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ISI KANDUNGAN

HALAMAN

• APPRECIATION

•INTRODUCTION

• WHAT IS MEANT BY A CAREER SELECTED

• THE LIST OF OFFERS COURSES ACADEMY

• SCHOLARSHIPS

•CONCLUSION

• APPENDIX

PENGHARGAAN

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Alhamdulillah, syukur ke hadrat Ilahi dengan limpah kurnianya saya dapat menyiapkanFolio Kerjaya ini pada tempoh yang telah ditetapkan oleh pihak sekolah dengan jayanya tanpamenghadapi sebarang masalah yang boleh mengendalakan perjalanan ketika

menyiapkan kerja ini.

Saya Izzat Bin Johari ingin menjulang sekalung penghargaan kepada Puan Rabiaatul Adawiyah,Kaunselor Maktab Rendah Sains MARA

Kuala Berang kerana telah memberikan banyak tunjuk ajar dan bimbingan kepada saya untuk menyiapkan folio ini.

Terima kasih yang tidak terhingga juga kepada ayah sayaEncik Johari Bin Daud yang telah banyak membantu saya untuk menyiapkan Folio Kerjaya ini dan juga ibu sayaPuan Maznah Binti Mamat yang telah memberikan galakan dan

dorongan untuk sayamenyiapkan kerja ini dengan lebih awal.

Penghargaan ini juga ditujukan khas kepada rakan-rakan saya di kelas 5 Filasuf yang telah banyak membantu saya secara langsung atau tidak

langsung sepanjang proses dalam merealisasikan pembuatan Folio Kerjaya ini.Sekian,terima kasih.

“ Kesusahan tidak semuanya seksaan dan yang paling pahit itu bukan semuanya racun. Tetapi lebih berguna daripada kesenangan

yang terus-menerus. “

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PENGENALANApa maksud kerjaya yang sebenarnya? Menurut Tolbert (1994), kerjaya

didefinisikan sebagairangkaian pekerjaan yang melibatkan diri seseorang individu.

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Sesetengah individu mungkin akankekal dengan satu pekerjaan sepanjang hidupnya dan ada juga individu yang gemar bertukar-tukar pekerjaan. Kerjaya

menurut Super (1957, 1972) pula merangkumi persediaan-persediaanyang dilakukan oleh seseorang individu sebelum bekerja dan juga peranan lain yang

dilakukanselepas bersara.

Teori Perkembangan Kerjaya Ginzberg

- Merupakan hasil usaha 4 orang pakar dalam bidang ekonomi, sosiologi dan psikologi.

- Seseorang bergerak mengikut beberapa peringkat yang kait-mengait antara satu sama lain.

- Proses pemilihan kerjaya merupakan sesuatu yang penting dan menjadi fokus dalam teori ini.

- Nilai, keadaan persekitaran sebenar, atribut psikologi dan peluang pendidikan serta pencapaianmemberi kesan kepada proses pemilihan ini.

Unsur-unsur Teori Ginzberg1. Pemilihan kerjaya ialah satu proses perkembangan secara tipikal berlaku dalam

satu jangkamasa yang lebih daripada 10 tahun.

2. Proses perkembangan ini merupakan proses yang tidak boleh berpatah balik.

3. Proses pemilihan kerjaya berakhir apabila telah berlakunya kompromi antara minat,kebolehan, nilai dengan peluang yang ada.

4. Terdapat 3 peringkat perkembangan kerjaya iaitu peringkat Fantasi (6-11 tahun), peringkatPercubaan (11-18 tahun), dan peringkat Realistik (17-20 tahun). Namun, proses pemilihankerjaya tidak terhenti setakat umur 20 tahun sahaja tetapi proses

ini berlaku sepanjang hayat individu.

INTRODUCTION

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What does that actually work? According to Tolbert (1994), defined career sebagairangkaian involving employment of an individual. Some people may find will abide by a work all his life and there are also people who like to exchange

jobs. Links according to Super (1957, 1972) covers persediaanyang preparations made by an individual before work and other roles that dilakukanselepas

retirement.

Career Development Theory Ginzberg

- It is the result of four experts in the fields of economics, sociology and psychology.

- A move in various stages of the knitting of each other.

- The selection process is an important career and become the focus in this theory.

- Value, the actual environmental conditions, psychological attributes and educational opportunities, and pencapaianmemberi impact on this election process.

Elements of the Theory Ginzberg

1. Career choice is a developmental process typically occurs within a period of more than 10 years.

2. This development process is a process that can not be reversed.

3. Career selection process ends when there has been a compromise between the interests, abilities, values the opportunity.

4. There are three stages of career development that is at Fantasy (6-11 years), peringkatPercubaan (11-18 years), and the realistic (17-20 years). However, pemilihankerjaya process did not end 20 years of age, but this process occurs

during the individual life.Undo edits

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WHAT IS PILOT???

Pilots fly airplanes and helicopters to do many jobs. Most pilots fly people and cargo from place to place. Some pilots test new planes, fight fires, do police work, or rescue people who are hurt or in danger.

Before they take off, pilots plan their flight carefully. They check their plane to make sure that it is working properly. They also make sure that baggage or cargo has been loaded correctly. They check the weather forecast to see if they will run into any bad weather on their trip. They then decide what route they should take, and how high and fast they should fly.

Take off and landing are often challenging and require a great deal of piloting skill. As a result, pilots must be especially careful during those times. The rest of the flight can be fairly easy if the weather is good because planes have computers and other gauges to tell pilots if their trip is going according to plan. These gauges show whether there is enough fuel, whether the weather is changing, and whether the plane is on course. Pilots must check monitor these gauges at all times during the flight to be sure that all is going well. If problems come up, the pilots must quickly take steps to solve them.

The law says that pilots who work for an airline cannot fly more than 100 hours a month or more than 1,000 hours a year. Most airline pilots fly about 75 hours a month, and work another 75 hours a month at other parts of the job. When they are flying, airline pilots often stay away from home overnight. Airlines have flights at all hours of the day and night. This means that airline pilots are often asked to work odd hours.

Pilots who do not work for the airlines can have unusual work schedules, too. For example, they may fly 30 hours one month and 90 hours the next. Most of them do not have to stay away from home overnight, but they may have to work odd hours.

Pilots who fly very long distances may have "jet lag." This is fatigue caused by moving through different time zones. The work of pilots who test new planes may be dangerous. Pilots who work on farms or who help police and firefighters also might get hurt on their jobs.

Flying does not involve physical work. However, pilots can feel a lot of stress because they know that they are responsible for the safety of their passengers. They must be careful and quick to react if something goes wrong.

SKILLS NEEDED???

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- calm- alert-able to work long hours under pressure.-They need to have good technical and planning skills. -Good hearing -Good eyesight -Good reflexes -Good physical coordination-Good in read and speak English-good in Math -Good in health- Minimum height of 163 cm (5ft 3in)

-Either : Passed SPM (or its equivalent that is recognised by Malaysian Government) with at least A- in English and Mathematics and B+ in Physics taken at one sitting. (Those from the Arts stream should have at least an A- in General Science) or Possess a Diploma/Degree in Engineering or Science - related disciplines with CGPA 3.0 and above and at SPM level scored at least B in the subjects mentioned above taken in one sitting.

Stages in becoming a pilot Getting started - Achieving your Private Pilot Licence Getting serious - Commercial and Air Transport Pilot Licences

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Expanding your skills - Endorsement and ratings

Getting started - Achieving your private Pilot Licence

Introduction to flying training and the flying schoolThe first step in taking up flying, as a career or just for pleasure, is to undertake a Trial Instructional Flight, or TIF, at a licensed flying club or training organisation. The normal rate for a TIF is around $45-60 and it should last around 30 minutes. This trial flight will most likely lead to a few lessons after which you should be able to decide whether you want to continue flying training. Your instructor will also be able to make an assessment of your potential to handle an aircraft.

During the initial stages of flight instruction you will always be with a flight instructor. You will be taught the basics of flight in preparation for your first solo flight in the circuit area (rectangular pattern flown around an aerodrome), but will be familiarised with the local training area, usually a ten mile area around the airport. During this time you consolidate your training and build flying experience. Most likely, you will be ready to fly solo after approximately 10-15 hours of instruction. However each subsequent solo flight must be authorised by your instructor.

Before you can fly solo, you will need to pass the required medical checks, pass an examination in Air Law and be issued with a Student Pilot Licence (STUDENT). To be issued the SPL, you must be at least 16 years of age and be capable of reading, writing, speaking and understanding the English language. You will also need to obtain an ARN (Aviation Reference Number) from CASA, supply photographs and identification documentation, and complete a security check.

If you have set your sights on a career in aviation, this is usually the time that your school will advise you of options for commercial training. They will also suggest that you undertake the required medical checks which are more exacting for professional pilots to make sure you can satisfy the medical standards before outlaying considerable sums of money on flying training.

First soloYour first solo flight will involve practising take-offs and landings, and general flying within the airport circuit. This is basically a consolidation of everything that you have

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learned to date, such as operation and effect of controls, straight and level flying, climbing and descending, turning and stalling, for which your instructor found you competent to do on your own.

From this point on, you will focus on preparing for your first area solo where you will demonstrate your ability to fly solo outside the airport circuit but still within the training area used by the school.

Most students are ready to attempt their first area solo after reaching 15-20 hours. Before you can do so, however, you must pass an examination on the flight procedures pertaining to that training area.

First area soloYour first solo in the training area will involve practising simulated engine failure during which you will exercise your own judgement, simulate radio calls and trouble checks as well as passenger briefs. It will also include a short navigation exercise to and from the local training area to enable you to demonstrate some chart reading skills.

As you progress, you will learn to fly the aircraft in all situations in preparation for your General Flying Progress Test (GFPT). Before you can undertake this test you first need to pass the Basic Aeronautical Knowledge theory examination. You will also need at least 20 hours flight time which includes 5 hours as pilot in command and 2 hours instrument time, of which at least 1 hour must be instrument flight time. Having said that, the average student is not ready to attempt the GFPT until the 30 hour mark.

General flying progress test (GFPT)During this test, you will demonstrate to an approved testing officer that you can competently manage the aircraft in all basic phases of flight. If you pass the test, you will be able to carry passengers in private operations within the confines of the student pilot area limit. Your solo or pilot-in-command flights must still be approved by your instructor.

After the GFPT, you will be able to commence navigation training. The navigation exercises teach the practical skills and airmanship required for flying safely to distant locations plus management of fuel and flight logs, radio communication and transition through different airspace, control zones, unplanned diversions due to weather etc., and circuits at distant locations with landings on different types of surfaces. These skills will then be reinforced and consolidated in preparation for the Private Pilot Licence flight test.

Prior to undertaking the PPL test, you must have acquired at least 40 hours of flight time as a pilot that includes:

5 hours of general flight time as pilot in command; and

5 hours of cross country flight time as pilot in command; and

2 hours of instrument flight time.

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You must also pass a theory examination which covers flight rules and air law, navigation, performance and flight planning, meteorology and principles of flight.

Although the minimum experience requirement is 40 hours, the average pilot is ready to attempt the Private Pilot Licence flight test after about 55-60 hours. You can undertake the PPL flight test while still 16, however, you cannot be issued with the licence until your 17th birthday.

Private pilot licence (PPL) testYou will demonstrate your skill to an approved testing officer by departing for a round trip with two or more landings/turning points enroute. You will be able to show that you can divert to an alternative location and overall, demonstrate competent planning and management of the flight, observing all procedures and rules, navigation, radio work and airmanship before successfully completing the flight.

After passing the PPL Test, you will be issued with the licence which enables you to fly anywhere within Australia, solo or with private passengers in daytime visual meteorological conditions. You will no longer require your instructor's permission to undertake a flight as pilot in command.

Getting serious - Commercial and Air Transport Pilot LicencesAfter receiving your PPL you may decide to train for various aircraft endorsements and/or ratings.If you wish to continue onto a Commercial Pilot Licence (CPL), you will need at least 200 hours of flying experience with specified time as pilot in command, cross country and instrument flight time. If you enrolled in an integrated CPL course of aviation training with this flying school, this time would be reduced to 150 hours. The difference in hours reflects the different approach to training. With the 150 hours course, the theory and flying training are coordinated, whereas for the 200 hour option, they are often arranged separately.

Before you can attempt the CPL flight test you must pass a theory examination, covering similar subject areas as for the PPL but this time to Commercial standard and do a Recommendation Flight with the Chief Flying Instructor. While you may undertake the flight test for the CPL at 17, the licence cannot be issued until your 18th birthday.

Commercial pilot licence (CPL) test You will be flying with an approved testing officer and will be tested on similar issues as the PPL except that the knowledge and skill areas will be covered more comprehensively.

Passing the CPL test and being issued with the licence entitles you to carry passengers for hire or reward, in association with a licensed air service operator. This licence is needed to operate as a light aircraft charter pilot. You will now be able to fly as pilot in command of single pilot aircraft or as co-pilot in multi-crew aircraft.

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Before exercising the privileges of the licence, you must pass more stringent medical examinations in order to obtain a Class 1 medical certificate.

Notes

1. The above requirements relate to aeroplane pilot licences. Similar requirements apply for helicopter pilot licences.

2. Although flying training is a building block process it is not a compulsory step-by-step process. For example, if you had decided from the beginning that you wanted to be a commercial pilot, you could by-pass the private pilot licence if you so desired.

Air transport pilot licence (ATPL) If you wish to fly as pilot-in-command of a multi-crew aircraft you will need to obtain an ATPL.

To obtain an ATPL you would undertake further theory study in advanced aerodynamics, air law, advanced navigation, human factors, performance and loading, flight planning and meteorology. At the end of the study course, you will need to pass a theory examination which consists of seven separate subject parts. These parts maybe attempted singularly or in any number at a sitting.

To be issued with the actual licence, you must have at least 1500 flying hours, with specified time as pilot in command. The aeroplane licence also sets minimum requirements for cross country, night flying and instrument time. You also need to be 21 or older.

For an ATPL on aeroplanes, you must hold or have held a Command Multi-Engine Instrument Rating.

ACADEMY PROVIDED IN MALAYSIA

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-MALAYSIAN FLYING ACADEMY,MALACCA-KIST AVIATION ACADEMY MALAYSIA,TERENGGANU-HM AEROSPACE,LANGKAWI-ASIA PASIFIC FLIGHT TRAINING,KELANTAN

SALARY FOR PILOTBasic salary for Second Officers (SO):

Upon endorsement, a Cadet Pilot will be paid a basic monthly salary of RM4,229

On posting to the fleet, without supervision of co-pilot – RM5,069

Second year on fleet – RM5,360

Third year and onwards – RM5,668

Basic salary for First Officers (FO):

Narrow body aircraft – RM5,984 – RM9,501

Wide body aircraft – RM9,146 – RM17,009

Narrow body and wide body aircrafts are differentiated by a number of factors including the

plane size and width, seating and so on. Typically, a narrow body aircraft has less than 200

seating, while a wide body can accommodate between 200 to 600 (Note: This is just a

general definition).

Meals and Night Stop Allowances:

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 Allowances range between RM150 to RM160 per night, depending on city of stop

over.

Flying/Pilot Productivity Allowances (PPA):

Narrow body aircraft – RM48 for Captain, RM29 for co-pilot

Wide body aircraft – RM72 for Captain, RM43 for co-pilot

Average Gross Salary (inclusive of basic salary & allowances):

Second Officer, SO – RM6,000 – RM8,000

First Officer, FO – RM10,000 – RM16,000 (also depends on craft size)

Captain – RM15,000 – RM35,000 (also depends on craft size)

SCHOLARSHIPS

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-MALAYSIA AIRLINES-YAYASAN TERENGGANU-MAJLIS AMANAH RAKYAT(MARA)

LOANS-PTPTN-BANK RAKYAT LOAN(AL FALAH)-MIED LOAN-KOJADI(KOPERASI JAYADIRI MALAYSIA)-RHB BANK STUDY LOAN

CONCLUSION

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Thanks to the Almighty divine, by His grace, i can finish this folio . This folio has helped me in choosing career paths and courses that are appropriate and consistent with my personality. In addition, this work also provided the impetus for me to continue my ambition, desires from childhood until I get it . Therefore, I will make sure I work hard to achieve their best in SPM for an opportunity to me to study in the medical field. In addition, this work has opened my eyes to prepare myself to meet the eligibility requirements to the academy to continue my ambition in the medical field and thus achieve the goal of my life .

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