For the Protection of Power System and its Components 1.
-
Upload
elmer-hudson -
Category
Documents
-
view
216 -
download
4
Transcript of For the Protection of Power System and its Components 1.
![Page 1: For the Protection of Power System and its Components 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/5697bf7b1a28abf838c83856/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1
PROTECTION & SWITCHGEARFor the Protection of Power System and its Components
![Page 2: For the Protection of Power System and its Components 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/5697bf7b1a28abf838c83856/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
FAULTS IN POWER SYSTEM:
Definition : ? Over voltage/Under voltage Over current
Over load, short circuit, Over frequency/Under frequency Phase imbalance/ Single phasing/
Sometimes opens in the circuit Mechanical faults
![Page 3: For the Protection of Power System and its Components 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/5697bf7b1a28abf838c83856/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
PROTECTION ZONES:
![Page 4: For the Protection of Power System and its Components 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/5697bf7b1a28abf838c83856/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
PROTECTION ZONES:
![Page 5: For the Protection of Power System and its Components 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/5697bf7b1a28abf838c83856/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
TYPES OF PROTECTION
Human Earthing
Equipment Different Protection schemes
Unit protection and Non-unit protection
![Page 6: For the Protection of Power System and its Components 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/5697bf7b1a28abf838c83856/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
CLASSIFICATION OF PROTECTION SCHEMES:
In unit type Differential Protection Carrier aided protection,
Non-unit type Over current, over/under voltage,
over/under frequency, distance protection
![Page 7: For the Protection of Power System and its Components 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/5697bf7b1a28abf838c83856/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
WORKING PRINCIPLE OF PSP:
![Page 8: For the Protection of Power System and its Components 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/5697bf7b1a28abf838c83856/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
THE PROTECTION TEAM:
Relays Electrical
Electromagnetic Static Numerical
Mechanical Pressure (Buchholz) Flow Thermal
Circuit Breaker (CB) Air break CB, MCB
(3.6 -12kV, 500 MVA) Bulk oil CB
(Upto 36 kV) Minimum Oil CB
(3.6 – 245 kV) Air blast CB
(145 – 1100 kV, 60 GVA) SF6 CB
(3.6 – 800 kV, 50 GVA Vacuum CB
(3.6 – 36 kV, 2 GVA) Solid state CB
Instrument Transformer
DC batteries
![Page 9: For the Protection of Power System and its Components 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/5697bf7b1a28abf838c83856/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
ELECTRICAL RELAYS:
According to characteristic quantities and application can be classified as:
Over-Voltage, Over-Current, Over-Frequency Under-Voltage, Under-Frequency Directional Power Relay Differential Relay, Distance Relay
Reactance Relay, Impedance Relay, Mho Relay, offset Mho relay, Quadrilateral Relay
![Page 10: For the Protection of Power System and its Components 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/5697bf7b1a28abf838c83856/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
UNIT PROTECTION SCHEMES:
Generator protection Motor protection Transformer protection
![Page 11: For the Protection of Power System and its Components 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/5697bf7b1a28abf838c83856/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
GENERATOR PROTECTION
Generator Faults Stator winding faults
(phase to earth, phase to phase, inter-turn) Rotor circuit faults
Conductor to earth, inter-turn fault, rotor open circuit, loss of excitation, unbalance stator current
Abnormal operating condition Failure of prime mover, field failure, unbalance
loading, over voltage at generator terminal, over loading, over speed, ventilation failure
![Page 12: For the Protection of Power System and its Components 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/5697bf7b1a28abf838c83856/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
GENERATOR PROTECTION
STATOR PROTECTION ROTOR FAULT PROTECTION
Differential protection(Merz-Price protection)(Biased differential protection)
Stator Inter-turn prot. Balanced earth fault
prot Stator over heating
prot. Negative sequence prot. Protection against
motoring
Rotor earth fault prot. Loss of Excitation prot. Auto. Field suppression Rotor overheating Rotor temp. alarm Vibration Protection Bearing overheating Over speed protection
![Page 13: For the Protection of Power System and its Components 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/5697bf7b1a28abf838c83856/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
A.C. MOTOR PROTECTION
FAULTS : PROTECTION:
Phase to phase Phase to earth Inter-turn Prolonged overloading Stalling Unbalanced supply
voltage Single phasing Under voltage Reverse phase Loss of synchronism
Stator Over current Stator over heating Rotor over heating Under voltage Unbalanced and single
phasing Reverse phase Ammortisseur over
heating Loss of excitation Loss of synchronism Field winding over heating
![Page 14: For the Protection of Power System and its Components 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/5697bf7b1a28abf838c83856/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
TRANSFORMER PROTECTION:
Buchholz protection Core balance leakage protection Combined leakage and overload protection Differential protection (Biased) Harmonic restraint relay Magnetic balance protection Restricted earth fault Frame leakage protection Generator transformer unit protection
![Page 15: For the Protection of Power System and its Components 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/5697bf7b1a28abf838c83856/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
LINE & FEEDER PROTECTION
Over current and earth fault protection Time graded protection for
Radial, parallel and ring main feeder using directional power relay
Current graded protection Differential pilot wire protection Carrier current protection Distance protection
Impedance relay, reactance relay, Mho relay, offset Mho relay, quadrilateral relay,
![Page 16: For the Protection of Power System and its Components 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/5697bf7b1a28abf838c83856/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
DEFINITE TIME OVER CURRENT (50) & INVERSE TIME OVER CURRENT (51)Basic protection principle
![Page 17: For the Protection of Power System and its Components 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/5697bf7b1a28abf838c83856/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
OVER VOLTAGE (59) & UNDER VOLTAGE (27)
Basic protection principle
VOLTAGE BALANCE (DIFFERENTIAL)Basic protection principle
![Page 18: For the Protection of Power System and its Components 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/5697bf7b1a28abf838c83856/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
DISTANCE RELAYINGBasic protection principle
Uses both current and voltage to determine the zone of the faultBased on KVLThree phase system loops, RY,YB,BR, RG, YG, BGPhase comparator principlePhase and ground faults
![Page 19: For the Protection of Power System and its Components 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/5697bf7b1a28abf838c83856/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
DISTANCE RELAYING
S1 = IR ZR – VR
S2 = VR
![Page 20: For the Protection of Power System and its Components 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/5697bf7b1a28abf838c83856/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
DISTANCE RELAYING
![Page 21: For the Protection of Power System and its Components 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/5697bf7b1a28abf838c83856/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTIONBasic protection principle
Based on KCL Used for protection of Generator, Motor, Transformer, Busbar, Transmission line, Reactor
![Page 22: For the Protection of Power System and its Components 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/5697bf7b1a28abf838c83856/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22
BUSBAR & TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
![Page 23: For the Protection of Power System and its Components 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/5697bf7b1a28abf838c83856/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23
LINE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
![Page 24: For the Protection of Power System and its Components 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/5697bf7b1a28abf838c83856/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24
DEVICE NUMBER IDENTIFICATION
21 Z1 – Z4 : phase distance relay for zone 1 to 421N z1 – Z4 : ground distance relays for zone 1 to 450H : high set instantaneous over current relay50 : instantaneous over current relay62 : time delay for tripping67N : directional relay in neutralSER/DFR : sequence of event recorder/ digital fault recorder
List box method and fill box method
![Page 25: For the Protection of Power System and its Components 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/5697bf7b1a28abf838c83856/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25
OTHERS:
Bus bar protection Protection against over voltage due to
lightning using LA Insulation coordination Earthing Travelling wave ralays
![Page 26: For the Protection of Power System and its Components 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/5697bf7b1a28abf838c83856/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26
THANK YOU