FOOTBALLFOOTBALL

COLLEGE LEVELCOLLEGE LEVEL

November 6, 1869-November 6, 1869-Rutgers and Princeton Rutgers and Princeton

UniversitiesUniversities

Field: 120 Yards Long, 75 Field: 120 Yards Long, 75 YardsYards

Round, Soccer-Style BallRound, Soccer-Style Ball

First Contest: Rutgers wins First Contest: Rutgers wins 6-46-4

1883: 5 points for field 1883: 5 points for field goals, goals,

2 points for touchdowns 2 points for touchdowns and and

4 points for kicking.4 points for kicking.

1884: Touchdowns were 4 1884: Touchdowns were 4 points, points, point after point after conversion-2 points, conversion-2 points, field field goals were 5 pointsgoals were 5 points

1898: Touchdowns 5 points1898: Touchdowns 5 pointsPoint after - 1 pointPoint after - 1 pointField goal 5 pointsField goal 5 points

1912: Touchdown 6 points1912: Touchdown 6 pointsField goal 3 pointsField goal 3 points

Note: No forward pass is Note: No forward pass is allowedallowed

1905: 18 players were killed 1905: 18 players were killed 159 were injured159 were injuredPresident Roosevelt President Roosevelt

called for called for reform.reform.

1905: NCAA was formed1905: NCAA was formed(Intercollegiate Athletic (Intercollegiate Athletic Association).Association).

Flying WedgeFlying Wedge

Walter Camp:Walter Camp:Father of American Father of American

FootballFootball Developed Line of ScrimmageDeveloped Line of Scrimmage 11 Players per Team11 Players per Team 110 Yard Field110 Yard Field Developed Concept of DownsDeveloped Concept of Downs

College Football: Black College Football: Black AthletesAthletes

First Black All-American - First Black All-American - William Henry Lewis of William Henry Lewis of

Amherst CollegeAmherst College

William Henry LewisWilliam Henry Lewis

Born in Berkeley, Virginia, Born in Berkeley, Virginia, 1868 1868

5’7” and weighed 180 pounds5’7” and weighed 180 pounds Began Career at the Center Began Career at the Center

PositionPosition Team Captain (2 years)Team Captain (2 years)

William Henry LewisWilliam Henry Lewis

1892: George 1892: George FlippenFlippen

University of University of NebraskaNebraska

Nebraska State Journal:Nebraska State Journal:

““Flippen went through the Flippen went through the center like a cannonball, and center like a cannonball, and Denver had a special push for Denver had a special push for him. He was kicked, slugged, him. He was kicked, slugged, and jumped on, but never and jumped on, but never knocked out, and gave as knocked out, and gave as good as he received. (He good as he received. (He became a physician.)”became a physician.)”

The first game between a The first game between a white and black college was white and black college was

held in New York City in held in New York City in 1947.1947.

Wilberforce College (oldest Wilberforce College (oldest black college) defeated black college) defeated

Bergen College of New Jersey Bergen College of New Jersey 40-12.40-12.

Paul RobesonPaul Robeson

1915: Rutgers 1915: Rutgers UniversityUniversity

1916: Game against 1916: Game against W&L did not play W&L did not play because of racismbecause of racism

Played professional Played professional football to pay law football to pay law school tuition: school tuition: Columba UniversityColumba University

Dr. Charles West: W&JDr. Charles West: W&J

1920-1924: Football 1920-1924: Football running back.running back.

1922: Fist Black QB: 1922: Fist Black QB: Rose BowlRose Bowl

1923 and 1924: 1923 and 1924: National Pentathlon National Pentathlon ChampChamp

Visit to WVU: 1921Visit to WVU: 1921 Medical Degree: Medical Degree:

Howard University- Howard University- Football CoachFootball Coach

1917 Washington High 1917 Washington High SchoolSchool

1921 WVU1921 WVU

1927 Track and Field1927 Track and Field

Football in 1946 was Football in 1946 was the backbone of the the backbone of the black colleges dating black colleges dating back to the 1890’s.back to the 1890’s.

HBCU Athletic ConferencesHBCU Athletic Conferences

Central Intercollegiate Athletic Central Intercollegiate Athletic Conference: Shaw, Livingstone, Conference: Shaw, Livingstone, Johnson C. Smith, Bowie State, Johnson C. Smith, Bowie State, Virginia UnionVirginia Union

Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference: Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference: Hampton, Northfolk State, Morgan, Hampton, Northfolk State, Morgan, Howard, South Carolina State, Howard, South Carolina State, Deleware StateDeleware State

HBCU Sport ConferencesHBCU Sport Conferences

Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference: Lincoln, Stillman, Morehouse, Conference: Lincoln, Stillman, Morehouse, Fort Valley State, Alabama A&M, Fort Valley State, Alabama A&M, Kentucky State, Clark Atlanta, Lane, Kentucky State, Clark Atlanta, Lane, TuskegeeTuskegee

Southwestern Athletic Conference: Southwestern Athletic Conference: Alabama State, Jackson State, Mississippi Alabama State, Jackson State, Mississippi Valley, Southern, Grambling, Texas Valley, Southern, Grambling, Texas Southern, Prairie View A&MSouthern, Prairie View A&M

Heisman Trophy:Heisman Trophy:The First African American The First African American

Athlete WinnersAthlete WinnersSelected by Downtown Selected by Downtown

Athletic Club Since 1935Athletic Club Since 1935

John W. Heisman, 1917 John W. Heisman, 1917 Georgia Tech National Georgia Tech National

Champion Coach was founder.Champion Coach was founder.

Jay Berwanger - 1935 First Jay Berwanger - 1935 First Winner, University of ChicagoWinner, University of Chicago

Ernie Davis (#44) Syracuse Ernie Davis (#44) Syracuse University 1961 (First African University 1961 (First African American to be awarded the American to be awarded the

Heisman Trophy)Heisman Trophy)

Mike Garrett (#20) USC - Mike Garrett (#20) USC - Running Back - 1965Running Back - 1965

O.J. Simpson (#32) - USC - O.J. Simpson (#32) - USC - Running Back - 1968Running Back - 1968

Archie Griffin - Ohio State Archie Griffin - Ohio State Running Back - 1974, 1975 Running Back - 1974, 1975

(Ran for 100 yards or more in (Ran for 100 yards or more in 31 straight games)31 straight games)

Tony Dorsett - University of Tony Dorsett - University of Pittsburgh - Running Back - Pittsburgh - Running Back -

19761976

Earl Campbell - University of Earl Campbell - University of Texas Running Back - 1977Texas Running Back - 1977

Billy Sims - Oklahoma - Billy Sims - Oklahoma - Running Back - 1978 Running Back - 1978

(averaged 7 yards a carry)(averaged 7 yards a carry)

Marcus Allen - USC - Running Marcus Allen - USC - Running Back 1981Back 1981

Herschel Walker (#34) - Herschel Walker (#34) - University of Georgia - University of Georgia - Running Back - 1982Running Back - 1982

George Rogers - South George Rogers - South Carolina Carolina

Running Back - 1983Running Back - 1983

Bo Jackson - Auburn - Bo Jackson - Auburn - Running Back - 1985Running Back - 1985

Barry Sanders - Oklahoma Barry Sanders - Oklahoma State University - Running State University - Running

Back - 1988Back - 1988

Andre Ware - Houston - 1989Andre Ware - Houston - 1989

Desmond Howard - Michigan Desmond Howard - Michigan - 1991- 1991

Charlie Ward - Florida State - Charlie Ward - Florida State - 19931993

Rashaan Salaam - Colorado - Rashaan Salaam - Colorado - 19941994

Eddie George - Ohio State - Eddie George - Ohio State - 19951995

Charles Woodson - Michigan - Charles Woodson - Michigan - 19971997

Ricky Williams - Texas - 1998Ricky Williams - Texas - 1998

Ron Dayne - Wisconsin - Ron Dayne - Wisconsin - 19991999

Heissman TrophyHeissman Trophy

Between 1971 - 1994:Between 1971 - 1994:

Ten awardees or 67% Ten awardees or 67% were black and all were were black and all were

running backs.running backs.

FOOTBALLFOOTBALL

PROFESSIONALPROFESSIONAL

1892: Yale All-American 1892: Yale All-American guard guard William “Pudge” William “Pudge” Heffelfinger Heffelfinger received a received a $500 “performance bonus” $500 “performance bonus” from Allegheny Athletic from Allegheny Athletic Association to join their team Association to join their team for a game with the for a game with the Pittsburgh Athletic Club (AAA Pittsburgh Athletic Club (AAA won 4-0).won 4-0).

1893: Pittsburgh Athletic 1893: Pittsburgh Athletic Club hired Grant Dibert for Club hired Grant Dibert for the entire season.the entire season.

1902: 2 Philadelphia teams 1902: 2 Philadelphia teams (Athletics and Phillies) (Athletics and Phillies)

joined joined with Pittsburgh Stars with Pittsburgh Stars to form the to form the National National Football League.Football League.

1904: 7 of the games top 1904: 7 of the games top professional teams were professional teams were

in Ohioin Ohio

1920: Meeting in Canton, 1920: Meeting in Canton, Ohio, formed new league - Ohio, formed new league - American Professional American Professional Football Association (APFA). Football Association (APFA). George Hales - Prime Mover George Hales - Prime Mover (Manager and coach of (Manager and coach of Decatur, IL).Decatur, IL).

1921: APFA comprised of 22 1921: APFA comprised of 22 teams.teams.

1922: APFA changed name 1922: APFA changed name to NFL to NFL Hales renamed his team -Hales renamed his team -moved to Chicago - became moved to Chicago - became Bears.Bears.

Professional Football:Professional Football:Black PlayersBlack Players

1902: Charles W. Follis - 1902: Charles W. Follis - Cloverdale, Virginia - Played for Cloverdale, Virginia - Played for Shelby Athletic Association and Shelby Athletic Association and moved to Wooster, Ohio moved to Wooster, Ohio (Wooster Athletic Association). (Wooster Athletic Association). Charles’ teammate was Branch Charles’ teammate was Branch Rickey, later President of Rickey, later President of Brooklyn Dodgers.Brooklyn Dodgers.

Charles Follis: Wooster High Charles Follis: Wooster High SchoolSchool

In a game against Toledo, it In a game against Toledo, it was stated, “The Shelby was stated, “The Shelby

halfback is a Negro, and the halfback is a Negro, and the crowd got after him early. crowd got after him early. The Toledo captain had to The Toledo captain had to

address the crowd.”address the crowd.”

Follis stopped playing Follis stopped playing football in 1906. (He was 6’ football in 1906. (He was 6’

tall and 200 pounds.)tall and 200 pounds.)

Fritz PollardFritz Pollard

5’8” and 165 5’8” and 165 pounds. pounds. Running BackRunning Back

Enrolled in Enrolled in Northwestern Northwestern U. :1913 but left U. :1913 but left college. He Just college. He Just wanted to play.wanted to play.

1914 he went to Brown 1914 he went to Brown University. Failed entrance University. Failed entrance exam in Spanish - Went to exam in Spanish - Went to Dartmouth, from there on to Dartmouth, from there on to Bates College - Finally back to Bates College - Finally back to Brown University.Brown University.

Game against Amherst, he Game against Amherst, he returned punt for 60 yards.returned punt for 60 yards.

Runs of 20-35 yards were Runs of 20-35 yards were common.common.

1921 - First Black in the NFL.1921 - First Black in the NFL.

In the 1930’s and 40’s, In the 1930’s and 40’s, blacks were forced out of blacks were forced out of professional football. (No professional football. (No Blacks played in the NFL Blacks played in the NFL during this time period.during this time period.

1934 - 1945: Blacks were 1934 - 1945: Blacks were excluded from NFL.excluded from NFL.

Blacks were seen as disciplinary Blacks were seen as disciplinary problems.problems.

White players demanded the White players demanded the black players be dropped. (Blacks black players be dropped. (Blacks were paid more than white were paid more than white players - $1500 - $1800 per players - $1500 - $1800 per game.)game.)

Racism - Local and National LevelRacism - Local and National Level

1946: All-American Football1946: All-American FootballConference (AAFC) Conference (AAFC)

was was organized and organized and allowed teams to sign blacks.allowed teams to sign blacks.Cleveland Browns signed Cleveland Browns signed Marion Motley. (1948 led in Marion Motley. (1948 led in rushing: 964 yards.)rushing: 964 yards.)Motley - First black player in Motley - First black player in the Hall of Fame (football).the Hall of Fame (football).Browns won AAFC: 1946-Browns won AAFC: 1946-19491949

Marion Motley: Browns- Marion Motley: Browns- 19461946

1946: All American 1946: All American Football Conference:Football Conference:

Black Football Black Football Players: Marion Players: Marion Motley, Bill Willis, Motley, Bill Willis, Kenny Washington Kenny Washington and Woody Strodeand Woody Strode

Motley: AAFC leading Motley: AAFC leading rusher ( 9 year pro)rusher ( 9 year pro)

Others/Black - Others/Black - 1947 Buddy Young, 1947 Buddy Young,

Running Running Back, New York Back, New York Yankees;Yankees;

Elmore Harris, Running Elmore Harris, Running Back, Back, Brooklyn Dodgers; Brooklyn Dodgers;

Bert Piggott, Running Back/ Bert Piggott, Running Back/ Defensive Back, L.A. Defensive Back, L.A.

Rams; Rams; Bill Bass, Running Bill Bass, Running Back/ Back/ Defensive Back, Defensive Back, Chicago Chicago RocketsRockets

AAFC Last Year Was 1949:AAFC Last Year Was 1949:

1949 L.A. Rams signed the 1949 L.A. Rams signed the first black from a HBCU - Paul first black from a HBCU - Paul

“Tank” Younger of “Tank” Younger of Grambling. He was a two Grambling. He was a two

time All-American.time All-American.

In 1962, the In 1962, the Washington Redskins Washington Redskins was the last team to was the last team to sign black - Bobby sign black - Bobby Mitchell. George Mitchell. George

Preston, owner, did not Preston, owner, did not want to sign blacks.want to sign blacks.