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    Footings & Foundations

    FOUNDATIONS(WORKING DRAWING)

    P.BY:

    Ar. ANMOL GARG(Lecturer, Deptt. of Architectural Assistantship)

    GOVT. POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE, BATHINDA

    Cont.: 09914410599

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    Footings & Foundations

    INTRODUCTION TO FOUNDATIONS

    Function of a foundation is to transfer

    the structural loads from a buildingsafely into the ground.

    A larger and heavier building ofmasonry, steel, or concrete would

    require its foundations to go deeper

    into earth such that the soil or the rockon which it is founded is competent to

    carry its massive loads.

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    Footings & Foundations

    Foundation Components

    Footing

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    Footings & Foundations

    Foundation Components

    (to attach wood stud sill plate)

    (to keep water off of foundation wall)

    (separates slab from foundation wall)

    (to keep water off of slab)

    (to keep water off of slab & moisture barrier)(moves water away from building)

    (moves water away

    from building)

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    Footings & Foundations

    Site Preparation

    Remove trees and any debris

    Remove top soil (4-6 below surface)

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    Site Layout

    Ensure lot lines are known & setbacks are complete

    Layout building perimeter

    Use batter boards

    Establish building corners & building perimeter

    Use surveying instruments

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    Excavation

    Excavate foundation along line created by batter boards

    Excavate remainder of soil inside perimeter

    Dont excavate inside soil if slab on grade

    If deep foundation, taper edges to prevent collapse

    If soil unstable, or very deep - use shoring

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    Pour FootingsConstruct formwork (if required)

    Install reinforcement (rebar) for footings(protrudes above footing to tie-into

    foundation wall)

    Pour concrete footingsSmooth / finish surface

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    Rules of Thumb

    Footing shall be below frost line

    Footing width usually 2x height

    Typical size (24wide x 12tall)

    Rebar is usually 3from edge of concrete

    Crawl spaces should have rigid insulation

    along the interior face of the foundation wall

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    TYPES OF FOUNDATION

    Major Building Parts

    Superstructure

    Substructure

    Foundation

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    TYPES OF FOUNDATION

    Two types foundations : Shallow and

    Deep

    Depends on whether the load transferis at

    deeper depths or shallower depths

    - Need for these two types (soil strength,

    ground water conditions, foundation loads,construction methods and impact on

    adjacent property)

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    TYPES OF FOUNDATION

    Shallow foundations (column footings

    without or with tie/grade beams, individual

    or combined wall footing, slab on grade,

    raft)

    - Deep foundations (caissons with or

    without sockets, end bearing or friction

    piles, pile groups), made of concrete(regular or site-cast) or steel or wood

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    Shallow Foundations

    Requirements

    Suitable soil bearing capacity

    Undisturbed soil or engineered fill

    Basic types or configurations

    Column footings

    Wall or strip footings

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    Combination Spread & Strip Footing

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    Shallow Foundations

    Stepped strip

    footings

    Grade Beams

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    Footings & Foundations

    Shallow Foundations

    Mat foundation

    Floating (Mat)

    foundation

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    Deep Foundations - Purpose

    Transfer building loads deep into the earth

    Basic types

    Drilled (& poured)

    Driven

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    Footings & Foundations

    Pile material

    Steel; H- piles, Steel pipe

    Concrete; Site cast or Precast

    Wood; Timber

    Composite

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    Driven Piles

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    Precast Concrete Plies

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    P.BY:

    Ar. ANMOL GARG(Lecturer, Deptt. of Architectural Assistantship)

    GOVT. POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE, BATHINDA

    Cont.: 09914410599