Automobile Craiova,Romania. Starting 2009, Ford Transit Connect will bord's first model produced in Craiova, followed, in 2010, by low-capacity car engines and a new small class car.[42]

ord Europe has broken new ground with a number of relatively futuristic car launches over the last 50 years.

s 1959 Anglia two-door saloon was one of the most quirky-looking small family cars in Europe at the time of itsunch, but buyers soon became accustomed to its looks and it was hugely popular with British buyers in particular. Ias still selling well when replaced by the more practical Escort in 1967.

he third incarnation of the Ford Escort was launched in 1980 and marked the company's move fromrear-wheel drivaloons tofront-wheel drivehatchbacks in the small family car sector. It also offered levels of style, comfort andefinement which were almost unmatched on comparable cars of this era.

he fourth generation Escort was produced from 1990 until 2000, although its successor the Focus had been on s

nce 1998. On its launch, the Focus was arguably the most dramatic-looking and fine-handling small family cars onnd sold in huge volumes right up to the launch of the next generation Focus at the end of 2004.

he 1982 Ford Sierra replacement for the long-running and massively popularCortina andTaunus models was ayle-setter at the time of its launch. Its ultramodernaerodynamic design was a world away from a boxy, sharp-edgedortina, and it was massively popular just about everywhere it was sold. A series of updates kept it looking relativelyesh until it was replaced by the front-wheel driveMondeo at the start of 1993.

he rise in popularity of small cars during the 1970s saw Ford enter the mini-car market in 1976 with its Fiestaatchback. Most of its production was concentrated atValencia inSpain, and the Fiesta sold in huge figures from the

RAGHAVENDRA YADAV
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