FOCUS AREA C SPORT, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND EXERCISE IN THE CONTEXT OF AUSTRALIAN SOCIETY Lesson 1: A...

FOCUS AREA CSPORT, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND EXERCISE IN THE CONTEXT OF

AUSTRALIAN SOCIETY

Lesson 1: A contemporary framework for examining sociocultural factors in

sport and society

Cambridge University Press © Kiss, Kleoudis, Rasi, Stewart and Johnston 2010

• Homework

• Choose the interpersonal level of Figueroa’s framework and use it to examine your participation rate in basketball. In 200 words, explain whether, at the selected level, your access to this particular sport was enhanced for you or diminished for you given your personal circumstances.


Although closely related, these terms have a subtle difference that is

important to understand.

Equality – a social situation where individuals and groups have the same

status, rights, access and opportunities.

Equality versus equity


Equity – when social justice and fairness prevail in decision making.

Principles that underpin equity allow for an unequal distribution of resources

so that a degree of fairness can prevail. Figueroa’s framework is utilised in

this text to explore issues of equity and access for individuals and groups

within society.

Equality versus equity (cont.)


• Explanation 1.• Basketball in the hall at lunchtimes

• Explanation 2• Read pg 306 of textbook

• Explanation 3• Weekend sporting teams (Cost$$$)


Figueroa’s Framework

• This term is all about looking at access to opportunity in sport and physical activity and how it can vary for different people.

• In the 1990’s, Professor Peter Figueroa produced a rationale to try and explain this.

• It is called Figueroa’s Framework (1993)• Copy the diagram on pg 313


(Amezdroz et.al., 2010)


This level recognises the contribution of personal attributes of individuals in determining their access to sport and physical activity. These attributes include:

• beliefs

• values

• psychological preferences

• psychological needs.

Figueroa’s framework – the individual level


This level recognises that the personal access of individuals is affected by the interaction that they have with peripheral or significant others. Personal access includes:

• interaction with parents

• interaction with peers

• interaction with coaches

• interaction with teachers.

Figueroa’s framework – the interpersonal level


This level recognises that there are many institutions in society that create implicit (covert) and explicit (overt) rules and regulations that impact upon the access of individuals and groups to sport and physical activity. These institutions include:

• the family institution

• schools as institutions

• sporting clubs as institutions

• religious institutions

• politics as an institution.

Figueroa’s framework – the institutional level


This level recognises that individual and group access to sport and physical activity is influenced by the distribution of human, physical and financial resources. These resources include:

• government influence on the distribution of resources and rewards

• media influence on the distribution of resources and rewards

• the impact of inequitable distribution of resources and rewards on access to sport and physical activity.

Figueroa’s framework – the structural level


This level recognises that society socialises individuals and groups to shape beliefs, values and culture and that these in turn, affect equity and access to sport and physical activity. Some of these beliefs include:

• sport as a microcosm of society

• cultural influences on body image

• the social construction of gender.

Figueroa’s framework – the cultural level


• How do I know you understand???

• Checking for understanding questions pg 314


• Q1 Textbook Answer• In the past, football (soccer) was strictly a sport played

by males, while females were expected to assume their role as spectators in the grandstand. During this time there was therefore no equal opportunity available for females to participate in football due to society’s perception that such a physical sport could only be accessed by males. Eventually, societal changes in cultural attitudes and changes to club policies at the institutional level gave females access to participate in football, thus granting them equality to participate in football just like their male counterparts.


• Females, however, continued to experience barriers by being treated unfairly when accessing equity in other forms of resources. Unlike their male counterparts, females were not provided with the same resources such as suitable playing fields, attire, time scheduling and media exposure. Furthermore, they received less experienced coaches with the more quality coaches designated to male teams. In addition to this, special development programs gave the opportunity for some of these male players to progress to higher leagues in football.


• This experience has shown that females were eventually granted equality by being permitted to play football but were at the same time denied fair and equal treatment to access resources and rewards like the males receive. Only recently have we been experiencing progress of a much fairer system where females are accessing more resources and opportunities like their male counterparts.

• Does this sound familiar?????


• Q2 Textbook Answer• At the individual level, we possess beliefs and values

that affect our own participation in sport and physical activity. It is here where our choices will determine our access and level of participation in physical activity, but at the same time, at the interpersonal level, our attitudes and actions can affect the access of those we interact with in either a positive or negative manner.


• Q3 Textbook Answer• Top ten sports covered by television and newspaper:

• 1. Rugby League

• 2. Australian Rules football

• 3. Cricket

• 4. Football

• 5. Motor racing

• 6. Ruby union

• 7. Tennis**

• 8. Golf

• 9. Netball**

• 10. Athletics & swimming**


• According to the top ten media-exposed sports, females only feature in the bottom rung of the list. Some of the primary reasons explaining this are the media’s obsession of featuring action sports that attract a higher viewer rating and therefore sponsorship dollars that attracts millions in revenue. These masculine sports are very large part of the Australian culture, with many Australians participating in most of these sports.


• Why might this change this month??


• What is the big ticket item at the Olympic games?

• WHY?


• Uniform controversy

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beach_volleyball#Uniform_controversy


• Homework

• Choose the interpersonal level of Figueroa’s framework and use it to examine your participation rate in basketball. In 200 words, explain whether, at the selected level, your access to this particular sport was enhanced for you or diminished for you given your personal circumstances.


• Effective response strategy

• Basketball at the interpersonal level

• 1. Create an evaluative statement regarding your performance or participation in the physical activity you are studying (Evaluation). This could be by expressing:


• Make a decision as to the interpersonal factors that will be explored in your response. The factors selected should have had a significant influence over your attitudes, beliefs and values regarding your participation in basketball.

• interaction with parents• interaction with peers• interaction with coaches• interaction with teachers.


• Evaluate how your personal experiences during your upbringing have influenced your opportunities to accessing physical activities in general and how this may relate, if applicable, to your opportunities to participating in basketball.

• This may be, for example, due to your interaction or incidents with certain people in your life such as your parents, siblings, peers, teachers’ coaches and the media.

FOCUS AREA C SPORT, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND EXERCISE IN THE CONTEXT OF AUSTRALIAN SOCIETY Lesson 1: A...

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