Foraminifera from the Lagoon at Funafuti.

hHPHI1'OUI OF THE BRITISH ISLES. 161

P~ATI:. 16.

Pig. 1. N@hargus sztbtcrrmear, Leach. T h e sex of the speoimeii f r o u which each drawing was mwde is indicated lip the usual sign.

PI..ATIG 17.

Fig. 1. Nipharps su5ter~a~aem, Leach. 2. Niyhargus Kochiu~zus, Spence Bate, drawn from a specimen from Dnbliii.

~ ' I . A T E 18.

Fig. 1. Niphargus Kochiuu us, Mpeuce Bate, Dublin specimen. 2. Ditto, from a Marlb(1rough specimen. 3. Crungoiyx subterrnncus, Speuce Bate.

(All the figures considerably ulagnilied.)

FORAMINIPE~LL froiu tho Lagoon at Funafuti. By FREDERICK CHAPMAN, A. L.S., F.R.M.S.

[Read 6th December, l$KK, 1 (PLATES 19 & 20.)

INTRODUCTION BY the study of Foraminifera under abnormal or adverse conditions one is able to learn much that is of biological interest, and more of the real value of the so-called species, than by the mere examination of samples which have been obtained from ordinary extensive littoral or deep-sea deposits, formed under conditions more or less favourabk.

So far as I know, we have never before had ho good an oppor tunity of examining a foraminifera1 lagoon fauna in detail. The present paper is based on the material dredged by iMessrs. G. Halligan aud A. E. Finckh acros8 the lagoon of Punafuti ; antl this was courteously sent t o us by Prof. T. Eclgeworth David, of Sydney University, under whose direction the dredgings n ere made.

The &edgings were takeu along a line running due E. antl W. starting from below the Mission Church on Fongafale Islet, at intervals of half-a-mile, uutil the opposite rim of the Atoll mas

LINN. JOURN.-ZOOLOGI, \'OIL. \ l V J I I . 12

162 MR. F. CHAPMAN ON FORAMINIFERA

reached a t Fuafatu Islet *. These dredgings were sent over in 6 oz. capsuled bottles and numbered consecutively 1 to 18.

The starting point for the dredgings, Fongafale, presents an unbroken rim ; but on the contrary Fuafatu, on the opposite side of the Atoll, is situated on the part of' the rim which is broker] up by channels. These diverse features afford most interesting comparisons of the foraminifera1 faunas a t the two localities; for at the former place the Foraminifera have lived under more or less tranquil conditions ; whereas those of the latter locality were subjected to the action of the currents and surf, and consequently had an abundant food-supply, and this could not tail to make a decided difference in the assemblage found there.

Although the lagoon of Funafuti is open to the sea by many broad channels, chiefly on the S.E. and N.W., the area itself is so large, about 9 miles along the line of the soundings, that we might well expect to find a facies in the middle of the lagoon differing from that near the rim of the Atoll.

The results obtained not only bear out this expectation, but they offer many new points with regard to the habits and pre- ference of conditions exhibited by such lowly forins as the Rhizopoda, far exceeding anything we had anticipated.

The present collection is a remarkable object-lesson on the importance of environnient in producing variations ; and provided these conditions remain fixed for lengthened periods, the varieties may converge to definite centres of form, and come t o be regarded as species. The simplicity of the Rbizopod-structure and the almost infinite adaptability of these animals to their environ- Inent enable us to point to innumerable connecting-links or intermediate forms, the despair of the systematiat, which afford i he biologist material for some important deductinns and a general (.omparatiire study.

The present work has been chiefly carried out in the Geological Laboratory of t h e Royal College of Science ; and I am indebted t o Prof. Judd, C.B., F.R.S., for the facilities he has there given me.

* See Map of Funafuti Atoll, p. 167.

FROM T H E LAGOON AT FUNAFUTI. 163

GENERAL A N A L Y S E ~ OF THE SAMPLES.

The composition of the 18 samples of dredging8 from the Lagoon are as follows :-

lamp1 No.

~ ~-

l . . . . .

2 . . . . .

3. ...

4.....

5.....

6. . . . .

7 . . . . .

s.....

Distance from

Mission Church.

4 mile.

1 mile.

1 ) miles.

‘1 miles.

‘7: miles.

3 miles.

3; miles.

4 miles.

!) ... 4+ miles.

Ieptb i r athorns

~~ ._

10

154

20

23

24

21

24

26

25

Forninin dcra. Other Organisms.

17 per cent.-CIiietiy M ~ Z ~ O - 13 per. cent. - Lamelli, l i s c c , Orhitolitcs, ?;,afularicc, 1 branch, Gastropods Caburiisa. A,,ipkistegina, Alcyonnrian qiicolcs and €fctc,rosty:cliiia, Ecbinoderma, Serpnla.

Ostracoda and otbw j Crustaces.

23 p. c.-Chiefly Oi-bifolites. 2 11. c. -- Ecliiuoclernin CnZcctrim, T;.rtzcluria, Am- , Polyzoa, Laiuell i branch s phistegiun, and Hetero- Gastropods, Serpdx stqiira. Ostracoda.

14 p. c.--Chie%j Sagenilia G ? l / p a i , r n , A , , i p h i s f ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ a , and Heterostaqlziin.

3 p. c.-Chiefly !Sageniiaa. Calcarancr, A~iiphistqyiiirr nnd Heferosfqim.

14 p. c.-Chiefly Sageaina, Gypsiiaa, Amphistrgiisa, and Hefevosfeqina.

3 p. c.-Chiefly Sngenimz, Gypsifsa, &mbiiniz, Am- phistegina, nnd Heteroste- ginn.

.5 p c.-Lamellibranchi Gastropods. and Ser pultt.

4 p. c. - Echinodrrma Pol) zoa,L~~mellihr,~nclis Oastropocls, SerpuLv Ostracoda and othci Crnstacea

1 p c. - Echinodernia Polyzoa,Lamellibr,inc~li~ Gastropods, Yerpul:E, i i n r Crustacea.

1 p. c. - Ecbinorlermn Polyzoa, Brachiopwls Gastropods, Lnnielll branchs, Serpulze, 0str.i codaand other Crustacea

1 p. c.-Pteropods, Poly- zoa, Lamellibranchs Gastropods, Serpaln and Ostracoda

I p. c -Sponges, Gastro- pods, Lnmelhbrnnchs Serpuln, and Crnstacea.

164

12.5 p. c.-Chiefly Sayeni)ia, Haddosia, Amphi&yina, and Heterostqina.

IIR. F. CHAPMAN ON FOBAMINIFERA

125 p. c.-Ohiefly Had- dmia, Carterina, Gypsma, Polytremn, h’oniowana. and Anzphisteymu.

1 p. c.-Sugminrf, Gyppsinu, Polytrenia, R nd A mphist e- qina.

0 1’. c.-Chietly Curterinn, Dascorbmu, Gypinn , Pdy- f r m u , and A~izphistqpna.

9 p. o.-Chiefly Orbztolttrs, Haddonin, Truncatalana, Cabcarz?ia, Gypstm, Amphz- stegina, and Hetrrostrqann.

9 p. c.--Chietlg T~xt tdaiaa Calcarina, Gijpsim, Amnphi- steginn, and Hetcrostyznn.

TABLE (continued).

Foraminifera.

__

Sampl NO.

10 ....

11 1.. . .

12. ... .

13.. .. .

14 .....

15 ....

3 . . ..

7 . . .

Other Organisnis.

~I__

Distance from

Mission Church.

Hu~imedu.

5 miles.

i& miles.

6 miles.

;+ miles.

7 miles.

‘4 miles.

8 miles.

8f miles.

2.5 p. c.-Serpulse, Gas- tropods, Lamellibranchs, Polyzoa, Pteropods, 0 s - tracoda and other Crust- acea.

2.5 13. 0.-Echinoderma, Polyzoa, Lamellibranchs, Gastropods. and Crust- acea.

1 1’. c.-Polyzon, Gas- tropods, and Serpulae.

1 p. c.-Polyxoa, Gastro- pods, and Serpulz.

1 1). c. -. Echinoderma, Lamellibranchs, Gsstro- pods, Heteropods, Ser- p u h , and Ostraooda.

1 p. c.-Lamellibrauehs, Gastropods, and Ser- p1“.

1 12. c.-Polvzoa. Lamelli-

16 ... ..I $1 miles. I

85 O.

86 p’ ”

!,8 p. c.

‘30 p. c.

p’ ’*

!WJ p. c.

) e t h ii dam,. -

26

25

23

26

16

l!)

w

12

I

b;.anchs, Okstropocls, and Serpulce. RO p. c.

1 11. c.-Sponge spicules, Alcyonarian spicules, Echinoderma, Brachio- pods, Lamellibranchs, Gastropods, and Ostra- codti.

1 p. c.--Ohiefly Sagenina, Placopsilina, Ckrtrrina. Cnlcarina, Gypsirla, Po@- trema, and Anyhistqina.

JO p. c.-Chiefly &irolocc lina, Milioliiba, Hntrerim Peneroplis. Orbitolite: Textulnria, Tbrneuilinn Globigerina, Cymhaloporu Discorhina, Calcurinrr , Gy1) sina, Pof.ytrei?ln, Amph,iste qina, and Hetel.ostegginu.

‘” p’ cm

~. I

1 p. c.-Spunge ~picules, Alcyonarim spicules, Echinoderma, Hetero- pods, aud ODtrucoda.

I 1’. c.

FROM THE LAGOON AT PUNIEUTI. 1 (j.5

By a reference to the foregoing Table, we find that the prevailing genus of the Foraminifera under all the varying conditions is dmphistegina. The specimens of this genus which are found in the middle of the lagoon are, as a rule, much smaller than those found within reach of the influence of inarine currents from the outer side of the reef, whether through channels in the riiu or through the mbmariue interstices of the reef-platform.

The spurred forms Calcarina and Tinoporus (slightly resembling each other in general form but not related) are both common near the rim at Fuafatu Islet, and on the opposite side of the lagoon a t Fougahle Islct ; but the latter genus rapidly dis- appears * on tritvelling acrom the lagoon, and Calcarina ouly is found in the various samples taken from the lagoon-floor.

The number of genera of the Foraminifera found clove to the lagoon-shore, near the Mission Church at Fongafale, is 21 ; but on the opposite side, at Fuafatu, the number is increased to 23 . This is obviously owing to the greater influence of marine conditions and food-supply from the seaward face. A t Fongafale this seems to be due to the passage of water through the reef- platform, and at Fuafatu t o currents passing through channels in the r im of the Atoll or between the islets.

I n the middle of the lagoon only three genera are present, namely, Saganian, Aalphaste.yinn, and Heterostegirba.

Whilst the greater nurnber of generic forms gradually die out towards the centre of the l~goon, a few, with some special varieties, make their appearance and i n tolerable abundance, in couvequeuce of the more tranquil coiiditioiis prevailing there. A noteworthy form in this respect is Carterina spieulotesta, whose tiny brown tests are usually found attached to Hnlimeda-fronds. The thin papery form Gypsinn uesiclclnris var. spuamiformis, and the adherent P l a n o r h l i n a In ivnfn are also found under similar conditions.

PERCENTAW C o ~ d p o ~ t n o N OF THE FORAMINIFERAL SAMPLES. A Chart of the percentage composition of the samples with

regard to the Foramiuifera is given below. By this we see the almost equal proportion of Halimeda and the Foraminifera occurring nem the r im of the Atoll at Fongafale Islet. There is

* A solitary specimen of Timporzis bnczhtzu, much worn, and probably carried in by currents, was found in Sample 11, 3f miles from the rim of the Atoll.

166 MR. E. CHAPMAN ON PO~LkMIKIBEBA

VP OF PERCENTAGE OF FORAMINIFERA DEPTH I N FATHOMS

10

75%

20

23

24

21

2.4

26

25

26

25

23

26

76

79

20

12

7%

PERCENTAGE OF FoRAMINIFERa.-Readings to the left of the zigzag line give percentages of Foraminifera ; to the right, percentages of Hulimeda and other miscellaneous organisms.

FBOM THE LAGOON AT FUNAFUTI. 167

then a mdden drop 13 miles out to -5 per cent. of Foraminifera, followed by an oscillatio~~ along the floor of the lagoon, and in uo wise dependent upon depth. The percentage of Foraminifera

Fualifehe

FUNAFUTI AroLL.-Showiug the principal Islets and the positions whence the Lagoon samples were taken,

here falls as low as 1 and never rises above 20. This lowper- centage is persistent until within 1 mile of the opposite rim cear Fuafatu Islet, where there is a suddeu rise t o 90 per cent., which is further increased within 5 mile of the shore to 98 per cent.

168 N R . F. CHAPMAN ON PORAMINIFERA

DESCRIPTION OF THE FORAMINIFERA *. Family MILIOLIDB.

Subfamily N U B E c ZT L A R I I K B .

NUBECULARIA, Defralzce 118251.

NUBECULARIA DIVARICATA, Brady.

Sugrinn divaricuta, Brady, 1879, Quart. Journ. Xicr. Sci. n. s., rol. xix.

Nubeculariu divan’cata, Urrtdy, 1884, Rep. Chall. vol. ix. p. 136,

N. diuuricatu, Brady, Millett, 1898, Journ. R. Micr. SOC. p. 261, pl. v. fig. 4.

This rare form has previously been recorded from Humboldt Bay, P a p u a ; of€ Raine Island, Torres Strai t ; off Tongatabu, Friendly Islands ; and lately by Millett from three stations in the Malay Archipelago. Our specimen closely resembles that of the figure given by Millett, and it also shows the phialine termination of the aperture characteristic of this species.

(Pl. 19. fig. 1.)

p. 276, pl. viii. figs. 22-24.

pl. lxxvi. figs. 11-15.

Lagoon, Funafut i ; very rare. Sample 18 (7i fathoms).

P~’UBECULARIA LUCIFUGA, Defrance.

Nubeculaviu lucifuga, Defrance, 1826, Dict. Sci. Nat. vol. xxv. 1’. 210,

N. lucijkga, Defrance, Egger, 1895, Abhandl. bayer. Akad. Wiss.,

N . lucifuga, Defiance, Millett, 1898, Journ. R. Micr. SOC. p. 261,

A rare form in tropical areas. Recorded from Tongatabu, Friendly Islands ; Malay Archipelago, etc. It is represented at Funafut i chiefly by spirally-wound specimens, originally attached to other organisms.

Sample 1 (10 fathoms) ; sample 13 (26 fathoms) ; sample 17 (12 fathoms).

Atlas Zooph. pl. xliv. fig. 3.

math.-phys. GI. ii. vol. xvii. p. 280, pl. xxi. figs. 4-7.

pl. v. fig. 7.

Lagoon, Funafuti ; generally rare.

* The synonymy of the species is here restricted chiefly to references eubaequent to Brady’s ‘ Challenger ’ Report (1884).

FRON ‘rnE L ~ G O O N \T F U U A F U ~ I . 169

NUBECULARIA BRADTI, A%”illetf. (PI. 19. fig. 3.) -Vz~beczcZariu itzznta, Biady, 1884, Rep. Chall. 1). 335, 111. i. fig$. 5-8. N. Brudyi (A? inyuta preoccupied), Jl i l lptt , 1898, Joiirn. 17. Micr.

Soc. p. 261, pl. v. figs. 6 n, b. This species usually occurs in quite shallow water. It mas

obtained by the ‘ Challenger’ off Honolulu, Sandwich lalands ; off Tongatabu ; off Tahiti ; Nares Harbour, Admiralty Islands ; and Balfour Bay, Kergiielca Island. It ifi common iu the Greek Archipelago, and Millett found it in the Malay Archi- pelago. Our specimens do not show the fiqtulose or spouted tendency which the aprrtiire assumes, shonv in the speciinens figured by Brady and Millett.

Lagoon, Funafuti ; very rare. Sample 1 (10 fathoms) ; sample 28 (74 fathoms).

NUBECULARIA LACUNENRTX, sp. nov. Test porcellanous, free, or (?) attached ; consisting of a series

of compressed and concave segments somewhat cuspid a t the peripheral margin, and arranged in an obscurely rotaline manner. Superior face conical, depressed : inferior, flat. Diameter -55 millim.

(PI. 19. fig. 2.)

Lagoon, Funafuti ; very rare. Sample 18 (7f fathoms).

Subfandy M I L I o L I x I N F.

BILOCULTNA, d’Orbi,yny [1826].

BILOCULIN~ OBLONG A, tl‘Orbigny. Biloculina oblonga, d’orbigng, 1889, in Sq-ra’s Cuba, Fornni. p. 10.1,

pl. viii. figs. 21-23. This species has the nboral end considerablr swollen, and the

inverted aperture of tlir penultimate chamber very apparent, thus differingfrom B. elonyatn, d’orbigny, which is more regularly oval. D’Orbigng’s specimens came from the ncighbourhood of the Cuban coral-reefs.

Lagoon, Funafuti ; very rare. Sample 8 (26 fathoms) ; sample 18 (79 fathoms).

BILOCULINA SUBSPH-BRICA, d’ Orbiyny. Bilocadina sicbaphmricn, d’Orbimy, 1889, in Sayra’s Cuba, Foram. p. 162,

pl. viii. figs. 25-27.

170 M a . F. CHAPMAN ON P O B A ~ I N I P Y R A

This species was also described from the coral area around

Lagoon, Funafuti j very rare.

BILOCULINA BINGENS (Lamar&). Miliolites ringens, Lnmarck, 1804, Ann. du Musdum, vol. v. p. 351 ;

Biloculina ringens (Lam.), Egger, 1893, Abhandl. bayer. Akad. Wish.,

B. ringens (Lam.), Millett, 1808, Journ. R. Nicr. SOC. p. 262. B. vingens (Lam.), Flint, 1899, Rep. U.S. National Mus. (1897) p. 294,

A widely distributed species both geographically and as regards Millett found i t generally distributed in the

Cuba. Sample 18 (74 fathoms).

vol. ix. pl. xvii. fig. 1.

math.-phgs. C1. ii. vol. xviii. p. 220, pl. i. figs. 7-9.

pl. 39. fig. 2.

depth of water. gatherings from the Malay Archipelago.

Lagoon, Funafuti ; very rare. Sample 18 (7i fathoms).

SPIBOLOCULINA, d’Orbiyny [1826].

SPIROLOCULINA BOBUSTA, Brady. Spii*oloc.ulina robusta, Brady, 1884, Rep. Chall. vol. ix. p. 150, pl. ix.

S. vobustn, Brady, Flint, 1899, Rep. U.S. Nat. Mus. (1897) p. 296.

This species was found by Dr. Brndy in the dredgiogs near The

figs. 7, 8.

pl. 42. fig. 1.

Culebra Islaud, West hdies, at a depth of 390 fathorns. specimen frorii Funafuti is characteristic but small.

Sample 18 (71- fathoms). Lagoon, Funafuti ; very rare.

SPIROLOCULINA EXCAVATA, d’Or6igny. Spiroloculinn excuvnta, d’orbigny, 1846, Foram. Foss. Vienne, p. 27 1,

S. ercauabn, #Orb., Rupert Jones, 1895, Pal. SOC. Mon., Crag Forani.

S. e.rcmata, d’Orb., Millett, 1898, Journ. R. Micr. SOC. p. 264. 8. excavatu, d’orb., Flint, 1899, Rep. US. Nat. Mus. (1897) p. 296,

Our specimen is sinall and very thin-shelled, somewhat

Lagoon, Funafuti ; very rare.

pl. xvi. figs. 19-21.

p. 106, pl. v. fig. 2 ; WOodcUts, figs. 2 a, b.

pl. 41. fig. 5.

resembling S. iinpressa, Terquem, but quite regular in shape. Sample 14 (16 fathoms).

FROM THE LAGOOX AT FUNAFUTI. 171

SPIBOLOCULINA NITIDA, d ’ O i b < p y , V N ~ . POVEOLATA, Eyger.

8piroloculina foaeolata, Epger, 189.3, Abhandl. bayer. Akad. Wiss., math.-phys. C1. ii. vol. xviii. p. 224, pl. i. figs. 33, 34. SpirolocuZina nitida, #Orb. (reticulate variety), Nillett, 1898, Journ.

R. Nicr. Soc. p. 266.

This is a very interestiiig variety which has been recorded from the Mauritius, the Malay Archipelago, and t h e 8. Pacific. It is well developed at Fuiiafuti, b u t in the external form perhaps more nearly resembles X. planulata (Lam.).

(Pl. 19. fig. 4,)

Lagoon, Funafut i ; common.

SPIROLOCULINA IORTUOSA, sp. nov. This curious form somewhat resembles S. hinel ln of Egger *,

but is more regular in shape, and is of the S. excavata type. The sutural edges of‘the central series of chambers are strongly con- torted. The extremities of the test reseniblc those of S. impressa, Terquem. Length .6 millim.

Sample 5 (24 fathoms); sample 16 (19 fathoms) ; sample 17 (12 fathoms).

SPIROLOCULINA AXTILLAltUM, d’ Orbigiy. SpSpiroZocuZina antillarum, d’orbiguy, 1839, in Sagra’s Cuba, Foram.

The ‘ Challenger ’ collectiouv yielded this species from only

It is rare at Funafuti, aud appears t o be nearly related to the

Lagom, Funafut i ; rare.

SPIROLOCULINA URATA, Tequenz. L&iroZocuZina grata, Terquem, 1878, M6m. SOC. 0601. I<’rance, s6r. ;{,

S. grata, Terq., Egger, 1893, Abhandl. bayer. Akad. n’iss., math.-

This is one of the moat frequent species o t the genus in T h e specimens found

Sample 18 (75 fathoms).

(PI. 19. fig. 5.)

Lagoon, Funafuti j frequent.

p. 149, pl. xi. figs! 3, 4.

one station i n the S. Atlantic, at 350 fathoms.

form S. grata, Terquem. Sample 18 (7$ fathotiis).

vol. i. p. 55, pl. x. figs. 14, 15.

phys. C1. ii. vol. xviii. p. 424, pl. i. fig. 39.

shallow-water sands of the coral-reefs. here are typical i n form aiid size.

Abhandl. bayer. Akad. Wiss., rrmth.-phgs. C1. ii. vol. xviii. p. 223, pl. i. figs. 24,25.

172 MR. I?. CHAPMAN ON FORAMINIFERA

Lagoon, Funafuti. Sample 1 (10 fathoms); sample 13 (26 fathoms) ; sample 17 (12 fathoms) ; sample 18 (74 fathoms).

SPIBOLOCULINA TENUISEPTATA, Brady. SpiroZoculina tenuiseptata, Urady, 1884, Rep. Chall. vol. ix. p. 153, pl. x.

S. tenuiseptata, Brady, Egger, 1898, .lbhandl. bayer. Akad. Wiss.,

S. tenuiseptata, Brady, Millett, 1898, Journ. R. Nicr. Soc. p. 265. The occurrence of the above species in the lagoon-material is

further evidence that i t occurs in shallow water as well as in deeper ; for Millett has lately recorded it from the S n c h o r Muds of the Malay Archipelago in depths of 12-14 fathoms. The ' Challenger' specimens were obtained from depths of more than 500 fathoms.

Lagoon, Funafut i ; very rare. Sample 1 (10 fathoms) ; sample 2 (155 fathoms).

figs. 5, 6.

math.-phys. C1. ii. vol. xviii. p. 223, pl. i. figs. 48, 49.

The specimens from Funafuti are typical.

SPIROLOCULINA ACUTIXARQO, Brady. Spiroloculi?ia acutimal:rlo, Brady, 1884, Tiep. Cha11. vol. ix. p. 154, pl. x.

S. ucutimaryo, Brady, l~alkwill k Kright, 1885, Trans. X. Irish Acad.

S. amtimaryo, Brady, Egger, 1893, Abhnndl. bayer. Aka& Wiss.,

S. acutimaryo, Brady, Nillett, 1388, Jonru. R. Micr. SOC. p. 264. As a rule t h e Funafut i speciuiens are small, with exception of

an example from saniple 1. The species is well distributed over tropical areas, and occurs i n shallow aud deeper water alike.

Lagoon, Funafuti ; common in two places. Sample 1 (10 fathoms); sample 17 (12 fathoms) ; sample 18 (74 fathoms).

figs. 12-15.

vol. xxviii. p. 333, fig. 1.

math.-phys. 01. ii. vol. xviii. p. 222, pl. i. figs. 26-28.

MILIOTJNA, Williamson [1858].

MILIOLINA VALVIJLARTB (Reuss) . Trilomli?za valvulari, Reuss, 1861, Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Gesellsch.

MtXolina ualvulark (Reuss), Brady, 1884, Rep. Chdl. vol. ix. y. 161,

M. valvularis, Rrady, Goes, 1894, Kongl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl.

M. valvularis (Renss), Millett, 1898, Journ. R. filicr. SOC. p. 501, pl. xi.

vol. iii. p. 85, pl. vii. fig. 56.

pl. iv. figs. 4, 5.

vol. xxv. p. 115, pl. xxii. fig. 871.

figs. 5-7.

FROM THE LAGOON AT PUNAFL-TI. L T 8

M. valvulavis (Reuss), Flint, 1899, Rep. US . Nat. MIUR., Rep. for

The Funafut i specimens me very siuall iknd occur in t h e deeper

Lagoon, Fnnafut i ; rery mrc. Sample 10 (26 fa thoms);

1897, p. 299, pl. 44. fig. 5.

part of the lagoon.

sample 11 (25 fathoms).

MILIOLINA CIRCULAR 14 (Bornenarcnn). Triloculina circuluris, Borntwaiin, 1853, Zeitscbr. deutscli. geol.

Miliolina circularis (Born.), Epger, 1893, ribhandl. bayer. Akad. Wiss.,

M . circularis (Born.), Jones, 1893,Pal. SOC. Mon., Crag Forani. p. 121,

M. circiduris (Born.), Nillrtt, 1898, Jooiu. I?. Micr. SOC. p. &B, pl. xi.

M . circularis (Born.),Flint, 18M. Rep. U. S. Sat. AIuz., Rep. for 1897,

A species met with oft’ C’uba and the coast of Australia, amongst Millett had lately recorded it from t h e Malay

Tho bilocriline form of t h e species occurs in the

Lagoon, Funafuti ; specimens rather small. Sample K

Gesellsch. vol. vii. p. 349, 1’1. xi\. fig. 4.

math.-phys. C1. ii. vol. xviii, p. 235, pl. ii. figs. 61-63.

pl. v. fig. 4.

figs. 1-3.

p. 298, pl. 44. fig. 1.

other localities. Archipelago. lagoon at Funafuti.

(26 fathoms) j sample 18 (7d fathoms).

MILIOLINA LABIOSA (d’ Orbipy) . Triloculilza labiosa, d’orbigny, 1839, 111 d:tgm‘s Cuba, Forwni. p. 178,

Miliolina labiosa (d’Orb.1. Millett, 1898, .Tourn. I:. RIicr. SOC. p. 402,

M. Zubiosa (d’Orb.1, Flint, 1899, Rep. ITS. Nat. Mus., ILep. for 1897,

This wild-growing form i b not unfrequeiit in one of the It here appears to f u r m a

Lagoon, Funafuti. Sample 17 (12 fathoms); sample 18

pl. X. figs. 12-14,

pl. xi. figs. 8, 9.

p. 299, pl. 45. fig. 3.

samples from the Funafut i lagoon. link between Miliolina valvtilaris and Nubecularia nnJafa.

(73 fathoms).

MmIoLrNa SUBROTUND L (Monfaga). Vermiculum subrotundum, BIontago, 1803, Test. Brit. pt. 2 , p. 221. Miliolina subrotunda (Mont.), BIillett, 1896, Jouni. R. Nicr. SOC p. SOL’. M . subrotunda (Mont.). l%it, 189‘3, Re!). U.S. Nat. Mus.. Rer. for

1597, p. 299, pl. 44. fig. 6.

174 MR. F. CHAPYAN ON FORAYINIFERA

The specimens found a t Funafut i are characteristic. Lagoon, Funafuti. Sample 17 (12 fathoms) ; sample 18

(73 fathoms).

MILIOLINA TRICAPINATA (d’Orbigny). Triloczclina tricnrinata, d’Orbiguy, 1826, Ann. Sci. Nat. vol. vii. p. 299,

Miliolina trtkwinata (d’Orb.), Millett, 1838, Journ. R. Micr. SOC. p. 502. M. tricarinata (#Orb.), Flint, 1899, Rep. US. Nat. ~IuE., Rep for

The type form of this species is not common here, and varien

Lagoon, Funafuti. Sample 1 (10 fathoms) ; sample 4

No. 7.

1897, p. 298, pl. 44. fig. 4.

somewhat in size.

(23 fathoms) ; sample 18 (7: fathoms).

MILIOLINA TRICARINATA (d’ Orb.), var. TERQUEMIANA, Brady. Niliolina Terpeniiana, Brady, 1884, Hep. Chall. vol. ix. p. 166, pl. cxiv.

fig. 1 a, b. M. tricarinatu (d’Orb.), striate variety, Millett, 1898, Journ. R. Micr.

SOC. p. 503, pl. xi. figs. 10, 11. This variety is distinguished by the numerous interrupted

s t r i s with which the surface of the tes t is covered. It was rare in the ‘ Challenger ’ collections, off Ceylon and the coast of ;Madagascar ; but has been fouud not uncommon in the Malay Archipelago by Millett.

Lagoon, Fuuafuti. Sample 17 (12 fathoms); sample 18 ( 7 4 fathoms).

MILIOLINA TRICAEINATA (d Orb.), var. BERTHELINIANA, Brady. Xiliolina Berthaliniuna, Brady, 1884, Rep. Chall. vol. ix. p. 166,

M. tricariitntn (d’orb.), reticulated variety, Millett, 1898, Journ. R.

This shalloa-water form is usually rare, aud occurs in two


p1, cxiv. fig. 2.

Micr. Soc. p. 503, pl. xi. fig. 12.

+ample5 only, near the rim of the atoll at Funafuti.

(7+ fathoms).

MILTOLINA RETICULATA (d’ Orbzglzy). Triloculina reticlcluta, d’orbigny, 1826, Ann. Sci. Nat. vol. vii. p. 299,

so. 9. illiliolina ( Triloculina) reticulata, d’orbigny, Egger, 1893, Abhandl.

hayer. Abed. Wiss., math.-phyii. C1. ii. vol. sviii. p. 239, pl. ii. figs. 83, 84.

FROM TEE LAGOON AT EIJNAFUTI. 175

Quinqueloculitta t-eticulata (#Orb.), Schlumberger, 1893, AIBm. Sm. Zool. France, vol. vi. p. 214, fig. 25, k pl. ii. fig. 62.

Miliolina wticulata (d'Orb.), Flint, 1899, Rep. U.S. Nat. Mus., Rep. for 1897, p. 301, pl. 46. fig. 5.

This species ocvurs not uncomr~~only a t Funafuti. The specimens from the l.igooii votiiprisc both the triloculine and the quinqueloculin e forms.

Lagoon, Funafuti. Y:cinple 1 (10 fathoms) ; sample 17 (12 fathoms) ; sample 18 (7f fathoms).

MILIOLINA UNDOSA (Karrer) . Qzcinqueloculinn i d o w , Karrer, 1867, Sitztingsb. .\I:. Wiss. W'itLn,

vol. Iv. p. 361, pl. iii. fig. 3. Milioliiza undosa (Iiarrer), Egpr, 1893, Llbhaiidl. baper. Ak. Wiss.,

math.-phys. C1. ii. vol. xTiii. IJ. 237, pl. ii. figs. 41, 4?. M. undosa (Karrer), Jlillett, 1898, .Jouni. R. Rlicr. SOC. 1). 506, pl xii.

tigs. 5 a-c. M. ui~dosa (Iinrrer), Flint, 1899, Rep. U.S. Nat. Jins., l k p . for 1897,

p. 300, pl. 45. fig. 4. This species varies coiixidcrahly in Xize in different parts of

the lagoon, and attniiis its largest dimensions in 1% fathoms near the lagoon-in argiii.

Lagoon, Funafuti. Sample 1 (10 fathoms) ; sample 4 (23 fathoms); sample 17 (13 f'ithomw); sample 18 (7; fathoms).

MILIOLINA I'ARKXRL, BTwdy. Miliolina Parkeri, Brad?, 1881, Rep. Ohall. vol. ix. p. lii, pl. vii. fig. 14. M. l'arkwi, Brady, Millett, 1898, Journ. R . Rlicr. SOC. p. 507, pl. xii.

Although this form i H widely distributed, it appears to be


figs. 4 a, b.

restricted to the aeighbourhood of coral-rcefs.

(12 fathoms) ; sample 18 (7 ; fathoms).

MILIOLINA FERUSSACII (tl'Orbiyny). QuinqueZomlina Fevussacii, d'Orbigng, 1826, .2nn. Sci. Nnt. 7.01 vii.

p. 301, No. 18 : Nod6le No. 32. Miliolina Ferussacii (d'Orb.), nlillett, 1898, Jourii. R. Micr. SOC. p. 507,

pl. xii. figs. 6a, 6, 7 a, h, c.

This species is very iiumerous in some mmples from the lagoon, but is never found far :way from the margin. The variations From the typical form are very many, and they often approach ,S'ppiroZoczcZina i n the eyansioii and thitining of the test alt-rn~ the

176 ME. F. CEAPMAN ON FORAMINIPEBd

median plane, by which the quinqueloculine form is reduced to a complanate series of chambers.

Sample 1 (10 fathoms) ; [sample 17 (12 fathoms) ; sample 18 ( i $ fathoms).

Lagoou, Funafuti.

MILIOLINA ILQOLUITIKAM (ZOrbigny). Quinyzteloc?rZi?m ctygJutinrins, d’Orbigny, 1839, in Sagra’s CIIba, Forml.

Miliolina agglutinrins (d’Orb.), Egger, 1893, Abhandl. bayer. Akad.

M. ngglutinans (d‘orb.), Goes, 1894, K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. IIandl.

M. ugglutinuns (d’Orb.), Nillett, 1898, Journ. R. b1icr. SOC. p. 608. 3f. CLgglzctinans (d’Orb.), Flint, 1899, Rep. U.S. Nat. IbI~ls., Rep. for

The above form occurs on both bides aud at the extreme margins of the lagoon at Funafuti. It is Aomewhat curious t h a t in S,zmple 1 the tests are of thk X. Zerussacii type, whilst on the opposite side of t h e atoll, in sninple 18, they are all of the form of M. serninulzcm.

Lagoou, Funafuti. Sample 1 (10 fathoms) j sample 18 (74 fathoms).

MILIOLINA LINREAKA (d’ OrbLgizy). Triloculina Linnc.innci, d‘orbigny, 1839, in Sagra’s Cuba, Fornm. p. 172,

Miliolinu Lini~ceurm (d’Orb.), hlillett, 1898, Journ. R. hlicr. SOC. p. 509. M . Liwmnna (d’Orb.), Flint, 1899, Rep. U.S. R-at. Rlus., Rep. for

A single specimeii only was found a t Funafut i in the lagoon- dredgings, bu t it is of frequent occurrence in many of the beach- sands o f t h e atoll.

p. 168, pl. xii. fig$. 11-13.

Wies., math.-phys. 01. ii. vol. xiiii. p. 239, pl. ii. fig. 55.

vol. xxv. p. 110, pl. xix. bg. 848, 1’1. xx. fig. 849.

1897, p. 301, pl. 47. fig. 2.

pl. ix. figs. 11-13.

1897, p. 300, p1. 46. fig. ;3.

Lagoon, Funafuti.

MILIOLLNA B I C O ~ ~ - T ~ ( Wulker 4 Jacobj. Serpuku bicorma, Walker & Jacob, 1798, hdaniu’ Essays, Ktlnmacher’s

Miliolinn b i c o r m (W. k J.), Egger, 18U2,Abhandl. bayer. Akad. Wiss.,

M . bicowais (\V. k J.), Flint, 1899, Kep. U.S. Nat. Mlus., Rep. for 1897,

The specimeiis found here are not very typical. Lagoon, Funafuti. Sample 17 (12 fathoms); saiiiplc 18


ed. p. 633, pl. xiv. fig. 2.

math.-phjs. C1. ii. tol. xiiii. p. 237, pl. ii. figs. 73, 74.

p. 300, pl. 40. fig. 2.

(7j fathoms).

FRO31 TlIg LAGOON IT FUNAFUFI. 177

MILIOLINA ALTEOLINIEOB1\IIS, Brady. Miliolina alveoliiazzifornak, Urady, 1879, Qunrt. .Journ. Micr. Sci,, 11. 6.

rol. xix. p. 54. M. alueolinifornzis, Brady, Eqper, 1893, Abhandl. bager. Almd. Ij’ius.,

math.-phys. C1. ii. vol. xviii. 11. Z32, pl. ii. figs. 17-19. This coral-reef species 1s restricted, in the lagoon-dredgngs, to

t h e margin. They are here sinall, some specimens being qui te minute, measuring ouly *.j miti. , with the exception of a single individual from 8ample 17 (12 fathoms), which IS 2.3 117111. in length.

Lagoon, Funafuti. Sample 1 (10 fathoms) ; sample 17 (12 fathoms); sample 18 (74 fathoins).

MILIOLINA OBLONOA (Monfagzs). Vermicuk~w~ obloiLpinl IIontitgri. 1 SOY, Test. B i t . 1). 522, pl. xiv. fig. 9. Miliolina oblonp (i\lontw:u), Iliipert Jones, 1895, Pal. SOC. Noii.,

M . oblongn (Nont.), bhllett, 1898, Journ. 1:. 32icr. Soc. p. 267, pl. Y .

M. oblon,go (&Iont.), Flint, 1899, Itep. 1j.s. SIit. AILIS., IZrp. fur 1897,

The specimen found is very eloilgate, but otherwise characa-

Lagoon, Funafuti.

MILIOLINA BOUEANA (d’orbignyj . Quinqueloculina Boueann, d’orbigny, 1846,Z”oraui. FOSD. Vienne, p. 293,

Miliolzna Boicmna (d’Oib~piij), (+oE’s. 1891, I<. Sveii.ka Vet.-illiitd.

M. Bozeea?m (dOrb.), Nillett, lt(‘3-, .Tourn. 1:. K c r . Soc. p. 510. A solitary specimen, not quite typicnl, but nearest t o t h e

Lagoon, Funafuti.

MILIOLINA BOSCIANA (cZ’OrbLgyj. Quiiipueloculi?zri Bosciniirr, d’( )rbk q . 1839, in Sagra’s Ciiba, Foram.

11) ). bhllett, 1898, Jour i~ . It. Micr. Suc. p. ?(ij,

The specimens froin Fiinafiiti are of the sniooth-shelled type. and their sutures are not SO dceply iinpresscd as i n the speciineilv figured by Millett.

Crag Foram. p. 120, 1’1. iii. fig?. :;l, 36, k 111. v. fig. 5.

figs. 14 a, b.

p. 297, pl. 13. fig. 3.

teristic. Sanrple 4 (23 fathoms).

pl. xix. figs. 7-9.

Handl. vul. xxv. p. 114, pl. x u . fig. XG5

above species, \\as f o u d i i i the Ingooii-dredgings. Sample 1 (10 fathoms).

(Pl. 1. fig. 7.)

pl. v1. fig. 1.

&INN. JOURN.-ZOOLOG~, VOI,. YxvIIr. 13

178 ME. F. CHAPXIAN ON FOllAUTRIFERA

Lagoon, Funefuti 8ample 17 (12 fathoms) ; sample 18 (i$ fathoms).

MmroLrNA FUNAFUTIENSIS, S]). nov. (PI. 19. fig. 6.) Test elongate, distirictly triangular, eometimes with a well-

marked keel ; aperture slightly prolonged. Surface widi delicate, sligbtly oblique, vertical striations.

The above form is of the type o f iff. o b l o q a and near M, Bosciana; i t is distinEuished chiefly by the triangular contour in cross-section. The striations are finer and more regular than those seen i n the striated rarietr of M. Bosciann *.

Lagoon, Funafuti. Sample Z (10 fathoms) : sample 17 (12 fathoms); sample 18 (74 fathoms).

MILTOLIN~ scitoBiccLvr L, Brndy. Miliolinn scrobiculata, Brady, 1884, llep ('liall. t01. ix. p. 173, pl. cxiii.

This rare form is probably a depauperated variety of M. bicornis. It mas found originally in Ahore-sand from Madagascar, and at Nares Harbour at 17 fathoms (Brady). The individual fonod x t Funafuti is characteristic but small.

Length .5 mm.

figs. 15 a-c.

Lagoon, Funafuti. Sainple 17 (12 fathoms).

Subfamily H A u E R I N I N B.

HAUERTNA, d'Grbigny [1846].

HAUERINd ORNATISYTMA (Earre?'). Quinpeloculina ornatissimn, IZarrer, 1868, Ritzungsb. Mi. Wiss. Wien,

The specimens found in the lagoon are confined to the samples They are all very small, with one

Lagoon, Funafuti Sample 1 7 (12 fathoms) ; sample 1s

vol. lviii. p. 151, 111. iii. fig. 2.

from near the margin. exception from Sample 17.

(73 fathoms).

Subfamily P E iv li: R o P 1, I D I N B.

CORNUSPIRA, S c l d f z e [1S54].

CORNUSPIRA INVOLVENB, Reziss. Operctclinn i i iuol ims, Renss, 1fl50, Uenhschr Akad. Wiss. IVien, I 01. i.

p. 370, pl d V l . fig. 20. __ - _ _ ~ __ ___

* See Millett, Joum. X. Micr. Soc. 1898, 11. 38, 111. '11. fig. 3 (NzZloZi,in

Bosc U L I I U , cost& \cuietg).

FROM 'TIIE L A W O N AT PUSAFUTI. 179

C'oimspirn inaoli e m , Reuss. 1863, Sitzungsb. hkad. Wiss. Wien, vol. xlviii. p. 39, pl. i. fig. 2 .

C. incolvens, n e w s , Flint, 1899, Rep. U.S. Nat. Nus., Rep. for 1897, p. 303, pl. 48. fig. 3.

The above species is reprcseiited here by some rather dnarfed or immature examples.

Lagoon, Funafuti. Sample 17 (12 fathoms) ; sample 18 (7$ fathoms).

PENEROPT,~ h, X m z f f o r f [lSOS].

PENEROPLIS PERl'U\US (If'!Wskf?/). -Vnictilus pei?uszis, For-lhl, I i 7 5 , Descr. h i m . 11. 12.5, 110. 65. Peneroplis pertums (Fo~shXl), Mobius, 1W0, Foram. 1011 JIuritiu..

P. pn ' tz tsz ts (Forsli81), Flint, 1 1, Rep. U.S. Sat. Miis., Rep. for l8!)i, 1). 304, pl. 48. fig. 4.

The forms of Peneroplis, usually regarded as varieties of a single species, are clearly related, but possibly do not show a inore complete series of pawage-forms tliau rnaup other so-called species of Foraminifera. The specimens found at Funafut i fall iiito three groupsr-iiaiiirly, the nautiloid form with dendritiiie apertures, the compresscd iiautiloid aud prolengthened form, and t h e delicate crosier-shaped t! pc (subgenus Monnlysidium). The first-named is by fnr the coiinnonest form fouud at Funafuti.

Lagoon, Funafuti. Sample 1 (10 fathoms) ; sample 17 (12 fathoms) ; samplc 18 (74 fiibhon~s).

p. 7S, pl. iii. figs. $)-12.

PESEROPLIS ARIETINU~ (Bcctsck). Nmctzlus (Litum) nrwtt1m9 (ptr>), Ihtsch, 1791, Conch. See-saiideu,

1) 3, pl. vi. fig. 15, c. wc, Pa~lrrr, Jones S: Brady, 1PG5, Ann. S JIng. Nat.

IIist. ser. 3, ~'01. n i . p. 26, pl. i. fig 18. P. pertzcans (Foidi.), t>pc c, Lhndy, 1P84, Rep. Chall. Tnl. iy. p. 204,

pl. aiii. figs, 18,19, 41. The rectilinear portion o f the hrrier in our specimens some-

times 5hows n, tendency to curbe eitlier i n a a r d or outward This type is evolrecl froin nn emaciated P. pertzc.sus by t h c unrolling of the last coil or NI of chambers.

Lagoon, Puiiafuti. S:tmple 17 (12 fathoms) ; sariiple 18 ( 7 + fnthomq).

180 MR. F. CHAPMAN ON FORAMIhrlFER.I

PENEROPLIS (MONALYSIDILJM) (?) IJOLITUS, Chapmm. fig. 8.)

Pmeroplis (Monnlysiditinnz) politus, Chapman, 1900, Journ. Liiin. Soc.. Zool. vol. xxviii. p. 4, pl. i. fig. 5.

The specimen now figured, from the FunafLiti lagoon, is n weak, thin-shelled peneroplid, and would probably end in a lengthened series such as the specimen previously figurcd, mhich however had lost its initial series.

(PI. 19

Lagoon, Funafuti.

PENEROPLIS (MONALYSIDIUM) CTLINDRACEUS (Lumarck). Sl2irolina (SpiroZinites) cylindmceci, Lamarcli, 1801, Ann. du iUus6uni.

vol. v. p. 245, no. 2. Pmeroplis pertzcsm (Forsk.), type d, Biady, 1884, R t p Uhall. vol. ix.

p. 305, pl. xiii. figs. 20, 21. The slender tests composed of a sinall spiral and a long chain

of subglobular chambers are frequent in one sample froin the lagoon. The surfaces of the chambera are relieved Mith delicate vertical stris, which under R high power cau be resolved into rows of minute tubercles.

Sample 18 (7$ fathoms).

Lagoon, Funafuti.

PENEEOPLIS (MONALYSIDIUM) SOLLA~I, Chajman. Pmerophk (Monulysiditon) Sollasi, Chapman, 1900, J o urn. Li~in. SOL..,

Zool. vnl. xxviii. 17. 3, pl. i. fig. 6. Fragments of the *lender test of this tjipecies were fouud in

the lagoon; they do not, howcvrr, exhibit tlie initial portion of the shell.

Lagoon, Funafuti. Sample 17 (12 fathoms) j sample 1s (72 fathoms).


ORRITOLITES, Lamarck [1801].

ORBITOLITES MARGINALIS ( L m z a ~ c k ) . Ovbulites ?nro;c/iriaZis, Laniarck, 1818, IIist. Nat. A\niiii. sans Vert. vol. ii.

Orbitolifes wmyt'ndi~ (1,niii.). Carpenter, 188:3, Phil. Trsns. vol. clsxiv.

r'. inniyincdis (Lam.), Flint, L809, ltep. U.8. Kat. Mu,., Rep. for Irigi.

This species is very c,haracteristic of the diallow-water dredgingh

(P1. 20. figs. 1-3.)

p 1'36, no. 1.

p. 559, fig. 1.

p. 204, pl. 50. fig. 2 ; pl. 31. fig. 1.

EX031 T H E I A G O O N AT FUNAFUTI . 1s1 of the Pacific Islauds. Out of thirteeii ‘ Challenger’ Stationh, eleven were from the Pacific. It has been found also iii the West Indies, off N a d a ~ r w a r , in the Malay Srchipelago, the Mediterranean, and the Red Sea.

More than half tho specimens from the lagoon at Funafuti appear to have been at one time attached by a face of the shell to various living orgaiiimis, but chiefly to joints of Halicilzeda. Soiiie esaiuples were actually found in position ou these calcareous plantr. This habit of Orbitolites attachiug itself t o foreign objects i s not unknown, but i t appears to hare only been noticed hitherto in the species Orbitolites complnnata. The specimens thus found upou other organisms are invariably irregularly discoidal, aiicl are generally concsvo-convex in shape. They also have patches of redundant shcll-growth scattered over the surfaces, soiiietmie5 arrnugetl in rndial strigills around the peripheral area.

Lagoon, Funafuti. Sainple 1 (10 fathoms), soiiie of the >pecuiieiis beautifully smooth and regular, others concave or infleied and a i th retluiitlaut p a t c h of shell-growth on the surfaces (attached variel ies) ; sainple 2 (l5f fathoms), kery irregular and inflexed. spewinens large ; sample 3 (20 fathoms ), irregular speciniens ; sainplc 4 (23 fathoms), irregular specimens ; sample 5 (24 fathoms), irregular spccimcns ; sample 7 (24 fathoms), very irregular specimens j sample 8 (26 fathoiiiq), a regular specimen; salliple 14 (16 fathoms), irregular spt ti- men? ; harnple 15 (It) fatlioiiis), an irregular speciuieu ; sample 17 (1 2 fathoms), both regu1:ir and irregular speciiiienb ; sample 18 (7; fathoms), regul:~~. a d Irregular speciuieiis.

CO\1 PI, 4 U I I I , Ll/WZllT?k..

Odn’tolifes conyilnnntrc, 1,auiai &, 1801, Sgst. haim. sails Vert. p. : V G . (1. complmzatrc, Lam., ISggt~r, le(c33, hbhaudl. bayer. Aliad. \Vlar.,

matll.-ph?s. GI. ii. LO]. x ~ i i i . 11. 249, pl. iii. fig. 40. Although rarer than the foregoing species, 0. conLylanata IS

Common aud fairly typicd in two of the lagoon samples. ‘l’ho variety plicatcc of Dana” is found in some abundance in the sand from the lagoon beach at Funafuti, but it does not occur

* Xurgznuporn terfrbntlz\, Blrtinville, x m - . p h c d n , J. I). Dana, 1848, Wllkes’ U.8. Ehpl. EYped., Rep. 2oo)ilr. 11. 3N;, 111. 60. fip. !I, 0 ( f , / I .


in the dredgings. should be altogether wanting in these foraminifera1 deposits.

(15$ fathoms).

It is somewhat surprising that 0. duplex

Lagoon, Funafuti. Sample 1 (10 fathoms) ; sample 2

Paoiily ASTRORHIZIDB.

Subfamily R H A B u a M 11 I N I N ,E.

HYPERAMMINA, Brady [1878].

HYPERAXMINA RAMOSA, B m d y . Hyperanimina mmosa, Brady, 1879, Quait Jourii. Nicr. Sci., n. s.

vol. xix. p. 33, pl. iii. figs. 14, 15. H. Tamosa, Brady, Goes, 1893, Arctic and Scand. Foram., Sv. Vet.-Ak.

Handl. vol. xxv. p. 18, pl. iv. figs. F1, 61. H. ramom, Brady, Flint, 1899, Rep. 1J.S. Sat. Mns., Rep. for 1897,

p. 270, pl. 11. fig. 1. It is unusual to meet with this species in low latitudes, but it

has already been recorded by Go& from the Pacific and the Caribbean Sea; and by Flint from Cape Hatteras and the Gulf of Mexico.

The specimens from Funafuti lagoon exhibit the primordial segment, and the test is yellowish browii and composed of very slender and minute calciaponge-spicules.

Lagoon, Funafuti. Sample 15 (19 fathoms).

SIGENINA, Chapnian [1900].*

SAUENINA FRONDESOENS (Bmdy) . Sagenella jmndescens, Bmdy, 1879, Quart. .Journ. Micr. Sci., 11. s.

vol. xix. p. 41, pl. v. fig. 1. S. jkondescens, Brady, 1884, Rep. Cha11. vol. iu. p. 278, pl. xxviii.

figs. 14, 15. Sangeizina frondescens (Brady), Chapman, 1900, J O L W ~ . Linn. SOC.,

Zool. vol. xxviii. 11. 4, pl. i. figs. I , 2 ; pl. ii. figs. 1, 2. This is one of the most characteristic and widely spread

organisms both of the lagoon and the outer reef. It is an attached form, and makes its growth usually upon the fronds of Halinaeda, but is also found growing upon other objects which present B

suitable surface for the purpose.

* Sagenella, Brady, 1879, name preoccupied for a genus of l’olgzoa, see Journ. Lmn. SOC., 2001. v01. xxviii. 11. 4.

FROM THE LAGOON AT FUNAFUTI. 183

Uulike the other Foraminifera, this form is conspicuously absent from dredging3 taken immediately inside the rim of the atoll on the opposite sides of the lagoon, aud iucreases 111 uumbers and character towards the middle of the lagoon.

S. frondescens is apparently restricted t o the 8. Pacific. Lagoon, FuuafLiti. Sample 3 (20 fathoms); sample 4 (2.3

fathoms); sample 5 (2E fathoms); sample 6 ( 2 1 fathoms); sample 7 (24 fttthoms); sample 8 (26 fathoms); sample 9 (25 fathoms) j sample 10 (26 fathoms) ; sample 12 (23 fathoms) ; sample 14 (16 fatlion1.i); sample 15 (19 fathoms); sample 16 (20 fathoms).

Faiiiily LITUOLID,E.

Subfainily L I T IJ o r, I N c.

p L A C O P \ T l ~ I h L, d’O?*hgny [1850].

PLACOPSILINA C E X O M ~ N A , d’0rhigny. Placopsili/za cenomnna, d’Orbipg, 1850, Prodr. PalBont. I 01. ii. p. 186,

No. 758. This species is not D coinmoil form, but it is generally distri-

buted in tropical a d subtropical areas. It was found by thr 6 Challenger ’ a t five or six statious amoilpt the coral-reefs of the Pacific.

The specimens found in the lagoon at Funafuti are ty~)ical. The test sometimes branches towards thc end.


HADDONIA ‘rORRESIk>SSIS, Chal)VLfl?l.

Haddonia TorrrsiPnsis, ( kqnr~an , 1898, Journ. Linn. SOC., Zool. vol. xxvi. IJ. 452, p1. xxviii. figs. 1-5 and woodcot p. 453.

H. Towesiensis, Chapurnn, 1900, Journ. I h n . Soc., Zool. vol. xsviii. p. 6.

The particular part of the lagoon where this species appears t o thrive best is iiear t)lie middle, from sample 10, nud four miles froin the nearest reef; a t this place the Hnddo iak hare a peculiar habit of shelteririg between the fronds of Huli,))aeda, and, by adhering a t various points to the joints, cement them into a more or less coherent inass.

184 MR. F. CHAPMAN ON FORAYIKIFERA

Lagoon, Funafuti. Sample 6 (21 fathoms) ; sample 7 (24 fathoms) ; sample 10 (26 fathoms) ; sample 11 (25 fathoms); sample 14 (16 fathoms); sample 15 (19 fathoms) ; sample 16 (20 fathoms); sample 18 (78 fathoms).

Subfamily T R o C H A M Y I N I N a.

CARTERINA, B m d y [1884].

CARTEEINA SPICULOTESTA (Carter). Rotalia spiculotestu, Carter, 1877, Ann. Ikag. Nat. Ilist. ser. 4, vol. xx.

p. 470, pl. xvi. ; ibid. 1879, ser. 5, vol. iii. p. 414; ibid. 1880, ser. 5,

Carterina spiculotesta (Garter), Brady, 1884, Rep. Chall. I 01. ix. p. 346,

C. spicubtestn (Carter), Millett, 1899, Journ. B. IIIicr. SOC. p. 365. This curious little organism, although resembling l'roclramminu

in general form and outline, conslructs its test of minute calcareous spicules of a fusiform shape. The primary whorls of the test are usually strongly coloured a deep reddish bronn, presumably by the sarcode ; the last whorl or so of the shell is more often white, although in one example (a fully gposii specimen from Funafuti) is strongly coloured to the periphery. The little spicular bodies appear to be somewhat felted together in the central part of the test in each segment, but lie more or less parallel along the outer borders.

C. spiculotesta has been found in the Gulf of Suez, the Red Sea, the Gulf of Manaar, the Malay Archipelago, and the S. Pacific. It ia normally adherent, and is found attached to Halinzedu and Lithothanznion at Funafuti.

Lagoon, Funafuti. Sample 10 (26 fathoms) j sample 11 (25 fathoms) ; sample 13 (26 fathoms) ; sample 15 (19 fathoms) ; sample 16 (20 fatholnh).

vol. v. p. 452.

pl. xli. figs. 7-10.

Family TEXTULARIIDB.

Subfamily T E S T u L A 11 I I N ~ E .

TESTULARIA, D e f k n c e [1824].

TEXTULARIA FOLIUM, Parker 4 Jones. Tertuluria folium, Parker k Jones, 1866, Phil. Trans. vol. clv.

pp. 370, 420, pl. xviii. fig. 19.

FROM TUE LAGOON AT FIThbFUTI. l b 3

Y‘. foliuna, P. S: J., Jlocbius, 1380, Foram. Mauritiur, p. 92, pl. viii. figs. 16, 17.

The principd localities for this delicate little species are situated in the Pacific, wlicre it is found iu the shallow water of coral-reefs. It has also occurred a t Mauritius, Bass Strait, Torres Strait, and Melbourne.

Lagoon, Funafuti.

TEVTULARIA CONICA, JOrbiguy. Teatulnriu conicn, d’orbiguy, 18:39, in Sa~gra’5 Cuba, Foram. p. 143,

pl. i. figs. 19, 20. T. conica, d’Orb., Hgger, 1 ), Ibhandl. bayer. Alk . Wiss., math -

phys. C1. ii. vol. xviii. 11. U.:, yl. \ i. fig5.. 34-36. T. conicn, d’orb., Flint, 18!):), Itcp. U.S. Nat. Mur., Rep. for lhW,

p. 285,111. 29. fig. 6 . This common and widely distributed species is best represented

in the lagoon in the saniples clobe to the rim of the atoll. I n all cases they are rather undersized.

Lagoon, Fuuafuti. Siiniple 1 (10 fathoms) ; sample 4 (23 fathoms) ; sample 1 4 (16 fathoms); saiuple I7 (12 fathoms); sample 18 (7; fatlionis).

8aiiiplc 1s (7% fathoms).

TE;\TULAlLIA 12UGOYA (&!PUSS).

Plec(zniu?n ~ z ~ y o a u m , lteua., 1869, Slt~angsb. M i . IViss. Wien, bol. 111. p. 453, pl. i. figs. 3 n, b.

Te.iticZaiia ,?cqosu (Hellsa ), Iq’liiit, 1899, 1Zep. U.S. Kat. hIus., Rep. fur 1807,p. 284,111. 29. fig. 2.

This striking coral-reef species ih \\ell represented in the lagoon dredgings. It is one of’ the exceptions to the rule that the best developed specimens occur l i eu chc margin ot the lagoon, for extraordiuarily large esaiiiplcs were found in samples 6 and 15, at 3 and 1; i d e s re.pectively from the edge. One of these measures 5 inui. 111 length ; mhcreas the usual leiigth of large specimens I S 2 mni.

Lagoon, Funafuti. Sample 1 (10 fathomu); aample 2 (15$ fathoms) ; sample 6 ( 2 1 fathoms) ; sample T (24 fathoms) ; sample 15 (19 fathoms); minple 17 (12 fathoms); sample 18 (72 fathoms).

V E R ~ L U ~ L I N A , tl’0rbigny [ 18WJ

VKENEUILINA ~ P I N U L O ~ A , Reuss. Ve?-neuiZiiaa spinulosci, lteuss, 1849, Denkscl~r. i lk. lviss. \I ien, vol. i.

p. 347, pl. xltii. hgs. 12 a-c.

186 MR, F. CHAPMAN ON FORAMINIFEBh

V. spinulosa, Reusr, Egger, 1893, Abhnndl. bayer. hk. Wiss., C1. ii.

The lagoon specimens are below the average size. The examples from dredging5 farthest from the margin of the lagoon have lost their delicate Rpines, which seems t o prove that they have been carried in, in coinmon with many other species, by the action of currents.


vol. xviii. p. 281, pl. vii. figs. 11, 14-16.

VALTULINA, d’Orblg9iy.

VALTULINA DAVIDIANA, Chaynaan. Valvulinn Dnaidinna, Chapman, 1900, Journ. Linn. Yoc., Zool.

A fully developed example of this interesting species was found

Lagoon, Punafuti.

vol. xxviii. p. 9, pl. i. tig. 4.

near the margin of the lagoon. Sample 18 (7; fathoms).

CLA4TULINA, d’orbig?&?J [1826].

CLAVULINA PARISIEJHIS, d’ Orbigny. Clavulina Pavisiensis, d’Orbigny, 1826, Ann. Sci. Nat. rol. vii. p. 268,

C. Puriszensis, d’Orb., Flint, 1899, Rep. U.P. Bat. Nns. , Rep. for 1897,

The specinren found in the lagoon is a very neat example with

Lagoon, Funafuti.

No, 3 : Mod8le No. 66.

p. 289, pl. 35. figs. 2, 3.

the sutures of the chambers perfectly distinct. Sample 1 (10 fathoms).

Subfamily B u L I M I N I N 13.

BOLIVINA, d’Orbigny [1839].

BOLIVINA PUNCTATA, d’orbigny. Bolivina punctata, d‘orbignp, 1839, Foram. Am&. h k i d . p. 01, pl. viii.

B. punctata, d’Orb., Flint, 1899, Rep. U.S. Nat. Nus., Rep. for 1897,

A single speci~nen of this delicate form was found in the

Lagoon, Funafuti.

figs. 10-12.

p. 292, pl. 38. fig. 1.

central part of t h e lagoon. Sample 9 (25 fathoms).

FILOM TIIK IJAGOOK AT FUNAFUTI. 1s7

BOLIVINA LIMBATA, Brocly. Bolivina limbatn, Urady, 1881, Quart. Journ. Miw. Hci., 11. 8. ~ o l . xsi.

A typical example of this species was fouud near the margin

Lagoon, Funafuti.

BOLIVINA TORTUOSA, B ~ a d y . Bolitina tortuosa, Bracly, 1881, Quart. Jourii. Rlicr. Sci., 11. s. vol. xxi.

B. tortuosa, Bracly, Egger, 1893, Abhandl. bsyer. Xli. Jb s . , mitt1i.- phys. C1. ii. vol. xviii. p. 298, pl. viii. f igy . 43, 44.

A widely distributed form in warm areas. The specimen from the lagoon is rather below the average size.

Lagoon, Funafuti. Saniple 18 (74 fathoms).

p. 57.

of the lagoon. S:wple 18 (7$ fathoms).

p. 57.

Paniily LAGESIDX:.

Subfamily 1’ o L Y M o a Y H I A- I > A.

SAGEINA (d’Orbiyzy, 1b39) eiiienti. Parker 4 Jones [ LSG3].

SAGRINA RAPHA~YUY, Parlier 4 Jones. Uuigerznu (Sugrina) r ~ y h z n n s , l’arker S: Jones, 1865, Phil, Trail>.

vol. c h . p. 364, pl. xviii. tip. lti, 17. S+hogenemna (8ugrinu) r u p / u ~ ~ ~ u s , 1’. S: d., Egger, 1893, Abhandl.

bayer. ilk. Wiss., mntli.-phjs. U1. ii. vol. xviii. p. 317, pl. ix. fig. 36. I n common with the otherr true reef -loving Foraniiniferd,

this species is confiiied to ~aiiiples f r o u the niargin of the lagoon.

Lagoon, Funafuti. Sample 1 (10 fathoms) ; sauiplc 17 (12 fathoms); sample 18 (73 fathoms).

Family GLOBIGERIWIDB.

GLOBJOERINA, d’0rbigny [1826].

GLOBIGERINA BULIIOIL)BS, d’0rbigil.y. Globigerina bulloides, d’Orbigny, 1826, Ann. Sci. Nat. vol. 1 ii. p. 277,

G. bulloides, d’Orb., Fliut, 1899, Kep. U.S. Kat. MIIS., Xep. for ldR7,

The conditions under wliicli these specimen^ lived are not

No. 1 : Modkles, Kos. 17 & 76.

p. 321, pl. 69. fig. 2.

188 MR. F. CBAPhIAN ON FORAMINIFERA

favourable to the growth of this pelagic foraminifer, for the specimens found are all below the usual size and are restricted to the lagoon-margin.

Lagoon, Funafuti. Sample 2 (154 fathoms); sample 17 (12 fathoms); sample 18 (79 fathoms).

GLOBIGERINA BULLOIDES, d'orbigny, Tar. TRILOBA, Reuss. Globigerina triloba, Reuss, 1849, Denkschr. AIL Wiss. Wien, vol. i.

G. biclloides, d'Orb., var. trilobn, Reuss, Brady, 1884, Rep. Chall. vol. ix.

This variety accompanies the type form in two out of the Similarly these are small


p. 374, pl. xlrii. figs. 11 rc-e.

p. 595, pl. lxxix. figs. 1 ,2 ; pl. lxxxi. figs. 2, 3.

three occurrences in the lagoon. starved specimens.

(79 fathoms).

Family XOTALIIDB.

Subfamily S P I n. I L L I N I N IE.

QPIRILLINA, Ehrenberg [1S4l].

SPIRILLINA TUBERCULO- LIMBATA, Chapnaun. +iri/lirm fzcber.cz~Eo-litr~bata, Chapman, 1900, Journ. Linn. SOC., Zool.

vol. xxviii. p. 11, pl. 1. fig.9. 8n-c.

Although in general form this is like Spirillina iizmpz4ali5, Brady, the two faces of the test are differently decorated to that specieu, there being no tubercles on the inferior face. It is confined t o oiie poiut near the lagoon-margin.

Lagoon, Funafuti.

SPIRILLINA HPIXIQEI~A, Chapman. Spirillitza qiniyem, Chapman, 1900, Journ. Linn. SOC., Zool. vol. xxviii.

p. 10, pl. i. figs. 7 a-c.

The material from the lagoon afords us many additional specimens of this interesting form. The specimen (fig. 9) showing the long spinous decoration appears to belong t o the megalospheric type of shell; whilst the larger forms, which by the way are more numerous, and which have a thiuner peripheral edge, serrate rather than spinous (fig. lo), are presumably nbicrosp heric.

Sample 18 (7; fathoms).

(Pl. 19. figs. 0 & 10.)

Lagoon, Funafuti. Sample 28 (71 fathomb).

FROM 'SlIE LAGVON A T FUNAFUTI. 1 sn

Subfamily R o T A I, I I N

CYMBAI~OPOI~A, €€aye?zocc; [18503. CYMBALOPOEA POEYI (d'Orbiyny). Rosaliriu Poeyz, d'orbiguy, 1539, Foram. Cuba, p. 100, 111. iii.

figs. 18-20. Cymbalopora Poc,yi (d'Orb.), Egper, 1803, Abhandl. bityer. Ali. If%>.,

math.-phys. C1. ii. ~ 0 1 . xviii. p. 381, pl. xviii. figs. 31, 52. C. Poeyi (#Orb,), Flint, 1 1, Ilep. U S . PI'at. Jlus., liep. fur 1897,

p. 326, pl. 72. fig. 1. When living, tbe central part of the test of this species is

usually of a rose or red-brown tint. The specimens from the lagoon are invariably white, and those from uear the middle of the lagoon are discoloured nud yellowish-brown. This leads one to conclude that these and many other forms are not actually living in the lagoon, but are carried in by ocean currents.

The depressed variety sometimes found accoiupauyiug the typical forms is here very rare.

Lagoon, Funafuti. Saiuple 1 (10 fathoms) ; sample 14 (26 fathoms); sample 16 (20 fathoms) ; sample 17 (12 fathoins) ; sample 1s (74 fathoms).

C Y N B A L ~ P O ~ L ~ T.4BI~Ll~.EEURMIS, B m d y . Cynzbaloporn tnbelk@fortiiis, I-irady, 1884, Rep. Cliall. vol. is. p. 637,

pl. cii. figs. 15-18. C. tabel l~for~vzis , Brady, I.;pger, 18%$ .\bhmidl. bayer. hB. Wiss.,

math.-phys. C1. ii. vol. xviii. 11. 382, p1. xviii. figs. 54, 55.

The specimens from tbc lagoon are typical but rather small. The species is chiefly l a o i v u from the coral-reefs of the islands of the Pacific, and it nlso occurs OK Mauritius.

Snlnple 18 ( T i fathoins). Lagoon, Funafut,i.

CYMBALOPOI~A (TRETON1>RAkr,USj BULLOIDES (rl'Oi.bigny). Rosalinn bzclloidm, d'Orbipii~-. 1839, Foraiii. Cuba, 1). 104, pl. iii.

Tretornphalus bulloides (11" hbigng), Miibius, 1880, Foram. AIauritius;

Cymbcdopoiz ( 7 ' r * P t o ? t q h / i r s ) brtlloide.q (d'Orb. 1, RradJ, 1384, Ilrp. Chnll. vol. ix. p. 638, pl. cii. fig?. 7-12,

C'. bzdloides (d'Orb.), I':pge~, 1893, Abhandl. bayer. Ak. Wisp., mat1i.- phys. C1. ii. vol. sviii. p. 381, pl. sv i i i . fig. 5:s.

It is very probable 1-hat the exsinples found in the lagooli have floated in by the action of' currents, especially since this for111 ir

figs. 2-5.

p. 98, pl. X. figs. 6-9.


iisually found near the surface of the ocean. of the normal size.

(7a fathoms).

Our specimens are

Lacoon, Funafuti. Sample 17 (12 fathoms); sample 18

DISCORBINA, Pnr7cer 4 Joizes j1862).

DISCORBINA ARAUCANA (d’orbigny). Rosalina araucam, d’orbigny, 1839, F o r m . Am&. MBrid. p. 44, pl. vi.

Discorbina a:aurnna (d’Orb. j, Egger, 1893, Abhandl. bayer. 811. Wiss.,

A single specimen, rather m a l l , was found in the lagoon. Lagoon, Funafuti.

DISCORBINA RUGOSA (d’Orb&wy). Rosalina w~gosrc, d’orbipy, 1830, Foram. h m h . M6rid. p. 42, pl. ii.

Discorbiiia ruyosn (d’Orb.), Egger, 1893, Abhnndl bayer. Mi. Wiss., math.-phys. Cl. ii. \ol. xviii. p. 383, pl. sv. figs. 1-3.

D. rugosa is not uncommon in the lagoon dredgings. One of the specimens is coloured a warm-brown.

Lagoon, Funafuti. Sample 10 (26 fathoms) ; sample 14 (16 fathoins) ; sample 17 (12 fathoms); sample 18 (7% fathoms).

figs. 16-18.

math.-phyq. C1. ii. T 01. xviii. p. 386, pl. xiv. figs. 4-6.


figs. 12-14.

DISCORBINA OLOBLTLARIS (d’orbigny). Rosnlina globrclaris, d’Orbigny, 1826, Ann. Sci. Nnt. vol. vii. p. 271,

pl. xiii. figs. 1-4 : Mod8le No. 69. Discoibi9za globularis (d’Orb.), Flint, 1899, Rep. U.S. Not. Mus., Rep.

for 1897, p. 327, pl. 72. fig. 9. Our specimens are somewhat variable in size, and the species

is not uncommon in the lagoon. Lagoon, Funafuti. Sample 10 (2G fathoms); sample 15

(19 fathoms) ; sample 16 (20 fathoms) ; sample 17 (12 fathoms) ; sample 18 (7 i fathoms).

DISCORBINA SAULCII (d’ Orbigny). Rosaliiaa Saulcii, d’orbigny, 1839, Foram. hni6r. & k i d . p. 42, pl. ii.

Discorbina Saulcii (cl’orb.), Parker ,k Jones, 1872, Quart. Jouni. Geol.

D. &iuZrii (d’Orb.), Epger, 1803, A h w l l . bayer. Ak. Wiss., ninth.-

The specimen irom the lagoon is characteristically flattened

figs. 9-11.

SOC. vol. xxviii. p. 166.

phys. C1. ii. vol. sviii. p. 392, pl. xv. figs. 51-63.

FROU ‘THE L L O O O N A’T FUNAFUTI. 191

on the superior face, and tlie colour of the shell is not unlike that of D. m y o s a .

Lagoon, Fuiiitfuti. h iu1Je 17 (12 fathoms).

DIscoRsrNA CUNC INN A , B)‘n4c/. Discorbinu comi,znn, Bmdg, 1W4, 1Lep. C h d . vol. is. p. 646, 111. sc‘.

figs. 7, 8. D. eoncima, Rmdy, Egper, 1893, Abhaudl. bayer. A4k. Tl’iss., math.-

phys. C1. ii. vol. xviii. p. Y%, 111. sv . tip. 22 24. In addition to the localities for this spccies given by Bradg,

the ‘ Cnazell. ’ collected it fr.m Cape T’erde, Mauritius, and West of Australia.

Sainple 1 7 (12 fathoms). Lagoon, Fuuafirti.

D IS CORDIN A

Rosnlina 15!ardehocitm, ~I’OrLigiiy, 1PS9, Formi. iirn6r. Ma id . 1). &4.

Discorbina Vilnrdeboann (d’Orb. 1, Egger, 1893, Abhandl. bayer. . i k .

This form in conimoii \-it11 the other Discorbiim was foulid at

Lagoon, Funafuti.

DISCOBBINA rILEor,trs ((i’Orh<qn,y). V~lvulinu pileolzcs, d’orbigug, 1839, Forani. hiii6r. M6rid. 1). 47, pl. i .

Discorbinn pileolzcs (d’orb.), Epger, 1893, ;Iblinndl. bager. Alr. WiiFi., math.-phys. C1. ii. vol. xviii. p. 390, 111. xv. figs. 61-6:l.

This species is a well-knosn form from t h e Pacific; and is frequent in shallow-water dreclgings in tropical and subtropical areas.

I L ARDE DO 4N A ( (1’ o?‘hi.glZy) .

pl. vi. figs. 13 -15

Wiss., niath.-pliys. C1. ii. vol. xviii. p. 387, pl. SJ-. figs. 13-15.

the lagoon-margin. Sample 18 (7h fathoms).

figs. 16-17.

The Funafu t i speciineiis are typical but not common. Lagoon, Fuuafuti.

DIsconsrnh OHBICULARJS (?k i .penz ) . Rosnlina orbiculuiis, Terquain, 1876, h i m . sur 1% l’lsge de Dunkerqiit:,

Discaldina orbiculuris (Terq.), Egger, 1893, Abliaudl. bayer. -41~. Wiss,,

This is well represented in point of ~ ~ u n i b e r s , and the specinieiin A solitary specimen occurrcd Lieu tlie miil,llfL

Lagoon, Funafuti. Sumplc 8 (26 fathoms) ; sample 1 7


1’. 7 5 , pl. ix. t i p . 4 a, 6.

])lath.-phys. C1. ii. vol. xviii. p. 339, pl. xv. figs. 16-18, 76-78

are fairly typical. of t he lagoon.

(12 fathoms) : sample 18 (74 fathoms).

192 ME. F. CHAPMAN ON FORAMINIFERA

DISCORBINA TUBEROCAPITATA, Chupmun. Discorbina tuberocnpitatn, Chapman, 1900, Jo~irti. Linn. Sac., Zool.

val. xxviii. p. 11, pl. i. figs. 9a-c. This striking form is not RO uell developed i n the lagoou

samples, as in the shallow-water dredgings on the outer part of the reef.

Lagoon, Funafuti. Sample 11 (25 fathoms) ; szimple 13 (26 fathoms) ; sample 16 (20 fathoms).

DISCORBINA BA~ZESCENS, Brudy. Discorbina rnrescens, Urady, 1881, Rep. C‘hnll. 1-01. ix. 1’. (i51, pl. xc.

D. rarescens, Bmdy, Egger, 1893, Abhandl. bayer. .ZB. IVibs.. math.- figs. 2, 3, and 4 ‘i

phys. C1. ii. vol. xviii. p. 388, 111. xv. figs. 43-47. The species which have undoubtedly lived in the lagoon are

not nuinerous, and apparently thc prcseiit form is an example wliich has adapted itself to those conditions. It appears to grow attached to the surfaces of other organisms such a s HuZimedrr.

Brady records this species from the Philippines and Torres Strait, and Egger from West Africa and Western Australia.

Lagoon, Funafuti. Sample 4 (23 fathoms); sample 6 (21 fathoms) ; sample 13 (26 fathoms); sample 14 (16 fathoms); sample 16 (20 fathoms) ; sample 17 (12 fathoms).

PLANORBULINA, d’ O r b i p y [18213].

PLA~ORBULINA MEDITERRANENSIS, d’orbigny. P‘lnnorbulinu Meditewuneiasi, d’orbigny, 1826, Ann. Sci. Nat. vol. vii.

p. 280, pl. xiv. figs. 4’6: Nodele No. 79. P. iMeditewanensis, d’Orb., Egger, 1893, Abhandl. bayer. Ali. M’iss.,

math.-phyi. C1. ii. ~ o l . xviii. p. 380, pl. xiv. figs. 24-26. P. Mecliterraneitsis, d’Orb., Goes, 1894, Kougl. Svenska Vet.-&.

Handl., xol. xxv. No. 9, p. 91, pl. xv. fig. 786. P. Meditermnensis, d’Orb., Flint, 1899, Rep. U.S. Nat. ,IIus., Hep. for

1897, p. 328, yl. 72. fig. 6. This species has a wide geographical distribution. It has

already been recorded from the Pacific Occan. The lagoon specimens are small and arrested in their growth, and are very ltke the specimen figured by GO& to which reference is given above.

Lagoon, Funatuti. Sample 1 (10 fathoms): sample 13 (26 fathoms) j sample 18 (7; fathoms).

F R O M THE LAGOON A T FUNAFUTI. 19::

PLANORBULINA LARTATA, Parker 4' Jones. Planorbulina vulgaris, var. lnrvnta, Parker & Jones, 18G0, Ann. Map.

P. Zarunta, Parker 6 Jones, 1866, Phil. Trans. vol. clv. p. 379, pl. xix.

P. larvata, P. k J., Epger, 1803, hbhandl. bayer. Ak. Wiss., math.- phys. C1. ii. vol. xviii. p. 189, pl. xiv. fig. 31.

Amongst the several planorbuline forms this is one which possesses most individuality, the speciniens being nearly all characteristic.

Lagoon, Punafuti. Sample 1 (10 fathoms); sample 4 (23 fathoms); sample 6 (21 fathoms) ; sample 7 (24 fathoms) ; sample 8 (26 fathoms).

PLANORBULINA LARVATA, P a r k e r 4 Jones, var. CBISPATA, nov.

This is a curiouR abeimnt form in which the several series of chambers have been added to in a semicircular manner, instead of a discoidal, giving rise t o a curled or semilunar-shaped test. Greatest length 2.2 mm.

Nat. Hist. ser. 3, vol. v. p. 294.

fig. 3n, 6 .

(Pl. 20. fig. 5.)

Lagoon, Funafuti.

PLANORBULINA ACERVALIS, Brady, var. FINBRIATA, nov.

This example differs from the usual form in having the peripheral series of chambers separated and slightly flattened and squared a t the extremities, producing a kind of fringe around the discoidal test. The central area is smoother than usual, but shows a certain amount of acervuline segmentation forming a superficial series of chamberlets.

Sainplr 5 (24 fathoms).

(PI. 20. fig. 4.)

Diameter 1.4 mm. Lagoon, Funafuti. Saiiiple 8 (26 fathoms).

TBUNCBTULINA, d'Orbiyny [1826!.

TRUNCATULINA TARIABILIS, d'Orbigny. Truncatulina sariccbilis, d'Orbigny, 18i?G, Ann. Sci. sa t . vol. vii

p. 279, No. 8. 7'. variubilu, dOrb., Egger, 1893, Abhandl. bqe r . Ak. Wiss., math.-

phys. C1. ii. vol. xviii. p. 404, pl. xvi. figs. 57-59, 63, 64.

Our specimen was fouiicl at soiue distance from the edge of the li~goou ; and the test being of EL brown tilit in the ceiitral portion appears to poiut to tlir conclusion that the organism was living in situ.

LINN. JOURK.-ZOOLOGY, YOL. kSV1II. 14 Lagoon, Funafuti. Sniriplc 13 (2G fathoms).

194 MB. F. CHAPMAN ON FORAMINIFERA

TILUNCATULINA PYQMACA, Hanfkelz. Trumatulina pygmea, Hantken, 1875, Mittheil. Jahrb. ung. geol.

T. pygrncea, Hantken, Egger, 1893, Abhandl. bayer. Ak. Wiss., math.-

T.pygmcen, Hantken, Flint, 1899, Rep. U.S. Nat. Mus., Rep. for 1807,

This is a species of Truncatulina usually confined to deep

Lagoon, Funafuti.

Anstdt, vol. iv. p. 78, pl. x. fig. 8.

phys. c‘1. ii. vol. xviii. p. 400, pl. mi. figs. 60-62.

p. 334, pl. 77. fig. 6.

water. Sample 17 (12 fathoms).

TFLUNCATULINA UNGERIAKA (d’orbigny). Botalina Ungeriana, d’orbigny, 1846, Forain. Foss. Vienne, p. 157,

Truncatuliian Ungeriarla (d’Orb.), Flint, 1899, Rep. U.S. Nat. Mus.,

This species is represented by a rery small specimen from the

Lagoon, Funafuti.

TEUNCATULINA HOSTBATA, Brady. Truncatulina rosfrata, Brsdy, 1881, Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. vol. xxi.

T . rostrata, Brady, 1884, Rep. Chall. vol. ix. p. 668, pl. xciv. fig. 6u-c.

The test of this species differs in having a peripheral slit-like aperture in addition to the normal truncatuline orifice. This form is restricted almost without exceptiou to the coral islands of the Pacific.

Lagoon, Funafuti. Sample 1 (10 fathoms); sample 4 (23 fathoms) j sample 14 (16 fathoms) ; sample 17 (18 fathoms); sample 18 (71 fathoms).

pl. viii. figs. 1G-18.

Rep. for 1897, p. 333, pl. 77. fig. 2.

lagoon. Sample 16 (20 fathoms).

n. s. p. 65.

TBUNCATULINA BETICULATA (Czjze&). Rotalina reticulata, Czjzek, 1848, Haidinger’s Naturw. Abhandl. vol. ii.

Truncatulina (Rotalina) reticulata, Czjzek, Egger, 1893, Abhandl. bayer. Ak. Wiss., math.-phys. C1. ii. vol. xviii. p. 402, PI. xvi. figs. 4244.

Planorbulina veticulata (Czjzek), Goes, 1896, Bull. MUS. Comp. Zool. Harvard, vol. xxix. No. 1, p. 72.

Truncatulina Teticulata (Czjzek), Flint, 1899, Rep. U.S. Nat, Mus., Rep. for 1897, p. 334, pl. 78. fig. 3.

p. 145, PI. xYL figs. 7-9.

FBON THE LAQQON AT FUNAFUTI. 195

This pretty little species is found in one sample only from the

Lagoon, Funafuti. lagoon. The specimens are of normal size.


ANOMALINA, d'Orbiyny [1826].

ANOMALINA AMNONOIDEN (Reuss). Rosalina nmmonoides, Reuss, 184.5, Verstein. biihm. Icreide, pt. i.

p. 36, pl. xiii. fig. 66, pl. viii. fig. 63. Anomalina (Rosalina) anamonoides, Reuss, Egger, 1893, Abhandl.

bayer. Akad. Wiss., math.-phys. C1. ii. vol. xviii. p. 378, pl. xiv. figs. 35-37. A . ammonoides (Reuss), Flint, 1899, Rep. U.S. Net. Mus., Rep. for

1897, p. 335, pl. 78. fig. 4. This widely-distributed species is here represented by a small

solitary specimen. Lagoon, Funafuti. Sample 17 (12 fathoms).

CABPENTICRIA, Gray [1858].

CARPENTERIA PROTEIFORMIS, Gob. (Pl. 19. fig. 11.) Carpenteria balnnifornais, vnr. proteiformis, Goes, 1882, I<. Svenska

Vet.-Akad. Handl. vol. xix. No. 4, p. 94, pl. vi. figs. 208-214, pl. vii. figs. 215-219.

C. proteiformis, Go%, Brady, 1884, Rep. Chall. ~ o 1 . ix. p. 679,pl. xcvii. figs. 8-14.

C. proteiformis, Go&, 1896, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, vol. xxix No. 1, p. 74, pl. vi. figs. 8-17.

Both examples found in the lagoon are attached to joints of Halimeda.

Lagoon, Funafuti. Sample 6 (21 fathoms); sample 7 (24 fathoms).

CAEPENTERIA UTRICULARIS, Carter. Polytrema utriculare, Carter, 1876, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 4,

Cnrpenteria utricularis, Carter, 1877, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 4,

C. utricularis, Carter, Epger, 1893, -4bhondl. bayer. Mind. Wiss.,

C. utricukaris, Cnrter, Chapman, 1900, Journ. Linn. SOC., Zool. vol.

This species, like the preceding, appears to prefer the quieter


vol. xvii. p. 810, pl. xiii. figs. 11-16.

vol. xx. p, 176.

math.-phys. C1. ii. vol. xviii. p. 438, pl. mi. fig. 18.

xxviii. p. 12, pl. 2. fig. 4, pl. 4. tiga. 3, 4.

itreas of the lagoon. It was found attached t o Halimeda.

14!*


PULVINULINA, Parker Jones [1862].

PULTINULINA BEPANDA (Pichtel 4 Moll). Nautilus repandus, Fichtel & Moll, 1803, Test. Rlicr. p. 35, pl. iii.

Pulvinulina repanda (F. & &I.), Egger, 1893, Abhandl. bayer. Ak.

P. repaizda (F. & &I.), Goes, 1896, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard,

P. repanda (F. 6: N.), Flint, 1899, Rep. U.S. Nat. Nus., Rep. for

A full-sized specimen of the above occurred in the lagoon

Lagoon, Funafuti.

PULVINULINA OBLONC~A (Williamson). Rotalina oblonga, Williamson, 1858, Rec. Foram. Gt. Brit. p. 51, pl. iv.

Pulvinulina oblonga (Williamson), Egger, 1893, Abhandl. bayer. Ak.

The specimen found in the lagoon is a very delicate thin- The ‘ Challenger’ obtained i t from the South

It has a

figs. a-d.

Wiss., math.-phys. 01. ii. vol. xviii. p. 405, pl. xviii. figs. 34-36.

vol. mix. no. 1, p. 75,

1897, p. 328, pl. 73. fig. 8.

dredgings. Sample 3 (20 fathoms).

figs. 98-100.

Wiss., math.-phys. C1. ii. vol. xviii. p. 415, pl. xvii. figs. 23-26.

shelled example. Pacific in depths varying from 17 to 275 fathoms. wide geographical distribution.


ROTALIA, Lnnzarcb [1804].

ROTALIA BECCARTI (LinnQ). Nautilus Beccarii, Linni., 1767, S p t . Xat. 12th ed. p. 1162; 1788,

ibid. 13th (Gmelin’s) ed. p. 3370, no. 4. Rotalia Beccarii (L,), Egger, 1893, Abhandl. bayer. Ak. Wiss., math.-

phys. C1. ii. rol. xtiii. p. 420, pl. xix. figs. 25-27. R. Beccarii (L.), Flint, 181-19, Rep. U.S. Nat. MIUS., Rep:for 1897.

p. 331, pl. 75, fig. 2. This species is commonly found iu temperate seas, but it is

not confined to them. The specimens from the lagoon have the characteristic brown stain of the sarcode remaining with them, and have therefore probably lived where they mere found.

Lagoon, Funafuti. Sample 1(1O fathoms).

CALCAELINA, d’0rbigny [1826j.

CALCARINA HisPIDA, Brady. Calcarirra hispida, Brady, 1876, l’roc. K. Irish Acad. ser. 2, vol. ii.

p. 690.


C. cnlcar, var. hispidu, Carter, 1880, Snn. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 5,

C. hiqida, Brady, 1884, Rep. Chdl. vol. ix. p. 713, pl. cviii. figs. 8, 9. This is one of the commonest of the smaller Foraminifera i i i

the lagoon. From its low specific gravity and form it seems to be carried in large numbers to quite the centre of the lagoon. That it does not live there is evident from the fact that the specimens from samples taken a t considerable distance from the lagoon shore are invariably stained of a muddy brown and are partially weathered or decomposed.

Sniiiple I (10 fathoms); sample 2 ( l 5 i fathoms); sample 4 (23 fathoms); sample 5 (24 fathoms); sample 6 (21 fathoms); sample 7 (24 fathoms); sampie 8 (26 fathoms) ; sample 14 (16 fathoms); sample 15 (19 fathoms) ; sample 16 (20 fathoms) ; sample 17 (12 fathoms) ; sample 18 (7+ fathoms).

vol. v. p. 453.

Lagoon, Funafuti.

CALCARINA DEFRANCI~, d'orbiylty. Calcatina Defrancii, d'Orbigny, 1826, Ann. Sci. Nat. vol. vii. p. 276,

C. Defrnncii, d'Orb., Brady, 1881, Rep. Chall. vol. is. p. 714, pl. cviii.

This generally rare form is found in one sample only in the

Lagoon, Funafuti. Sample 1 (10 fathorns).

pl. xiii. figs. 5-7.

fig. 6 U-C.

lagoon.

Subfamily T I N o P o E I N B.

TINOPORUS, Xoizffort [180S!, eniend. Cnrpizfer [1860].

TINOPORUS BACULATUS, 1VOntfOYt.

Tinoport6s buculatzts, Jlontfort, 1808, Conchyl. Syst. vol. i. p. 146,

T. baculatzcs, Nontf., Carpenter, 1860, Phil. Trans. p. 557, pls. xviii., xix. T. bnculntrcs [Montfort ?], Carpenter, Rrady, 1884, Rep. Chall. vol. ix.

p. 716, pl. ci. figs. 4-7. This species undoubtedly attains to its fullest development in

the shallow waters of the Soutli Pacific. At Funafuti it is re- markably abundant, and the beach-sand of the lagoon is largely composed of this species. It is rare, however, in the waters of +he lagoon, and occurs in three samples only.

Sample 1 (I0 fathoms) ; sample 11 (25 fathoms) ; sample 18 (7; fathoms).

37c genre.

Lagoon, Funafuti.


GYPSINA, Curter [1877]. BYPSINA OLOBULUS (Reuss). Cerivpora globulus, Reuss, 1847, Haidinger's Naturm. Abliandl. vol. ii.

Gypsinu globulus (Reuss), Uhlig, 1886, Jahrb. geol. Reichsanst. vol. xxxvi. p. 197, figs. 7-9.

G. globulus (Reuss), Brady, Parker st Jones, 1888, Trans. Zool. SOC. vol. xii. p. 229, pl. xlvi. fig. 13.

Some very fine examples of this species occur in the lagoon dredgings. They vary very much in size, the diameter of the test ranging from 5 inm. t o 3.6 mm. The smallest specimens came from the middle of t h e lagoon.

Lagoon, Funafuti. Sample 1 (10 fathoms); sample 2 (154 fathoms) ; sample 4 (23 fathoms) ; sampie 6 (21 fathoms); sample 7 (24 fathoms) ; sample 11 (25 fathoms); sample 12 (25 fathoms) ; sample 13 (26 fathoms) ; sample 14 (16 fathoms) ; sample 18 ( 7 i fathoms).

p. 33, pl. v. sg. 7.

GYPSINA INHERENS (Xchultze). Acervulina inhmens, Schultze, 1854, Organ. der Polythal. p. 68, pl. vi.

Gypsina inharem (Schultze), Brady, 1884, Rep. Cliall. vol. ix. p. 718, pl. cii. figs. 1-6.

G. inhczrens (Schultze), Goes, 1894, K. Svenuka Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. vol. xxv. No. 9, p. 91, pl. xv. fig. 787.

G. inharens (Schultze), Flint, 1899, Rep. US. Nat. Nus., Rep. for 1897, p. 336, yL 79. fig. 6.

The adherent forms of Gypsinu are phenomenally numerous at Funafuti. To reduce the gradational series found there iuto something like order, and keeping in view some central type of structure, it seems convenient t o group the more irregular and acervuline structured organisnis uuder the name of G. inhcerens, reserving the regularly discoidal forms as varieties of the mound- like G. vesiculuris, from which they graduate down t o thin scale-like forms.

Lagoon, Funafuti. Sample 1 (10 ,fathoms); sample 7 (24 fathoms); sample 13 (26 fathoms); sample 14 (16 fathoms); sample 15 (19 fathoms); sample 16 (20 fathoms) ; sample 17 (12 fathoms).

fig. 12.

GYPSINA V E ~ I C U L A R I ~ (Parker 4 Jones). Orbitolina vesiculuris, Parker &L Jones, 1860, Am. Nag. Nat. Illst.

(Pl. 19. fig. 12.)

ser. 3, vol. vi. p. 31, no. 5.


Gypsina vesiculuris (P. & J.)) Carter, 1877) Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 4, vol. xx. p. 173.

G. vesicularis (P. & J.), Egger, 1893, Abhandl. bayer. Ak. Wiss., math.- phys. C1. ii. pol. xviii. p. 382, pl. xiv. figs. 20-23.

This species is usually found accompanying the spherical form G. globulzu, into which it appear8 to graduate, but very rarely. On the other hand, it frequently shows affinities with the thinner varieties, by having a peripheral flange around the mound-like test.

Sample 1 (10 fathoms); sample 2 (154 fathoms); sample 4 (23 fathoms) : sample 5 (24 fathoms) ; sample 6 (21 fathoms); sample 8 (26 fathoms); sample 11 (25 fathoms); sample 1 3 (26 fathoms); sample 15 (19 fathoms); sample 16 (20 fathoms) ; sample 17 (12 fathoms); sample 18 (74 fathoms).

Lagoon, Funafuti.

GYPSINA VESICULAEIS (P. 4 J.), Far. DISCUS, Goks. (Pl. 19. fig. 13.)

Tinoporus vesiculnris (P. tk J.), Goes, 1882, Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl. vol. xix. No. 4, p. 104, pl. vii. figs. 246-247.

Gypsina vesictcluris (P. S: J.), var. discus, Goes, 1896, Bull. Nus. Comp. Zool. Havard, vol. xxix. No. 1, p. 74, pl. rii. figs. 4-6.

Upon this remarkable little variety Dr. (306s wrote as follows * :-

“ A variety closely allied to the type, from which i t differs ouly in its lenticular shape and its more plainly differentiated set of the central cycle of chambers. It is not found affixed. Caribbean Sea, 400 fathoms j scarce.”

This is one of the most distinct varieties of the 0. vesicularis type. The little button-shaped tests are usually depressed in the central region on both sides. It is noteworthy that this form was absent from the samples near the margin of the lagoon, appearing to prefer the quieter waters and at greater depths. This fact is further corroborated by Go&’ record of its occurrence a t 400 fathoms.

Lagoon, Funafuti. Sample 4 (23 fathoms); sariiple 5 (24 fathoms); sample 6 (21 fathoms); sample 7 (24 fathoms) ; sample 8 (26 fathoms) ; sample 10 (26 fathoms); sample 14 (16 fathoms) ; sample 15 (19 fathoms).

* op, cit. 11. 74.

200 MIL. F. CHAPMAN ON FORANINIFERA

GYPBINA VESICULARIS (P. 4 J.), var. YONTICULUS, nov. (Pl. 19. figs. 14 a, b.)

Test attached, roughly discoidal ; the attached surface flat or undulate, and showing the more regular central series of chambers, sometimes spiral, followed by the acervulioe chambers ; the free, superior surface sharply conical in the centre, rapidly sloping t o the level of a thin peripheral flange. Distinguished from the thin wild-growing Planorbulin~ by the absence of peripheral orifices and the entire absence of regularity in the peripheral chambers. Diameter ranging from 2 to 4 mm.

Lagoon, Funafuti. Sample 2 (15$ fathoms); sample 4 (23 fathoms); sample 5 (24 fathoms); sample 7 (24 fathoms); sample 8 (26 fathoms); sample 11 (25 fathoms); sample 13 (26 fathoms) ; sample 15 (19 fathoms) ; sample 16 (20 fathoms) ; sample 17 (12 fathoms).

GYPSINA VESICULARIS (P. 4 J), var. SQUAYIFORMIS, nov. (Pl. 19. figs. 15 a, b.)

Test thin, normally attached, encrusting surfaces of organisms. Full-sized specimens measure about 3 or 4 nim. in diameter. Shell consists of a single layer of acervuline chambers. The paper-like fragments of the test of this variety are sometimes very numerous in the shallow-water sands, both within and outside the lagoon.

Lagoon, Funafuti. Sample 3 (20 fatlioms); sample 4 (28 fathoms); sample 5 (24 fathoms); sample 7 (24 fathoms); sample 8 (26 fathoms); sample 13 (26 fathoms); sample 16 (20 fathoms) ; sample 17 (12 fathorns).

POLPTREMA, Risso [1826J.

POLYTILEMA MINIACEUM (Pal las) . MiZZepora miniacea, Pallas, 1766, Elenchus Zoophytorum, p. 251. P. mininceum (I,.), Goes, 1896, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard,

vol. xxix. No. 1, p. 75. P. miniaceurn (Pallas), Chapman, 1900, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. vol.

xxviii. p. 16, pl. 4. fig. 7. This species is found living in the lagoon in some abundance,

but it never attains to the size which it does outside the atoll, usually measuring only 2 mm. across. It is geuerallp found attached to joints of Halimeda.

Sample 1 (10 fathoms); sample 6 (21 Lagoon, Funafuti.

FROM THB LAGOON AT FUNAFUTI. 201

fathoms) ; sample 7 (24 fathoms) ; sample 10 (26 fathoms); sample 11 (25 fathoms); sample 13 (26 fathoms); sample 14 (16 fathoms) ; sample 16 (20 fathoms) ; sample 17 (12 fathoms) ; sample 18 (74 fathoms).

POLYTBEMA MINIACEUM (Pallas), var. ALBA, Carter. Pnlytrema miniaceuwi, var. album, Carter, 1877, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.

This variety is generally rare at Funafuti. Lagoon, Funafuti.

ser. 4, vol. xix. p. 213, pl. xiii. fig. 14.

Simple 1 (10 fathoms); sample 2 (15.i fathoms) ; sample 7 (24 fathoms) ; sample 13 (26 fathoms).

POLYTREMA PLANUM, Carfer. (Pl. 20. figs. 6, 7 . ) PoZytrewza planunt, Carter, 187F, Ann. Nag. Nnt. Hist. ser. 4, v01. xvii.

Gylisinu melnbesioides, Carter, 1877, ibid. ser. 4, vol. xx. p. 172. [Full-

G. melobesioides, Carter, 1x80, ibid. ser. 5, vol. v. p. 445. Pnlytrema miniacpunz (P~l las) , var. inzmlm, Chapman, 1900, Joorn.

Linn. Soc., Zool. vol. xxviii. p. 17, pl. 2. fig. 3, and text-figure 2. P. planum, Carter, ChapmRn, 1901, Ann. Mag. Sat. Hist. 8er. 7,

vol. vii. pp. 82, 83. I n my earlier description of the Funafuti specimens, this

particular form was reprded as a variety of the commnn branching type of P. miniaceum, which is distinguished by it8 red colour. Since then I have found abundant specimens of P. plalzuna of very extensive growth on rough reef-specimens from the same collection, which show that the affinities of' P. planurn are rather towards the white variety of P. mniniacezcvz, var. alba, Carter; for in the fresh specimens its test is often of snowy whiteness, not unlike, as Carter rcmarlrs, the sugar- coating on a bride-cake. The cemented reef-specimeus are often discoloured o r yellowish in their tint, but never pink or rose- coloured.

It is exceedingly difficult in some cases to distinguish P. planurn froin certain eucrusting plants such as Lifhotharr~ainrz and Lithophyllum ; and indeed the only distinctive character bebeen Lithophyllunz onkodes and P. planum, when viewed externally, is the preseuce of the iittle grauular conceptacles often, but not always, t o be seen Rtudding the surface of the forms.

Carter's original dewriptioil and figure dealt only with a young or immature grodih, but a comparisou between the type- specimen of the so-called Gypsina melnbesioides at the Natural

p. 211, pl. xiii. figs. 18, 19.

g o w n form, deseription only.]

[Immature growth.]

202 XR. P. CHAPMAN ON FORA?vfINIFERA

History-Museum, South Kensington, confirms the identity of the two forms.

This organism, as I have already shown, is of great importance as a rock-builder, by forming concentric encrustations round fragments of coral and algs. It also plays an important part in cementing loose fragnieots together, by filling crevices and eventually enwrapping several fragments, until they form a solid conglomerate.

I n the lagoon P. planunt is found binding together the separate fronds of Halinaeda as they lie on the lagoon-floor. It is impossible to distinguish P. planum i n the lagoon material without the aid of thin sections made from the accreted fragments for microscopic examination.

Lagoon, Funafuti. Sample 6 (21 fathoms); sample 10 (26 fathoms); sample 11 (25 fathoms) ; sample 12 (23 fathoms) ; sample 14 (16 fathoms).

Family IVUMMUL1P;lDX.

Subfamily P o L Y s T o M E L L I N X .

NONIOBINA, d’Orbigny “261.

NONIONINA DEPRESSULA ( W a l k e r 4 Jacob). Nautilus depressulus, Walker & Jacob, 1798, Adams’ Essays, Kan-

Xouionina depressda (W. & J.), Egger, 1893, Abhandl. bayer. Akad.

This species is rare in the lagoon. Lagoon, Funafuti.

NONIONINA UMBILICATULA (Montagu). Nautilus u?nb&catulus, Montagu, 1803, Test. Brit. p. 191 ; Suppl.

p. 78, pl. xviii. fig. 1. Nouionina unzbilicotuka (Montagu), Egger, 1893, Abhandl. bayer. Akad.

Wiss., math.-phys. C1. ii. vol. xviii. p. 426, pl. xix. figs. 36, 37. This species is more numerous than the preceding, andithe

specimens are as a rule typical. Lagoon, Funafuti. Sample 1 (10 fathoms); sample 41(23

fathoms) ; sample 7 (24 fathoms); sample 8 (26 fathoms) ; sample 11 (25 fathoms).

macher’s ed., p. 641, pl. xiv. fig. 33.

Wiss., mathqhgs. C1. ii. vol. xviii. p. 437, pl. xix. figs. 38, 39.

Sample 13 (26 fathoms) : sample 18 (7; fathoms).

FROM T H E LAUOON A T FUNAFUTI. 203

POLPSTOMELLA, L l W Z U r C k [1822].

POLYSTOMELLA STBIATOPUNCTATA (Fichtel 4 Moll). Nautilus striatopunctatus, Fichtel & Moll, 1798, Test. Micr p. 61,

Polystomella striatopunctata (17. 6- N.), Egger, 1893, Abhandl. bayer.

P. striatopunctata (F. & M.), Goes, 1896, Bull. Nus. Comp. ZOd.

P. striatopunctata (F. t? &I.), Flint, 1899, Rep, U S . Nat. nfus., Rep.

The lagoon-specimens are neat and small. Lagoon, Funafuti.

pl. ix. figs. a-c.

Akad. Wiss., math.-phys. C1. ii. vol. xviii. p. 433, pl. xix. figs. 49, 50.

Harvard, vol. xxix. No. 1, p. 78.

for 1897, p. 337, pl. 80. fig. 2.

Sample 1 (10 fathoms); sample 17 (12 fathoms).

POLTSTOMELLA MACELLA (Fichtal 4 Nollj. NautiLus macellus, var. a, Fichtel ik Moll, 17O8, Test. Micr. p. ‘36,

Polystomella macella (I?. S: &I.), Egger, 1893, Abhandl. bayer. Aliad.

The lagoon-specimens are rather small. Lagoon, Funafuti. Sample 1 (10 fathoms); sample 5 (24

fathoms) ; sample 16 (20 fathoms) ; sample 17 (12 fathoms) ; sample 18 (5’; fathoms).

pl. x. figs. e-*q.

Wiss., math.-phys. C1. ii. vol. xviii. 1). 438, pl. xx. figs. 22, 23.

POLYSTOMELLA CEISPA (Lirc1~6). Nautilus c r i p s , Linu6, 17.58, Syht. Nat. 10th ed. p. 709. Polystomella c r i s p (L,), Egger, M93, Abhaudl. bayer. hkad. Wiss.,

P. crispa (L), Flint, 1899, Rep. U.Y. Xat. Mus., Rep. for 1897, p. 3333,

This occurs very sparingly in the lagoon. Lagoon, Funafuti.

math.-phys. C1. ii. vol. xviii. p. 432, pl. xx. figs. 20, 21.

pl. 80. fig. 3.

Sample 2 (13i fathoms); sample 4 (23 fathoms) ; sample 17 (12 fatliomu).

POLYSTOMELLA SUBNODOSA (Muns te r ) . Robulina subnodosa, Rlunstur, 1838, Neues Jahrb. fur A h . p. 391,

Polystomelkz subikodosa (Muuuter), Beuss, 1855, Sitmngsb. Ak. wiss.

P. subnodosa (Munster), Bmdy, 1884, Rep. Chall. I 01. ix. p. 734, pl. cx.

pl. iii. fig. 81.

W e n , vol. xviii. p. 240, pl. iv. fig. 61 a, 6.

fig. 1 a, 6.

204 NR. F. CHAPMAN ON POUMINIPERA

P. subnodosa (Miinuter), Gobs, 1894, Iiongl. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl. vol. xxv. No. 9, p. 102, pl. xvii. figs. 817-819.

The specimens from Funafuti agree in most respects with those figured by G o e ~ from Novaya Zemlaia and off Newfound- land. By a comparison of the chief characters of the tests of this species and P. striatopunctata, there seems to be a direct affinity between those forms; and it is possible that they represent a single species, of which P. subnodosa is the megalospheric type, with an umbonate centre, and P. striatopunctata the microspheric type, with a depressed centre.

P. subnodosa, as a recent form, has been but rarely found up t o the present, for, besides the localities mentioned above, it has only been found amongst the islands south-west of Papua, at depths of from 6 t o 28 fathoms.

Lagoon, Funafuti. Sample 18 (7; fathoms).

Subfamily K u M M u L I T I N B .

AMIPHISTEOINA, d’ Orbigny [1826].

AMPHISTEGINA LESSONII, d’orbigny. Anydktktegina Lessoiaii, d’orbigny, 1826, Ann. Sci. Nat. vol. vii. p. 304,

A . Lessonif, d’Orb., MIiibius, Beitr. Meeresfauna Insel Mauritius, p. 99,

A . Lessonii, d’Orb., Flint, 1899, Eep. U.S. Ntzt. Mus., Rep. for 1897,

This is the only species of Foraminifera which was obtained from every sample of the lagoon dredgings. It varies in size from a diameter of 6’5 to 3’5 mm. The test is often flexuose on the peripheral edge; and towards the middle of the lagoon it shows a tendency to make abnormal outgrowths, in beak-like processeR near the last series of chambers in adult shells, or as buds around the oral aperture. The test sometimes shows a tendency to become partially attached to a l p , at the oral region, especially in the deeper parts of the lagoon.

I n sample3 1 to 18. Samples 4,6, and 15 yielded the finest specimens.

NO. 3, pl. xvii. figs. 1-4 : Modkle No. 98.

PI. X. figs. 10-14, pl. xi. figs. 1-3.

p. 338, pl. 80. fig. -1.

Lagoon, Funafuti.

FROIL THE LAGOON AT FUNAFTTI. 205

HETEHOSTEGINA, d’0rbig)zy [182ci].

HETEROSTEGINA DEPRESSA, d’0rbiywj. Heterostegina depressa, d’Orbigny, 1836, Ann. Sci. Sat . 1-01. vii. p. 302,

pl. xvii. figs. 5-7 : Mod& No. 99. H. cur21c1, iMObitis, 1880, Beitr. RIeeresfnuna Insel Nauritius, p. lo.-!,

pl. xiii. figs. 1-6. H. depessa, d’Orb., Eggur, 1893, Abliandl. bayer. Akad. IVisQ., math -

phys. C1. ii. vol. nii i . p. 433, pl. XH. fig.. 3-1, 35. H. depressa, d’orb., Goes, 1896, l3ull. Mus. Comp. Zool. IInrvard,

vol. xxix. KO. 1, p. 79. H . dcpressa, d’Orb., Cliapinaii, 1900, Journ. Linn. Suc., Zool. 1.01. XXI iii.

p. 18, pl. 3. figs. 6, 7 .

This spscies is well represented in the lagoon samples, but it

does not occur in a few from near the middle of the lagoon. 11. depressa here ranges from 9 5 mm. to 9 mm. in diameter.

No specimens of the form I5 (microspiieric) occur in the samplew. The largest specimeiis occur in sample 8 (26 fathoms). Lagoon, Funafuti. Sample 1 (10 fathoms); sample 2 (154

fathoms); sample 3 (20 fathoms); sample 4 (23 fathoms); sample 5 (24 fathome); sample ci (21 fathoms); sainple 7 (24 fathoms); sample 8 (26 fatliums) : sainple 9 (25 fathoins) ; sample 10 (26 fathoms) ; sainple 14 (16 fathoms) j sample 1.i (19 fathoms) ; sample 17 (12 fathoms) ; saiiiple 18 (7h fathom,).

I n the annexed synopsis of species from the Funafuti Lagoon the followiug significations are used :-v.r. = very rare. r.=rare, f.=frequeat, c.=coinmon, v.c.=very common. Theae indications are printed in three kinds of type : capitals (T.C.) signifying the specimens are well developed or extra large: ordinary type (v.c.) that the specimens are of normal size; and italics (w.c.) that the specimens are starved or of dimiuicti\r size.

12.

...

13.

--

....

..

v.r.

Nid

eczd

aria

div

aric

ata,

Bra

dy

......

......

...

,, la

cmes

sis,

sp.

nov

. ...

......

.....

Bilo

cdin

ata

obhg

a, #O

rb.

........

........

.....

,, su

bsph

reric

a, d

'0rb

. ...

......

......

,,

riihg

ens (

Lam

arck

). ...

......

......

.. Sp

irol

ocul

ina

robu

sta,

Brd

y ..

......

......

....

,, ex

caua

tata

, $O

rb.

......

......

...

,, si

tida,

$Orb

., va

i-. foveolata,

Egg

er ..

........

........

......

),

fort

uosa

, sp.

nnv

. ...

......

......

,,

antil

laru

m, d

'Orb

. ...

......

...

,, gr

ata,

Ter

quem

...

......

...

,, te

nuis

epta

ta, B

rady

....

.....

,, Zm

j%qa

, nef

ranc

e ...

......

...

,, B

rady

i, M

illet

t ...

......

......

M, .

m

utim

argo

, Bra

dy ...

......

iti

ohna

ual

vula

ris

(Reu

ss)

......

......

......

,,

cim

dari

s (B

orn.

) ...

......

......

...

,, m

hrot

umia

(M

onta

gn) ..

......

......

. ,,

trzc

arin

ata

(d'O

rb.)

......

......

...

,, va

r. Te

rqw

mia

na,

Bra

dy ..

......

. ,,

var.

Ber

thel

isia

na,

Bra

dy ..

....

,, rc

licul

atn

(#O

rb.)

......

......

......

,, labiosa

($O

rb.).

........

..........

.....

r.

v.r.

v.r.

v.r.

V.R

r. f. U.

TABL

E OF

DIN

TR

IBU

TIO

N

OF TEE F

OR

AM

INIF

ER

A

IN THE

L

AG

OO

N.

-

-

1.

2. 3.

4. 5.

6. 7. 8.

9. 10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

24.

I

No.

of

Sam

ple.

N

ame.

-

2. -

...

...

...

...

... ... ...

...

...

...

...

...

...

i.r. ... ...

... ... ...

... ... ..

, ...

...

-

3. -

...

...

... ... ... ...

... ...

...

...

...

...

...

...

... ... ... ...

... ...

... ... ...

-

11. -

...

...

... ... ...

...

...

...

...

...

... ... ... ...

v.r.

...

... ...

... ... ...

...

...

-

16

-

...

...

...

... ... ...

...

...

...

...

... ...

... ... ... ...

...

...

...

...

-

18.

T.R

v.r.

v.r.

v.r.

v.r.

v.

r.

-

v.r.

c. r.

C. C. f.

f.

f. v.r.

f.

r.

f. f.

-

1.

-

14. -

...

...

... ... ... ...

...

... v.r.

...

...

...

...

...

... ... ...

... ...

... ... ...

-

15. -

...

...

... ... ...

...

...

...

...

7.r.

...

...

...

...

..>

...

... ... .,.

...

-

17. -

1..

D.P

. ... ...

...

...

... ...

...

f. r. ...

C. ...

r.r.

r. ...

0. ...

r.

T.R

I 7.

~ 8.

9.

10.

-1- ::: 1 :::

....

..

....

..

....

..

....

..

....

.. I

4. -

...

...

...

...

... ...

...

...

... ...

...

...

... ... ... ... ... ...

'.R

... ... ...

I.T.

6. -

...

...

...

...

...

...

... ...

...

... ... ... ... ...

5. -

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

... ... ... 7.r.

I.

.

...

...

... ...

...

...

.I

.

... ... ... ... u.

r. ...

...

... ... ...

...

...

...

... ... w. ...

... ... ... ...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

... ...

... ...

...

... ...

... ...

...

r.r. ...

... ... ...

...

...

...

...

...

...

... ...

... ... ...

...

... ... ...

...

...

...

...

...

..*

...

...

...

v.r.

...

...

... ...

...

... ... ...

...

... ...

...

...

... ...

... ... ...

... ...

...

... ...

....

..

....

..

....

..

... I ..

. '..

I '..

...

1 ...

... ~ ..'

..

....

...

1 ...

, ...

;I

..

....

. ...

1 ...

I

I,

Mili

oliim

Par

ker&

Bra

dy.. ....

........

.......

,, Fermssacii (d

'Orb

.) ...

......

......

,,

aggl

utiii

aiis

(d'O

rb.)

......

.....

.. Li

nrre

una

(d0l

.b.)

......

......

...

.. bi

corn

is (W

. & J

.) ...

......

......

...

.. al

veol

inifo

rmis

, Bra

dy ...

......

...

.. ob

loiq

n (M

onta

gu)

......

......

......

C. f. f. v.r.

r.

~-

52.

53.

54.

iG.

. --

~

n. I

,, ri

qosa

(R

euss

) ...

......

......

... c

. Ih

rneu

iliib

a sp

iwzd

osu,

Reu

ss .

......

......

.. r.

Fi

ilviil

i?za

Dav

idia

na, C

hap.

...

......

......

...

Ckf

vtdi

na I'

aris

ioss

is, d

'Orb

. ...

......

......

a?.

Gol

iuin

a pi

ucrtn

tu, c

i'Orb

. ...

......

......

......

.. F

tm~f

utie

nsis

, sp. n

ov.

......

...

.. sw

obic

ulat

a, B

rady

....

......

......

.. C

ornu

spir

a in

vol~

~eia

s,

Reu

ss.. .

......

......

......

Pe

nerq

plis

pei

tusi

rs (

Fors

k%lj .

......

......

. ,,

aric

tiizu

s (B

atsc

h) ..

......

......

....

Hui

ieri

izu

ornu

tissi

ma

(Kar

res)

...

...

.. (iW

onal

ysid

ium

) Ppo

litw

, Cha

p.

r.

...

v.r.

...

Orh

itolit

es m

aryi

iutli

s (L

am.)

.....

......

....

.. co

ntpl

anat

a, L

am.

......

......

... F.

C.

f.

Hadd

onia

Tor

resi

ewis

, Cha

p.

......

......

...

Cu

rte~

iiau

spic

ulot

esta

(C

arte

r)

......

......

...

Textitlaria f

oliz

im, P

. & J

. ...

......

......

......

..

coia

icrr

, d'O

rb.

.. ...

......

f.

...

...

...

...

...

7.r.

...

...

...

..

...

...

...

...

...

...

f. ...

f. ... ...

... ...

!.i.

...

w. ...

... ~

...

... , .

.. I

... I .

.. ...

...

...

... ... ...

...

...

...

...

... ...

...

...

...

7.r.

r.

r.r.

r.

7.r.

...

...

...

F. ...

...

-

f. C. ... v.r.

f.

r.

r.

v.r. c. U.?.

C.

v.r. ...

f.

V.1

'. V

.C.

v.r. ...

...

C.

V.C.

r.

v.r.

u.r.

f.

f. f.

r.

r.

1'. V

.I'.

v.r.

V.C

.

v.r.

v.r.

25.

26.

27.

28.

29.

30.

31.

32.

33.

34.

3.5.

36.

37.

38.

39.

40.

41.

42.

43.

44.

15.

46.

47.

48.

19.

50.

61.

...

1.. ... ... ...

...

...

...

... ... ...

...

... ...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

C. ...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

... ... ... ...

...

...

...

....

...

...

... ... ... ...

...

...

..

...

...

... ...

...

...

r.r. ...

C. r.r.

r. ...

1.. ...

'.I.. ...

...

...

... ...

... ...

... ...

...

...

...

... ...

...

...

...

v.r.

...

C. ...

...

... ...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

... ... ... ... ...

...

...

... ...

...

... ...

... ...

C.

... ...

... ...

... ...

... ...

'.r.

... ... ... ... ... ...

... ...

... ...

...

...

...

...

... ... ...

...

...

...

f. ...

...

...

...

...

... ...

... ... ... ... ...

... ... ...

... ...

...

...

...

f. ...

r.r. r. ...

...

...

r. ...

...

...

... ... ... ...

...

...

...

...

...

... I

...

...

...

... ...

...

... ... ...

...

,.. ...

... ... ... ... ...

1.. ... ... ...

... ... ...

...

... ...

...

... ... ... ...

...

...

... ...

...

...

C.

',C.

...

...

...

...

... ... ...

...

...

...

...

...

,..

... ... ...

...

...

r.r. ...

f. ...

...

...

....

..

....

..

....

..

,..

, .._

...

, ...

... 1 .

..

''I.' I .

" f.

1 f

.'

... I .

..

....

..

...

r.r.

...

... v

.r.

....

..

... i

...

...

." [.R

... I

...

... ...

...

...

...

r.

r.

r.

T.Y

. ...

." 1

." ..

..

... 1 :

.. ...

1 ... f.

...

....

. '.c

. r.

'.r

. v.

r. ...

1 ...

...

i ...

....

..

... 1 ..

. ...

, ...

....

..

... 1 .

.. ...

c.

I :::

... I

...

...

...

... ...

c. 0. f.

...

V.C.

f. f. y.r.

....

.. i..

. ..

....

.

TA

BL

E OF D

IST

RIB

UT

ION

(c

ontin

ued)

.

...

-

57.

i8. 9.

3.

il.

i3.

is.

il.

3~ ).

10.

n7.

$3.

6!).

70.

71.

72.

73.

74.

75.

76.

77.

78.

79.

I> -

I.

so.

....

..

....

..

....

..

....

..

....

..

v.1'

.

Nam

e.

I I- I 1. -

Uol

iuin

a li

mbu

fa, B

rady

.....

. .I

...

,, to

rfzc

osa,

Bra

.dy

......

......

......

.....

Sogr

im ru

phon

iis, P

. & J

. ...

......

......

... V.Y.

(flob

igrr

ina

birl

loid

rs, $

Orb

. ...

... ......,..I

...

va

r. tr

iloba

, Rea

ss

i ...

Sp

irill

inrr

t?ch

rrcu

lo-li

iichn

tn, C

hap.

...

... I

...

,, sp

ini,q

eru.

Cha

p. ..

..........

......I

...

,,

,, (T

reto

mph

o1ii.

s) hi

cllo

itles

(#O

rb.)

. . ,

Viw

od

~ii

io nr

awai

m (#

Orb

.) ..

....

....

....

....

,,

ricgo

sm (

$Orb

.) ...

......

......

......

,,

gZoh

iilur

is (d

'Orh

.) ..

......

......

.' ..

.

,, co

vcin

nn, B

rady

....

....

....

....

. 1 ...

,, Vi

lnrd

cboa

na (#

Orb

.)

,, pi

l~ol

m (#O

rb.)

....

,, or

bicu

lnri

s (Te

rque

m)

......

... ~ .

.. ,,

tube

roca

pim

ta. C

hap.

...

......

i ...

,, m

arex

ens,

Bra

dy ..

......

......

.... ~

...

P/an

orhd

ina

Med

ifew

anen

sis,

$O

rb.,

......

r.

,, la

rvat

a, P

. & J

. ....

......

.....

11.r

. ,,

Tar

. cri

spat

u, no

v. ..

...

,, ae

erva

lis,

Bra

dy,

var.

jim-1

hr

iafa

, nor

. ...

....

,, Su

irr%

ii (#O

rb.)

......

......

......

... i ..

.

I 2.

,

3.

4.

I '.'

' .'.

...

I...

...

- --

I

....

....

.

J.Y.

~ ..

....

..

....

...

... ... ... ...

...

...

... ...

...

...

...

...

...

~..

...

...

... ...

...

....

..

....

..

....

..

....

..

....

..

... 1

...

..

....

..

....

..

....

..

....

..

....

..

....

..

....

..

....

...

r.

..

....

...

...

14:

....

.. -

a. -

...

...

... ...

...

...

...

...

...

... ...

...

... ...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

v.r. ...

YI.;

,.,

.I.

I ..'

....

..

....

..

... 1

...

...

... 1 :

:: ..

....

. ...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

r.

r.

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

... ...

...

...

...

r.r

....

..

i

No.

of

Sam

ple.

-

8.

-

...

... ...

...

...

...

...

... ...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

r.r

... ...

...

f. I

I

I v.r

I 11

. 12

. -8- ...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

9.

T. ...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

... ... ..* ... ...

-

13. -

...

...

1.. ...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

... ... ... f.

r.

v.r

I 14

. 1.

5

... ~

...

... 1

...

__

....

..

....

..

....

..

...

...

v.r.

...

...

...

v.

r.

...

... ...

...

...

...

...

v.r. ...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

..r ... ...

...

... ... ...

...

...

-

IG. -

...

I..

I.. ...

... ...

...

Ti

-. ...

...

r.r.

r.r. ... ...

...

...

...

... r.

7.r.

...

-

17. -

...

r.r. f. f. ...

...

1s

.

...

1'. 1.r.

r.

7.

r.

i.r.

...

...

C

.

r.r.

...

-

18.

r.r.

1.

r.

7.r.

f:

f.

f. f. -

'.C*

j:

7.r. f. C. r. f. T.

C.

r.

81 ..

Tri

c?ic

aftk

~i?i

ci

uari

abili

s, d'

Orb

. ...

......

......

,,

pygm

cza,

Han

tken

...

......

...

86.

,, re

ticda

ta (

Czj

zek)

......

......

...

SO.

Aizo

nzal

ina

nnam

oiio

ides

(R

euss

) ....

......

.....

87.

Ccu

peia

teri

a pro

leifo

rmis

, Goe

s ...

......

......

I I

88.

,,

utri

cula

ris,

Car

ter

......

......

...

~ 89

. P7

cZvi

nzdi

mz r

epai

zda

(F. b

t M.)

......

......

...

82.

,, lh

geri

ana

(d'O

rb.)

, , .. ,.

. , , ,,

rost

rata

, Bra

dy ..

......

......

.

o !

90

. ,,

ohlo

irga

(Will

iam

son)

.....

......

. 91

. R

o/nl

ia B

eecn

rii (

Lin

n.)

........

........

....

92.1

Calca

riiar

c his

pida

, Rra

dy ....

..........

.......

- 93

.i ,,

Dqf

>an

cii, d

'Orb

. ...

......

......

...

.

... ... ... ...

... ... ... ...

....

. , . f.

' ...

V.C.

~

V.C.

v.

r. ,

r.

.-

, -

lot,.

' po

~~

,.&

~~

l~r

~~

~

st,,i

aiop

~s~&

tn (F."&

'M.).

...

u.I'

. 10

7.

I,

.i/?a

celL

a (F

. & M

.). .

......

.....

T.

...

108.

,.

&sp

a (L

inn.

) ...

......

......

......

t,.

r 10

9.

,, sv

biio

dosa

(M

iinst

er)

....

....

....

...

110.

il,~

cpR

ict~

giiia

Lr

ssoa

ii, d

Orb

. ....

......

.....

v C.

V

.C

111.8

Hct

erod

egiii

o de

pres

sa, d

'Orb

. ...

......

......

r.

. v.c ...

....

..

....

..

....

..

....

..

... ... ... ...

...

...

...

...

vx.

...

...

...

v.r.

v.

r.

...

... ,

...

....

...

,.. ,

I..

f. ..

...

I ..

....

...

:::

~ ...

..

....

...

...

1'.

...

v.c ...

....

c. ...

I ...

...

I U.

)'. ...

I V.C

. ..*

V.C

. v.

r. ~

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210 ON FORAMINIFERA FROM FUNAFUTI.

EXPLANATION O F T H E PLATES.

PLATE 19. Fig. 1. Nubecalaria diaaricafo, Brady. Lagoon, Funafuti, No. 18. X 16.

2. ,, Zaczmensis, sp. nov. Lagoon, Funafuti, No. 18. X 45. 3. ,, Bradyi, Millett. Lagoon, Fnnafuti, No. 18. X 45. 4. &irolocatina nitzda, dOrb., var. .fovrolafa, Egger.

5. 8. torfacosa, sp. nov. 6. Miliolimc F/h'ra?safzu%wsis, sp. nov. Lagoon, Funafuti, No. 17.

aspect. x 45. 7. M. Boscinna (#Orb.). Lagoon, Funafnti, No. 17. X 30. 8. Penerplis (LM0nd;ysi$iz~7~~) 7 ~ ~ l i t z c . q ?, Chapinan. Lagoon, Funafuti,

9. Syirillina spz'nigera, Chapulna. Form A. Lagoon, Funafuti, No. 18.

10. 8. spinC/errr, Chapman. Form B. Lagoon, Funafuti, No. 18. x GO. 11. Carpenterin pvofe<foirnib, GoCs. Lagoon, Funafuti, No. 6. x 10. 12. Gypsinn vesieidaris (Parker & Jones). Laterd aspect. Lagoon,

Funafuti, No. 8. x 10. 13. G. vesiculnris, var. discisa, GoSs. Edge view. Lagoon, Funafuti,

No. 15. x 10. 14 a, 6. G. vesicuhris, var. ino~&trlu~, iiov. a. sgperior aspect; I ) , side

view. Lagoon, Funafuti, No. 8. x 10. 15 a, I). G. aesicnZa)-ix, var. spuain<formis, nov. a, superior aspect ; b, edge

view. Lagoon, Funafuti, No. 8. x 10.

Lagoon, Funafuti, No. 18. x 30.

Lagoon, Funafuti, No. 5. x 45. G a, oral

No. 18. x GO.

x GO.

PLATE 20.

Fig. 1. OrBitolites wnrginalis (Lam.). Specimen found attached to a joint of Halimeda. Lagoon, Funafuti, No. 17. x 14.

A radially-marked specimen, probably due to the form of the object upon which it rested. Lagoon, Funafuti, No. 17. x 14.

3. 0. marginalis (Lam.). A specimen with secondary thickening of tlie test arranged radially; a parallel case with 0. complanafa, var. plicrcta, Dana.

Lagoon, Funafuti,

Lagoon, Funafuti.

Sections of the organism encrusting

2. 0. innrginulis (Lam.).

4. Plaiiorbnliiia acewalis, Brady, Tar. jinzbriata, nov.

5. P. Iarvata, Parker & Jones, var. criqata, nov. No. 8. x 20.

X 14.

Halimada-joints. Lagoon, Funafuti. x 14. Figs. 6, 7. Polytrema planum, Carter.

Chapman T , T ~ I N SOC Jorm Z OOL Vol XXV-IIT € 1 W

FbpmaLn d n a t dd AHammaud 11th

West Newma i u

FORAMINIFERA FROM ‘I’HE LAGOON, FUNAFUTI.

FORAMINIFETA FROM F U N A F U T I

Foraminifera from the Lagoon at Funafuti.

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Transcript of Foraminifera from the Lagoon at Funafuti.