SpeciesZonesLightMoistureSoil textureSoil pHFormHeightWidthRoot SpanLifespanGrowth RateNative?Edible?Medicinal?Nitrogen fixer?Ground cover?Dynamic Accumulator?Nectary?Cover crop?Seed/stock Sources (see tab 2 for key)Local examplesSourcesNotesIf Edible: Flavor Profile

AlfalfaDrought tolerant6.8 7.5herb3' (1m)annualxxBGExcellent cover crop. Used as hay for cows (especially milk), goats, sheep, and horses.Alpine Strawberry5Some shadeMoistS, L, Cacid-neutralshrubfruitxPFAFTolerates heavy clay. Fruit is smaller than normal strawberries (1.5 cm) but abundant. Loses vigor after first few years. Likes pine needle mulch. Grows well with bush beans, spinach, borage, lettuce and pyrethrumAmaranth0Full sunDrought tolerantseeds, leavesUWG, BG, SoC, JLHSPFAF, AFCMHi protein. Drought-tolerant once established. Sown in late may/early june. Cuttings root easily. >1000 lbs grain/acre in upper midwest.American Persimmon4Some shadeMoistxfruitxOGWEFGArugulaAsparagusSun or shadeMoistS, L, C6.5 or higherherb, large5' 3'w coastal EuropestalksxPFAFStalks are harvested in the spring and are a good source of protein and fiber. Can be eaten steamed, boiled, pickled, or raw in salads. A good companion plant for tomatoes, parsley and basilDon't harvest first two years to allow roots to get established.Austrian Winter Pea3S, L, CannualSproutsxxxhttp://www.permaculture.org/nm/images/uploads/Enriching_Soil_Through_Cover_Cropping_by_Kate_Tieman.pdfGood cold-season cover crop. Edible sprouts. Fixes nitrogen at 70-125 lbs/acre. Does well in heavy soils.Bali CherryBarberry3Some shadeDrought tolerantvshrub10'6'mberriesxDBGPFAFthe 1/2 in fruit has a very acid flavor and is mainly used in preserves, though can be eaten raw when it is fully ripe.Barberry, Mexican/RedFull sunDryS, Lslightly acidshrub, large20's - mxberriesHGHGPFAFAbundant red, tart berries are somewhat seedy. Thorny leaves - good as hedge. Fragrant flowers.Beetberry5full sunDrought tolerantshrub2'annualxLeaves, berriesSoCR&RPFAF, SoC, WikiSelf-seeding annual with edible leaves and small red berries. Like its relatives Quinoa and Lamb's Quarters, the leaves contain saponins and should be rinsed before eating.Buckwheat2full sunmoist Buckwheat apparently tolerates a wide range of soil pH (Bugg, pers. comm.).leaves and seedxxBGBGAccumulates soluble phosphorus. Edible sprouts, seeds and flour. "very fast-growing cover crop has low grain yield, but is tolerant of very cool temps, and is high in lysine. Widely used as a bee plant, green manure, "nurse" plant for seedlings, and to attract wildlife. Plant spring or late summer. Will grow on nearly any soil, but prefers light, well-drained soil."not frost hardy plant after frost danger, plant will die as seeds mature,cut and dry in sun to let green seeds mature then thresh.Buffalo GrassannualBuffaloberry 'Sakakaweja'2Some shadeDrought tolerantS, L, Cshrub, l15'15'sxberriesxOTCOTC, PFAFCurrant-like yellow fruit. Thorns make fruit tough to harvest.Bur oakxacornsEFGBurdockSome shadeMoist7 - 9rootxxBGR&RPFAF, BGexcellent detoxifier. sow in spring or autumn 15 cm apart. self-sows. likes sandy soil. Burdock burs were also the inspiration to the inventor of Velcro fasteners, who became curious about the burs after taking his dog for a walk one day, and finding them stuck in the dogs fur afterward. By observing the hooked barbs on the burs, he was able to manufacture a product that replicated Burdocks seizing qualities. early 1940s George de Mestral, a Swiss inventor, became curious about the seeds of the burdock plant that had attached themselves to his clothes and to the dogs fur. Under a microscope, he looked closely at the hook-and-loop system that the seeds use to hitchhike on passing animals aiding seed dispersal, and he realized that the same approach could be used to join other things together. The result was Velcro."Cherry, western sand3Some shadeDrought tolerantS, L, Cherb, large5-8'xfruitMonumentPFAFFruit up to 1 in. can be eaten raw or cooked. Shallow-rooted. Fruits best in full sun.Chicory3Some shadeMoist4.5 - 8.5slightly acidicShrub1-2'fleaves, rootsxxJLHSR&REFG, JLHS"The crisp, bitter leaves add flavor and bite to salads, and can be braised or boiled. The roots of all types can be dried and roasted, then ground for a coffee flavoring or substitute, or can be cooked and eaten like carrots or parsnips"Chinese Chestnut2Full sunDrought tolerantshrub, m30'100 yrs +nuts (cooked)EFG, PFAFVery drought-tolerant once established, succeeds in a variety of soils. Produces abundant nuts that can be used as a staple crop when cooked.Chinese Magnolia4bFull shadeMoistberryBRN, OGWEFG, BRN, OGWLemony berries. Leaves can be used as tea. Does well in full shade. Drought intolerant - requires irrigation. The fully dormant plant is hardy to about 0 F, though the young growth in spring can be damaged by late frosts.chinquapinsnutsEFGSucceeds in dry soils once established. Sweeter nuts than other chestnuts.Chokecherry, Canada Red2Some shadeMoistS,L,CshrubxfruitOTCMercury CafeHardy to -40 F. Nomadic plains tribes pounded the dried berries and seeds into small, circular cakes. "Processed into syrups and jellies, the flavor can be best described as tart cherry with a mellow almond flavor. Trees are adaptable to shade and grow in almost all types of soils and locations." - OTCComfrey4Some shadeMoists,l,c3-5'3-5'fxx (phosphorous)xxCRMPI, R&R House, MonumentCRPMI, EFG, http://www.permaculture.org/nm/images/uploads/Enriching_Soil_Through_Cover_Cropping_by_Kate_Tieman.pdfPermaculture all-star plant: cover crop, weed barrier, chicken feed, "living mulch", accumulates phosphorous, many medicinal uses, great compost activatorCreeping RaspberrySun or shadeDrought tolerant6'indefperennialberriesxhttp://www.bigdipperfarm.com, http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/81725/Currant, alpineDrought tolerant(S, L) CCurrant, American Black3Some shadeMoist/Wet(S, L) Cberriestreatment of kidney diseases and menstrual and menopausal problems. Cree Indians used the fruit of Ribes glandulosum as a fertility enhancer to assist women in becoming pregnant.http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=RIAM2Currant, clove/buffalo3bSome shadeDrought tolerant(S, L) CxberryxOTC, FFGreen SpacesFF, EFG, PFAFOTC: one of the only currants that can be eaten raw. Best to have 2 plants for pollination. They appear to be self infertile. Hardy to -30 F. EFG: most drought-tolerant currant. PFAF: clove-scented flowers. ripens from late July and can hang on the bush until early autumn. Can also be dried for winter use.Currant, GoldenSome shadeDrought tolerant(S, L) CxberriesCurrant root and seeds are high in gamma-Linolenic acid (GLA). GLA has been clinically verified as an effective treatment for pre-menstrual syndrome. [1]BGBGsomewhat drought-tolerantDandelionxxMonumentDwarf chestnut oakxacornsEFGEchinacea3 - 8Some shadeDrought tolerants,lherb, large3-4'1-2'm-fxxCRMPIEFG, PFAFPFAF: "The plant has a general stimulatory effect on the immune system and is widely used in modern herbal treatments". Drought-tolerant once established. Attracts slugs. Harvest and dry roots and/or tops of mature plants and use in teas and decoctions. Great guide to growing and harvesting: http://www.gardenguides.com/how-to/tipstechniques/herbs/coneflower.aspEgyptian OnionsCRMPIFava Bean/Broad Bean0Full sunDrought tolerantS, L, C1annualBeanxxxhttp://www.permaculture.org/nm/images/uploads/Enriching_Soil_Through_Cover_Cropping_by_Kate_Tieman.pdfCold-season cover crop. Fixes nitrogen up to 150 lbs/acre. Large, protein-rich seed.FenugreekannualHerb, seedxxxhttp://www.permaculture.org/nm/images/uploads/Enriching_Soil_Through_Cover_Cropping_by_Kate_Tieman.pdfCold-season cover crop.Gamote/Widewing Springparsley6Full sunDryherb, medium1'1'xrootsxAPvery little info available.Ginger, wild3 - 8ShadeMoistS, L, Cshrub, m4"1'stubersxPFAFRoots have pungent peppery ginger smellGoji Berry/ Wolfberry5Full sunDrought tolerantS, L, Cshrub, mediumberries, shootsxxBRN(?), HHPFAF, BRN, http://www.ehow.com/how_5580571_grow-goji-berry-plants.htmlcan be tough to start, but once established, grows quickly & can grow in poor soil - can become invasive. recovers well from pruning. Hardy to about -15 F. Good for erosion control.Good King HenryGooseberry, mountainSome shade(S, L) CxberryxFFFF, PFAFdoesn't sound deliciousGoumi5 - 8Some shadeDrought tolerantS, Lshrub, large6-8'6-8'm - fberriesxxBRNEFGDrought tolerant nitrogen fixer, hardy to -20 F. Great for hedges and companion planting. "The fruit must be fully ripe before it can be enjoyed raw, if even slightly under-ripe it will be quite astringent... the fruit is well hidden in the shrub and is quite difficult to harvest without damaging the plant."Grain SorghumGrapevine (large)20'20'mfruitCO grape growers' guide: http://www.ext.colostate.edu/pubs/Garden/550a.pdfWill produce after 3rd year. Require heavy pruning each year thereafter.Ground Nut3 - 10Some shadeMoistS, Lneutral to v. acidicVine, M4'10'-25'mtuberxxOTCEFG, PFAFGrows naturally in low marshy areas of NE United States, forming long thin roots with tubers at intervals along their length. Can twine around neighboring plants for support, or trail on the ground. Tuber is 17% protein and takes 2-3 years to reach a sizeable harvest. Can be eaten raw or cooked. Best when harvested in autumn. stores well until the spring.Groundplum Milk Vetch3 to 8Full sunDryS, Lherb (small)6-15"1-2'fxleaves, fruitxxxJLHS, RMRP, MSGCRMPIEFG, MSG, PFAFSomewhat difficult to grow, esp for transplants. "The fruits are edible. They are very juicy and taste a little like pea pods. They were eaten by Native Americans and early settlers."Highbush Cranberry2Some shadeMoist/WetS, L, Cshrub (large)6-12'6-12'mfruitxOTCCRMPIPFAF, EFGTolerates heavy clay. Drought-tolerant once established.Honeylocust, thornlessDrought toleranttreexHoneypod Mesquite7Full sunDrought tolerantshrub, very large12-25'30'mpodsxxEFG, WikiInvasive. Fruits even during drought. Bark gum is candy or wound treatment. Wood is also multifunctional.Hull-less BarleyannualHull-less OatsannualJostaberry4Some shadeMoistS,L,CShrub6'6'perennialmberriesxPFAF, WikiJujube6 - 9Full sunDrought tolerantS, L, Ctree, small-medium15-30'15-30'ffruitxxBRN, OGWEFG, OGWHardy to -13 F. Grows quickly even in poor soil. Drought tolerant. Responds well to coppicing. 1/2-inchx1-inch fruit can be eaten raw or dried. Increases immune system resistanceKinnikinnick/Bearberry4Sun or shadeDrought tolerantS, Lneutral - acidicshrub, medxberriesxxWiki, PFAFSucceeds well in poor soils. Cultivars 'Anchor Bay', 'Point Reyes' and 'Vulcan's Peak' have all been mentioned as good groundcover forms. 6mm fruit is best dried or cooked. "leaves are picked any time during the summer and dried for use in infusions, liquid extracts, medicinal tea bags and tablets. The plant has the following claimed properties: anti-lithic, aromatic, astringent, disinfectant, diuretic, lithontripic, sedative (renal), stimulant (mild), tonic, urinary antiseptic." - WikipediaKiwi, hardy4 - 8MoistvinefruitBRN, OGWKorean PinenutsEFGLab Lab Hyacinth BeanDrought tolerantannualBeanxxhttp://www.permaculture.org/nm/images/uploads/Enriching_Soil_Through_Cover_Cropping_by_Kate_Tieman.pdfWarm-season cover crop. Fixes nitrogen up to 150 lbs/acre. Edible substitute for garbanzo beans.Lady's Mantle5Some shadeDrought tolerantherbperennialxxR&RPFAF, Wiki, Easy-to-grow in partially shaded areas, spreads easily. "The herb is alterative, antirheumatic, astringent, diuretic, emmenagogue, febrifuge, sedative, styptic, tonic and vulnerary" (PFAF)Lamb's Quartersannualleaves, seedsLamb's Quarters/Huauzontle0 (?)Full sunDrought tolerantS,L,C4'2'fxleaves, inflorescence, seedsJLHSJLHS, Wiki, PFAFCommon garden weed - self-sows freely in most soils. Indicator of nitrogen-rich soils. Good companion for potatoes, corn and cucurbits. Leaves are good spinach substitute. Contains saponins, which can cause indigestion unless cooked/rinsed.Lead PlantLily of the Valley3Sun or shadeDrought tolerantherbxxR&RPFAFAttractive ornamental. All parts of the plants are poisonous and should be used with supervision. "Lily of the valley encourages the heart to beat more slowly, regularly and efficiently, at the same time it is strongly diuretic, reducing blood volume and lowering blood pressure" - PFAFLotus5Some shadeDrought tolerant5.1-8.5Herb1"1-2'mxxEFGLovageSome shadeMoistLarge herb3-5'1-2'fleaves, stalksxCRMPI, R&RPFAF, personal obsleaves and stalks have strong celery taste and can be eaten cooked or raw. Not everyone finds the taste agreeable. Leaves are available early in the season. Regenerates when cut back to ground during growing season. Grows quickly in moist soil. Good companion plant.Lowbush BlueberrymoistberriesxEFGLupineannualxxhttp://www.permaculture.org/nm/images/uploads/Enriching_Soil_Through_Cover_Cropping_by_Kate_Tieman.pdfMotherwort3Some shadeDrought tolerantherbannualxR&RPFAF, Wiki, "historically used in China to prevent pregnancy and to regulate menstruation. Motherwort is also used to ease stomach gas and cramping, menopausal problems, and insomnia..." - WikiMountain Mahogany6Full sunDrySshrub (large)6-20'6-20's-mxxxCRMPI, MonumentEFG, CRMPICRMPI: coppice for chicken fodder and mulch. poison (?)MustardannualNanking Cherry2Some shademoistS, L, Clarge shrubfruitCRMPI, MonumentCRMPISmall, slightly tart fruit. Reliable crop.New Zealand SpinachFull sunDrought tolerant1'indefannualxwikiSpreading groundcover that thrives in hot weather. Taste and use are similar to spinach.Oregon grape6Some shadeDrought tolerant(S, L) Cshrub, s1'6'smountainsberriesxOTCDBGOTC, PFAFDrought-tolerant, grows in poor soils. Taste is like a tart grape. Relatively little flesh and a lot of seeds. Root and root bark improves the digestion and absorption and is taken internally in the treatment of coughs, fevers, psoriasis, syphilis, haemorrhages, stomach complaints, kidney problems and impure blood conditions.Paw Paw5 - 7Sun or shadeMoistshrub (l)15"15"sfruitOGW, BRN, FF, OTCPFAFNative to SE USA - Nebraska to Florida (largest native american fruit). requires some irrigation in CO climate. Hardy to -30 F. Begins bearing in 4 - 6 years and yields up to 75 lbs per tree. Slow-growing at first, established plants average 1-2 feet growth.Pinon Pine5Full sunDryneutraltree50'35's-mxnuts, needle teaBG (seeds)EFGtraditional source of proteinPlum, American3Some shadeDrought tolerantS,L,CtreemxfruitxCRMPIPFAFMost members of this genus are shallow-rooted and will produce suckers if the roots are damaged.Prickly Pear5 - 9Full sunDryshrub4-8'3'sxfruit, padsxOTC, IMCEFGneedlesProso MilletProstrate Broom6 - 8Full sunDrought tolerantherb (small)4 - 8"3' +mxxFFEFGdislikes root disturbanceQuinoa0Full sunDrought tolerant6 - 8.5leaves, seedsSoC, BG, JLHSJLHS, SoC article: http://www.seedsofchange.com/enewsletter/issue_38/quinoa.aspWell-suited to high elevations with warm days and cool nights. Drought-tolerant but prefers moist soil. Sow in april. Must thoroughly rinse to remove saponins before eating. "The leaves, stem-tips and young flowers are excellent in salads, having a mild sweet flavor, and very succulent. Also good cooked like spinach or added to soups." - JLHSSouth American seed doesn't seem to do well,I bought Black quinoa from a place in the San Louis Valley and its doing very well in full sun some plants are 7 feet high.The only soil additions I used were bagged steer manure tilled in 8 inches.Last year my black quinoa failed because of drought and root maggots but still managed to pop a few seeds out.Use seed sparingly as every single one will germinate,the plants will tiller out if given room and create multiple seed heads.This is definitely a plant I will stick with in the future.Ramps4 - 8ShadeMoistS, Lleaves, rootxPlant bulbs fairly deeply. Requires relatively rich soil. Inhibits the growth of legumes.Rhubarb3Some shadeMoistS, L, Cherb5'4'fstalkR&RPFAF, EFGTart stem is harvested in early spring. Can be eaten raw but is usually stewed with sugar or fruit. Roots have many medicinal properties. Grows best in moist, loamy soil but tolerates a wide variety of conditions.Don't harvest first year to allow roots to get established. Harvest just a few stalks per plant the second year.Rocky Mountain Bee Plant3/10/2010Full sunDrought tolerantS, L, Cherb3'1'annualxleavesxxhttp://www.easywildflowers.comGaia's Garden, http://www.wildflowerinformation.orgEdible leaves. Attracts bees. Used by Anasazi and Navajo as "fourth sister". Pretty purple-pink flowers in July-AugRosemary 'arp'5 - 9Full sunDrought tolerantshrub, small/medium3-4'3-4'sherbxEFGRunning club moss1 - 8Partial shadeDrought tolerantherb, small5-12"indefsxRunning Juneberry4Full sunDrought tolerantS (L, C)5.5-7Shrub, M4-6'IndefmberryxOTCEFG, OTCGrows true to seedSalad Burnet5Full sunMoistS, L, Cherb2'1'leavesAbbondanzaR&RPFAF, AbbondanzaMild perennial salad green with cucumber flavor. Can turn bitter in hot, dry conditions. SalsifySaltbush8Full sunDrought tolerantShrub6'9'other members of genusleavesJLHSEFG, JHLSTolerates dry and salty soils. Doesn't grow well in clay soil. "Plants can be damaged by severe frosts but they soon recover" - PFAF. A. Halimus might need a sheltered microclimate to grow in CO, but A. canescens, a relative, is native to the Denver area and was used as a fuel source by Native Americans.Saltbush, Four-wing7Full sunDrought tolerantS, Lbasic, neutralshrub, m5'5'xleaves, seedsxNAGcommon to Denver area, used as fuel source by Native Americans. "It survives with 8" to 12" of rain a year and is found anywhere from below sea level to 8,000'. Taproots that can reach down 20' tolerate soils containing salt, selenium, boron, and alkalis, but accept slightly acid soils, deep sandy loams, heavy clays, and gravel washes... The leaves contain high levels of protein and carotene in the winter, but saponin makes them unpalatable in the summer when theyre producing seed." - NAG "The leaves can be made into a soapy lather and used as a wash on itches and rashes such as chickenpox. A poultice of the crushed leaves can be applied to ant bites to reduce the pain and swelling." - PFAFSand Cherry3Some shadeDrought tolerantShrub, m3-6'3'15-30 yrsxfruitxPFAF, EFG, NAGpretty good fruit - up to 2 cm in diameterSea Buckthorn3Some shadeDrought tolerantS, L, Cshrub, large20'10'15-30 yrsmberriesxxPFAF, RFG, WikiProduces acidic 1/4-inch berries high in vitamins A and C. A high-quality medical oil is produced from the fruit. Less tart (but less nutritious) after a frost. As the name implies, the branches are quite thorny. Grows on dunes and sea cliffs in the wild.Sea Kale4 - 8Some shadeDrought tolerant6.5-8herb, m2-3'3'5-10 yrsm-fleavesxJLHS, BGMonumentPFAF, BGlikes good, rich, deep soil and an open and sunny position with plenty of compost and manure. drought-tolerantServiceberry, Shadblow2Drought tolerantS (L, C)5.5-7Shrub, L18'9'berriesxOTCOTCGrows true to seedServiceberry/Saskatoon "Pigeon Berry" (Amelanchier alnifolia var. pumila)2 - 3Some shadeMoistS (L, C)5.5-7Shrub, M15'15'15-30 yrsxberryFor inflamation and pain when fruit ingested *http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15997850xBNPN, OTCPFAF, OTCGrows true to seed. Plants fruit in 2-3 years. Hardy to -40 FSheep Sorrel3Full sunDrought tolerantacid-neutralherb6"indefperennialfleavesxxxxHHCRMPIEFG, CRMPI, PFAFattracts wildlife. Detoxifier when juiced, makes lemonade-like drink when boiled. lemony flavor due to oxalic acid -> raw leaves in hi quantities will lock up other nutrients. Dark green to brown and dark grey dyes can be obtained from the roots.Siberian Pea Shrub2 - 9Full sunDrought tolerantShrub, large15-30 yrsfpodsxBRNCRMPI, MonumentEFG, BRNGood chicken feed, seeds are 36% protein, good hedge (thorny), winter hardy, drought tolerant. New growth can be trimmed and left on ground as nitrogen-rich mulch. "The seeds are edible cooked. Small, but produced in abundance, there are 4 - 6 seeds per pod. Having a bland flavor, it is best used in spicy dishes. The raw seed has a mild pea-like flavor. The seed contains 12.4% of a fatty oil and up to 36% protein, and it has been recommended as an emergency food for humans - http://www.djroger.com/Siberian%20Pea%20Shrub.htmSilverberry2 - 6Full sunDrought tolerant15-30 yrsxfruitxxOGW, BRNEFG, OGW, BRNOGW tastier, BRN hardier. good for hedgerows, poor soils, windbreaks. Resent root disturbance. Good-smelling flowersSoapberry8Full sunDrought tolerantS, L, Ctree40'ssw usxDBGPFAF, WikiFruit contains saponins that make a good natural detergent. Antimicrobial properties good for disinfecting greywater and cisternsSorrel, Garden3 - 9Some shadeDrought tolerantherb1'2'perennialleavesxSOCEFG, PFAF, http://growingtaste.com/vegetables/sorrel.shtmlLeaves are available year-round if in a good microclimate. However, "they tend to be almost tasteless early on, gradually gaining their characteristic and desired acidity and flavor as the season wears on". lemony flavor due to oxalic acid -> raw leaves in hi quantities will lock up other nutrients. SpilanthesFull sunMoistherb12"xUWG, SoC, HHCRMPICRMPI, PFAF, UWG, HHused to make a useful + multifunctional tincture. chewing leaves numbs mouthSpruce, ColoradoMoistacidictreexStanley PlumSunchoke (Jerusalem Artichoke)2 - 10Some shadeMoistherb, large6-12'indefperennialftubersxOTCR&REFGHeavy yield with little maintenance. Tubers sweeten after frost. Can take over if not managed. Contains inulin, which can cause indigestion. Long-term storage, boiling, or slow roasting will convert inulin to starches, making tubers more easily digestible. "The first frost kills the stems and leaves, but the tubers can withstand freezing for months" - PFAF "Whole tubers or pieces about 2 oz. should be planted like potatoes and covered to a depth of 5 in."- PFAFSundropsxSweet CicelyPartial shadeMoistshrub, small3'3'leaves, root, seed, teaxPFAFPFAF: "Excellent raw, the leaves have a delicious sweet aniseed flavour and are liked by the majority of people who try them... They can be cooked with tart fruits in order to reduce their acidity. The plant produces fresh leaves from late winter to early the following winter."Sweetfern2 - 6Some shadeDrought tolerantshrub, small3'4-8's-mteaxxEFG, PFAFTolerates dry soil when grown in the shade. Leaves are astringent, blood purifier, expectorant and tonic.Sylvetta Arugula3Full sunDrought tolerant5.5-7Herb, S1'1'2-5 yrsleavesxSOCR&RPFAFCommon roadside weed in many places (CO?). Prolific leaves taste bitter like Arugula. "Prefers dry soils and dislikes shade. Very resistant to heat" - PFAF.Thread-leaved coreopsisxxxEFGThymeherbMonumentEFGTomatilloannualValerian5 - 8Full Sun-Partial ShadeMoistS, L, Cshrub, med4-6'xR&R, DGLPFAF, Wiki, HHValerian root has been shown to encourage sleep, improve sleep quality and reduce blood pressure. Dry, rocky soil produces more potent oils than fertile soil. "When grown for its medicinal root, the plant should not be allowed to flower." "Valerian (Valeriana officinalis, Valerianaceae) is a hardy perennial flowering plant, with heads of sweetly scented pink or white flowers...Valerian was used as a perfume in the sixteenth century...Native to Europe and parts of Asia, Valerian has been introduced into North America...Valerian, in pharmacology and phytotherapic medicine, is the name of a herb or dietary supplement prepared from roots of the plant, which, after maceration, trituration, dehydration processes...may be used for certain effects including sedation and anxiolytic effect." Wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valerian_(herb))VetchannualxWalnut, blackDrought tolerantWelsh Bunching Onions4 - 10Full sunmoist5.5 - 8herb, medium2-3'1-2'perennials-mbulbs, leavesxxBG, HHCRMPI, R&REFG, PFAFVery hardy and easy to grow. bulbs are small (.5-1 inch diameter) but have strong flavor. leaves have mild onion flavor and can be eaten raw or cooked. repels insects.Wild Indigo2Full sunDrought tolerant6'2'perennialfxxEFGDye plant, attractive perennial flowerWild lupine3MoistseedsxEFGWintergreen, christmas4Partial - full shadeDrought tolerantS, LAcidicperennialfruit, leaves as teaxxxOTCOTC, PFAF"The bright red fruits are attractive and remain on all winter. Really a good edible groundcover and will spread with its dense growth habit. Needs acidic soil with lots of organic matter." - OTCWood Nettle3 - 8ShadeMoistherb1-3'1-3'cooking greens, teaxEFGstings before cookedWooly Thyme6Full sunDrought tolerantS,Lherb1"indefperennialleavesxxeriscape CO, PFAFExcellent groundcover: good in cracks and paths. Tolerates being walked on occasionally. OK edible. Likes sandy soil. Thymes dislike wet conditions, especially in the winter. Hardy to approx. 10 F (sunny microclimates only in Denver area)3Some shadeDrought tolerantS, L, CacidfruitxxxBRN, FFEFG, BRN, PFAFSomewhat drought-tolerant. Fruit is astringent, should be sweetened before eating. better after a frost or two. High in vitamin C, antioxidants, polyphenols, bioflavonoids, and tannins4Some shadeMoistshrub, medium5' - 8'fberrieshttp://www.territorialseed.comhttp://www.territorialseed.comHardy to -40F, very easy to grow, and has very few pest and disease problems. Great fresh or made into preserves. Dioecious (two varieties of similar bloom time are needed for pollination.)Sx

SourcesCodeNameLocationWebsiteNotesAPAlplainsKiowa, COalplains.comLarge selection of wild-harvested western seeds. difficult site to navigate - search by species name only, no photos or other info.BRNOnalaska, WAburntridgenursery.comFFForestfarmWilliams, ORforestfarm.comGGGuzman's Greenhouseguzmansgreenhouse.comgood tree selectionHCGHigh Country GardensSanta Fe, NMxeriscaping, cacti, agave, flowers. not many edibles.HHHorizon HerbsWilliams, ORhorizonherbs.comhuge herb selection. informative site.IMCIntermountain Cactus UTintermountaincactus.comOGWOne Green World Molalla, ORonegreenworld.comAFCM= Alternative field crops manual, http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/afcm/amaranth.htmlOTCOikos Tree CropsMIoikostreecrops.comUWGUnderwood GardensChino Valley, AZunderwoodgardens.comSoCSeed Of ChangeSanta Fe, NMseedsofchange.comgreat selection of open-pollinated organic seeds for the west.BGBountiful GardensWillits, CAbountifulgardens.orgwide variety of heirloom open-pollinated vegetables and fruits. seeds only.JLHSJ.L. Hudson SeedsLa Honda, CAExhaustive catalog. Not especially user-friendly site.WNSWestern Native SeedsCoaldale, COhttp://westernnativeseed.comSpecializes in CO natives. Not many edibles. Seed only.http://blackfootnativeplants.comNursery of hardy western plants.MSGMorning Sky Greenerycentral MNhttp://www.morningskygreenery.comNative prairie startsRMRPRocky Mtn Rare PlantsFranktown, COhttp://www.rmrp.comAlpine seeds from around the world. Open Nov-March only.