Acetic acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids - emulsifier

Abietic acid -Acacia vera -Acacia -Acesulfame potassium - artificial sweetenerAcesulfame -Acetic acid - acidity regulator

Acetylated distarch adipate - thickener, vegetable gumAcetylated distarch phosphate - thickener, vegetable gumAcetylated oxidised starch - thickener, vegetable gumAcetylated starch - thickener, vegetable gumAcid treated starch - thickener, vegetable gumAdipic acid - food acidAgar - thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, gelling agentAlcohol -Alfalfa -Alginic acid - thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, gelling agent, emulsifierAlitame - artificial sweetenerAlkaline treated starch - thickener, vegetable gumAlkanet - color (red)Allspice -Allura red AC - color (FDA: FD&C Red #40)Almond oil - used as a substitute for olive oil. Also used as an emollient.

Aluminium - color (silver)Aluminium ammonium sulfate - mineral saltAluminium potassium sulfate - mineral saltAluminium silicate - anti-caking agentAluminium sodium sulfate - mineral saltAluminium sulfate - mineral saltAmaranth - color (red) (FDA: [DELISTED] Red #2) Note that amaranth dye is unrelated to the amaranth plant

Amaranth oil - high in squalene and unsaturated fatty acids - used in food and cosmetic industries.

Amchur (mango powder)Ammonium acetate - preservative, acidity regulatorAmmonium adipates - acidity regulatorAmmonium alginate - thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, gelling agent, emulsifierAmmonium bicarbonate - mineral saltAmmonium carbonate - mineral saltAmmonium chloride - mineral saltAmmonium ferric citrate - food acidAmmonium fumarate - food acidAmmonium hydroxide - mineral saltAmmonium lactate - food acidAmmonium malate - food acidAmmonium phosphates - mineral saltAmmonium phosphatides - emulsifier

Basil extract -

Ammonium polyphosphates - anti-caking agentAmmonium sulfate - mineral salt, improving agentAmylases - flour treatment agentAngelica (Angelica archangelica)Anise -Annatto - colorAnthocyanins - colorApricot oil - a cooking oil from certain cultivars.

Arabinogalactan - thickener, vegetable gumArgan oil - a food oil from Morocco that has also attracted recent attention in Europe.

Argon - propellantRocket (Arugula)Asafoetida -Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) - antioxidant (water soluble)Ascorbyl palmitate - antioxidant (fat soluble)Ascorbyl stearate - antioxidant (fat soluble)Aspartame - artificial sweetenerAstaxanthin - colorAvocado oil - used a substitute for olive oil. Also used in cosmetics and skin care products.

Azodicarbonamide - flour bleaching agent. Also used in the production of foamed plastics and the manufacture of gaskets. Banned as a food additive in Australia and Europe.

Azorubine - color (red) (FDA: Ext D&C Red #10)Babassu oil - similar to, and used as a substitute for coconut oil.

Baking powder - leavening agent; includes acid and baseBaking soda - food baseBalm, lemon -Balm oil -Balsam Peru -Barberry -Barley flour -Basil (Ocimum basilicum) -

Bay leaves -Beeswax - glazing agentBeet red - color (red)Beetroot red - color (red)Ben oil - extracted from the seeds of the moringa oleifera. High in behenic acid. Extremely stable edible oil. Also suitable for biofuel.

Bentonite - anti-caking agentBenzoic acid - preservativeBenzoyl peroxide - flour treatment agentBerebere -Bergamot - in Earl Grey teaBeta-apo-8'-carotenal (C 30) - colorBeta-apo-8'-carotenic acid ethyl ester - colorBetanin - color (red)

Bleached starch - thickener, vegetable gum

Bone phosphate - anti-caking agent

Biphenyl - preservativeBison grass (Hierochloe odorata)Bixin - colorBlack 7984 - color (brown and black)Black cardamom -Black cumin -Blackcurrant seed oil - used as a food supplement, because of high content of omega-3 and omega-6fatty acids. Also used in cosmetics.

Black limes -Pepper (black, white, and green) -Black PN - color (brown and black)

Bolivian Coriander (Porophyllum ruderale) -

Borage (Borago officinalis) -Borage seed oil - similar to blackcurrant seed oil - used primarily medicinally.

Borax - preservativeBoric acid - preservativeBrilliant Black BN- color (brown and black)Brilliant blue FCF - color (FDA: FD&C Blue #1)Brilliant Scarlet 4R - color (FDA: Ext D&C Red #8)Brominated vegetable oil - emulsifier, stabiliserBrown FK - color (brown and black)Bush tomato -Butane - propellantButylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) - antioxidant (fat soluble)Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) - antioxidant (fat soluble)Cacao shell -Cachou extract -Cactus root extract -Cadinene -Caffeine - stimulantCajeput oil -Calamus -Calcium 5'-ribonucleotides - flavor enhancerCalcium acetate - preservative, acidity regulatorCalcium alginate - thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, gelling agent, emulsifierCalcium ascorbate - antioxidant (water soluble)Calcium aluminosilicate (calcium aluminium silicate) - anti-caking agentCalcium ascorbate (Vitamin C)Calcium benzoate - preservativeCalcium bisulfite - preservative, antioxidantCalcium carbonates - color (white), anticaking agent, stabiliserCalcium chloride - mineral saltCalcium citrates - food acid, firming agentCalcium diglutamate - flavor enhancer

Calcium salts of fatty acids - emulsifier, stabiliser, anti-caking agent

Calcium disodium EDTA - preservativeCalcium ferrocyanide - anti-caking agentCalcium formate - preservativeCalcium fumarate - food acidCalcium gluconate - acidity regulatorCalcium guanylate - flavor enhancerCalcium hydrogen sulfite - preservative, antioxidantCalcium hydroxide - mineral saltCalcium inosinate - flavor enhancerCalcium lactate - food acidCalcium lactobionate - stabilizerCalcium malates - food acidCalcium oxide - mineral saltCalcium pantothenate (Vitamin B5)Calcium peroxide -Calcium phosphates - mineral salt, anti-caking agent, firming agentCalcium polyphosphates - anti-caking agentCalcium propionate - preservative

Calcium silicate - anti-caking agentCalcium sorbate - preservativeCalcium stearoyl lactylate - emulsifierCalcium sulfate - flour treatment agent, mineral salt, sequestrant, improving agent, firming agentCalcium sulfite - preservative, antioxidantCalcium tartrate - food acid, emulsifierCamomile -Candelilla wax - glazing agentCandle nut -Canola oil/Rapeseed oil, one of the most widely used cooking oils, from a (trademarked) cultivar ofrapeseed.

Canthaxanthin - colorCaper (Capparis spinosa)Capsanthin - colorCapsorubin - colorCarrageenan - A family of linear sulphated polysaccharides extracted from red seaweeds.Caramel I (plain) - color (brown and black)Caramel II (Caustic Sulfite process) - color (brown and black)

Caramel III (Ammonia process) - color (brown and black)

Caramel IV (Ammonia sulfite process) - color (brown and black)

Caraway -Carbamide - flour treatment agentCarbon black - color (brown and black)Carbon dioxide - acidity regulator, propellantCardamom -carmines - color (red)Carmoisine - color (red) (FDA: Ext D&C Red #10)

Citric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids - emulsifier

Carnauba wax - glazing agentCarob Pod -Carob pod oil/Algaroba oil, used medicinally.

Carotenes - colorAlpha-carotene - colorBeta-carotene - colorGamma-carotene - color

Carrageenan - thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, gelling agent, emulsifierCarrot Oil -Cashew oil - somewhat comparable to olive oil. May have value for fighting dental cavities. [1]

Cassia -Catechu extract -Celery salt -Celery seed -Wheat germ oil - used as a food supplement, and for its "grainy" flavor. Also used medicinally. Highly unstable.

Chalk - color (white), anticaking agent, stabiliserChervil (Anthriscus cerefolium) -Chicory -Chicory Root Extract - High in Inulin

Chile pepper -Chili powder -Chives (Allium schoenoprasum) -Chlorine dioxide - flour treatment agentChlorine - flour treatment agentChlorophylls and Chlorophyllins - color (green)

Chocolate Brown HT - colorCholine salts and esters - emulsifierChrysoine resorcinol - color (red)Cicely (Myrrhis odorata)Sweet cicely (Myrrhis odorata)Cilantro (see Coriander) (Coriandrum sativum)Cinnamon -Cinnamon oil - used for flavoring.

Citranaxanthin - colorCitric acid - food acid

Citrus red 2 - color (red)Cloves -Cochineal - color (red)Coconut oil - a cooking oil, high in saturated fat - particularly used in baking and cosmetics.

Sage (Salvia officinalis) -Copper complexes of chlorophylls - color (green)Coriander -Coriander seed oil - used medicinally. Also used as a flavoring agent in pharmaceutical and food industries.

Corn oil - one of the most common, and inexpensive cooking oils.

Diacetyltartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids - emulsifier

Corn syrup -Cottonseed oil - a major food oil, often used in industrial food processing.Cress -Crocetin - colorCrocin - colorCrosslinked Sodium carboxymethylcellulose - emulsifierCryptoxanthin - colorCumin -Cumin oil/Black seed oil - used as a flavor, particularly in meat products. Also used in veterinary medicine.

Cupric sulfate - mineral saltCurcumin - color (yellow and orange)Curry powder -Curry leaf (Murraya koenigii) -Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) -Cyclamates - artificial sweetenerCyclamic acid - artificial sweetenerbeta-cyclodextrin - emulsifierLemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus, C. flexuosus, and other species) -Damiana (Turnera aphrodisiaca, T. diffusa) -Dandelion leaf -Dandelion Root -Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) -Decanal dimethyl acetal -Decanal -Decanoic acid -Dehydroacetic acid - preservativeDelta-tocopherol(synthetic) - antioxidantDevil's claw (Harpagophytum procumbens) medicinalDextrin roasted starch - thickener, vegetable gum

Dicalcium diphosphate - anti-caking agentDilauryl thiodipropionate - antioxidantDill seed -Dill (Anethum graveolens) -Dimethyl dicarbonate - preservativeDimethylpolysiloxane - emulsifier, anti-caking agentDioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate - emulsifierDiphenyl - preservativeDiphosphates - mineral salt, emulsifierDipotassium guanylate - flavor enhancerDipotassium inosinate - flavor enhancerDisodium 5'-ribonucleotides - flavor enhancerDisodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate - antioxidant, preservativeDisodium guanylate - flavor enhancerDisodium inosinate - flavor enhancer

Distarch phosphate - thickener, vegetable gumDistearyl thiodipropionate - antioxidantDl-alpha-tocopherol (synthetic) - antioxidantDodecyl gallate - antioxidantEchinacea -EDTA - Antioxidant, Chelating AgentEgg -Egg yolk -Egg white -Elderberry -Eleutherococcus senticosus -Enzymatically hydrolyzed Carboxymethyl cellulose - emulsifierEnzyme treated starch - thickener, vegetable gumEpazote (Chenopodium ambrosioides)Epsom salts - mineral salt, acidity regulator, firming agentErythorbin acid - antioxidantErythrosine - color (red) (FDA: FD&C Red #3)Erythritol - artificial sweetenerEthanol (alcohol) -Ethyl maltol - flavor enhancerEthyl methyl cellulose - thickener, vegetable gum, emulsifierEthylparaben (ethyl para-hydroxybenzoate) - preservativeEthylenediamine tetraacetic acid -Evening primrose oil - used as a food supplement for its purported medicinal properties.Fantesk -Farnesol -Fast green FCF - color (FDA: FD&C Green #3)Fat -Flavoxanthin - colorFennel (Foeniculum vulgare)Fenugreek -Ferric ammonium citrate - food acidFerrous gluconate - color retention agentFerrous lactate -Filé powder -Five-spice powder (Chinese) -Fo-ti-tieng -Formaldehyde - preservativeFormic acid - preservativeFructose -Fumaric acid - acidity regulatorGalangal -Galangal root -Galbanum oil -Gallic acid -

Glacial Acetic acid - preservative, acidity regulator

Gamma-tocopherol(synthetic) - antioxidantGaram masala -Garlic extract -Garlic -Garlic oil -Gelatin/gelatine - Gelling agent, emulsifier

Gellan gum - thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, emulsifierGinger -Ginger oil -Ginger root -Ginseng -

Glucitol -Gluconate -Glucono delta-lactone - acidity regulatorGlucose oxidase - antioxidantGlucose syrup - sweetenerGlutamate -Glutamic acid - flavor enhancerGluten -Glycerin - humectant, sweetenerGlycerol -Glycerol ester of wood rosin - emulsifierGlyceryl distearate - emulsifierGlyceryl monostearate - emulsifierGlycine - flavor enhancerGlyoxylic acid -Gold - color (gold)Grains of paradise -Grape color extract -Grape seed oil - suitable for cooking at high temperatures. Also used as a salad oil, and in cosmetics.

Green S - color (green)Green tea -Guanylic acid - flavor enhancerGuar gum - thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizerGuaranine -Gum arabic / Gum acacia / E414 - thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, emulsifier

Gum guaicum - preservativeHaw bark -Hazelnut oil - used for its flavor. Also used in skin care, because of its slight astringent nature.

Heliotropin -Helium - propellantHemlock oil -Hemp oil - a high quality food oil.Heptyl p-hydroxybenzoate - preservative

Hesperidin -Hexamine (hexamethylene tetramine) - preservativeHexyl acetate -High fructose corn syrup -Horseradish -Hydrochloric acid - acidity regulatorHydroxypropyl cellulose - thickener, vegetable gum, emulsifierHydroxypropyl distarch phosphate - thickener, vegetable gumHydroxypropyl methylcellulose - thickener, vegetable gum, emulsifierHydroxypropyl starch - thickener, vegetable gumHyssop (Hyssopus officinalis) -Indanthrene blue RS - color (blue)Indigo carmine - color (blue) (FDA: FD&C Blue #2)Indigotine - color (blue) (FDA: FD&C Blue #2)Indole -Inosinate -Inosinic acid - flavor enhancerInositol -Insoluble fiber -Intense sweeteners -InulinInvert sugar -Invertase -Iron ammonium citrate -Iron -Iron oxides and hydroxides - colorIsobutane - propellantIsomalt - humectantIsopropyl citrates - antioxidant, preservativeJasmine -Jamaican jerk spice -Jasmine absolute -Jiaogulan (Gynostemma pentaphyllum) -Juniper -Juniper berry -Juniper berry oil - used as a flavor. Also used medicinally, including traditional medicine.

Juniper extract -Kaffir Lime Leaves (Citrus hystrix, C. papedia) -Kaolin - anti-caking agentKapok seed oil - used as an edible oil, and in soap production.[2]

Karaya gum - thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, emulsifierKelp -Kokam -Kola nut extract -Konjac - thickener, vegetable gum

Lactic acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids - emulsifier

Konjac glucomannate - thickener, vegetable gumKonjac gum - thickener, vegetable gumL-cysteine - flour treatment agentLactic acid - acidity regulator, preservative, antioxidant

Lactitol - humectantLactose -Lactylated fatty acid esters of glycerol and propylene glycol - emulsifierLarch gum -Lard -Latolrubine - colorLaurel berry -Laurel leaf oil -Lavender (Lavandula spp.)Lavender oil -Lecithins - antioxidant, Emulsifier

Lecithin citrate - preservativeLemon -Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) -Lemon extract -Lemon juice -Lemon Myrtle (Backhousia citriodora) -Lemon oil -Lemon verbena (Lippia citriodora) -Lemongrass Oil -Leucine - flavor enhancerLicorice -Lipases - flavor enhancerLithol Rubine BK - colorLitholrubine - colorLocust bean gum - thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, gelling agent, emulsifierLong pepper -Lovage (Levisticum officinale) -L(+)-Tartaric acid - food acidLutein - colorLycopene - colorLysine -Lysozyme - preservativeMacadamia oil - used as an edible oil. Also used as a massage oil.Mace -Magnesium -Magnesium carbonate - anti-caking agent, mineral saltMagnesium chloride - mineral saltMagnesium citrate - acidity regulatorMagnesium diglutamate - flavor enhancer

Magnesium salts of fatty acids - emulsifier, stabiliser, anti-caking agent

Microcrystalline cellulose - anti-caking agent

Mixed acetic and tartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids - emulsifier

Magnesium hydroxide - mineral saltMagnesium lactate - food acidMagnesium oxide - anti-caking agentMagnesium phosphates - mineral salt, anti-caking agent

Magnesium silicate - anti-caking agentMagnesium stearate - emulsifier, stabiliserMagnesium sulfate - mineral salt, acidity regulator, firming agentMahlab -Malabathrum -Malic acid - acidity regulatorMalt extract - flavor enhacerMaltitol - humectant, stabiliserMaltodextrin - carbohydrate sweetenerMaltol - flavor enhancerMaltose -Mandarin oil-leavening agentManganese -Mannitol - humectant, anti-caking agent, sweetenerMargarine -Marjoram (Origanum majorana)Mastic -Meadowfoam seed oil - highly stable oil, with over 98% long-chain fatty acids. Competes with rapeseed oil for industrial applications. [3]

Mega-purple - a Kosher food additive made from grapesMentha arvensis oil/Mint oil, used in flavoring toothpastes, mouthwashes and pharmaceuticals, as well as in aromatherapy and other medicinal applications. [4]

Metatartaric acid - food acid, emulsifierMethionine -Methyl butyrate -Methyl disulfide -Methyl ethyl cellulose - thickener, vegetable gum, emulsifierMethyl hexenoate -Methyl isobutyrate -Methylcellulose - thickener, emulsifier, vegetable gumMethylparaben (methyl para-hydroxybenzoate) - preservativeMethyltheobromine -

Milk thistle (Silybum) -Milk -Mint (Mentha spp.) -

Modified starch -Molasses extract -Molybdenum -Bergamot (Monarda didyma) -Mono- and diglycerides of Fatty acids - emulsifier

Monoammonium glutamate - flavor enhancerMonopotassium glutamate - flavor enhancerMonosodium glutamate (MSG) - flavor enhancerMonostarch phosphate - thickener, vegetable gumMontanic acid esters - humectantMullein (Verbascum thapsus)

Mustard -Mustard oil (essential oil), containing a high percentage of allyl isothiocyanate or other isothiocyanates, depending on the species of mustard

Mustard oil (pressed) - used in India as a cooking oil. Also used as a massage oil.

Mustard plant -Mustard seed -Natamycin - preservativeNeohesperidin dihydrochalcone - artificial sweetenerNiacin (vitamin B3) - color retention agent

nicotinic acid (vitamin B3) - color retention agent

Nicotinamide (vitamin B3) - color retention agent

Nigella (Kolanji, Black caraway) -Nisin - preservativeNitrogen - propellantNitrous oxide - propellantNorbixin - colorNutmeg -Octyl gallate - antioxidantEvening primrose (Oenothera biennis et al.) -Okra oil (Hibiscus seed oil) - from the seed of the Hibiscus esculentus. Composed predominantly ofoleic and lanoleic acids.[1]

Oleomargarine -Olive oil - used in cooking - cosmetics - soaps and as a fuel for traditional oil lamps

Orange GGN - color (orange)Orange oil - like lemon oil - cold pressed rather than distilled. Consists of 90% d-Limonene. Used as a fragrance, in cleaning products and in flavoring foods. [5]

Orcein - color (red)Orchil - color (red)Oregano (Origanum vulgare, O. heracleoticum, and other species) -Oregano oil - contains thymol and carvacrol - making it a useful fungicide. Also used to treat digestive problems. [6]

Orris root -Orthophenyl phenol - preservativeOxidised polyethylene wax - humectantOxidised starch - thickener, vegetable gumOxystearin - antioxidant, sequestrantPalm oil - the most widely produced tropical oil. Also used to make biofuel.

Panax ginseng -Panax quinquefolius -Ponch phoran -Pandan leaf -Pantothenic acid (Vitamin B5) -Papain - A cysteine protease hydrolase enzyme present in papaya (Carica papaya) and mountain papaya (Vasconcellea cundinamarcensis).

Paprika redPaprika -Paprika extract -Paraffins - glazing agentParsley (Petroselinum crispum) -Patent blue V - color (blue)Peanut oil/Ground nut oil - mild-flavored cooking oil.Pecan oil - valued as a food oil, but requiring fresh pecans for good quality oil. [7]

Pectin - vegetable gum, emulsifierPerilla seed oil - high in omega-3 fatty acids. Used as an edible oil, for medicinal purposes, in skin care products and as a drying oil.

Phosphated distarch phosphate - thickener, vegetable gumPhosphoric acid - food acidPhytic acid - preservativePigment Rubine - colorPimaricin - preservativePine needle oilPine seed oil - an expensive food oil, used in salads and as a condiment. [8]

Pistachio oil - strongly flavored oil, particularly for use in salads. [9]

Prune kernel oil - marketed as a gourmet cooking oil [10]

Poly vinyl pyrrolidone -Polydextrose - humectantPolyethylene glycol 8000 - antifoaming agentPolyglycerol esters of fatty acids - emulsifierPolyglycerol polyricinoleate - emulsifierPolymethylsiloxane - antifoaming agentPolyoxyethylene (40) stearate - emulsifierPolyoxyethylene (8) stearate - emulsifier, stabilizerPolyphosphates - mineral salt, emulsifierPolysorbate 20 - emulsifierPolysorbate 40 - emulsifierPolysorbate 60 - emulsifierPolysorbate 65 - emulsifierPolysorbate 80 - emulsifierPolyvinylpolypyrrolidone - color stabiliserPomegranate seeds (though some consider these a fruit, not a spice)Ponceau 4R - color (FDA: Ext D&C Red #8)Ponceau 6R - colorPonceau SX - colorPoppy seed -Poppyseed oil - used for cooking, moisturizing skin, and in paints, varnishes and soaps.Potassium acetates - preservative, acidity regulatorPotassium adipate - food acidPotassium alginate - thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, gelling agent, emulsifierPotassium aluminium silicate - anti-caking agentPotassium ascorbate - antioxidant (water soluble)

Potassium salts of fatty acids - emulsifier, stabiliser, anti-caking agent

Potassium benzoate - preservativePotassium bicarbonate - mineral saltPotassium bisulfite - preservative, antioxidantPotassium bromate - flour treatment agentPotassium carbonate - mineral saltPotassium chloride - mineral saltPotassium citrates - food acidPotassium ferrocyanide - anti-caking agentPotassium fumarate - food acidPotassium gluconate - stabiliserPotassium hydrogen sulfite - preservative, antioxidantPotassium hydroxide - mineral saltPotassium lactate - food acidPotassium malate - food acidPotassium metabisulfite - preservative, antioxidantPotassium nitrate - preservative, color fixativePotassium nitrite - preservative, color fixativePotassium phosphates - mineral saltPotassium propionate - preservative

Potassium sodium tartrate - food acidPotassium sorbate - preservativePotassium sulfate - mineral salt, seasoningPotassium sulfite - preservative, antioxidantPotassium tartrates - food acidPowdered Cellulose - anti-caking agentPrimrose (Primula) — candied flowers, teaProcessed Eucheuma seaweed - thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, gelling agent, emulsifierPropane-1,2-diol alginate - thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, emulsifierPropionic acid - preservativePropyl gallate - antioxidantPropylene glycol - humectantPropylene glycol alginate - thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, emulsifierPropylene glycol esters of fatty acids - emulsifierPropylparaben (propyl para-hydroxybenzoate) - preservativePumpkin seed oil - a specialty cooking oil, produced in Austria and Slovenia. Doesn't tolerate high temperatures.

PulegonePurslane -Pyridoxine hydrochloride (Vitamin B6) -Quatre épices -Quillaia extract - humectantQuinoa oil - similar in composition and use to corn oil[2]

Quinoline Yellow WS - color (yellow and orange) (FDA: D&C Yellow #10)

Ramtil oil - pressed from the seeds of the one of several species of genus Guizotia abyssinica (Niger pea) in India and Ethiopia. Used for both cooking and lighting.

Ras-el hanoutRaspberry (leaves)Red 2G - colorRefined microcrystalline wax - glazing agentRhodoxanthin - colorRiboflavin (vitamin B2) - color (yellow and orange)Rice bran oil - suitable for high temperature cooking. Widely used in Asia.

Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) -Rubixanthin - colorSaccharin - artificial sweetenerSafflower oil - a flavorless and colorless cooking oil.Safflower -Saffron - colorSaigon Cinnamon -Salad Burnet (Sanguisorba minor or Poterium sanguisorba)Salt -Sandalwood - colorSavory (Satureja hortensis, S. montana)Scarlet GN - colorSesame oil - used as a cooking oil, and as a massage oil, particularly in India.

Sesame seed -Shellac - glazing agentSilicon dioxide - anti-caking agentSilver - color (silver)LuohanguoSodium acetate - preservative, acidity regulatorSodium adipate - food acidSodium alginate - thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, gelling agent, emulsifierSodium aluminium phosphate - acidity regulator, emulsifierSodium aluminosilicate (sodium aluminium silicate) - anti-caking agentSodium ascorbate - antioxidant (water soluble)Sodium benzoate - preservativeSodium bicarbonate - mineral saltSodium bisulfite (sodium hydrogen sulfite) - preservative, antioxidantSodium carbonate - mineral saltSodium carboxymethylcellulose - emulsifierSodium citrates - food acidSodium dehydroacetate - preservativeSodium erythorbate - antioxidantSodium erythorbin - antioxidantSodium ethyl para-hydroxybenzoate - preservativeSodium ferrocyanide - anti-caking agentSodium formate - preservativeSodium fumarate - food acidSodium gluconate - stabiliser

Sodium salts of fatty acids - emulsifier, stabiliser, anti-caking agent

Sodium hydrogen acetate - preservative, acidity regulatorSodium hydroxide - mineral saltSodium lactate - food acidSodium malates - food acidSodium metabisulfite - preservative, antioxidant, bleaching agentSodium methyl para-hydroxybenzoate - preservativeSodium nitrate - preservative, color fixativeSodium nitrite - preservative, color fixativeSodium orthophenyl phenol - preservativeSodium propionate - preservativeSodium propyl para-hydroxybenzoate - preservativeSodium sorbate - preservativeSodium stearoyl lactylate - emulsifierSodium succinates - acidity regulator, flavor enhancer

Sodium sulfite - mineral salt, preservative, antioxidantSodium sulfite - preservative, antioxidantSodium tartrates - food acidSodium tetraborate - preservativeSorbic acid - preservativeSorbitan monolaurate - emulsifierSorbitan monooleate - emulsifierSorbitan monopalmitate - emulsifierSorbitan monostearate - emulsifierSorbitan tristearate - emulsifierSorbitol - humectant, emulsifier, sweetenerSorbol -Sorrel (Rumex spp.) -Soybean oil - accounts for about half of worldwide edible oil production.Spearmint oil - often used in flavoring mouthwash and chewing gum, among other applications. [11]

Star anise -Star anise oil - highly fragrant oil using in cooking. Also used in perfumery and soaps, has been used in toothpastes, mouthwashes, and skin creams. [3] 90% of the world's star anise crop is used in the manufacture of Tamiflu, a drug used to treat avian flu.

Starch sodium octenylsuccinate - thickener, vegetable gumStearic acid - anti-caking agentStearyl tartarate - emulsifierSuccinic acid - food acidSucralose - artificial sweetenerSucroglycerides - emulsifierSucrose acetate isobutyrate - emulsifier, stabiliserSucrose esters of fatty acids - emulsifierSugar -Sulfur dioxide - preservative, antioxidantSulfuric acid - acidity regulatorSumac -

Tartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids - emulsifier

Sunflower oil - a common cooking oil, also used to make biodiesel.

Sunset Yellow FCF - color (yellow and orange) (FDA: FD&C Yellow #6)Sweet basil -Sweet woodruff -Szechuan pepper (Xanthoxylum piperitum) -Talc - anti-caking agentTamarind -Tanacetum balsamita / Costmary -Tandoori masala -Tannins - color, emulsifier, stabiliser, thickenerTansy -Tara gum - thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizerTarragon (Artemisia dracunculus) -

Tartrazine - color (yellow and orange) (FDA: FD&C Yellow #5)

Camellia oil/Tea oil, widely used in southern China as a cooking oil. Also used in making soaps, hair oils and a variety of other products.

Tert-butylhydroquinone - antioxidantTetrahydrocannabinol- flavor enhancer, potent anti-carcinogenThaumatin - flavor enhancer, artificial sweetenerTheine -Thermally oxidised soya bean oil - emulsifierThiabendazole - preservativeThiamine (Vitamin B1) -Thiodipropionic acid - antioxidantThyme -stannous chloride - color retention agent, antioxidantTitanium dioxide - color (white)Tocopherol (Vitamin E) -Tocopherol concentrate (natural) - antioxidantTragacanth - thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, emulsifierTriacetin - humectantTriammonium citrate - food acidTriethyl citrate - thickener, vegetable gumTrimethylxanthine -Triphosphates - mineral salt, emulsifiersodium phosphates - Mineral Salt

Turmeric - color (yellow and orange)Vanilla (Vanilla planifolia) -Vegetable carbon - color (brown and black)Vinegar -Violaxanthin - colorVitamin -

Vitamin A (Retinol) -Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) -Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) -

Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic acid) -Vitamin B6 (Pyrodoxine) -Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin) -Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) -Vitamin D (Calciferol) -Vitamin E (Tocopherol) -Vitamin K (Potassium) -

Walnut oil - used for its flavor, also used by Renaissance painters in oil paints

Wasabi -Water -Wattleseed -Xanthan gum - thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizerXylitol - humectant, stabiliserYellow 2G - color (yellow and orange)Yucca extract -Zeaxanthin - colorZinc acetate - flavor enhancer