Food Security in The ASEAN Region
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Transcript of Food Security in The ASEAN Region
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Food Security in the ASEAN
RegionRosa S. Rolle, Ph.D
Senior Agro-Industries and Post-
harvest OfficerFAO Regional Office for Asia and thePacific
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FOOD SECURITY
Food security existswhen all people at
all times havephysical andeconomic access tosafe and nutritious
food for a healthyand active life(FAO, 1996). Source: FAO (1995) Dimensions of need-An Atlas of Food and Agriculture
Ingredients of Food Security
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Dimensions of Food Security
Availability Sufficient quantity of food nationally, from domestic
production, net imports and other sources
Access People have adequate resources to obtain foodAffordability of the food supply
Utilization Use of food through diet, clean water, sanitation and health to attain
nutritional well being.
Stability Low risk of losing access to food as a consequence of shocks
(economic or climatic risks) or cyclical events
Refers to both access and availability.
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The Asia-Pacific Context Asia and the Pacific region
recorded the highest economicgrowth among all regions
across the globe over the pastdecade.
Asia and the Pacific Region
also recorded the highestnumber of the worldschronically hungry populationin 2012 536 million people or
62 % of the undernourished.
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Great Strides Have Been Made in SEA Toward
Reducing Undernourishment During the Period
1990- 2012
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
1990 - 92 1999 -
2001
2004 -
2006
2007 -
2009
2010 -
2012
29.6%
20 %
15.8 %
13.2 %
10.9 %
Num
berofUndern
ourished
(millions)
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Rapid Income Growth Has Supported
Growth in Per Capita Food Consumption
Across Asian Countries
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Dietary Change Supported by Income Growth is
Taking Place Across ASEAN Countries
01
2
3
4
5
6
7
1995-1997
2000 - 2002
2005 - 2007
%o
fTotalEnergySupply
Source: Selected Indicators , FAO - RAP 2011
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The Contribution of Cereals and Starchy Roots to
Caloric Intake in Diets is Declining is Declining
58
60
62
64
66
68
70
1995-1997 2000 - 2002 2005 - 2007
Pulses
Starch roots
Cereals
Kilocalories
(%)
Source: Selected Indicators , FAO - RAP 2011
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The Region is Rapidly Urbanizing
0
10
20
30
40
50
ASEANAsia-Pacific
42.4 43.1
1990
2011
Urba
nPopulation(%)
31.6
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Urban Poverty in ASEAN is Increasing
%
URBAN
POOR
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Urban Slum Population - Countries in Asia
and the Pacific, 2005
Source : UNESCAP
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Food Availability in the Region
Since 1975, the
regions agriculturehas supplied enoughfood to satisfydemand and reduce
food insecurity.
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A Number of Factors Threaten the
Regions Food Supply
Slowing growth in agricultural production
Declining land and water resources
High Levels of food losses and growing problem of
food waste Climate change
Bio-energy production
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Underlying Causes of ProductivityDecline
Deterioration of soil and water Soil degradation
Pest build up
Limited expenditure on R& D for upgrading
production systems
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Is there Enough Land For Food Production?
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Are Water Resources Adequate?
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Can Food Be Increased from A Fully Exploited
Arable Land Base and Scarcity of Water
Resources?
FAO projections indicate that increasing food productionwould be feasible with an intensification of production.
The projected intensification will carry increasedenvironmental pressure that needs to be addressedthrough improved and more eco-friendly and climate-smart cultivation techniques.
This also necessitates that greater attention be accordedto the development of food crops of high productivitythat can grow well on marginal lands and that cantolerate growth in unique habitats such as fresh waterswamps and saline conditions.
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Table Waste Post-harvest Loss
Post-harvest Lossesare high and foodwaste particularlytable waste - is agrowing problem
across the region
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Underlying Causes of Post-harvest Losses inTraditional Supply Chains
Lack of a market orientation Pest infestations and disease
Poor organization and weak integration of supplychains
Poor/inadequate infrastructure and market facilities
Poor/inadequate bulk packaging
Lack of dedicated transport systems
Limited knowledge base of stakeholdersWeak institutional support for post-harvest sytems
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Climate Change Will Impact
Agriculture and Water Resources
Extracted from Stern 2007
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SEA Countries are Pursuing Biofuel
Production
Indonesia and Malaysia lead in production andexport ofbiodieselfrom palm oil
Thailandproduces ethanol and biodiesel
Philippinesproduces and usesbiodiesel
Viet Nam produces ethanol and biodiesel
Myanmar, Laos and Cambodia producebiodiesel
Source: Bhandhubanyong (2008)
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0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
IndonesiaMalaysia
PhilippinesThailand
Viet Nam
2008-2010
2020
(millionlitres)
Projected Growth in Bio-ethanol Production in
ASEAN Countries
Source: Selected Indicators , FAO - RAP 2011
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Feedstocks for Biofuel Production
Palm, coconut and jathropa and oil palm forbiodiesel production
Cassava, sugar cane, and maize for ethanolproduction.
Without appropriate policies, production offeedstock for biofuels will increasinglycompete with food production and water use.
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Recommended Measures to Mitigate Food
Security Threats
Investments are required to support basic researchinto agricultural production and to upgrade
technical capacities and the institutional andinfrastructural support base to support post-harvestloss reduction.
Investments are required to deal with the threatposed by climate change
Focus on technologies that reduce carbon emmissionsand mitigate the environmental impact of agriculture
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Recommended Measures to Mitigate
the Food Security Threats
Innovative food security policies that supportthe integration of bio-energy crop production
with food production are, critical to achievingfood and energy security simultaneously.
Awareness must be raised at all level as to theimpacts and implications of food losses and foodwaste on food security.
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Thank you
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