Focus on Grammar 2 (3rd edition)Part 2,

Chapters 4-7

Nouns, adjectives, prepositions, Wh-questions

Chapter 4Count Nouns & Proper Nouns

• Generally count nouns can be counted, but not always. For example:– Bread is non-count; you need a LOAF, a SLICE, a

PIECE, or a POUND of bread.– Lettuce and Corn are uncountable nouns.– Beans are countable, but rice is not countable

(check your dictionary)

Count Nouns & Proper Nouns(a/an for general singular; the for specific)

• Choose A or AN by the next SOUND– an apple, an artsy decoration, an instant success

an unhappy person, an emptiness – a banana, a hit movie, a bad image, a slow death, a

yellow phone, a happy occasion– ?a/an? herbal tea– ?a/an? University– ?a/an? unholy alliance– ?a/an? MBA

Plural Nouns

• Usually add “s” or “es”– http://www.factmonster.com/ipka/A0886509.html– http://www2.gsu.edu/~wwwesl/egw/pluralsn.htm

• Some nouns are irregular. (antenna)• Some nouns are always plural. (pants, glasses)• Proper nouns have capitals, but no articles.

Plural Nouns (pronunciation)

• -S = unvoiced; follows unvoiced sounds– Students, Tops, Tracks

• -Z = voiced; follows voiced sounds– Toads, Bags, Halls, Plans, Flames, Cars, Caves

• -iz = follows “hissing” sounds like –s, -ch, -sh, --x, j– Busses, churches, wishes, boxes, badges

Chapter 5 - Adjectives

• Tell about nouns, so they must be connected to them– After a BE verb• He is smart.

– Before a noun• Smart students study hard.• Teachers like smart students.

Chapter 6 – Prepositions of Place• Above, on top of, under, below, • In front of, in back of, behind, • Between, next to, near,• In, on,

• He lives in Washington. (a country, state, town)• He lives on Pennsylvania Avenue. (a street.)• He lives at 1600 Pennsylvania Ave. (a specific

address)

Chapter 7WH Questions with BE

• Who = people• What = things• When = time• Where = places• Why = reasons (because)

Wh Questions

1. Think about the answer.2. Make a yes/no question, take out the answer, and

put in the WH word.3. Move the WH word to the front.

1. She is from Thailand.2. Is she from Thailand?3. [Is she from WHERE?]4. Where is she from?

4. (EXCEPT SUBJECT QUESTIONS)