Food Waste Management _Bangladesh Perspective

SUMMARY Waste generation in huge amount is key feature of modern industrial and urban economic system, where increasing the production is a prime goal. Waste management is the mec hanism of col lecti on, tra nsport , processin g, rec ycl ing or dis pos al of waste mat eri als and is gene ral ly unde rta ken to red uce the ir eff ect on hea lth , aes the tic s or amenity. Waste management practices differ for developed and developing nations, for urban and rural areas, and for residential and industrial generators. Management for non- haza rdous res ide nti al and ins tit uti onal waste in met rop oli tan areas is usuall y the respon sibil ity of local government authorit ies, while management for non-haz ardous commercial and industrial waste is usually the responsibility of the generator. In Bangladesh the municipal authorities are mainly responsi ble for managing the waste. There are three systems of solid waste management, one is the ‘formal system’ where munici pal author ity is respon sibl e for solid waste manage ment other is the ‘community initiatives’ which is based on primary collection on solid waste by community based organization and finally ‘Informal system’ represented by the large informal labor force involved in the solid waste recycling trade chain dealing mainly with inorganic waste. Formal system is managed by municipal authority and based on the conventional concept of collection-transport-dumping of waste. In this system municipal authority simply collects the waste from the communal dustbins and transport at the final disposal side. The cleaners and sweepers are engaged in the conservancy - Depart me nt of municipalities to manage the huge amount of waste. In all the urban local bodies of Bangladesh an estimated 17000 MT of waste is gene rat ed ever y day; of wh ich onl y 40-50 %.cou ld be managed and re st remains unmanag ed. The rapid growth in populatio n over the las t two decades has created tremendous pressure on urban services, utilities and shelter affecting low-income people adv er se ly. The pover ty Reduct ion st ra tegy paper (PRSP ), of the government of Bangladesh gave special emphasis on waste management. The strategy has also focused on segregation of waste at source, efficient Collection & disposal, development of public- private partnership for wa ste management and promotion of recycli ng reduction & reuse of waste etc. In Bangla desh the food & Vegeta ble s Consti tut e the hig hes t por tio n in the municipal solid waste. The generated food waste varies from 70%-80% of total solid waste, but there is no separate Collection system for different waste. Food waste is gene rat ed from many source s, such as food manufa ctu rin g and proces sin g sec tor s, markets, institutions hospital, restaurant & house holds etc. Food and vegetables market produces a huge amount of food waste everyday, separating & managing these large scale food waste can result in both economic and environmental benefits. In food processing sectors in Bangladesh the most prevalent and most polluting indust ries suc h as shrimp proces sing ,juice, pas te, jel ly, baking ,potat o chi ps etc. Depending on the type of food waste, some of it is used as feed for farm animals, cattle’s, sheep, pigs, and other animals to consume some food wastes. Other types of food waste may be best used as compost feed. 1

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