for MHD & Therapeutics · 100 100 200 300 800 700 500 800 SSRI’s Atypical Antidepressants TCA’s...

54
for MHD & Therapeutics

Transcript of for MHD & Therapeutics · 100 100 200 300 800 700 500 800 SSRI’s Atypical Antidepressants TCA’s...

Page 1: for MHD & Therapeutics · 100 100 200 300 800 700 500 800 SSRI’s Atypical Antidepressants TCA’s 100 700 500 700 400 800 600 100 900 900 900 900 300 500 800 MAO-I’s100 900 500

for MHD & Therapeutics

Page 2: for MHD & Therapeutics · 100 100 200 300 800 700 500 800 SSRI’s Atypical Antidepressants TCA’s 100 700 500 700 400 800 600 100 900 900 900 900 300 500 800 MAO-I’s100 900 500

is proud

to present

And Now Here

Is The Host . . .

Insert Name Here

Page 3: for MHD & Therapeutics · 100 100 200 300 800 700 500 800 SSRI’s Atypical Antidepressants TCA’s 100 700 500 700 400 800 600 100 900 900 900 900 300 500 800 MAO-I’s100 900 500

The categories for today’s Jeopardy will be:

Page 4: for MHD & Therapeutics · 100 100 200 300 800 700 500 800 SSRI’s Atypical Antidepressants TCA’s 100 700 500 700 400 800 600 100 900 900 900 900 300 500 800 MAO-I’s100 900 500

SSRI’s

Page 5: for MHD & Therapeutics · 100 100 200 300 800 700 500 800 SSRI’s Atypical Antidepressants TCA’s 100 700 500 700 400 800 600 100 900 900 900 900 300 500 800 MAO-I’s100 900 500

SNRI’s

Page 6: for MHD & Therapeutics · 100 100 200 300 800 700 500 800 SSRI’s Atypical Antidepressants TCA’s 100 700 500 700 400 800 600 100 900 900 900 900 300 500 800 MAO-I’s100 900 500

Atypical Antidepressants

Page 7: for MHD & Therapeutics · 100 100 200 300 800 700 500 800 SSRI’s Atypical Antidepressants TCA’s 100 700 500 700 400 800 600 100 900 900 900 900 300 500 800 MAO-I’s100 900 500

MAOI’s

Page 8: for MHD & Therapeutics · 100 100 200 300 800 700 500 800 SSRI’s Atypical Antidepressants TCA’s 100 700 500 700 400 800 600 100 900 900 900 900 300 500 800 MAO-I’s100 900 500

TCA’s

Page 9: for MHD & Therapeutics · 100 100 200 300 800 700 500 800 SSRI’s Atypical Antidepressants TCA’s 100 700 500 700 400 800 600 100 900 900 900 900 300 500 800 MAO-I’s100 900 500

100 100

200

300

800

700

500

800

SSRI’s Atypical

AntidepressantsTCA’s

100

700

500

700

400

800

600

100

900 900 900 900

300

500

800

MAO-I’s

100

900

500

400

300

200

300

400

600

800

200

300

600

200

500

400

700

600

200

400

700

600

SNRI’s

Page 10: for MHD & Therapeutics · 100 100 200 300 800 700 500 800 SSRI’s Atypical Antidepressants TCA’s 100 700 500 700 400 800 600 100 900 900 900 900 300 500 800 MAO-I’s100 900 500

Row 1, Col 1

The half-life of this SSRI is

about one week

What is fluoxetine (prozac)?

Page 11: for MHD & Therapeutics · 100 100 200 300 800 700 500 800 SSRI’s Atypical Antidepressants TCA’s 100 700 500 700 400 800 600 100 900 900 900 900 300 500 800 MAO-I’s100 900 500

1,2

SSRI is the abbreviation for this

What is Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor?

Page 12: for MHD & Therapeutics · 100 100 200 300 800 700 500 800 SSRI’s Atypical Antidepressants TCA’s 100 700 500 700 400 800 600 100 900 900 900 900 300 500 800 MAO-I’s100 900 500

1,3

If an SSRI with a short half life

is abruptly stopped it

may result in this

What is Discontinuation Syndrome?

Page 13: for MHD & Therapeutics · 100 100 200 300 800 700 500 800 SSRI’s Atypical Antidepressants TCA’s 100 700 500 700 400 800 600 100 900 900 900 900 300 500 800 MAO-I’s100 900 500

1,4

When switching to a MAOI from an

SSRI, info about this

pharmacokinetic property of the

SSRI will provide guidance on how

long of a washout is needed before

starting the MAOI

What is half life (wait 5 half lives)?

Page 14: for MHD & Therapeutics · 100 100 200 300 800 700 500 800 SSRI’s Atypical Antidepressants TCA’s 100 700 500 700 400 800 600 100 900 900 900 900 300 500 800 MAO-I’s100 900 500

1,5

Arguable the single biggest

improvement of SSRI’s over

their TCA predecessors is this

What is safety from overdose?

Page 15: for MHD & Therapeutics · 100 100 200 300 800 700 500 800 SSRI’s Atypical Antidepressants TCA’s 100 700 500 700 400 800 600 100 900 900 900 900 300 500 800 MAO-I’s100 900 500

1,6

SSRI’s include Fluoxetine (Prozac),

Paroxetine (Paxil), Citalopram

(Celexa), Escitalopram (Lexapro),

Fluvoxamine (Luvox), and this

What is a sertraline (Zoloft)?

Page 16: for MHD & Therapeutics · 100 100 200 300 800 700 500 800 SSRI’s Atypical Antidepressants TCA’s 100 700 500 700 400 800 600 100 900 900 900 900 300 500 800 MAO-I’s100 900 500

1,7

This SSRI is the S-enantiomer of

citalopram (celexa)

What is escitalopram (lexapro)?

Page 17: for MHD & Therapeutics · 100 100 200 300 800 700 500 800 SSRI’s Atypical Antidepressants TCA’s 100 700 500 700 400 800 600 100 900 900 900 900 300 500 800 MAO-I’s100 900 500

1,8

These two SSRI’s have very

short half lives & should

be tapered to be

discontinued

What is paroxetine (paxil) & fluvoxamine (luvox)

Page 18: for MHD & Therapeutics · 100 100 200 300 800 700 500 800 SSRI’s Atypical Antidepressants TCA’s 100 700 500 700 400 800 600 100 900 900 900 900 300 500 800 MAO-I’s100 900 500

1,9

This is a common side effect of

all SSRI’s & the doctor should

specifically ask about it as

the patient may otherwise

be too embarrassed to

talk about it

What are sexual side effects?

Page 19: for MHD & Therapeutics · 100 100 200 300 800 700 500 800 SSRI’s Atypical Antidepressants TCA’s 100 700 500 700 400 800 600 100 900 900 900 900 300 500 800 MAO-I’s100 900 500

2,1

The mechanism of action of

SNRI’s is this

What is Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor?

Page 20: for MHD & Therapeutics · 100 100 200 300 800 700 500 800 SSRI’s Atypical Antidepressants TCA’s 100 700 500 700 400 800 600 100 900 900 900 900 300 500 800 MAO-I’s100 900 500

2,2

This SNRI is the psychoactive

metabolite of another SNRI

What is desvenlafaxine (pristiq)

Page 21: for MHD & Therapeutics · 100 100 200 300 800 700 500 800 SSRI’s Atypical Antidepressants TCA’s 100 700 500 700 400 800 600 100 900 900 900 900 300 500 800 MAO-I’s100 900 500

2,3

Whether the dose is very high,

moderate, or low, this

neurotransmitter’s reuptake is

blocked by venlafaxine (effexor)

What is serotonin?

Page 22: for MHD & Therapeutics · 100 100 200 300 800 700 500 800 SSRI’s Atypical Antidepressants TCA’s 100 700 500 700 400 800 600 100 900 900 900 900 300 500 800 MAO-I’s100 900 500

2,4

At very high doses (>375mg/d)

of venlafaxine (effexor) this

neurotransmitter’s reuptake

may begin to be blocked

What is dopamine?

Page 23: for MHD & Therapeutics · 100 100 200 300 800 700 500 800 SSRI’s Atypical Antidepressants TCA’s 100 700 500 700 400 800 600 100 900 900 900 900 300 500 800 MAO-I’s100 900 500

2,5

What is duloxetine (cymbalta)

This SNRI is preferred for painful

symptoms of depression or diabetic

neuropathy pain

Page 24: for MHD & Therapeutics · 100 100 200 300 800 700 500 800 SSRI’s Atypical Antidepressants TCA’s 100 700 500 700 400 800 600 100 900 900 900 900 300 500 800 MAO-I’s100 900 500

2,6

SSRI’s MAOI’s TCA’s

=========================

Venlafaxine (Effexor)’s mechanism

of action is most similar to this

class of antidepressants

What is TCA’s?

Page 25: for MHD & Therapeutics · 100 100 200 300 800 700 500 800 SSRI’s Atypical Antidepressants TCA’s 100 700 500 700 400 800 600 100 900 900 900 900 300 500 800 MAO-I’s100 900 500

2,7

When stopping venlafaxine (effexor)

it should be gradually tapered in

order to avoid this

What is discontinuation syndrome?

Page 26: for MHD & Therapeutics · 100 100 200 300 800 700 500 800 SSRI’s Atypical Antidepressants TCA’s 100 700 500 700 400 800 600 100 900 900 900 900 300 500 800 MAO-I’s100 900 500

2,8

The SNRI side effect of diaphoresis

is due to this

What is NE reuptake inhibition?

Page 27: for MHD & Therapeutics · 100 100 200 300 800 700 500 800 SSRI’s Atypical Antidepressants TCA’s 100 700 500 700 400 800 600 100 900 900 900 900 300 500 800 MAO-I’s100 900 500

2,9

Venlafaxine (effexor) has

this relatively common, dose

dependent, cardiac system

related side effect

What is increased blood pressure?

Page 28: for MHD & Therapeutics · 100 100 200 300 800 700 500 800 SSRI’s Atypical Antidepressants TCA’s 100 700 500 700 400 800 600 100 900 900 900 900 300 500 800 MAO-I’s100 900 500

3,1

SSRIs or venlafaxine (effexor) may

cause these common side effects

which mirtazepine’s (remeron)

5HT3 antagonism may help

reduce or remove

What is GI side effects? (nausea, diarrhea, stomach cramps)?

Page 29: for MHD & Therapeutics · 100 100 200 300 800 700 500 800 SSRI’s Atypical Antidepressants TCA’s 100 700 500 700 400 800 600 100 900 900 900 900 300 500 800 MAO-I’s100 900 500

3,2

Marketed under the name Zyban,

(Bupropion) is useful in treating

cravings from dependence

on this substance

What is nicotine (smoking cessation)?

Page 30: for MHD & Therapeutics · 100 100 200 300 800 700 500 800 SSRI’s Atypical Antidepressants TCA’s 100 700 500 700 400 800 600 100 900 900 900 900 300 500 800 MAO-I’s100 900 500

3,3

Mirtazepine (Remeron)’s 5HT2A

antagonist activity & Wellbutrin

(Bupropion)’s lack of any 5-HT

activity is why neither has this

common SSRI side effect

What is sexual dysfunction?

Page 31: for MHD & Therapeutics · 100 100 200 300 800 700 500 800 SSRI’s Atypical Antidepressants TCA’s 100 700 500 700 400 800 600 100 900 900 900 900 300 500 800 MAO-I’s100 900 500

3,4

Like most anti-depressants, at typical

doses bupropion (wellbutrin) carries

a small risk of this serious side

effect but the risk increases

from 0.4% to 4% at very

high doses

What is a seizure?

Page 32: for MHD & Therapeutics · 100 100 200 300 800 700 500 800 SSRI’s Atypical Antidepressants TCA’s 100 700 500 700 400 800 600 100 900 900 900 900 300 500 800 MAO-I’s100 900 500

3,5

In the evolution of antidepressants,

drugs that are SSRI’s with 5-HT

receptor antagonists or partial

agonists are vilazodone (viibryd)

and this

What are vortioxetine (Brintellix)?

Page 33: for MHD & Therapeutics · 100 100 200 300 800 700 500 800 SSRI’s Atypical Antidepressants TCA’s 100 700 500 700 400 800 600 100 900 900 900 900 300 500 800 MAO-I’s100 900 500

3,6

Mirtazepine (Remeron)’s novel

mechanism of action by which

norepinephrine and serotonin

system activity is increased is this

What is pre-synaptic alpha 2 adrenergic antagonist?

Page 34: for MHD & Therapeutics · 100 100 200 300 800 700 500 800 SSRI’s Atypical Antidepressants TCA’s 100 700 500 700 400 800 600 100 900 900 900 900 300 500 800 MAO-I’s100 900 500

3,7

Bupropion (Wellbutrin) commonly

does this to a patient’s weight

What is slightly decrease? (or no change)

Page 35: for MHD & Therapeutics · 100 100 200 300 800 700 500 800 SSRI’s Atypical Antidepressants TCA’s 100 700 500 700 400 800 600 100 900 900 900 900 300 500 800 MAO-I’s100 900 500

3,8

This mirtazapine (remeron) side effect

is more likely in women than men,

before menopause than after, and

is unlikely to be a problem if it

has not occurred within the

first 6 weeks of treatment

What is weight gain?

Page 36: for MHD & Therapeutics · 100 100 200 300 800 700 500 800 SSRI’s Atypical Antidepressants TCA’s 100 700 500 700 400 800 600 100 900 900 900 900 300 500 800 MAO-I’s100 900 500

3,9

Onset of therapeutic action is usually

not immediate, but is delayed

until this time period

What is 2-4 weeks

Page 37: for MHD & Therapeutics · 100 100 200 300 800 700 500 800 SSRI’s Atypical Antidepressants TCA’s 100 700 500 700 400 800 600 100 900 900 900 900 300 500 800 MAO-I’s100 900 500

4,1

SSRI’s and MAOI’s used in

combination carry a high

risk of this side effect

What is serotonin syndrome?

Page 38: for MHD & Therapeutics · 100 100 200 300 800 700 500 800 SSRI’s Atypical Antidepressants TCA’s 100 700 500 700 400 800 600 100 900 900 900 900 300 500 800 MAO-I’s100 900 500

4,2

While there are two MAOs (MAO-A

& MAO-B), inactivating this one

appears necessary for the

antidepressant effect

What is MAO-A?

Page 39: for MHD & Therapeutics · 100 100 200 300 800 700 500 800 SSRI’s Atypical Antidepressants TCA’s 100 700 500 700 400 800 600 100 900 900 900 900 300 500 800 MAO-I’s100 900 500

4,3

Regarding MAOI’s, a RIMA

is this

What is Reversible Inhibitor of Monoamine Oxidase?

Page 40: for MHD & Therapeutics · 100 100 200 300 800 700 500 800 SSRI’s Atypical Antidepressants TCA’s 100 700 500 700 400 800 600 100 900 900 900 900 300 500 800 MAO-I’s100 900 500

4,4

While the t1/2 is 2-4 hours,

the amount of time for most

MAO-I’s to wash out

is this

What are 10-14 days?

Page 41: for MHD & Therapeutics · 100 100 200 300 800 700 500 800 SSRI’s Atypical Antidepressants TCA’s 100 700 500 700 400 800 600 100 900 900 900 900 300 500 800 MAO-I’s100 900 500

4,5

At low doses, Selegiline (Emsam)’s

transdermal delivery greatly decreases

this possible side effect

What is HTN crisis (from dietary tyramine)?

Page 42: for MHD & Therapeutics · 100 100 200 300 800 700 500 800 SSRI’s Atypical Antidepressants TCA’s 100 700 500 700 400 800 600 100 900 900 900 900 300 500 800 MAO-I’s100 900 500

4,6

Patient’s taking an MAOI need to

avoid foods high in tyramine and

sympathomimetic medications

due to the risk of this

What is hypertensive crisis?

Page 43: for MHD & Therapeutics · 100 100 200 300 800 700 500 800 SSRI’s Atypical Antidepressants TCA’s 100 700 500 700 400 800 600 100 900 900 900 900 300 500 800 MAO-I’s100 900 500

4,7

The cellular organelle containing the

MAO enzyme that is inactivated by

MAOI’s is this

What is mitochondria?

Page 44: for MHD & Therapeutics · 100 100 200 300 800 700 500 800 SSRI’s Atypical Antidepressants TCA’s 100 700 500 700 400 800 600 100 900 900 900 900 300 500 800 MAO-I’s100 900 500

4,8

MAOI’s are effective in treating

depression with melancholic features,

depression with atypical features,

persistent depressive disorder, and

this type of depression

What is treatment resistant?

Page 45: for MHD & Therapeutics · 100 100 200 300 800 700 500 800 SSRI’s Atypical Antidepressants TCA’s 100 700 500 700 400 800 600 100 900 900 900 900 300 500 800 MAO-I’s100 900 500

4,9

While MAOI’s may result in

serotonin related side effects such

as GI distress, sexual dysfunction,

and sleep disturbance, the

unusual thing about the sleep

disturbance is this

What is day-night shifting?

Page 46: for MHD & Therapeutics · 100 100 200 300 800 700 500 800 SSRI’s Atypical Antidepressants TCA’s 100 700 500 700 400 800 600 100 900 900 900 900 300 500 800 MAO-I’s100 900 500

5,1

A tertiary amine, amitriptyline

(elavil), is metabolized to a

secondary amine which is

this TCA

What is nortriptyline (pamelor)?

Page 47: for MHD & Therapeutics · 100 100 200 300 800 700 500 800 SSRI’s Atypical Antidepressants TCA’s 100 700 500 700 400 800 600 100 900 900 900 900 300 500 800 MAO-I’s100 900 500

5,2

Blurred vision, urinary hesitancy, dry

mouth, and constipation are due to

this neurotransmitter receptor

activity by TCA’s

What is anticholinergic activity?

Page 48: for MHD & Therapeutics · 100 100 200 300 800 700 500 800 SSRI’s Atypical Antidepressants TCA’s 100 700 500 700 400 800 600 100 900 900 900 900 300 500 800 MAO-I’s100 900 500

5,3

A tertiary amine, imipramine

(tofranil), is metabolized to a

secondary amine which is

this TCA

What is desipramine (norpramin)?

Page 49: for MHD & Therapeutics · 100 100 200 300 800 700 500 800 SSRI’s Atypical Antidepressants TCA’s 100 700 500 700 400 800 600 100 900 900 900 900 300 500 800 MAO-I’s100 900 500

5,4

Most TCA’s preferentially block

reuptake of NE vs 5-HT, but these 2

TCA’s comparably block the

reuptake of both NE & 5-HT

What are Imipramine & Amitriptyline (Tertiary TCs)?

Page 50: for MHD & Therapeutics · 100 100 200 300 800 700 500 800 SSRI’s Atypical Antidepressants TCA’s 100 700 500 700 400 800 600 100 900 900 900 900 300 500 800 MAO-I’s100 900 500

5,5

Fluoxetine (prozac), paroxetine (paxil),

bupropion (wellbutrin), duloxetine

(cymbalta) and other medications may

increase all TCA’s concentration by

inhibiting this p450 enzyme

What is cytochrome p450 2D6?

Page 51: for MHD & Therapeutics · 100 100 200 300 800 700 500 800 SSRI’s Atypical Antidepressants TCA’s 100 700 500 700 400 800 600 100 900 900 900 900 300 500 800 MAO-I’s100 900 500

5,6

Side effects of dizziness, sedation,

and hypotension likely result

from TCA’s antagonist activity

of this receptor

What is alpha adrenergic-1 receptor?

Page 52: for MHD & Therapeutics · 100 100 200 300 800 700 500 800 SSRI’s Atypical Antidepressants TCA’s 100 700 500 700 400 800 600 100 900 900 900 900 300 500 800 MAO-I’s100 900 500

5,7

Side effects of sedation and weight

gain from TCA’s are likely due

to antagonist activity at

this receptor

What is histamine (H1)?

Page 53: for MHD & Therapeutics · 100 100 200 300 800 700 500 800 SSRI’s Atypical Antidepressants TCA’s 100 700 500 700 400 800 600 100 900 900 900 900 300 500 800 MAO-I’s100 900 500

5,8

TCA’s mechanism of action for

treating depression is this

What is serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake

inhibition?

Page 54: for MHD & Therapeutics · 100 100 200 300 800 700 500 800 SSRI’s Atypical Antidepressants TCA’s 100 700 500 700 400 800 600 100 900 900 900 900 300 500 800 MAO-I’s100 900 500

5,9

The dangerous side effects from

a TCA overdose are cardiac

arrhythmias caused by

blockade of this

What are sodium channels?