Food & Energy
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Transcript of Food & Energy
Food & Energy
Human Biology & Health Chapter 3.1Pages 68-75
Why We Eat
• Food provides your body with materials for growth, repair and energy
• These materials are called Nutrients• There are 6 kinds of Nutrients:1. Carbohydrat
es2. Fats3. Proteins
4. Vitamins5. Minerals6. Water
Nutrients: Energy
• Carbohydrates and fats provide energy
• Energy is measured in calories: the amount of energy needed to raise the temp of 1g of water by 1⁰C
• A Calorie (capital C) is 1,000 calories.
Nutrients: Energy
• Carbohydrates are a major source of energy and material for cells– One gram of carbs
gives you 4 Calories of energy
• Two categories – Simple and Complex Carbohydrates.
Carbohydrates - SimpleSimple Carbs
• Known as Sugars• Glucose (a sugar) is
the primary source of energy– Examples: fruits, milk
and some vegetables; cookies, candies and soft drinks.
39g 65g 108g
Carbohydrates - ComplexComplex Carbs
• Known as Starch: many sugars linked together
• Must be broken down into sugar before usable– Examples: potatoes, rice, corn, pasta, bread &
cereal• Fiber can not be digested, but helps
system function.
Exit Pass
What are 3 of the 6 nutrients? How do we measure energy from
food?
Fats
• Fats contain twice the energy of Carbohydrates
• Fats protect & support organs and insulate you
• Cholesterol is a fatlike substance produced by the liver– You do not need
Cholesterol in your diet.
Types of Fat
• Unsaturated Fats are liquid at room temperature– Oils such as olive, fish
• Saturated Fats are solid at room temperature– Meats and dairy
products contain Saturated Fats.
FYI - Trans Fats
• Trans-isomer• An unsaturated fat
created in processed food production
• Increases risk of heart disease by raising levels of cholesterol.
Proteins
• Proteins mainly used for tissue growth & repair– Examples: meat, fish, dairy, nuts and beans
• Made of small units called Amino Acids
Vitamins(pg73)
• Vitamins help carry out chemical reactions in your body– Need only a small
amount of vitamins• Eating a variety of
foods will supply you with the vitamins you need.
Minerals & Water
• Minerals are nutrients not made by living things – found in soil– You get minerals by
eating plants• Water is essential
for circulating materials, making up 60% of our body mass.
Exit Pass
What is one thing fats do for our bodies? What is a Saturated Fat?