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2016/PPFS/018 Agenda Item: 3

Food Systems Integrating Production, Value Chain and Nutritional Approaches - Experiences from the

Potato Food Systems

Purpose: Information Submitted by: Global Water Partnership

Policy Partnership on Food Security MeetingPiura, Peru

23-25 September 2016

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The water - food and energy nexus

Dra. Nicole Bernex

September 24th, 2016

Contents

1. Context2. Water - Food and Energy nexus.3. Lessons learned from GWP programs.

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1. CONTEXT

Key drivers of sustainability

Rapid population

growth

Increasingwater + food

+ energydemands

More stress on water and

natural resources

Source: http://snappa.press.net/?_escaped_fragment_=/assets/50fb39ec-27eb-3fa5-8976-662e7b37e380?feedId=news

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Forecast Urban Population Growth by Region, 2014-2030

Source: Euromonitor International

Source: http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf

World population distribution: urban and rural

Source: http://sites.psu.edu/aspsy/wp-content/uploads/sites/8070/2015/02/map.png

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Source: http://3hky4v206jda3tityl3u622q.wpengine.netd

na-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/agriculture-graph.jpg

Additionally and globally, agriculture accounts for approximately 3,100 billion m3, or 71 % of water withdrawals today, and without efficiency gains this will increase to 4,500 billion m3 by 2030. Source: The World Economic Forum Water Initiative. Water Security: The Water-Food-Energy-Climate Nexus 2011.

Increasing demand of food, 1960 - 2015

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The majority of modeling studies agree that climate change impacts on crop yields will be negative from the 2030s onwards. Nearly half of projections beyond 2050 indicate yield DECREASES GREATER THAN 10%.

Demand for water in energy production has been predicted toincrease severely as regional economies grow from 2000 to2030 (56% in LA, 63% in West Asia, 65% in Africa, 78% in Asia.(Source: World Economic Forum, 2011).

World potential for generatinghydroelectric energy (TWh/year) (IPCC, 2012)

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Bioethanol production in LAC countries in 2012

Agricultural land requirements to produce bioethanol for a 10% gasoline blend (percentages of planted sugarcane land, pasture land, and permanent cropland): 2012 base year

Source: data from FAO (2012) and EIA (2012)

• Situation will be each time more critical if we are doing nothing.

• It seems that each sector (water, food, energy) is working alone without conscience of the importance of strong interlinkages. Governance is a critical aspect.

• Food production demands water; water extraction, treatment, and redistribution demand energy and energy production requires water.

The highly interlinked needs for WATER-ENERGY-FOODrequires comprehensive solutions coordinated among different stakeholders. The common element that threads through all is WATER.

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2. WATER, FOOD AND ENERGY NEXUS

Water, energy, food, and ecosystems are essential for meetingbasic human needs. But each one is coming under pressure,and climate change is making things worse.

Water is used togenerate energy and inturn energy is used toprovide water. Climatechange acts as astressor of the already-intense competitionover water and energyresources.

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• If you have energy problem, you actually have a water problem: Water and energy demand are intimately intertwined and neither can exist without the other.

• Energy and water demands increase with income: At low income levels, energy and water are used for basic needs such as drinking, cooking and heating. However, as incomes increase, more energy and water is used for new lifestyles and needs.

• Impacts on ecosystems: High demand and extraction of water and energy resources for industrial, agriculture and domestic use can have adverse impacts on ecosystem inform of loss of habitat, pollution and changes in biological processes.

• Climate change affects energy use: The challenges of climate change and population growth are expected to aggravate the current increasing demand and imbalances in water availability and energy use.

Source: http://www.gwp.org/en/Tool

Box/CRITICAL-CHALLENGES1/Water-and-

Energy/

A need for bridges through many different approaches

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Need for a revisited vision to inter-dependencies

• The Nexus approach can facilitate improvement of water, energy and food security, while preserving ecosystems and their functions, and contributing to adapting to climate change, by:

- increasing efficiency and productivity of resources,- reducing trade-offs,- shifting towards more sustainable consumption patterns and improving demand management,- building synergies and improving governance across sectors, through policy mainstreaming and cross-fertilization.

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3. LESSONS LEARNED FROM GWP PROGRAMS.

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1. Mitigation and adaptation are mutually supportive

• Effective mitigation will reduce the need to adapt and limit damages related to climate change.

• Effective adaptation will help put communities on more resilient development pathways, which, in turn, will assist for better mitigation

There is a vast renewable energy potential in the region, largely linked with water and climate adaptation

Nevertheless, solutions need to be tailor-made and localized: ONE-SIZE DOES NOT FIT ALL

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Advancing the Nexus agenda in Peru:GWP-SAM contribution

Improved Transectorial Interaction to Generate Resilience to Climate Change and Water Security in Santa Eulalia Sub-Basin –Peru: A pilot initiative by GWP South America

To contribute towards better water governance in Rimac Water

basin by demonstrating how improved transectorial interaction is an effective strategy to achieve

water security and develop resilience to climate change for

population wellness, vital ecosystems and accomplishment

of sustainable development goals.

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Lima : nearly 1/3 of Peruvian population, increasing demand of water, food and energy.

Santa Eulalia watershed (9 municipalities and 33,985 inhabitants, 2015) supply Lima with 70% of the energy and 50% of water.Lima has 49 municipalities and 9’635,324 inhabitants, 2015).

WP 2• Building of dialogues. Positions of MMVSE y ACCNH moved closer to each other.

Constitution of the GET, Regulation and working groups.

WP 3• Road map approved by consensus• Elaboration of a financial strategy (investments No / low regrets)

WP 4• Capacity building for rural municipalities (PO, PE), SNIP,…

WP 5• Development of green solutions (Rainwater harvesting for aquifer recharge,

forestation,…)

WP 6• Development of women and youth capacity building in IWRM. Water culture

WP 7• Creation of processes of diffusion and communication.

WP 8• Process of strengthening of the network and of the GET.

First results

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In this process, we highlight the importance of:• Strengthening the governance: essential for the process.• Participation: it is a key strategy: people have to embrace any

aimed change.• Improvement of consumers behavior: to make it, awareness,

education and engagement are needed. • Youth: a target group to heavily invest on.

Exploring the nexus in the Santa Eulalia BasinThe different actors and KTH-dESA start dialogues to develop a nexus assessment of the basin consisting on the investigation of how the different resources in the basin are used, in order to provide insights on how different sectors interact and depend upon. This will allow for the identification of key trade-offs and opportunities for synergies across sectors.The nexus approach underlines the interdependence of water, energy and food security and the natural resources that underpin that security – water, soil and land.

Based on a better understanding of the interdependence of water, energy and climate policy, this new approach identifies mutually beneficial responses and provides an informed and transparent framework for determining trade-offs and synergies that meet demand without compromising sustainability. The following guiding principles are central to the nexus approach:• investing to sustain ecosystem services.• creating more with less.• accelerating access, integrating the poorest.

Concluding

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In order to progress in the direction of a sustainable growth, it is important to deepen our understanding of these interlinkages and develop corresponding management methods in the next decades; addressing water security in the present orientated to future water needs for economic growth considering food security and all other resources.

(Source: Katherine Vammen, Co-chair, Water Program of the IANAS, 2016).

Concluding

nbernex@pucp.edu.pe