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No. ~o1t{ Ohui~gl~irig(Januury .2i,. ~;tJ· fiilbJeot·: 'l'h.ti HofUGee Belief Pr~~lem i.it Kwe~Un,•

•·'AIR .MAIL

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J. Enolosure. to; cte~patoh no. 2Q!ll elated Jfinimry 28, 1%'4, from the Embassy at Chun!;kihe. ·

',AMERIO AN' oomwii\~%/ ;i '. Kwailin, Ch1mi/''Ja'ht1ur:'( a, .1944,.

subject: .,Sonia Aspects of tlle Rafugtie Relief Pl'Ol)lfim ot J(\'l(liJ.ill;

The IIO:t].<ll.'oble .. Olsl'enoc E. Gauss 1

.tunnl' i C~I I). J\lDbfH)SOd Ol'' Chuneking.

i . . ·, J-~~ff7i~:::\ <

I h~we the honor to r.0fq· to t!Hr'Em~assy-'s inpti:uo'­tion of·NovernbaJ.'. 27;.1u43 ond .t,o. this ConS,ult1te•s.)nemb'-' rm1dum of .June 13, 1943 oc>noorrihlg .a [!uggeoti()p. qutlined by- ,the Hev<uend T!1omt1s ·ny~mi .s'.· Jo, for the .iiroposl)d : <>Bi;n bliuhme;:i,t of ;; jcii,i;t ,,\mGrj.oHn.:nri tioh-Chl.nese p1•0:. ject :rm· the dc;veJ.opmm1i; o:r \Jar-time .i.nduatries among

·refugceu. in .KwDngtuni:; ;-:imi K1i•mesl provinoeo.

S'Uiil11L:\HY: Fiither ·Th(1mss Ryan. sti;ted. that. the refugee problem. :i.n K11oilln lm a tempor1<1rily he en fJ(Jl vcd by the. " lsrge amour1t o1' empluymnnt which hss been croater,! in tli e eutab:lishillerit. 0f Uilitetl .Stfltes J\rmy bases in .1;,l1Jo area. Unemployment Yd,ll appe1n•: in ilignific>'lnt numbt?;f.;~'.f~lgain when "Ghiu eonstruotion b(1om io over, . 'l'hel',e Ui:ipV·becn no ef!'ort to. Sot UjJ illllUB'trial training in prep~'ration for post-wpr in~uatr.tal. o_xpar1sion, and Fflther •Ryan believes thet. eu.oh: a prug1~mn· ·BhouJ.d. be fostel•ed b:\' all types of J\merionn ·~ind Br.Hinh minai,on,,,ry QrHl phil1mthropio eduoa.,.

. tional: insti t,utions. He h•rn' suggested the remvvul from Ind fa to'Cllinu of wi1:r i;lant's, when' trf!nsportation fci0i1Hies perm:tt., wher<:iJl c.~ineee moy roci\liV'e t.achnical tr1Jining of the type v11lich will fit them for 'work viith IIll:1 cl'iines.

'I'h6 Gubjectof cu1'rent developments. in the i•efug9e . problem .in this area was cliso.ussed by .Fiither Ryan,,with the writer on January 5, 1944 •. FathE1~(Rya11\fitreilJ;l6dd;.th8t .. there. has yet bean.no apprcaoktotliEllt~tiderrf1Jig'.,l;Jr:fWA~IP· of givin'g i.ndustrial training tp tuture''fac;tory•W(>rli:e'J5s' ill. · <loll.th China. He stated that)i'e has recommended to two or 'thri:e offioiEils of the •B1~Hish.aoi.repuneri1; the useftii . purposes which might be .served·.by the;e,sta)lliabment in tl:i:i.il.Eirea of afe.otory transplant€Jd fro1n·I~diµ.asS:99il as .·· tratrnpor·ta ti.on fn oi;Li t. :les.i.-i re ·!! vail'al:Jl.e ; ... · Jtec·b eJ,i.(:ij'es: tbiit Stfoh a fRctory,

0

ID:.13llUfacturingwar,)na'terial· l.ltf~p\~s hand g1'emades, !)mall S.rml.l, ()I\ o:t;JJS,F 'IiiilAtary equ~:H[B,4~ coµId·be ·establishe·ct;Mi soi.1thcChfo,a•f.tir:it ... ··· · ·.Ell p.tiJ.'P,o.S:~ .• ot.··supplyfog Al~l~d~12tz,'Cll,iI\i~~~ trd6ps' i1itti\;~ ui1~m~i~ljit@'t(l. for the int6ns~te;Q,;t:r'8:ining±c5t•f9ctµ ·· · rke .. ltfas1 his impr·ession tJ:i~:itl;'.A,~'.~);tecOJnmehdati ons ; J)een passed o,n

.·to, hi~er q~rters fo1• consitleratfo "

· . .t'.rtortil to relieve have not been looking.

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':~1:,:._ .-· H;,£)· .:i;~"oommittee under the lead.~\~:~hip of !;fr·. 'A. MoLellfmi.)leact ,

of the :Refugee Rel~e:f.Department ()f the·Bl'itieh coneule.te· · .. Gannal. at l(WeiHn; .apd including Fotb.e1•. :gyari and a;,;;tew

ot)J.ers ,· was eat up an:g orgeri.izild o number of mutua::i;;;,·~j,d groups among. refugeee' 111 thla oi ty. · At:~!>;f;lt time .~.~P~f~ were several· hundred c~rpentel'e from · Burumi;;-.vho .WBl'\l.~!lz,~;t •.. . with<mt wo1•k.a11d ~ntirely desttt;1.rt;e, The:'Eium .<if!CN$20,000 wss made ovailable to the committee ,by the KWapgsi · ... · Interlia:l;ional Relief Oommi ttee ut th!)t time, 4fr:;equal SUJll waiireoeived. from tile Bl'itish Embasay:C:lit .OP:un&king, tl'om f.un(ls of the British Red• .Groos. Ou:i.'pept0).>ri'''who : .

. joined. tlie mutua'l a id groups .were: helped t<i:·obtdn,, tools lllld were, giveri' Work t6 d9, · kJ rgely Of. a repafrpiature, It. was found.that tllS'se c13rpenters, aftol' a iong period of unemployroentj requir:ad' a mor1thyr:more t,o adjust .. ;, thomselvee .tq working"oonditions •.. Soon After the formE1-t:l.on of the.se grbups the construction ectivitiea of, the

.United states Army in this area gained momanturit, and·. the· Rufugeo Relief Department ()f .the. Bi•itis.h C<nwµlate Gener:al began to· pJ:aoe carpenters viith oontractol,'s .wh.o wei•eccwprl<ing on 1\rmy proj acts and with the Ar.my<i:tselt, In· June tmd July:- the· d'emEJnd became heavy and. tt·-,w13s . apparent that the problem of unemployment among· osrpen-.ters wan being .liquidated, ·

tt was the intention ·of tlie · committee to Bet up mutua.l aid groups for laundry and baking work, but it. was found that among tile refut:;(les. Qnly wcman were irite:r­ested :in .. this work, ttnd most oJ:· the· women in. need l1ad , employ~ble··huaban:1a or oould not giye their tini.e. beoause

'of the necessity of oaring fo1• their children; · The ootnni ttee lla.d ,intended to apply to Madaine Chiong· Kt1i- . shek•.s relief fund end to tlie Burma Goi.~rrnnent to.:sµpport the formation Of a laundry and .a bakery';;\ :'l'M oomfuittee succeeded in obteinirt.S p611nission to use a piece of'.; land from the Kwe iliri munioipali ty and s eoured. an ad,dftional grant .of ON$20,000 from.Britisli Red cross funda)'or the purpose of erecting a\mat-shed to houee the la·undry end bakery, but decided to suspend further relief operations fo:r the time being. ·

.· Father Ryan believes that the lci'f~gI~,rinlciunt of , employment due to United 'States Army oorioti::uotion work; whioh has absorbed many refugees in this' 1;rrea, ie,. r;mly, a te.mpoi•ary solution to, the problem,, as there iSt;#c> promise of further w.orkwhen .oonstruotion is oomp:J;'eted. Of the varioue olµsses of refugees in this a1·ee lie -

·.· o01illllented es follows: · · -~---

( l) Men and.._women of the. c0

oolfe, <Jiasa e*Ji\i~&uii~kkiiied ·.·

. ::~~~!d 1:~~io~~n~ ~1~ rn:' ~~~~~ri~kl~1~~~t<if~:~f~¥:~C •..•. ·:Projects' oorineoted i'!ith Jimerfoan ba·f3~~!,\(,1.ri' South China~.

a~ti~;ei~it1:~y1ri~~6~~e~~~~:iio9t~f!~li~~Q·••-•'@i··.· ' · as tire war :Area seiwi<i('j;oory. idera]J

bee we roun.;.boys ~:ri<'fid.1P:iiig;;; . ;.fo hos Of t ba. ir ~owl edge ()f _Er}g};i sh, Elnd the; best .o

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of teJl been Pl'.Olllotcd to posi tiono tio intorprej;,ero end office . b(lya.

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( 3) ·Students. . Many otudenta he.ve become interpreters with the United Stlites J\I'llly' ~me'\ othe1• orgonizationo_ in Sou th. Chin.ti •

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( 4) skilled Workinen. Radio ope:ratorh and others bsve been given employment by th&. China. Ntit;i.onril .4vi~tion · Om'por~1tio11 and. by t.hEl Chinese Govt~rrunent ,. on\\'the. n(\ture of the;i.~ emJlloyinent .hes sot1tto.rrid t]:\e!!J to varfous· po1'ts of the .country and in i:rnme mis<Js to IP:dla;

(5) ,Pi'ofessionHl Men. Some engfneers h~~o found employ­inent ·w:L th. tlwNatH~nal. Rc,soui~cilB Oom;ni·ssicin and,,.o.ther Gclv<n•nnsrit cirgrrniwt:l.lms, olthi!ugh stilf.ry 1Gvcil;:ii¥iiire .liivi and the wives of such irnlivi,.duuls hclve often. hehh i·equired tb;~vork in ·oru•fr to help ouJ.ipcirt tlrnir' famiHeo. Mt1ny do(itors hove. ontered Jll'iVHte )Jl•actice, being reluotil!lt ti}~'serve· with the ChineBo Gcivernment bec,rnoe of irwuf-f i;ciant liay. · · ·· · · ·

· '~ Fatlle1• Ryt~n believes tlrnt the l1n•ge numberB of clerks fr\>J:µ Hong !Cong who fciund. thenwel ves stranded vii tliou.t opportunities to oonti1iue the i1' vo oat;Lon within Ollh111 ai·o::~now moi:n fJd11pt~1 blf, tu thoil~ surroundings,. and in tlli'.s respect h>.1 vo benefi tod by their experience. .It is his op:lnion th,at t1. oonsidertibls prop(>l'tion of.. these olerks WOL\ld be' wl Hin,s to pad.1.cipute in (illy training program wllioh could be est1:1bliuhed ·to fit them .for industrisl work;· He Eilso. oonsidevo tllfi't they will be nt a. disudvnnta~e ofter .tho w1w if they' t1 tternp( to ''.'etum to clerimll WOJ.'k; due' t:i ycilln(;lH', newly tl'Bined eppliounts who would be wil1in2, .to work for· .. Hiwer 1rnlarie::i. Fatllai.• Ryun feels str,mgly thn'.; foreign m:Lsoionnry euterprlses iii Chint1 should turn to; teohnicfll · and spi,cilllized tl·niriii1g :ln theil' .schools ofter the v111r, and hopes tlltlt 'c(Jncrete StBPJl Will be. t11ken in this clirectkl11.

· Res.vecth1lly yours,

Origfnaf encl o~e, cxipy: tu the

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Ri olifi ;(l:~};f~'l-J3ervi oe, Amer_ic11n Vice Consul.