FOOD AND BODY NUTRITION

Prepared by:MARICARR D. ALEGRE

FOOD• Any substance which, when absorbed

into your body tissues, yields materials for the production of energy

• Also provides materials for growth, maintenance and repair of body tissues

NUTRITION• Process by which organisms obtain and use

food

• Nutrients – chemicals in the food ingested in order to grow and remain healthy

Major Groups

1. Those that give energy

2. Those that do not give energy

CALORIE• Unit of energy• Amount of energy needed to raise

the temperature of 1 gram of water to 1 degree Celcius

NUTRIENTS FOR ENERGY

CARBOHYDRATES

• Food nutrients needed mainly to supply energy

• It enters the body in the form of sugar

• It usually presents in food such as rice, bread, root crops, dairy products and sweets such as candies and chocolates

FOODS RICH IN CARBOHYDRATES

FATS• They provide energy to the body like

carbohydrates. The only difference is that it provides more energy than carbohydrates

• It is also a very important structure of the cell membrane(phospholipid bilayer)

• It is also used in the conduction of nerve impulses

FOODS RICH IN FATS

PROTEINS

• Helps in muscle build-up• It also help in growth and repairing of

the body cells• It must be broken down first into amino

acids to be absorbed and used by the body

FOODS RICH IN PROTEIN

NON-ENERGY NUTRIENTS

WATER• It regulates the concentration of minerals • It is a means by which food and other

substances are carried to the cell• Helps in the removal of substances in the

kidney• important in regulating the body temperature• Drinking reasonable amount of water retard the

growth of bacteria and lessen the extent of putrefaction in the intestine

MINERALSMineral Function Source

Calcium Tooth and bone formation,nerve transmission, muscle contraction

Milk and other dairy products, bean curd, dark green vegetables

Phosphorus Bone development, transfer of energy in cells

Most foods

Sodium Nerve transmission, muscle contraction

Meat. Dairy products, salt

Chlorine Formation of hydrochloric acid Salt

Potassium Regulation of heartbeat, maintenance of water balance, nerve transmission

Fruits (especially bananas)

Magnesium Catalyst for ATP formation Nuts, grains, dark green vegetables, sea food, chocolate

Iodine Thyroid activity Seafood, iodized salt

Iron Hemoglobin formation Meat, dark green vegetables, dried fruits

MINERALS RICH FOOD

VITAMINS• Organic substances that is present in very

small amounts of food• Help normalized growth and different body

activities• Deficiency diseases occur when vitamins

are missing from your diet• 2 groups

1. Water soluble such as Vit C and B

2. Fat soluble such as Vit A,D,E and K`

VITAMINSVitamin Role in the Body Signs of

DeficiencyFood Sources

B1 (thiamine) Carbohydrates metabolism, growth,

heart muscle and nerve function

Retarded growth, beriberi, nerve

disorders, fatigue

Seafood, poultry, meat, whole or

enriched grain, green vegetables, milk,

soybean

B2 (riboflavin) Carbohydrate metabolism, growth

Retarded growth, premature aging

Milk, eggs, poultry, yeast, meat,

soybeans, green vegetables

Niacin Growth, carbohydrate metabolism,

digestion, nerve function

Digestive and nervous disturbances

Leafy vegetables, peanut butter,

potatoes, whole or enriched grain, fish,

poultry, meat, tomatoes

B12 Production of red blood cells, nerve

function

anemia liver

VITAMINSVitamin Role in the Body Signs of

DeficiencyFood Sources

C (Ascorbic acid) Growth, healthy gums, anti-stress

Sore gums, susceptibility to

bruising

Citrus fruits, tomatoes, leafy vegetables

A Growth, healthy skin and eyes

Night blindness, changes in epithelial cells, retarded growth

Egg yolks, butter, green and yellow vegetables, organ

meat, fish, liver oils

D Growth, phosphate and calcium metabolism

Poor tooth development, rickets

Milk, liver, eggs, fish, liver oils

E (tocopherol) Protection of cell membranes,

reproductive function

Unknown Vegetable oils, butter, milk, leafy vegetables

K Blood clotting, liver function

Hemorrhage Green vegetables, tomatoes, soybean oil