For Agnes Martin Anthony Vine - University of Washington

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For Agnes Martin Anthony Vine A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Music University of Washington 2013 Committee: Huck Hodge Joël-François Durand Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Music

Transcript of For Agnes Martin Anthony Vine - University of Washington

Page 1: For Agnes Martin Anthony Vine - University of Washington

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For Agnes Martin

Anthony Vine

A thesis

submitted in partial fulfillment of the

requirements for the degree of

Master of Music

University of Washington

2013

Committee:

Huck Hodge

Joël-François Durand

Program Authorized to Offer Degree:

Music

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© Copyright 2013 Anthony Vine

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Abstract

For Agnes Martin

Anthony Vine

Chair of Supervisory Committee:

Dr. Huck Hodge

Music

For Agnes Martin is a musical work scored for flute/piccolo, alto/soprano saxophone, two percussionists, piano, violin, and cello. The impetus behind this composition was to examine the 10-hole diatonic harmonica in terms of its pitch construction and timbral properties, and use this information to generate most of the work’s content. With this approach, two primary harmonic/timbral reservoirs were employed throughout the piece: [1] a melodic sequence that was constructed from overlaid fragments of the harmonica’s pitch layout, and [2] orchestrated ring modulation, which emulates the prominent combination tones of the harmonica. Varying presentations and interactions between these two entities shape the form of the work.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would first and foremost like to acknowledge my advisor, Huck Hodge, whose unique, insightful guidance, and immeasurable support have had a tremendous impact upon my life and music. I would also like to thank the rest of the composition and DXARTS faculty at the University of Washington – Joël-François Durand, Juan Pampin, Richard Karpen, and Joshua Parmenter – who, over the past two years, have greatly contributed to my musical development through their instruction, research, and scholarship. I would like to thank my friends and colleagues; Ivan Arteaga, Casey Grev, Ryan Jewell, Evan Smith, Michael Torres, and Evan Woodle whose collaborations and performances of my work have profoundly influenced my music; and Josh Archibald-Seiffer, Jeff Bowen, Rocco Di Pietro, Tom Johnson, and David Tomasacci for their discussions and encouragement. Finally, I thank my family for their love and support throughout my life.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

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Performance Notes ......................................................................................................................... i

Ensemble Setup ............................................................................................................................. ii

For Agnes Martin ........................................................................................................................... 1

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Performance Notes

Performance Notes: -3/4 -1/4 +1/4 +3/4 Quarter Tones: The quarter tones are not to be interpreted precisely. They

should merely resemble an out-of-tune effect.

- Slap Tongue open slap tongue: the embouchure is opened abruptly and completely at the moment of attack, producing a strong, percussive, truncated, forceful sound.

Grace Notes: All grace notes should be played as fast as possible. Every grace

note figure should occur before the beat. Multiphonics: M

BOK BOX! was written for Casey Grev and Michael Torres.

Seattle, Washington 2011

Notation de quarts de ton/Quartertone Notation

Indications en boîtesChoisir parmi le répertoire de gestes dans la boîte pour créer une texture qui se transforme légèrement au cours de la phrase. Combiner à volonté et indépendamment; changer de geste à toutes les 1-4 durées rythmiques. Par exemple:

poco s.p. �� molto s.t. signi!e la gamme de positions d’archet entre légèrement vers le pont et très loin sur la touche. Donc poco sul ponticello, ordinario, poco sul tasto, sul tasto, molto sul tasto, et toutes les positions entre.

≥!≤ �� ≥≤≥≤≥≤ signi!e les variations dans la fréquence de changements d’archet. Donc pour une durée rythmique, on peut choisir de jouer comme d’habitude, mais dans la prochaine durée, peut-être qu’on choisit de changer de direction d’archet une ou deux fois plus que nécessaire.

Éviter les gestes extrêmes qui nuisent à la phrase musicale. Par exemple, dans une texture principalement sul tasto et tranquille, ne choisissez pas un sul ponticello extrêmement perçant et des changements d’archet très rapides qui a"irent l’a"ention à l’interprète.

Système d’intonationLe système d’intonation de quarts de tons est un peu comme un système pseudo-Renaissance inventé. Les quarts de tons doivent donc être bien accordés dans le contexte de chaque sonorité verticale, comme on le ferait pour une intonation juste. L’intention c’est de créer une texture de chorale claire et lisse, pas de “salir” une progression autrement tonale. Le public ne devrait pas tellement remarquer les quarts de tons; c’est plutôt question de faire l’expérience d’une harmonie familière mais un peu étrange, comme si elle consistait d’une gamme d’une autre époque ou culture.

Instructions in BoxesChoose between the various techniques in the boxes in order to create a texture that changes slightly from one rhythmic duration to the next. Combine at will and independently, changing techniques every 1-4 durations. For example:

poco s.p. �� molto s.t. indicates the entire range of bow positions between slightly toward the bridge and very far up the !ngerboard. #erefore, poco sul ponticello, ordinario, poco sul tasto, sul tasto, molto sul tasto, and every position in between.

≥!≤ �� ≥≤≥≤≥≤ indicates making bow changes more frequently than normal. #erefore, for one rhythmic duration, the player might choose to play with normal bowing, while in the next duration, the player might instead decide to change bow direction one or two times more than necessary.

Avoid extreme gestures that detract from the musical phrase. For instance, in a texture that is predominantly sul tasto and still, do not choose a piercing sul ponticello and very fast bow changes that a"ract a"ention to the player.

Intonation System#e quartertone tuning system used in the piece is sort of like an invented, pseudo-Renaissance system. #e quartertones must therefore be carefully tuned within the context of each vertical sonority, like what would be done for just intonation. #e intention is to create a chorale-like texture that is transparent and smooth, as opposed to taking a tonal progression and adding some “dirt”. #e audience shouldn’t even really notice the quartertones; it’s more about hearing a harmony that is familiar but somehow a li"le strange, as it if were based on a scale from some other period or culture.

Notation de quarts de ton/Quartertone Notation

Indications en boîtesChoisir parmi le répertoire de gestes dans la boîte pour créer une texture qui se transforme légèrement au cours de la phrase. Combiner à volonté et indépendamment; changer de geste à toutes les 1-4 durées rythmiques. Par exemple:

poco s.p. �� molto s.t. signi!e la gamme de positions d’archet entre légèrement vers le pont et très loin sur la touche. Donc poco sul ponticello, ordinario, poco sul tasto, sul tasto, molto sul tasto, et toutes les positions entre.

≥!≤ �� ≥≤≥≤≥≤ signi!e les variations dans la fréquence de changements d’archet. Donc pour une durée rythmique, on peut choisir de jouer comme d’habitude, mais dans la prochaine durée, peut-être qu’on choisit de changer de direction d’archet une ou deux fois plus que nécessaire.

Éviter les gestes extrêmes qui nuisent à la phrase musicale. Par exemple, dans une texture principalement sul tasto et tranquille, ne choisissez pas un sul ponticello extrêmement perçant et des changements d’archet très rapides qui a"irent l’a"ention à l’interprète.

Système d’intonationLe système d’intonation de quarts de tons est un peu comme un système pseudo-Renaissance inventé. Les quarts de tons doivent donc être bien accordés dans le contexte de chaque sonorité verticale, comme on le ferait pour une intonation juste. L’intention c’est de créer une texture de chorale claire et lisse, pas de “salir” une progression autrement tonale. Le public ne devrait pas tellement remarquer les quarts de tons; c’est plutôt question de faire l’expérience d’une harmonie familière mais un peu étrange, comme si elle consistait d’une gamme d’une autre époque ou culture.

Instructions in BoxesChoose between the various techniques in the boxes in order to create a texture that changes slightly from one rhythmic duration to the next. Combine at will and independently, changing techniques every 1-4 durations. For example:

poco s.p. �� molto s.t. indicates the entire range of bow positions between slightly toward the bridge and very far up the !ngerboard. #erefore, poco sul ponticello, ordinario, poco sul tasto, sul tasto, molto sul tasto, and every position in between.

≥!≤ �� ≥≤≥≤≥≤ indicates making bow changes more frequently than normal. #erefore, for one rhythmic duration, the player might choose to play with normal bowing, while in the next duration, the player might instead decide to change bow direction one or two times more than necessary.

Avoid extreme gestures that detract from the musical phrase. For instance, in a texture that is predominantly sul tasto and still, do not choose a piercing sul ponticello and very fast bow changes that a"ract a"ention to the player.

Intonation System#e quartertone tuning system used in the piece is sort of like an invented, pseudo-Renaissance system. #e quartertones must therefore be carefully tuned within the context of each vertical sonority, like what would be done for just intonation. #e intention is to create a chorale-like texture that is transparent and smooth, as opposed to taking a tonal progression and adding some “dirt”. #e audience shouldn’t even really notice the quartertones; it’s more about hearing a harmony that is familiar but somehow a li"le strange, as it if were based on a scale from some other period or culture.

Notation de quarts de ton/Quartertone Notation

Indications en boîtesChoisir parmi le répertoire de gestes dans la boîte pour créer une texture qui se transforme légèrement au cours de la phrase. Combiner à volonté et indépendamment; changer de geste à toutes les 1-4 durées rythmiques. Par exemple:

poco s.p. �� molto s.t. signi!e la gamme de positions d’archet entre légèrement vers le pont et très loin sur la touche. Donc poco sul ponticello, ordinario, poco sul tasto, sul tasto, molto sul tasto, et toutes les positions entre.

≥!≤ �� ≥≤≥≤≥≤ signi!e les variations dans la fréquence de changements d’archet. Donc pour une durée rythmique, on peut choisir de jouer comme d’habitude, mais dans la prochaine durée, peut-être qu’on choisit de changer de direction d’archet une ou deux fois plus que nécessaire.

Éviter les gestes extrêmes qui nuisent à la phrase musicale. Par exemple, dans une texture principalement sul tasto et tranquille, ne choisissez pas un sul ponticello extrêmement perçant et des changements d’archet très rapides qui a"irent l’a"ention à l’interprète.

Système d’intonationLe système d’intonation de quarts de tons est un peu comme un système pseudo-Renaissance inventé. Les quarts de tons doivent donc être bien accordés dans le contexte de chaque sonorité verticale, comme on le ferait pour une intonation juste. L’intention c’est de créer une texture de chorale claire et lisse, pas de “salir” une progression autrement tonale. Le public ne devrait pas tellement remarquer les quarts de tons; c’est plutôt question de faire l’expérience d’une harmonie familière mais un peu étrange, comme si elle consistait d’une gamme d’une autre époque ou culture.

Instructions in BoxesChoose between the various techniques in the boxes in order to create a texture that changes slightly from one rhythmic duration to the next. Combine at will and independently, changing techniques every 1-4 durations. For example:

poco s.p. �� molto s.t. indicates the entire range of bow positions between slightly toward the bridge and very far up the !ngerboard. #erefore, poco sul ponticello, ordinario, poco sul tasto, sul tasto, molto sul tasto, and every position in between.

≥!≤ �� ≥≤≥≤≥≤ indicates making bow changes more frequently than normal. #erefore, for one rhythmic duration, the player might choose to play with normal bowing, while in the next duration, the player might instead decide to change bow direction one or two times more than necessary.

Avoid extreme gestures that detract from the musical phrase. For instance, in a texture that is predominantly sul tasto and still, do not choose a piercing sul ponticello and very fast bow changes that a"ract a"ention to the player.

Intonation System#e quartertone tuning system used in the piece is sort of like an invented, pseudo-Renaissance system. #e quartertones must therefore be carefully tuned within the context of each vertical sonority, like what would be done for just intonation. #e intention is to create a chorale-like texture that is transparent and smooth, as opposed to taking a tonal progression and adding some “dirt”. #e audience shouldn’t even really notice the quartertones; it’s more about hearing a harmony that is familiar but somehow a li"le strange, as it if were based on a scale from some other period or culture.

Notation de quarts de ton/Quartertone Notation

Indications en boîtesChoisir parmi le répertoire de gestes dans la boîte pour créer une texture qui se transforme légèrement au cours de la phrase. Combiner à volonté et indépendamment; changer de geste à toutes les 1-4 durées rythmiques. Par exemple:

poco s.p. �� molto s.t. signi!e la gamme de positions d’archet entre légèrement vers le pont et très loin sur la touche. Donc poco sul ponticello, ordinario, poco sul tasto, sul tasto, molto sul tasto, et toutes les positions entre.

≥!≤ �� ≥≤≥≤≥≤ signi!e les variations dans la fréquence de changements d’archet. Donc pour une durée rythmique, on peut choisir de jouer comme d’habitude, mais dans la prochaine durée, peut-être qu’on choisit de changer de direction d’archet une ou deux fois plus que nécessaire.

Éviter les gestes extrêmes qui nuisent à la phrase musicale. Par exemple, dans une texture principalement sul tasto et tranquille, ne choisissez pas un sul ponticello extrêmement perçant et des changements d’archet très rapides qui a"irent l’a"ention à l’interprète.

Système d’intonationLe système d’intonation de quarts de tons est un peu comme un système pseudo-Renaissance inventé. Les quarts de tons doivent donc être bien accordés dans le contexte de chaque sonorité verticale, comme on le ferait pour une intonation juste. L’intention c’est de créer une texture de chorale claire et lisse, pas de “salir” une progression autrement tonale. Le public ne devrait pas tellement remarquer les quarts de tons; c’est plutôt question de faire l’expérience d’une harmonie familière mais un peu étrange, comme si elle consistait d’une gamme d’une autre époque ou culture.

Instructions in BoxesChoose between the various techniques in the boxes in order to create a texture that changes slightly from one rhythmic duration to the next. Combine at will and independently, changing techniques every 1-4 durations. For example:

poco s.p. �� molto s.t. indicates the entire range of bow positions between slightly toward the bridge and very far up the !ngerboard. #erefore, poco sul ponticello, ordinario, poco sul tasto, sul tasto, molto sul tasto, and every position in between.

≥!≤ �� ≥≤≥≤≥≤ indicates making bow changes more frequently than normal. #erefore, for one rhythmic duration, the player might choose to play with normal bowing, while in the next duration, the player might instead decide to change bow direction one or two times more than necessary.

Avoid extreme gestures that detract from the musical phrase. For instance, in a texture that is predominantly sul tasto and still, do not choose a piercing sul ponticello and very fast bow changes that a"ract a"ention to the player.

Intonation System#e quartertone tuning system used in the piece is sort of like an invented, pseudo-Renaissance system. #e quartertones must therefore be carefully tuned within the context of each vertical sonority, like what would be done for just intonation. #e intention is to create a chorale-like texture that is transparent and smooth, as opposed to taking a tonal progression and adding some “dirt”. #e audience shouldn’t even really notice the quartertones; it’s more about hearing a harmony that is familiar but somehow a li"le strange, as it if were based on a scale from some other period or culture.

Notation de quarts de ton/Quartertone Notation

Indications en boîtesChoisir parmi le répertoire de gestes dans la boîte pour créer une texture qui se transforme légèrement au cours de la phrase. Combiner à volonté et indépendamment; changer de geste à toutes les 1-4 durées rythmiques. Par exemple:

poco s.p. �� molto s.t. signi!e la gamme de positions d’archet entre légèrement vers le pont et très loin sur la touche. Donc poco sul ponticello, ordinario, poco sul tasto, sul tasto, molto sul tasto, et toutes les positions entre.

≥!≤ �� ≥≤≥≤≥≤ signi!e les variations dans la fréquence de changements d’archet. Donc pour une durée rythmique, on peut choisir de jouer comme d’habitude, mais dans la prochaine durée, peut-être qu’on choisit de changer de direction d’archet une ou deux fois plus que nécessaire.

Éviter les gestes extrêmes qui nuisent à la phrase musicale. Par exemple, dans une texture principalement sul tasto et tranquille, ne choisissez pas un sul ponticello extrêmement perçant et des changements d’archet très rapides qui a"irent l’a"ention à l’interprète.

Système d’intonationLe système d’intonation de quarts de tons est un peu comme un système pseudo-Renaissance inventé. Les quarts de tons doivent donc être bien accordés dans le contexte de chaque sonorité verticale, comme on le ferait pour une intonation juste. L’intention c’est de créer une texture de chorale claire et lisse, pas de “salir” une progression autrement tonale. Le public ne devrait pas tellement remarquer les quarts de tons; c’est plutôt question de faire l’expérience d’une harmonie familière mais un peu étrange, comme si elle consistait d’une gamme d’une autre époque ou culture.

Instructions in BoxesChoose between the various techniques in the boxes in order to create a texture that changes slightly from one rhythmic duration to the next. Combine at will and independently, changing techniques every 1-4 durations. For example:

poco s.p. �� molto s.t. indicates the entire range of bow positions between slightly toward the bridge and very far up the !ngerboard. #erefore, poco sul ponticello, ordinario, poco sul tasto, sul tasto, molto sul tasto, and every position in between.

≥!≤ �� ≥≤≥≤≥≤ indicates making bow changes more frequently than normal. #erefore, for one rhythmic duration, the player might choose to play with normal bowing, while in the next duration, the player might instead decide to change bow direction one or two times more than necessary.

Avoid extreme gestures that detract from the musical phrase. For instance, in a texture that is predominantly sul tasto and still, do not choose a piercing sul ponticello and very fast bow changes that a"ract a"ention to the player.

Intonation System#e quartertone tuning system used in the piece is sort of like an invented, pseudo-Renaissance system. #e quartertones must therefore be carefully tuned within the context of each vertical sonority, like what would be done for just intonation. #e intention is to create a chorale-like texture that is transparent and smooth, as opposed to taking a tonal progression and adding some “dirt”. #e audience shouldn’t even really notice the quartertones; it’s more about hearing a harmony that is familiar but somehow a li"le strange, as it if were based on a scale from some other period or culture.

Notation de quarts de ton/Quartertone Notation

Indications en boîtesChoisir parmi le répertoire de gestes dans la boîte pour créer une texture qui se transforme légèrement au cours de la phrase. Combiner à volonté et indépendamment; changer de geste à toutes les 1-4 durées rythmiques. Par exemple:

poco s.p. �� molto s.t. signi!e la gamme de positions d’archet entre légèrement vers le pont et très loin sur la touche. Donc poco sul ponticello, ordinario, poco sul tasto, sul tasto, molto sul tasto, et toutes les positions entre.

≥!≤ �� ≥≤≥≤≥≤ signi!e les variations dans la fréquence de changements d’archet. Donc pour une durée rythmique, on peut choisir de jouer comme d’habitude, mais dans la prochaine durée, peut-être qu’on choisit de changer de direction d’archet une ou deux fois plus que nécessaire.

Éviter les gestes extrêmes qui nuisent à la phrase musicale. Par exemple, dans une texture principalement sul tasto et tranquille, ne choisissez pas un sul ponticello extrêmement perçant et des changements d’archet très rapides qui a"irent l’a"ention à l’interprète.

Système d’intonationLe système d’intonation de quarts de tons est un peu comme un système pseudo-Renaissance inventé. Les quarts de tons doivent donc être bien accordés dans le contexte de chaque sonorité verticale, comme on le ferait pour une intonation juste. L’intention c’est de créer une texture de chorale claire et lisse, pas de “salir” une progression autrement tonale. Le public ne devrait pas tellement remarquer les quarts de tons; c’est plutôt question de faire l’expérience d’une harmonie familière mais un peu étrange, comme si elle consistait d’une gamme d’une autre époque ou culture.

Instructions in BoxesChoose between the various techniques in the boxes in order to create a texture that changes slightly from one rhythmic duration to the next. Combine at will and independently, changing techniques every 1-4 durations. For example:

poco s.p. �� molto s.t. indicates the entire range of bow positions between slightly toward the bridge and very far up the !ngerboard. #erefore, poco sul ponticello, ordinario, poco sul tasto, sul tasto, molto sul tasto, and every position in between.

≥!≤ �� ≥≤≥≤≥≤ indicates making bow changes more frequently than normal. #erefore, for one rhythmic duration, the player might choose to play with normal bowing, while in the next duration, the player might instead decide to change bow direction one or two times more than necessary.

Avoid extreme gestures that detract from the musical phrase. For instance, in a texture that is predominantly sul tasto and still, do not choose a piercing sul ponticello and very fast bow changes that a"ract a"ention to the player.

Intonation System#e quartertone tuning system used in the piece is sort of like an invented, pseudo-Renaissance system. #e quartertones must therefore be carefully tuned within the context of each vertical sonority, like what would be done for just intonation. #e intention is to create a chorale-like texture that is transparent and smooth, as opposed to taking a tonal progression and adding some “dirt”. #e audience shouldn’t even really notice the quartertones; it’s more about hearing a harmony that is familiar but somehow a li"le strange, as it if were based on a scale from some other period or culture.

Notation de quarts de ton/Quartertone Notation

Indications en boîtesChoisir parmi le répertoire de gestes dans la boîte pour créer une texture qui se transforme légèrement au cours de la phrase. Combiner à volonté et indépendamment; changer de geste à toutes les 1-4 durées rythmiques. Par exemple:

poco s.p. �� molto s.t. signi!e la gamme de positions d’archet entre légèrement vers le pont et très loin sur la touche. Donc poco sul ponticello, ordinario, poco sul tasto, sul tasto, molto sul tasto, et toutes les positions entre.

≥!≤ �� ≥≤≥≤≥≤ signi!e les variations dans la fréquence de changements d’archet. Donc pour une durée rythmique, on peut choisir de jouer comme d’habitude, mais dans la prochaine durée, peut-être qu’on choisit de changer de direction d’archet une ou deux fois plus que nécessaire.

Éviter les gestes extrêmes qui nuisent à la phrase musicale. Par exemple, dans une texture principalement sul tasto et tranquille, ne choisissez pas un sul ponticello extrêmement perçant et des changements d’archet très rapides qui a"irent l’a"ention à l’interprète.

Système d’intonationLe système d’intonation de quarts de tons est un peu comme un système pseudo-Renaissance inventé. Les quarts de tons doivent donc être bien accordés dans le contexte de chaque sonorité verticale, comme on le ferait pour une intonation juste. L’intention c’est de créer une texture de chorale claire et lisse, pas de “salir” une progression autrement tonale. Le public ne devrait pas tellement remarquer les quarts de tons; c’est plutôt question de faire l’expérience d’une harmonie familière mais un peu étrange, comme si elle consistait d’une gamme d’une autre époque ou culture.

Instructions in BoxesChoose between the various techniques in the boxes in order to create a texture that changes slightly from one rhythmic duration to the next. Combine at will and independently, changing techniques every 1-4 durations. For example:

poco s.p. �� molto s.t. indicates the entire range of bow positions between slightly toward the bridge and very far up the !ngerboard. #erefore, poco sul ponticello, ordinario, poco sul tasto, sul tasto, molto sul tasto, and every position in between.

≥!≤ �� ≥≤≥≤≥≤ indicates making bow changes more frequently than normal. #erefore, for one rhythmic duration, the player might choose to play with normal bowing, while in the next duration, the player might instead decide to change bow direction one or two times more than necessary.

Avoid extreme gestures that detract from the musical phrase. For instance, in a texture that is predominantly sul tasto and still, do not choose a piercing sul ponticello and very fast bow changes that a"ract a"ention to the player.

Intonation System#e quartertone tuning system used in the piece is sort of like an invented, pseudo-Renaissance system. #e quartertones must therefore be carefully tuned within the context of each vertical sonority, like what would be done for just intonation. #e intention is to create a chorale-like texture that is transparent and smooth, as opposed to taking a tonal progression and adding some “dirt”. #e audience shouldn’t even really notice the quartertones; it’s more about hearing a harmony that is familiar but somehow a li"le strange, as it if were based on a scale from some other period or culture.

Program Notes: !The material of BOK BOX! is derived from a series of Messiaen-like transcriptions of domesticated chickens. I present these transcriptions in their literal forms, as well as many “boks” and “clucks” that are stretched, compressed, reversed, etc. The form of the work attempts to parallel the life of these animals from organic existence to eventual agricultural processing.

Quarter Tones:

Niente:

The niente dynamic markings are of extreme importance in this work. There should be as little initial articulation as possible. “ Part of my musical thinking is to have the sound sourceless… My pieces fail if one can say: 'Ah, there's a trombone, there's a horn'. I like the instruments to… become anonymous” - Morton Feldman, “Morton Feldman talks to Paul Griffiths” (1972)

The piece requires two sets of diatonic harmonicas in all 12 keys. Label the key of each harmonica with masking tape for ease of play.

Harmonicas

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Upward arrow = blow air out

Downward arrow = draw air in

Darkened squares mark holes to be blown through.

Blurring technique: Move gradually from one mouth position to another. Rhythmic precision is not required, but the general rate of change should be retained.

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Cassette Tape Players

Seven small, portable cassette tape players are required. The tapes will be distributed by the composer. Each cassette tape player should be at maximum volume to produce as much tape hiss as possible. The tapes will be recorded at a very low level to compensate for the tape players’ volume.

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Ensemble Setup

Pan Lid (small)

Pan Lids (medium and large)

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