[email protected] Lyudmila Kirilicheva, English Teacher. School Chekhov-7.
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Transcript of [email protected] Lyudmila Kirilicheva, English Teacher. School Chekhov-7.
The History of ImpressionismIn the late 19th century, there was only ONE way for
artists to become successful and that was to have their paintings seen at Le Salon.
The Salon was France’s annual, official art show. Artists who won prizes at the Salon also received lucrative commissions to create works of art for the government. It was important to exhibit at the Salon because it was the only way to get recognition for one’s work and to find new patrons.
The Salon approved conservative paintings that illustrated and taught moral lessons using historical, religious or mythological subjects.
Alexandre Cabanel “Cleopatre”
In the early 1860s, four young painters—Claude Monet, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Alfred Sisley, and Frédéric Bazille began to develop a lighter and brighter manner of painting. When they submitted paintings to the Salon, their work were usually rejected! The Salon jury encouraged and rewarded traditional paintings. To them, the work of the young painters, with its loose brushwork and daring colors, seemed shocking, unfinished and insulting.
The History of Impressionism
In 1874 thirty progressive artists participated in their first joint exhibition. The critical response was mixed. Monet and Cézanne received the harshest attacks. Critic and humorist Louis Leroy wrote a scathing review in which, making wordplay with the title of Claude Monet's Impression, Sunrise he gave the artists the name by which they became known.
The History of Impressionism
Impression, Sunrise
Claude Monet
The History of ImpressionismThe term impressionists quickly gained favour with
the public. It was also accepted by the artists themselves. They exhibited together eight times between 1874 and 1886.
The public, at first hated the paintings, then gradually came to believe the Impressionists had captured a fresh and original vision The Impressionists' style, with its loose, spontaneous brushstrokes, became synonymous with modern life.
Characteristics of Impressionist painting include:
Visible Brushstrokes
Light Colours
Emphasis on Light and Changing
Qualities of it
Ordinary Subject Matter
Unusual Visual Angles
Open Compositions
The Changing Qualities of LightClaude Monet
Haystacks, (Midday)
Claude MonetHaystacks,
(Sunset)
Claude MonetThe Magpie
Ordinary Subject Matter
Camille PissarroFlock of Sheep in a Field after the Harvest
Main ImpressionistsFrédéric Bazille (1841–1870) Фредерик Базиль
Gustave Caillebotte (1848–1894) Гюстав Кайботт
Mary Cassatt (1844–1926) Мэри Кассат
Paul Cézanne (1839–1906) Поль Сезанн
Edgar Degas (1834–1917) Эдгар Дега
Armand Guillaumin (1841–1927) Арман Гийомен
Édouard Manet (1832–1883) Эдуард Мане
Claude Monet (1840–1926) Клод Моне
Berthe Morisot (1841–1895) Берта Моризо
Camille Pissarro (1830–1903) Камиль Писсарро
Pierre-Auguste Renoir (1841–1919) Огюст Ренуар
Alfred Sisley (1839–1899) Альфред Сислей
Monet, Sisley, Morisot, and Pissarro may be considered the "purest" Impressionists, in their consistent pursuit of an art of spontaneity, sunlight, and colour. Degas rejected much of this, as he believed in the primacy of drawing over colour and belittled the practice of painting outdoors. Renoir turned away from Impressionism for a time during the 1880s, and never entirely regained his commitment to its ideas. Édouard Manet, although regarded by the Impressionists as their leader, never abandoned his liberal use of black as a colour, and never participated in the Impressionist exhibitions.
Main Impressionists
Main ThemesClaude Monet – Lily ponds and Gardens
August Renoir – People Outdoors
Edgar Degas – Dancers and Theatre
Camille Pissarro – Cities and Streets
Alfred Sisley – Rivers and Landscapes
Édouard Manet – Scenes of Parisian Social Life
Influence of ImpressionismThe Impressionists created a model for freedom
and subjectivity that promoted artistic freedom that which many artists of the past longed for. Their example empowered later artists that took it much further than they did.
Impressionism became the birth of modern art. All the major art movements that would follow, including Post-Impressionism, Fauvism, Cubism, Surrealism, Abstract Expressionism and Pop Art owe their beginnings to Impressionism
“Impressionism is at the root of all modern art, because it was the first movement that managed to free itself from preconceived ideas, and because it changed not only the way life was depicted but the way life was seen”
Franceso Salvi
