[Food Processing] Fisheries Freshwater, Aquaculture, Shrimpfarming Supply Chain, Upstream,...

8/18/2019 [Food Processing] Fisheries Freshwater, Aquaculture, Shrimpfarming Supply Chain, Upstream, Downstream, Marin…

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Prologue

syllabus of UPSC Mains (GS) topics in this article

(GS1) Distribution of key natural resourcesacross the world and India

just a brief table onEEZ

(GS2) Govern ent !olicies andinterventions for develo! ent in varioussectors

"o !rehensive#arine $ishin%&olicy' 2

(GS2) *elfare sche es for vulnerablesections of the !o!ulation

$isher en *elfareSche e

(GS+) $ood !rocessin% and relatedindustries in India,sco!e and si%nificance'location' u!strea and downstreare-uire ents' su!!ly chain ana%e ent.

/elated tofreshwater' saltwaterand shri !s.

later0 we ll see $ood !rocessin%3 &oultry' eat' tea' coffee' wine'edible oil.

Fisheries: Scope/significance

Ranking • India is the second lar%est !roducer of

fish in the world

G P contribution• 456 within GD& fro a%ri,allied sector.

• 4 .76 within total GD&.

!"port (#$%%&%#'ata) • Indian $ish e8!ort 9:+5 illion dollar

•

Indian eat e8!ort 4:+ illion


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dollar

• still' India s share in world e8!ort Isbarely .16 (for each fish and eatindividually)

Gi es e ploy entto ore than

• + fisher en villa%es

• 7 lakh fisher en fa ilies

• lakh fisher en

Top 5 fish producers

*op&+ Countries (#$$, 'ata) *op&+ States (#$%# 'ata)

1. "hina

2. India

+. &eru

. Indonesia

5. ;ietna

1. erala

5. ?a il @adu

So e stu!id nu bers fro econo ic survey

E8!ort (2 11,12data)

e8!ort (a!!ro8.#illion dollar)

India s share in worldtrade (a!!ro8.)

$ish + +6

#eat 2A 26


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Geographical a' antage:

"oast Bine ore than 71 k s

"ontinental Shelf 4half illion s-.k

E8clusive Econo ic Zone (EEZ) ore than 2 illion s-.k

C illions of hectares of !onds' tanks' rivers' reservoirs' canals'brackish water area.

!!- !"clusi e !cono ic -one?he EEZ of India can be further divided into the followin% re%ions0

.!S* C 0S*12#3F !!-

@orth*est Gujarat #aharashtra

South*est Goa' >arnataka >erala

!0S* C 0S*1#43F !!-

BowerEast

?a il @adu'


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1. #arine


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+. + 6 to 6 of the catch is discarded by fisher en in hi%h seasbecause juvenile fish who don t fetch %ood !rices in arketHresource lost.

. Durin% breedin% season' fishin% is banned in coastal waters. =utthe authorities don t enforce it strictly.

5. Back of surveillance of territorial watersH even outsiders(&akistani fisher en) do ille%al fishin% in our area.

. ?he EEZ around


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and $isheries.

• ?heir jurisdictionsMres!onsibilities are stillnot clearly defined

• /esult0 overla!!in%' lack of syner%y.

• $reshwater a-uaculture' contributed to theN=lue /evolution in the country in late1KA s. =ut not it is now al ost sta%natin%in ter s of yield rates.

M9R!G0

• $ish !roduction can be enhanced 2 to ti es by creatin% ore rainfed water bodiesvia #@/EG< labour. =ut this !otential islar%ely i%nored.

0 U0CU;*UR!

• $ish feed not available at reasonable

!rices.• #ost far ers are s allM ar%inal' don t

know best !ractices in cultivation' !ost,harvest ana%e ent for fish far in%.

• waste dis!osal done in hy%ienic annerHenviron ental i !lications

Shri p&far ing7Upstrea

• @ellor District'


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also diseased.

• If you i !ort the brooder stockHthere are nore%ulationM-uality checks Hinfected stockH9theshri !s thus %rown have variety ofdiseaseHrejected in SME for e8!ort.

• $or a-uacultureMshri ! culture' you need to%et a!!roval fro State fisheries De!art ent.=ut Fften' the state de!art ents take +,

onths to scrutini e docu entsH !rojecti !le entation delayed.

09*5


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7Processing

9 *0


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#ore than 1M+ rd of Indians eat fish but de and for P!rocessedfishQHli ited because

• Indian consu er !refer wet (fresh) fish rather than !rocessed

fish.• "ost of !rocessed fish !roductH 2 ,256 hi%her than fresh fish.

(due to indirect ta8es)

• Desi "onsu ers !refer to buy fresh fish fro wet arkets and!rocess it at ho e

• ?herefore' Indian fish !rocessin% se% entHentirely e8!ort,

oriented' due to lack of localMdo estic de and

59F;0*5 9

• $ish !rices ore than doubled durin% theEleventh &lan' a hi%her inflation than eithercro!s or any other livestock se% ent.

• ?his is ne%atively affectin% business andde and.

M0R>!*59G

• ?here is inade-uate awareness aboutnutritional benefits of fish.

• @eed arketin% ca !ai%n to increase desi,de and, showin% hy%ienic' healthy'consistent -uality of branded' !acka%ed fish

!roducts over the unhy%ienic acchi,arket.

R!*05;!RS

• Bar%e nu ber of retailers are unable to sell!rocessed fish !roducts because they don thave due to coolin% stora%e facilities Celectricity !roble s.


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M0R>!*59GR!S!0RC@

• *e don t e8!ort /eady to eat arine!roducts in si%nificant volu es' because weare not aware of varied tastes and cuisinesin different re%ions of the world

• need invest ent in arketin% research inforei%n consu ers food !references.

UMP59G

• S De!art ent of "o erce has i !osedan anti,du !in% duty on Indian Shri !.

ore on du !in%' already discussed clicke

R!A!C*5 9S• SME Mforei%n countries often reject our

fishMshri ! car%os for traces of antibiotics'heavy, etals' foul s ell.

Go ern ent Policies/Sche esAuris'iction:

States #arine fisheries within the territorial waters are the subjectof ariti e states

"entr

e

$isheries beyond this li it within the EEZ fall in the

jurisdiction of "entral Govern ent.

Co prehensi e Marine Fishing PolicyB #$$2

=y De!art ent of


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1. SU


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o eco labelin% of arine !roducts

2. 0**!9*5 9 * F5S@!RM!9

o

Each fisher an household would be %iven a card for easyidentification.

o Stren%then "oo!erative ove ent of fisher en

o nifor ity in central,state welfare sche es for fisher an.

o Greater !artici!ation of coo!eratives' @GFs and local self,Govern ents

o Govern ent to contribute towards Insurance sche e foronly those fisher en who do not own a boat.

o $isher en Lousin% Sche es will unified and i !le entedas a aster !lan throu%h a national a%ency.

+. 0**!9*5 9 * !9?5R 9M!9*

o res!onsible and sustainable fishin% !ractices to &reserveenviron ent and biodiversity

o Strict ban on all ty!es of destructive ethods of fishin%.

o /e%ulate #esh si es in different !arts of the fishin% %ear.&enalties for violations of esh re%ulations.

o &rohibit "atchin% of juveniles and non, tar%eteds!eciesH!rohibited

o %reater liaison between "entral and State &ollution "ontrol=oard to control all industrial establish ents dischar%in%effluents in to the sea

o La ard


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o L/D' / D' use of I?' stren%thenin% arine database viasatellites etc.

9ational Fisheries e elop ent


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Stren%thenin% ofDatabase Geo%ra!hic

Infor ation Syste for$isheries Sector.

• nder the sche e' inland waterbodies are surveyed and a!!edin the States.

• *ork already finished in *.=en%al.

Fisher en .elfare Sche e

In the K s' there were ulti!le sche es for fisher en welfare but inid,2 s' all of the co bined into sin%le P"entrally S!onsored

@ational Sche e on *elfare of $isher enQ (duh' no catchy

na eMabbreviation' not na ed after you know who . but then a%ain'sche e falls under De!art ent of


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to landless fisher en.

1 59SUR09C!

• Grou!


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ca%es.

• !rice of !o !ano is about /s.2 M,!er k%' ?hes!ecies is able to accli ati e and %row well inthe vast low saline and brackish waters of ourcountry.

5nternational Support

• Several international or%ani ations' includin% the *orld =ank'@D& ' D) has !rovided technical aid for the !revention of !ost,

harvest losses in arine fisheries. /ecently' $


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such as ca%e culture' !en culture etc. for au% entin% fish!roduction.

Mock uestions

MC s

1. "orrect State ent about EEZ of India

a. Eastern "ost has lar%er area under EEZ than *estern"ost

b. < on% nion ?erritories' Bakshadwee! is surrounded bythe a8i u EEZ area.

c. =oth

d. @one

2. "orrect state ents about yellow fin tuna

a. $ound in the shallow coastal waters around Bakshadwee!

b. It is on ver%e of beco in% e8tinct' because of destructivefishin% in this re%ion.

c. =oth

d. @one

escripti e

• 2

1. Fbstacles to &ink /evolution in India

2. #FDEB $ISLE/#E@ ;IBB


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1. Issues affectin% su!!ly chain of arine fisheries.

2. *rite a note on "entrally S!onsored @ational Sche e on*elfare of $isher en.

+. Enu erate the salient features of the "o !rehensive#arine $ishin% &olicy.

. Define

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