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B Factory Measurements B Factory Measurements of the bof the b s(d) s(d) “Radiative “Radiative Penguin” Transition RatesPenguin” Transition Rates
for the BaBar and Belle Collaborations
Miami 2008 Topical Conference on Elementary Physics, Astrophysics,
and Cosmology
Fort Lauderdale, FL, Dec 16-21, 2008
Bruce A. SchummSanta Cruz Institute for Particle Physics
University of California, Santa Cruz
BaBar
Miami 2008: b s(d) Transition Rates 2Bruce SchummBaBar
OutlineOutline
Effective Neutral Currents: General Motivation
b s PenguinsSUSY parameter space implications
b s “Inclusive” approach
B XS “Semi-Inclusive” approach
b d Penguins and |Vtd/Vts|
Motivation
B →(ρ,ω)“Exclusive” approach
B→Xd “Semi-Inclusive” approach
Status of |Vtd/Vts|
Conclusions
Miami 2008: b s(d) Transition Rates 3Bruce SchummBaBar
Effective Neutral Currents and Radiative PenguinsEffective Neutral Currents and Radiative Penguins
so new physics can enter at leading order:
The SM b s(d) transition is high order (two weak plus one EM vertex) …
+ photon off any charged
leg
Although rare (~ 5x10-4 for s and ~10-5 for d), the isolated high-energy photon is a powerful signature.
Vtb Vt(s,d)
Miami 2008: b s(d) Transition Rates 4Bruce SchummBaBar
OutlineOutline
Effective Neutral Currents: General Motivation
b sSUSY parameter space implications
Inclusive approach
Other approaches
b d and |Vtd/Vts|
Motivation
B →(ρ,ω)(“Standard” Approach)
B→Xd (“Semi-Inclusive” Approach)
Status of |Vtd/Vts|
Conclusions
Miami 2008: b s(d) Transition Rates 5Bruce SchummBaBar
B B s s and SUSY Parameter Space and SUSY Parameter Space
Direct searches (LEP)
B s constraints
MSSMConstraints
bs has a significant impact on the tan-mA plane…
Miami 2008: b s(d) Transition Rates 6Bruce SchummBaBar
B B s s and SUSY Parameter Space (cont’d) and SUSY Parameter Space (cont’d)
Fate of “Snowmass” MSSM study points
… on some of our favorite scenarios …
Miami 2008: b s(d) Transition Rates 7Bruce SchummBaBar
B B s s and SUSY Parameter Space (cont’d) and SUSY Parameter Space (cont’d)
C.F. Berger, J.S. Gainer, J.L. Hewett, T.G. Rizzo,“Supersymmetry Without Prejudice”, arXiv:0812.0980v1 [hep-ph]
Explore 107 points over 19-dimensional parameter space of CP-conserving MSSM
b s most effective constraint (72% of models surviving prior constraints are eliminated; better than direct searches for SUSY partners)
… and just in general.
Miami 2008: b s(d) Transition Rates 8Bruce SchummBaBar
The eThe e++ee-- Cross Section in the Upsilon Region Cross Section in the Upsilon Region
bbOn-Peak Data
Off-Peak Data(~10% of Sample)
(4S) resonance is ~1 nb at peak, competing with a “continuum” background of ~3 nb
The (4S) resonance is the lightest resonance that decays into “open Beauty” ( or ) 00BBBB
bb
Miami 2008: b s(d) Transition Rates 9Bruce SchummBaBar
B Factory Data SetsB Factory Data Sets
700 fb-1
440 fb-1
Miami 2008: b s(d) Transition Rates 10Bruce SchummBaBar
Inclusive Measurement of b Inclusive Measurement of b s s: Introduction: Introduction
qq + ττ
BB
XSγ
Most exacting approach (“Inclusive”) is aggressive:
Use only high-energy as signature
Suppress continuum with event shapes, requirement of a high-energy lepton.
Estimate remaining contribution by scaling off-peak data.
Challenge: background from 0() decays (plus some fakes) in B decays
Miami 2008: b s(d) Transition Rates 11Bruce SchummBaBar
Inclusive Measurement of b Inclusive Measurement of b s s: Practicalities: Practicalities
To remove 0() background:
• Veto event if you find the 2nd photon (~45% efficient for 0() fakes)
• Estimate and subtract out cases for which 2nd photon is missed (S/B ~ 1/1)
• Requires knowledge of second photon efficiency to < 1%; measure using, e.g., 0s from e+e- ; +-0
• Becoming limiting experimental uncertainty
No s signal here; provides test of 0 subtraction
BELLE: (3.370.43)x10-4 arXiv:0804.1580 605 fb-1
BaBar: (3.920.56)x10-4 PRL97,171803 82 fb-1
NOTE: Measurements scaled to Ecms = 1.6 GeV
Miami 2008: b s(d) Transition Rates 12Bruce SchummBaBar
b b s s Via a Sum of Exclusive Final States (BaBar) Via a Sum of Exclusive Final States (BaBar)
This “Semi-Inclusive” approaches employs a fit to the mass distribution, for which backgrounds tend to be self-calibrating…
Reconstruct a total of 38 exclusive b s final states that comprise about 55% of the total width
Fit to reconstructed mass of exclusive final state to determine signal yield
Miami 2008: b s(d) Transition Rates 13Bruce SchummBaBar
BaBar Semi-Inclusive Analysis (continued)BaBar Semi-Inclusive Analysis (continued)
But need to rely on models to correct for the 45% of states that are not measured (depends on mass M(Xs) that photon recoils against).
Mass Recoiling Against RESULT
BF(B s) = (3.49 0.57)x10-4
PRD72:052004
• 82 fb-1 analyzed is less than 10% of world sample
• Has systematics independent of those of inclusive approach
Miami 2008: b s(d) Transition Rates 14Bruce SchummBaBar
Summary of Measurements of the b Summary of Measurements of the b s s Rate Rate
Experimental accuracy commensurate with theoretical control, but work continue on both ends
Inclusive
Semi-Inclusive
Inclusive
Inclusive
Inclusive
A. Limosani, Melbourne
Most of BaBar data set still unanalyzed
Miami 2008: b s(d) Transition Rates 15Bruce SchummBaBar
OutlineOutline
Effective Neutral Currents: General Motivation
b sSUSY parameter space implications
Inclusive approach
Other approaches
b d and |Vtd/Vts|
Motivation
B →(ρ,ω)(“Standard” Approach)
B→Xd (“Semi-Inclusive” Approach)
Status of |Vtd/Vts|
Conclusions
Miami 2008: b s(d) Transition Rates 16Bruce SchummBaBar
Measuring |VMeasuring |Vtdtd/V/Vtsts||
(d) (d)(d)
(d)
(d)
(d)
Vt(s,d)Note: In both cases, hadronic
uncertainties minimized by comparing to corresponding Vts
process (Bs mixing, b s)
Observable is | Vtd / Vts |
B Mixing
Radiative Penguins
Two independent diagrams provide sensitivity to CKM
parameter Vtd
Miami 2008: b s(d) Transition Rates 17Bruce SchummBaBar
|V|Vtdtd/V/Vtsts| from Penguins: Motivation| from Penguins: Motivation
ICHEP ’08 B Mixing Results [Farrington(CDF), Moulik(D0), averaged by DeLodovico(BaBar)]:
How do penguins fit into the picture?
Mixing: xd = mB/B ~ 1 mB ~ B
Penguins: Br(bd) ~ 10-5 d ~ 10-5 B
“These [b d] vertices are CKM-suppressed in the standard model, but new physics contributions may not follow the CKM pattern in flavor-
changing-neutral-current transitions and hence new physics effects may become more easily discernible in B Xd + (and its charge conjugate)
than in the corresponding CKM-allowed vertices b s and b sg”
Furthermore (Ali, Asatrian, Greub, Phys. Lett B 429, 87):
With |Vtd/Vts| precisely constrained by mixing, b d is a compelling testbed for
new physics.
SM effects suppressed
by 10-5 relative to
mixing
Miami 2008: b s(d) Transition Rates 18Bruce SchummBaBar
Exclusive Approach: B Exclusive Approach: B (() )
“Traditional” Approach: measure exclusive rate Br(B () ); normalize with Br(B K* )
(and )
Values of 2 and R are state (+,0,) dependent and are available from
Ali, Parkhomenko, arXiv:hep-ph/0610149
Ball, Zwicky, J. High. Energy Phys. 0604, 046 (2006); Ball, Jones, Zwicky, Phys. Rev. D 75 054004 (2007)
at approximately 8% overall accuracy.
Annihilation Diagram
Miami 2008: b s(d) Transition Rates 19Bruce SchummBaBar
Measurement of B(B Measurement of B(B (() ) ) )
Belle: New result this Spring
351 fb-1 (2006) 598 fb-1 (April 2008)
BaBar: New result this Summer
316 fb-1 (April 2007) 423 fb-1 (July 2008)
Challenge: BRs are small (<10-6); backgrounds are high
continuum Neural Net with event shape, B tagging information, …
B → K*; K* K Require excellent particle ID
B → ( Veto if found such that M ~ M(,)
Miami 2008: b s(d) Transition Rates 20Bruce SchummBaBar
Measurement of Measurement of BB(B (B (() ) ) (continued)) (continued)
2*2*BbeamES pEM
Remaining separation achieved by two-dimensional fit to the largely independent kinematic variables
“Energy-substituted mass”; since Ebeam ~ MB, largely a measurement of momentum balance
*In e+e- CMS frame
EB = Ebeam for properly reconstructed candidate; total energy measurement
2*2*
BbeamESpEM
***
beamBEEE
Example: BaBar B0 0 “self-calibrating” continuum background subtraction
efficiencies (~5-15%) estimated with control samples
SignalContinuum
bs Feedthrough
Miami 2008: b s(d) Transition Rates 21Bruce SchummBaBar
Recent Updates of B Recent Updates of B (() )
Mode BaBar ’07 (x10-7) BaBar ’08 (x10-7)
+ 0
6.07.9 4.2
2.2
0.20.12 2.4
7.3
9.00.11 7.3
3.3
6.09.7 2.2
0.2
Mode Belle ’06 (x10-7) Belle ’08 (x10-7)
+ 0
9.09.2
1.17.27.8
9.07.1
0.16.18.7
3.10.4 9.1
7.1
9.02.4
8.06.35.5
7.07.3
6.03.35.12
5.04.3
0.17.26.5
9.00.5 7.2
3.2
5.00.4 4.2
0.2
BELLE: 598 fb-1
BaBar: 423 fb-1 Phys.Rev.D78:112001,2008
Phys.Rev.Lett.101:111801,2008, Erratum-ibid.101:129904,2008
Miami 2008: b s(d) Transition Rates 22Bruce SchummBaBar
|V|Vtdtd/V/Vtsts| from Exclusive (| from Exclusive (,,) Decays) Decays
70.3
8.210)6.13.16()),((B
B
015.0195.0|/| 020.0019.0
tstdVV
022.0025.0021.0024.0
233.0|/|
tstdVV
BELLE:
assuming the world-average
Combining, for exclusive radiative decay overall:
70.1
2.110)0.24.11()),((B
B
BaBar:
yielding
yielding
5* 10)17.016.4()(B KB
018.0015.0210.0|/| tstdVV
Assuming startic quark model, SU(3)F symmetry, can combine to get “isospin-averaged” BF, and then |Vtd/Vts|:
Miami 2008: b s(d) Transition Rates 23Bruce SchummBaBar
Semi-Inclusive Approach: B Semi-Inclusive Approach: B X Xdd (Preliminary) (Preliminary)
|Vtd/Vts|2 related to (bd)/(bs) with ~1% theoretical uncertainty [Ali, Asatrian, Greub, Phys. Lett. B 429, 87 (1998)]
However, must correct for unmeasured regions:
• Higher-multiplicity final states
• Higher-mass hadronic component (i.e. MXd > 1.8 GeV/c2)
“New” Approach (BaBar): Reconstruct seven exclusive final states Xd in range 0.6 GeV/c2 < MXd < 1.8 GeV/c2
Miami 2008: b s(d) Transition Rates 24Bruce SchummBaBar
Measured Regions for B Measured Regions for B X Xd(s)d(s)
(,,K*) 1.0 < Mhad < 1.8 1.8 < Mhad
XS
Xd
MEASURED
UNMEASURED
and Xd analyses
Xd analysis only
Mhad (MXd)
# 0
# bodies
Miami 2008: b s(d) Transition Rates 25Bruce SchummBaBar
B B X X(s,d)(s,d) Partial Branching Fraction Results Partial Branching Fraction Results
Fit in high-mass Xd region (first time measured):
Yields and partial branching fractions:
High-mass b
Xd
Continuum background
Xs, MisID background
BABAR
BABAR
PRELIMINARY
Miami 2008: b s(d) Transition Rates 26Bruce SchummBaBar
Correction for Missing ModesCorrection for Missing Modes
Dominant systematic error for 1.0 < MX < 1.8 GeV/c2
Most difficult for B Xd (not constrained by data)
Can improve with statistics (internal constraints)
Errors: Statistical Experimental Systematic
Try several models:
• MX given by “KN Model” Kagan & Neubert, Phys. Rev. D 58,
094012 (1998), with phase-space fragmentation
• As above, but with 50% replaced by mix of resonances
• Fix to measured b s fragmentation
Primary experimental result
BABAR
PRELIMINARY
Miami 2008: b s(d) Transition Rates 27Bruce SchummBaBar
Ratio of Total Widths and |VRatio of Total Widths and |Vtdtd/V/Vtsts||
arXiv:0807.4975 [hep-ex]; submitted to PRL
Precise (~1%) expression for |Vtd/Vts| [Ali, Asatrian, Greub] is based on ratio of full widths (bd)/(bs)
Measured region 0.6 < MX < 1.8 is ~50% of width
Extrapolate to full mass region via “KN Model”; KN calculation suggests negligible difference and uncertainty in extrapolation of the ratio (because ms,md << 1.8 GeV/c2?)
Ali
Asatrian
Greub
)(
)(
sb
db
009.0013.0033.0
|/|tstdVV
001.0043.0177.0
Expt. Theory
BABARBABAR PRELIMINARY
PRELIMINARY
Miami 2008: b s(d) Transition Rates 28Bruce SchummBaBar
Global Status of |VGlobal Status of |Vtdtd/V/Vtsts||
No evidence for non-Standard Model contribution to the decay width.
*
PRELIMINARY*
Miami 2008: b s(d) Transition Rates 29Bruce SchummBaBar
Concluding RemarksConcluding Remarks
Radiative measurements of |Vtd/Vts| are becoming precise:
| Vtd/Vts|rad = 0.203 0.020
Semi-inclusive approach works, and is independent of exclusive approach, with small theoretical uncertainty
Agreement with SM (as constrained by B mixing) is good
In principle, the severe SM suppression of this radiative process (x10-6 of B mixing) should make it very sensitive to new physics contributions.
Have we fully thought through the meaning of this constraint?
B s continues to be leading constraint on MSSM parameter space
More data exists (~80% of BaBar sample) to improve measurement, but “inclusive” approach starting to be limited by difficult systematics
“Semi-inclusive” approach has systematics independent of inclusive approach; very little of existing sample has been analyzed in this way.
Miami 2008: b s(d) Transition Rates 30Bruce SchummBaBar
Backup Slides
Miami 2008: b s(d) Transition Rates 31Bruce SchummBaBar
Isopsin-Averaged Branching FractionsIsopsin-Averaged Branching Fractions
)(2)(2)( 000 BBB
dduu 2
1 dduu 2
10
)()(B)(B2
1]),([B 000
0
BBBBBB
B
Assuming SU3(F) symmetry [B(B0) ~ B(B)] and
(approximately true by static quark model) we can write
from which it follows
Can combine +, 0, results to derive |Vtd/Vts| from
RMm
Mm
V
V
KB
B
BK
B
ts
td
1/1
/1
)(B
)),((B 2
22
222
*
*
Miami 2008: b s(d) Transition Rates 32Bruce SchummBaBar
Miami 2008: b s(d) Transition Rates 33Bruce SchummBaBar