FN FAL 1

FN FAL

FN FAL

Type Battle rifle

Placeoforigin Belgium

Service historyInservice 1954present

Usedby 90+ countries (see Users)

Wars See conflicts

Production historyDesigner Dieudonn Saive, Ernest Vervier

Designed 19471953

Manufacturer Fabrique Nationale (FN) IMBEL

Produced 19531988

Numberbuilt 2,000,000+

Variants See Variants

SpecificationsWeight FAL 50.00: 4.3kg (9.48lb)

FAL 50.61: 3.90kg (8.6lb) FAL 50.63: 3.79kg (8.4lb) FAL 50.41: 5.95kg (13.1lb)

Length FAL 50.00 (fixed stock): 1,090mm (43in) FAL 50.61 (stock extended): 1,095mm (43.1in) FAL 50.61 (stock folded): 845mm (33.3in) FAL 50.63 (stock extended): 998mm (39.3in) FAL 50.63 (stock folded): 748mm (29.4in) FAL 50.41 (fixed stock): 1,125mm (44.3in)

Barrellength FAL 50.00: 533mm (21.0in) FAL 50.61: 533mm (21.0in) FAL 50.63: 436mm (17.2in) FAL 50.41: 533mm (21.0in)

Cartridge 7.6251mm NATO

Action Gas-operated, tilting breechblock

Rateoffire 650700 rounds/min

Muzzlevelocity FAL 50.00: 840m/s (2,756ft/s) FAL 50.61: 840m/s (2,755.9ft/s) FAL 50.63: 810m/s (2,657.5ft/s) FAL 50.41: 840m/s (2,755.9ft/s)

Effectivefiringrange 400600 m sight adjustments

FN FAL 2

Feedsystem 20 or 30-round detachable box magazine. 50 round drum also available.[citation needed]

Sights Aperture rear sight, post front sight; sight radius: FAL 50.00, FAL 50.41: 553mm (21.8in) FAL 50.61, FAL 50.63: 549mm (21.6in)

The Fusil Automatique Lger ("Light Automatic Rifle") or FAL is a self-loading, selective fire battle rifle producedby the Belgian armaments manufacturer Fabrique Nationale de Herstal (FN). During the Cold War it was adopted bymany North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) countries, with the notable exception of the United States. It isone of the most widely used rifles in history, having been used by more than 90 countries.[1]

The FAL was predominantly chambered for the 7.6251mm NATO round, and because of its prevalence andwidespread use among the armed forces of many NATO countries during the Cold War it was nicknamed "The rightarm of the Free World".A British Commonwealth derivative of the FN FAL has been produced under licence as the L1A1 Self-LoadingRifle.

HistoryIn 1946, the first FN FAL prototype was completed. It was designed to fire the intermediate 7.9233mm Kurzcartridge developed and used by the forces of Nazi Germany during World War II (see StG44 assault rifle). Aftertesting this prototype in 1948, the British Army urged FN to build additional prototypes, including one in bullpupconfiguration, chambered for their new .280 British caliber intermediate cartridge.[2] After evaluating the singlebullpup prototype, FN decided to return instead to their original, conventional design for future production.In 1950, the United Kingdom presented the redesigned FN rifle and the British EM-2, both in .280 British calibre, tothe United States for comparison testing against the favoured United States Army design of the timeEarle Harvey'sT25.[3] It was hoped that a common cartridge and rifle could be standardized for issue to the armies of all NATOmember countries. After this testing was completed, U.S. Army officials suggested that FN should redesign theirrifle to fire the U.S. prototype ".30 Light Rifle" cartridge. FN decided to hedge their bets with the U.S., and in 1951even made a deal that the U.S. could produce FALs royalty-free, given that the UK appeared to be favouring theirown EM-2.This decision appeared to be correct when the British Army decided to adopt the EM-2 and .280 British cartridge inthe very same month. This decision was later rescinded after the Labour Party lost the 1951 General Election andWinston Churchill returned as Prime Minister. It is believed that there was a quid pro quo agreement betweenChurchill and U.S. President Harry Truman in 1952 that the British accept the .30 Light Rifle cartridge as NATOstandard in return for U.S. acceptance of the FN FAL as NATO standard. The .30 Light Rifle cartridge was in factlater standardized as the 7.62mm NATO; however, the U.S. insisted on continued rifle tests. The FAL chamberedfor the .30 Light Rifle went up against the redesigned T25 (now redesignated as the T47), and an M1 Garand variant,the T44. Eventually, the T44 won out, becoming the M14. However, in the meantime, most other NATO countrieswere evaluating and selecting the FAL.FN created what is possibly the classic post-war battle rifle. Formally introduced by its designers Dieudonn Saiveand Ernest Vervier in 1951, and produced two years later, it has been described as the "Right Arm of the FreeWorld." The FAL battle rifle has its Warsaw Pact counterpart in the AKM, each being fielded by dozens of countriesand produced in many of them. A few, such as Israel and South Africa, manufactured and issued both designs atvarious times. Unlike the Soviet AKM assault rifle, the FAL utilized a heavier full-power rifle cartridge.

FN FAL 3

Design detailsThe FAL operates by means of a gas-operated action very similar to that of the Russian SVT-40. The gas system isdriven by a short-stroke, spring-loaded piston housed above the barrel, and the locking mechanism is what is knownas a tilting breechblock. To lock, it drops down into a solid shoulder of metal in the heavy receiver much like thebolts of the Russian SKS carbine and French MAS-49 series of semi-automatic rifles. The gas system is fitted with agas regulator behind the front sight base, allowing adjustment of the gas system in response to environmentalconditions. The piston system can be bypassed completely, using the gas plug, to allow for the firing of riflegrenades and manual operation.[4] The FAL's magazine capacity ranges from five to 30 rounds, with most magazinesholding 20 rounds. In fixed stock versions of the FAL, the recoil spring is housed in the stock, while in folding-stockversions it is housed in the receiver cover, necessitating a slightly different receiver cover, recoil spring, and boltcarrier, and a modified lower receiver for the stock.[5]

FAL rifles have also been manufactured in both light and heavy-barrel configurations, with the heavy barrel intendedfor automatic fire as a section or squad light support weapon. Most heavy barrel FALs are equipped with bipods,although some light barrel models were equipped with bipods, such as the Austrian StG58 and the German G1, and abipod was later made available as an accessory.Among other 7.6251mm NATO battle rifles at the time, the FN FAL had relatively light recoil, due to the gassystem being able to be tuned via regulator in fore-end of the rifle, which allowed for excess gas which would simplyincrease recoil to bleed off. In fully automatic mode, however, the shooter receives considerable abuse from recoil,and the weapon climbs off-target quickly, making automatic fire only of marginal effectiveness. Many militaryforces using the FAL eventually eliminated full-automatic firearms training in the light-barrel FAL.

Variants

Sturmgewehr 58The Sturmgewehr 58 (StG 58) is a battle rifle manufactured under license by Steyr-Daimler-Puch (now SteyrMannlicher), and was formerly the standard rifle of the sterreichisches Bundesheer (Austrian Federal Army).It is essentially a user customized version of the FAL and is still in use, mainly as a drill weapon in the Austrianforces. It was selected in a 1958 competition, beating the Spanish CETME and American AR-10.The StG 58 featured a folding bipod, and differs from the FAL by using a plastic stock, rather than wood, to reduceweight, in the later production rifles (although the early FN-built production rifles did come with wooden stocks). Itcan be distinguished from its Belgian and Argentine counterparts by its combination flash suppressor and grenadelauncher.It was replaced by the AUG in 1977, although the StG 58 served with many units as the primary service rifle throughthe mid-1980s.

FN FAL 4

Sturmgewehr 58

STG-58 with DSA Type I receiver

Type Battle rifle

Placeoforigin Austria

Service historyInservice 19581977

Usedby Austria

Production historyDesigner Dieudonn Saive

Designed 1946

Manufacturer Steyr-Daimler-Puch

SpecificationsWeight 4.45kg (9.81lb) to 5.15kg (11.35lb)

Length 1,100mm (43in)

Barrellength 533mm (21.0in)

Cartridge 7.62mm NATO

Action Gas-operated, tilting breechblock

Muzzlevelocity 823m/s (2,700ft/s)

Effectivefiringrange 800m (870yd)

Feedsystem 20-round magazine

FN Production Variants

LAR 50.41 & 50.42

Also known as FALO as an abbreviation from the French Fusil Automatique Lourd; Heavy barrel for sustained fire with 30-round magazine as a squad automatic weapon; Known in Canada as the C2A1, it was their primary squad automatic weapon until it was phased out during the

1980s in favor of the C9, which has better accuracy and higher ammunition capacity than the C2; Known to the Australian Army as the L2A1, it was replaced by the FN Minimi. The L2A1 or 'heavy barrel' FAL

was used by several Commonwealth nations and was found to frequently experience a failure to feed after firingtwo rounds from a full magazine when in automatic mode.

The 50.41 is fitted with a synthetic buttstock, while the 50.42's buttstock is made from wood.

FN FAL 5

FAL 50.61

Folding-stock, standard barrel length.

The FAL 50.61 variant.

FAL 50.62

Folding-stock, shorter 458mm barrel, paratrooper version andstandard charging handle.

FAL 50.63

Folding-stock, shorter 406mm barrel, paratrooper version, folding charging handle. This shorter version wasrequested by Belgian paratroopers. The upper receiver was not cut for a carry handle, the bolt stop device wereabsent which allowed the folded-stock rifle to fit through the doorway of their C-119 Flying Boxcar when wornhorizontally across the chest.

FAL 50.64

Folding-stock, standard barrel length, 'Hiduminium' aluminum alloy lower receiver,the charging handle on the50.64 was a folding model similar to the L1A1 rifles.

FAL OSW (DSA-58 OSW)

Folding-stock, shorter 330mm barrel, paratrooper version.

Other FN Variants FAL .280 Experimental Rifle FAL Universal Carbine FAL Bullpup 1951

Olin/Winchester FAL

A semi-automatic, twin barrel variant chambered in the 5.56mm Duplex round during Project SALVO.[6] Thisplatform was designed by Stefan Kenneth Janson who previously designed the EM-2 rifle.

Armtech L1A1 SAS

Dutch company Armtech built the L1A1 SAS, a carbine variant of the L1A1 with a barrel length of 290mm.[7]

Production and useThe FAL has been used by over 90 countries, and over two million have been produced. The FAL was originally made by Fabrique Nationale de Herstal (FN) in Lige, Belgium, but it has also been made under license in a number of countries. A distinct sub-family was the Commonwealth inch-dimensioned versions that were manufactured in the United Kingdom and Australia (as the L1A1 Self Loading Rifle or SLR), and in Canada as the C1. The standard metric-dimensioned FAL was manufactured in South Africa (where it was known as the R1), Brazil, Israel, Austria and Argentina. Mexico assembled FN-made components into complete rifles at its national arsenal in Mexico City. The FAL was also exported to many other countries, such as Venezuela, where a small-arms industry produces some basically unchanged variants, as well as ammunition. By modern standards, one disadvantage of the FAL is the amount of work which goes into machining the complex receiver, bolt and bolt carrier. Some theorized that the

FN FAL 6

movement of the tilting bolt mechanism tends to return differently with each shot, affecting inherent accuracy of theweapon, but this has been proven to be false. The FAL's receiver is machined, while most other modern militaryrifles use quicker stamping or casting techniques. Modern FALs have many improvements over those produced byFN and others in the mid-20th-century (for comparison, see a photo of a modern Para-style FAL).

ArgentinaThe Argentine Armed Forces officially adopted the FN FAL in 1955, but the first FN made examples did not arrivein Argentina until the autumn of 1958. Subsequently, in 1960, licensed production of FALs began and continueduntil the mid-to-late 1990s, when production ceased. In 2010, a project to modernize the totality of the existing FALand to produce an unknown number of them was approved. This project was called FAL M5.Argentine FALs were produced by the government-owned arsenal FM (Fabricaciones Militares) at the FbricaMilitar de Armas Porttiles "Domingo Matheu" (FMAP "DM") in Rosario. The acronym "FAL" was kept, itstranslation being "Fusil Automtico Liviano", (Light Automatic Rifle). Production weapons included "Standard" and"Para" (folding buttstock) versions. Military rifles were produced with the full auto fire option. The rifles wereusually known as the FM FAL, for the "Fabricaciones Militares" brand name (FN and FM have a long standinglicensing and manufacturing agreement). A heavy barrel version, known as the FAP (Fusil Automtico Pesado, orheavy automatic rifle) was also produced for the armed forces, to be used as a squad automatic weapon. TheArgentine 'heavy barrel' FAL, also used by several other nations, was found to frequently experience a failure to feedafter firing two rounds from a full magazine when in automatic mode.A version of the FALMP III chambered in the 5.5645mm NATO cartridge was developed in the early 1980s. Itused M16 type magazines but one version called the FALMP III 5.56mm Type 2 used Steyr AUG magazines. TheFARA 83 (Fusil Automtico Repblica Argentina) was to replace the Argentine military's FAL rifles. The designborrowed features from the FAL such as the gas system and folding stock. It seems to have been also influenced tosome degree by other rifles (the Beretta AR70/223, M16, and the Galil). An estimated quantity of between 2,500 and3,000 examples were produced for field testing, but military spending cuts killed the project in the mid-1980s.There was also a semi-automaticonly version, the FSL, intended for the civilian market. Legislation changes in1995 (namely, the enactment of Presidential Decree N 64/95) imposed a de facto ban on "semi-automatic assaultweapons". Today, it can take up to two years to obtain a permit for the ownership of an FSL. The FSL was offeredwith full or folding stocks, plastic furniture and orthoptic sights.Argentine FALs saw action during the Falklands War (Falklands-Malvinas/South Atlantic War), and in differentpeace-keeping operations such as in Cyprus and the former Yugoslavia. Rosario-made FALs are known to have beenexported to Bolivia (in 1971), Colombia, Croatia (during the wars in former Yugoslavia during the 1990s),Honduras, Nigeria (this is unconfirmed, most Nigerian FALs are from FN in Belgium or are British-made L1A1s),Peru, and Uruguay (which reportedly took delivery of some Brazilian IMBEL-made FALs as well). Deactivatedex-Argentinean FALs from the many thousands captured during the Falklands War are used by UK forces as part ofthe soldier's load on some training courses run over public land in the UK.The Argentine Marine Corps, a branch of the Argentine Navy, has replaced the FN/FM FAL in front line units,adopting the U.S. M16A2. The Argentine Army has expressed its desire to acquire at least 1,500 new rifleschambered for the 5.5645mm NATO SS109/U.S. M855 (.223 Remington) cartridge, to be used primarily by itspeacekeeping troops on overseas deployments.The US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) secretly purchased several thousand Argentine FAL rifles in 1981, whichwere supplied to the Nicaraguan Contras rebel group. These rifles have since appeared throughout Central Americain use with other organizations.These rifles are currently being modernized to a new standard, the FAL M5 (or FAL V), which uses polymer parts toreduce weight, and has Picatinny rails and optic mounts for carrying accessories.

FN FAL 7

BrazilBrazil took delivery of a small quantity of FN-made FAL rifles for evaluation as early as 1954. Troop field testingwas performed with FN made FALs between 1958 and 1962. Then, in 1964, Brazil officially adopted the rifle,designating the rifle M964 for 1964. Licensed production started shortly thereafter at the Indstria de MaterialBlico do Brasil, or IMBEL, in Itajub in the state of Minas Gerais. The folding stock version was designatedM964A1. By the late 1980s/early 1990s, IMBEL had manufactured some 200,000 M964 rifles. Later Brazilian madeFALs have Type 3, hammer forged receivers. Early FN made FALs for Brazil are typical FN 1964 models with Type1 or Type 2 receivers, plastic stock, handguard, and pistol grip, 22mm cylindrical flash hider for grenade launching,and plastic model "D" carrying handle. Brazilian-made FALs are thought to have been exported to Uruguay. Aheavy barrel version, known as the FAP (Fuzil Automtico Pesado, or heavy automatic rifle) was also produced forthe armed forces, to be used as a squad automatic weapon.

Brazilian soldiers from the Ipiranga SpecialBorder Platoon.

Brazil's current service weapon is a development of the FAL in5.5645mm. Known as the MD-2 and MD-3 assault rifles, it is alsomanufactured by IMBEL. The first prototype, the MD-1, came outaround 1983. In 1985, the MD-2 was presented and adopted by theBrazilian Armed Forces and Military Police. Its new 5.5645mmNATO chambering aside, the MD-2/MD-3 is still very similar to theFAL and externally resembles it, changes include a change in thelocking system, which was replaced by an M16-type rotating bolt. TheMD-2 and MD-3 use STANAG magazines, but have differentbuttstocks. The MD-2 features a FN 50.63 'para' side-folding stock,while the MD-3 uses the same fixed polymer stock of the standardFAL.

IMBEL also produced a semi-automatic version of the FAL for Springfield Armory, Inc. (not to be confused withthe US military Springfield Armory), which was marketed in the US as the SAR-48 (standard model) and SAR-4800(made after 1989 with some military features removed to comply with new legislation), starting in the mid-1980s.IMBEL-made receivers have been much in demand among American gunsmiths building FALs from "parts kits."IMBEL currently offer the FAL in 8 versions,[8]

M964, the standard length semi-auto and full auto. M964 MD1, short barrel semi-auto and full auto. M964 MD2, standard length semi-auto only. M964 MD3, short barrel semi-auto only. M964A1, folding stock standard barrel semi-auto and full auto. M964A1 MD1, folding stock short barrel semi-auto and full auto. M964A1 MD2, folding stock standard barrel semi-auto only. M964A1 MD3, folding stock short barrel semi-auto only.

British and Commonwealth

British L1A1 SLR

Australia

The Australian Army, as a late member of the Allied Rifle Committeealong with the United Kingdom and Canada adopted the committee'simproved version of the FAL rifle, designated the L1A1 rifle by

FN FAL 8

Australia and Great Britain, and C1 by Canada. The Australian L1A1 is also known as the Self-Loading Rifle (SLR),and in full auto form, the Automatic Rifle (AR). The Australian L1A1 FAL rifle was in service with Australianforces until it was superseded by the F88 Austeyr (a licence-built version of the Steyr AUG) in 1988, though someremained in service with Reserve units until late 1993. Australian L1A1s were semi-automatic only, unlessbattlefield conditions mandated that modifications be made.The Australians, in co-ordination with Canada, developed a heavy-barrel version of the L1A1 as an Automatic Riflevariant, designated L2A1. The L2A1 was similar to the FN FAL 50.41/42, but with a unique combinedbipod/hand-guard and a receiver dust-cover mounted tangent rear sight from Canada. It is noteworthy that mostcountries that adopted the FAL rejected the Heavy Barrel FAL, presumably because it did not perform well in themachine gun role. Countries that did embrace the Heavy Barrel FAL included Argentina, Australia, Belgium,Canada, and Israel.The Australian L1A1/L2A1 rifles were produced by the Small Arms Factory, Lithgow, with approximately 220,000L1A1 rifles produced between 1959 and 1986. L2A1 production was approximately 10,000 rifles produced between1962 and 1982. Lithgow exported a large number of L1A1 rifles to many countries in the region.The L1A1 is still used as a ceremonial weapon by Australia's Federation Guard.

Canada

The Canadian Forces operated a number of versions, the most common being the C1A1, similar to the British L1A1(which became more or less a Commonwealth standard). It was manufactured under license by the CanadianArsenals Limited company.[9] Although the FAL was created in Belgium, Canada was the first to adopt it. TheCanadian Forces began using the C1, a modified version of the FAL, in 1955. It served as Canada's standard battlerifle until 1984, when it began to be phased out in favor of the lighter Diemaco C7, a licence-built version of the USM16. The Canadians also operated an automatic variant, the C2A1, as a section support weapon, which was verysimilar to the Australian L2A1. The C1A1 was also adopted by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police in 1961.

Malaysia

The Malaysian Army was another country that adopted the Commonwealth L1A1 SLR rifle, to replace their obsoletebolt action rifles. The Royal Malaysian Navy adopted the L1A1 SLR early than Malaysian Army about 1965-66alongside the Sterling SMG, while the army didn't adopt it until 1969.

New Zealand

New Zealand's Armed Forces used the Australian-manufactured SLR L1A1 as the standard service rifle for justunder 30 years, replaced by the Steyr AUG in 1988. The Australian L2A1 (AR) variant of the weapon also sawlimited use.

United Kingdom

The United Kingdom produced its own variant of the FN FAL incorporating the modifications developed by theAllied Rifle Committee, designating it the L1A1 Self Loading Rifle (SLR). The weapons were manufactured by theRoyal Small Arms Factory Enfield, Birmingham Small Arms, Royal Ordnance Factory and ROF Fazakerley. Afterthe production run ceased, replacement components were made by Parker Hale Limited. The SLR served the BritishArmed Forces from 1954 until approximately 1994, being replaced by the L85A1 from 1985 onwards.

FN FAL 9

Germany

A West German soldier on a jointexercise with American troops in1960. The Germans used the FALbriefly in the late 1950s and early

1960s under the designation GewehrG1.

The first German FALs were from an order placed in late 1955/early 1956, forseveral thousand FN FAL so-called "Canada" models with wood furniture andthe prong flash hider. These weapons were intended for the Bundesgrenzschutz(border guard) and not the nascent Bundeswehr (army), which at the time usedM1 Garands and M1/M2 carbines. In November 1956, however, West Germanyordered 100,000 additional FALs, designated the G1, for the army. FN made therifles between April 1957 and May 1958. G1s served in the West GermanBundeswehr for a relatively short time in the late 1950s and early 1960s, beforethey were replaced by the Spanish CETME Modelo 58 rifle in 1959 (which wasextensively reworked into the later G3 rifle). The G1 featured a pressed metalhandguard identical to the ones used on the Austrian Stg. 58, as well as the Dutchand Greek FALs, this being slightly slimmer than the standard wood or plastichandguards, and featuring horizontal lines running almost their entire length. G1swere also fitted with a unique removable prong flash hider, adding anotherexternal distinction. The main reason for the replacement of the G1 in Germanywas the refusal of the Belgians to grant a license for production of the weapon inGermany.[citation needed] Many G1 FALs were passed on to Turkey after theirwithdrawal from German service. Of note is the fact that the G1 was the first FAL variant with the 3mm lower sightsspecifically requested by Germany, previous versions having the taller Commonwealth-type sights also seen onIsraeli models.

GreeceFN FAL rifles produced in Belgium were adopted by the Greek Army before the adoption of HK G3A3s riflesproduced under license by Hellenic Arms Industry(). For a few years, FN FAL rifles were also produced underlicense by the Greek PYRKAL () factory. FN FAL and FALO rifles were in use by Greek Army SpecialForces and IV Army Corps from 1973 till 1999 and are still in use by Greek Coast Guard.[10] [11]

IndiaThe Rifle 7.62mm 1A1 is a reverse engineering of the UK L1A1 self-loading rifle, manufactured by OrdnanceFactory Tiruchirappalli of Ordnance Factories Board. The Indian 1A1 differs from the UK SLR in that the woodenbutt-stock uses the butt-plate from the Lee-Enfield with trap for oil bottle and cleaning pull-through. The 1A1 riflehas been supplemented in service with the Indian Army by the INSAS 5.56mm assault rifle. The 1A1 rifle is stillavailable for export sales. A fully automatic version of the rifle (known as the 1C) is also available.[12][13]

Dutch FN FAL with an infrared light and scope,exhibited at the Legermuseum in Delft.

FN FAL 10

Israel

Israeli Heavy Barrel FAL. Note the hingedbuttplate.

After the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) hadto overcome several logistics problems which were a result of the widevariety of old firearms that were in service. In 1955 the IDF adoptedthe IMI-produced Uzi submachine gun. To replace the German MauserKar 98k and some British Lee-Enfield rifles, the IDF decided in thesame year to adopt the FN FAL as its standard-issue infantry rifle,under the name Rov've Mittan or Romat ("), an abbreviation of"Self-Loading Rifle". The FAL version ordered by the IDF came intwo basic variants, both regular and heavy-barrel (automatic rifle), and were chambered for 7.62mm NATOammunition. In common with heavy-barrel FALs used by several other nations, the Israeli 'heavy barrel' FAL (calledthe Makle'a Kal, or Makleon) was found to frequently experience a failure to feed after firing two rounds from a fullmagazine when in automatic mode. The Israeli FALs were originally produced as selective-fire rifles, though laterlight-barrel rifle versions were altered to semi-automatic fire only. The Israeli models are recognizable by adistinctive handguard with a forward perforated sheet metal section, and a rear wood section unlike most other FALsin shape, and their higher 'Commonwealth'-type sights.

The Israeli FAL first saw action in relatively small quantities during the Suez Crisis of 1956, and by the Six-DayWar in June 1967, it was the standard Israeli rifle. During the Yom Kippur War of October 1973 it was still infront-line service as the standard Israeli rifle, though increasing criticism eventually led to the phasing-out of theweapon. Israeli forces were primarily mechanized in nature; the long, heavy FAL slowed deployment drills, andproved exceedingly difficult to maneuver within the confines of a vehicle.[14][15] Additionally, Israeli forcesexperienced repeated jamming of the FAL due to heavy sand and dust ingress endemic to Middle Eastern desertwarfare, requiring repeated field-stripping and cleaning of the rifle, sometimes while under fire. During the laterstages of the Yom Kippur War, it was noted that some Israeli soldiers had informally exchanged their FALs for thefar more reliable Soviet Kalashnikov AK-47 assault rifles taken from dead and captured Arab soldiers. Though theIDF evaluated a few modified FAL rifles with 'sand clearance' slots in the bolt carrier and receiver (which werealready part of the Commonwealth L1A1/C1A1 design), malfunction rates did not significantly improve.[16] TheIsraeli FAL was eventually replaced by the M16 and the Galil (a weapon using the Soviet Kalashnikov operatingsystem, and chambered in either 5.5645 or 7.62 NATO), though the FAL remained in production in Israel until atleast 1981.

RhodesiaLike most British dependencies of the time, Southern Rhodesia had equipped its security forces with the BritishL1A1, or SLR, by the early 1960s. Following that country's unilateral declaration of independence in 1965, newrifles could not be readily procured from the UK, so Belgian FNs and South African R1s were imported instead. Theolder L1s subsequently completed their service with the British South Africa Police and Internal Affairs and to alesser extent territorial troops in the Rhodesia Regiment.During the Rhodesian Bush War, security forces fitted most standard FNs with customised flash suppressors toreduce recoil on fully automatic fire. However, a few soldiers rejected these devices, which they charged upset thebalance of their weapons during close action. In this theatre, the FN was generally considered superior to the SovietKalashnikovs or SKS carbines carried by communist-backed PF insurgents.Trade sanctions and the gradual erosion of South African support in the 1970s led to serious ammunition shortages. Consequently, shipments of G3s were accepted from Portugal, although the security forces considered these less reliable than the FAL. Following Robert Mugabe's ascension to power in 1980, Rhodesia's remaining FNs were passed on to her Zimbabwean successor state.[17] To simplify maintenance and logistics, the weapon initially

FN FAL 11

remained a standard service rifle in the Zimbabwe Defence Force. It was anticipated that more 7.62 NATOammunition would be imported to cover existing shortages, but a sabotage action carried out against the oldRhodesian Army stockpiles negated this factor. Zimbabwe promptly supplemented its surviving inventory withSoviet and North Korean arms.

United StatesThe USA tested the FAL in several forms; initially as manufactured by FN in experimental configurations, and laterin the final T48 configuration as an official competitor for the new US Light Self-Loading Rifle intended to replacethe M1 Garand. The US Army procured T48 rifles from three firms for testing, including two US based companies inan effort to assess the manufacturability of the FN design in the USA. The T48 was manufactured for testing byFabrique Nationale (FN), of Herstal, Belgium; Harrington & Richardson (H&R) of Worcester, Massachusetts; andthe High Standard Company of Hartford, Connecticut. The United States also received a small number of FALHeavy Barrel Rifles (HBAR) (either 50.41 or pre-50.41) for testing, under the designation T48E1, though none ofthese rifles were adopted by US.

A T48 rifle made by FN for trials in the UnitedStates.

The T48/FAL competed head to head against the T44 rifle, basically aproduct-improved M1 Garand with detachable magazine and select-firecapability.[18] Initial testing proved the T48 and the T44 roughlycomparable in performance. In December 1953, both rifles competedin the arctic rifle trials.[19] Springfield Armory, anxious to ensure theselection of the T44, had been preparing and modifying the test T44rifles for weeks with the aid of the Armory's Cold Chamber, including

redesign of the T44 gas regulator and custom modifications to magazines and other parts to reduce friction andseizing in extreme cold. The T48 rifles received no such special preparation, and began to experience gas systemproblems during the trials. FN engineers opened the gas ports in an attempt to improve functioning, but this causedearly/violent extraction and broken parts as a result of the increased pressures. As a result, the T44 was ranked by thearctic test staff as decidedly superior in cold weather operation.

In the end, the T44 was selected over the T48/FAL primarily because of weight (the T44 was a pound lighter thanthe T48), simplicity (the T44 had fewer parts), the T44's self-compensating gas system, and the argument that theT44 could be manufactured on existing machinery built for the M1 rifle (a concept that later turned out to beunworkable).[20][21] In 1957, the U.S. formally adopted the T44 as the M14 service rifle.In the wake of World War II, the NATO "Rifle Steering Committee" was formed to encourage the adoption of astandardized NATO rifle. The Committee and the US interest in the FAL proved to be a turning point in the directionof the FAL's development. The US and NATO interest in small arms standardization was the primary reason why theFAL was redesigned to use the newly developed 7.6251mm NATO cartridge, instead of the intermediate cartridgedesigns originally tested by FN. Two political factors are worth noting: the US Government tacitly indicated toNATO, and specifically to the United Kingdom, that if the FAL were redesigned for the new US 7.6251mmcartridge, then the FAL would become acceptable to the US, and the US would presumably adopt the FAL rifle.Secondly, FN had indicated that it would allow former WWII Allied countries to produce the FAL design with nolicensing or royalty costs as a gift to the Allies for the liberation of Belgium. Ultimately, the US chose to part withthe other NATO members and adopt the M14 rifle, while the majority of NATO countries immediately adopted theFAL.

FN FAL 12

Century Arms FN-FAL rifle built from an L1A1parts kit

During the late 1980s and 1990s, many countries decommissioned theFAL from their armories and sold them en masse to United Statesimporters as surplus. The rifles were imported to the United States asfully automatic guns. Once in the U.S., the FAL's were"de-militarized" (upper receiver destroyed) to eliminate the rifles'character as an automatic rifle, as stipulated by the Gun Control Act of1968 (GCA 68 currently prohibits the importation of foreign-madefull-automatic rifles prior to the enactment of the Gun Control Act; semiautomatic versions of the same firearm werelegal to import until the Semiautomatic Assault Rifle Ban of 1989). Thousands of the resulting "parts kits" were soldat generally low prices ($90 $250) to hobbyists. The hobbyists rebuilt the parts kits to legal and functionalsemi-automatic rifles on new semi-automatic upper receivers. FAL rifles are still commercially available from a fewdomestic firms in semi-auto configuration: Entreprise Arms, DSArms, and Century International Arms. Mostnotably Century Arms created a semi-automatic version L1A1 with an IMBEL upper receiver and surplus BritishEnfield inch-pattern parts.

VenezuelaUntil recently, the FAL was the main service rifle of the Venezuelan army, made under license by CAVIM. The firstbatch of rifles to arrive in Venezuela were chambered in 749mm (also known as 7mm Liviano or 7mmVenezuelan). Essentially a 757mm round shortened to intermediate length, this caliber was jointly developed byVenezuelan and Belgian engineers motivated by a global move towards intermediate calibers. The Venezuelans, whohad been exclusively using the 757mm round in their light and medium weapons since the turn of the 21st century,felt it was a perfect platform on which to base a caliber tailored to the particular rigors of the Venezuelan terrain.Eventually the plan was dropped despite having ordered millions of rounds and thousands of weapons of this caliber.As the Cold War escalated, the military command felt it necessary to align with NATO despite not being a member,resulting in the adoption of the 7.6251mm cartridge and the rechambering of the 5,000 or so FAL rifles that hadalready arrived in 749mm by 1955-56.Venezuela has bought 100,000 AK-103 assault rifles from Russia in order to replace the old FALs. Although the fullshipment arrived by the end of 2006, the FAL will remain in service with the Venezuelan Reserve Forces and theTerritorial Guard.

ConflictsIn the more than 50 years of use worldwide, the FAL has seen use in conflicts all over the world. During theFalklands War, the FN FAL was used by both sides. The FAL was used by the Argentine armed forces and the L1A1Self Loading Rifle (SLR), a semi-automatic only version of the FAL, was used by the UK armed forces. Suez Crisis Aden Emergency Malayan Emergency Bay of Pigs Invasion Indonesian Confrontation Vietnam War Cambodian Civil War Six-Day War Turkish invasion of Cyprus Portuguese Colonial War South African Border War

FN FAL 13

Angolan Civil War Northern Ireland Troubles War of Attrition Rhodesian Bush War Falklands War Gulf War Balkan Wars Cenepa War Sierra Leone Civil War Yom Kippur War Rwandan Civil War Iraqi insurgency Libyan civil war Syrian civil war

All users

Nigerian troops in Somalia with FALs.

Angola[17]

Argentina: Produced under license. Australia: Produced under license, replaced by Steyr AUG.

Currently still issued as a drill weapon to members of theceremonial Federation Guard.

Austria: Produced under license. Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belgium Belize Bolivia Botswana Brazil: Produced under license. Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Croatia: Used during Croatian War of Independence, often

called "Falovka". Canada: Produced under license. Chad Chile Former user Colombia Congo Costa Rica Cuba[22]

Cyprus Democratic Republic of Congo Djibouti Dominican Republic

FN FAL 14

Dutch FN FAL being carriedby a marine

Ecuador Fiji Gambia Ghana Greece Guyana Honduras India: Manufactured a reverse engineering of the UK L1A1 self-loading rifle.

The Indian 1A1 differs from the UK SLR in that the wooden butt-stock uses thebutt-plate from the Lee-Enfield with trap for oil bottle and cleaning pull-through. Afully automatic version of the rifle (known as the 1C) is also available.

Ireland: Used as the service rifle of the Irish Defence Forces from the early1960s (starting with UN service in the Congo) until 1989 when it was replaced bythe Steyr AUG. The Irish Naval Service still use the FN FAL for line throwing. In2011, the Irish Army re-introducing an upgraded version of the FN FAL as a snipersupport weapon.

Israel: Produced under license., officially replaced by IMI Galil and M16. Jamaica Kenya Kuwait Lebanon Liberia Libyan Arab Jamahiriya/ Anti-Gaddafi forces Luxembourg Used Belgian FALs from 1957 to 1996, replaced by Steyr AUG. Malawi Malaysia Malta Mauritius: Used by Mauritius Police Force.[23][24]

Mexico: Produced under license. Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Nepal Netherlands: The Royal Netherlands Army adopted the rifle with a bipod and in semi-automatic form, in

1961. In service it was called Het licht automatisch geweer, but usually known as the 'FAL'. The rifles had unique sights (hooded at the front) and the German style sheet metal front handguard. A sniper version, Geweer Lange Afstand, was also used standard with a scope of Dutch origin produced by the Artillerie Inrichtingen, and without the bipod. The scope was designated Kijker Richt Recht AI 62. The heavy-barrel FAL 50.42 version was also

FN FAL 15

adopted later as a squad automatic weapon as the Het zwaar automatisch geweer.[25]

New Zealand:[26] Used Australian built L1A1 from 1960, replaced by Steyr AUG in 1988. Nigeria: Licensed by DICON (Defence Industries Corporation of Nigeria) in Nigeria as the NR-1. Oman Pakistan: Used by the Pakistan Army. Panama Papua New Guinea Used Australian built L1A1. Paraguay Peru Portugal In 1960, the Army issued quantities of light-barrel FN and West German G1 FAL rifles to several of

its elite commando forces, including the Companhias de Caadores Especiais (Special Hunter [Ranger]companies).[27] The latter often expressed a preference for the lighter FAL over the Portuguese-manufacturedversion of the H&K G3 rifle when on ambush or patrol.[28] In Portuguese service, the FN FAL was designatedEspingarda Automtica 7,62mm FN m/962.

Qatar Rhodesia: Adopted in the 1960s.[29]

Rwanda Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Saudi Arabia Sierra Leone South Africa: Produced under license by ARMSCOR. After a competition between the German G3 rifle, the

Armalite AR-10, and the FN FAL, the South African Defence Force adopted three main variants of the FAL: arifle with the designation R1, a "lightweight" variant of the FN FAL 50.64 with folding butt, fabricated locallyunder the designation R2, and a model designed for police use not capable of automatic fire under the designationR3.[30] ( 200,000 were destroyed in UN-sponsored "Operation Mouflon" in 2001). A number of other variants ofthe R1 were built, the R1 HB, which had a heavy barrel and bipod, the R1 Sniper, which could be fitted with ascope and the R1 Para Carbine, which used a Single Point IR sight and had a shorter barrel.[31]

South Sudan: Used in Armed Forces of South Sudan.[citation needed]

Sri Lanka: The Sri Lankan Army adopted the L1A1 SLR rifle in the 1970s to replace the bolt actionLee-Enfield rifle and Sten sub-machinegun. It was widely used in the early stages of the Sri Lankan Civil Warbefore being replaced by the AK-47 and Type 56 assault rifles.[citation needed]

Suriname Swaziland Syria Tanzania Thailand: Used by Royal Thai Police since the 1960s, designated "Rifle Type 05" (1962). Togo Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey: Used by Turkish Land Forces as G1 between 1960s - 1980s[32]

Uganda United Arab Emirates United Kingdom: L1A1 version used by the British Army until 1987, then replaced by the L85A1. The rifle

has since been phased out of service from the British Army.[]

Uruguay Venezuela: Produced under license. West Germany[33]

FN FAL 16

Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

References[1] Hogg, Ian (2002). Jane's Guns Recognition Guide. Jane's Information Group. ISBN 0-00-712760-X.[2] FN FAL (Belgium) (http:/ / world. guns. ru/ assault/ as24f-e. htm)[3] Earl Harvey's T-25 (http:/ / www. powmadeak47. com/ rifle/ t25. html)[4] http:/ / www. shootingillustrated. com/ index. php/ 1457/ tuning-the-fals-gas-system/[5] Popeneker, Maxim & Williams, Anthony (2005). Assault Rifle. The Crowood Press Ltd. ISBN 1-86126-700-2.[6] http:/ / img716. imageshack. us/ img716/ 1769/ 211758147gio0y5m. jpg[7] Armtech FAL SAS (http:/ / www. securityarms. com/ 20010315/ galleryfiles/ 2600/ 2649. htm)[8] Fuzil 7,62 M964 (FAL) (http:/ / www. imbel. gov. br/ index. php?option=com_content& view=article& id=76& Itemid=31& lang=en)[9] Service Rifles. (http:/ / www. canadiansoldiers. com/ weapons/ rifles. htm) Retrieved on May 13, 2008.[10][10] Sazanidis[11][11] Hellenic Army General Staff / Army History Directorate[12] Rifle 7.62 MM 1A1 (http:/ / ofbindia. gov. in/ products/ data/ weapons/ wsc/ 15. htm)[13] OFB 7.62 mm 1A1 and 1C rifles (India), Rifles (http:/ / www. janes. com/ articles/ Janes-Infantry-Weapons/

OFB-7-62-mm-1A1-and-1C-rifles-India. html)[14] South African Military History Society Newsletter (June 2006) http:/ / samilitaryhistory. org/ 6/ 06junnl. html[15] Bodinson, Holt, Centurys Golani Sporter: The Israeli-designed AK Hybrid is a Solid Performer, Guns Magazine, July 2007[16] Weapons Wizard Israeli Galili, Soldier of Fortune Magazine, March 1982[17] Jones, Richard D. Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009/2010. Jane's Information Group; 35 edition (January 27, 2009). ISBN 978-0-7106-2869-5.[18] Stevens, R. Blake, The FAL Rifle, Collector Grade Publications, ISBN 0-88935-168-6, ISBN 978-0-88935-168-4 (1993)[19] The T48 Automatic Rifle: The American FAL (http:/ / www. cruffler. com/ historic-april01. html), Cruffler.com, retrieved 24 April 2012[20] Rayle, Roy E., Random Shots: Episodes In The Life Of A Weapons Developer, Bennington, VT: Merriam Press, ISBN 978-1-4357-5021-0

(2008), pp. 9595[21] Hatcher, Julian S. (Maj. Gen.), Hatcher's Notebook, Harrisburg, PA: The Stackpole Company (1962), p. 496[22] http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=cchLfXrXpH4C& pg=PA62& lpg=PA62[23] http:/ / www. kotzot. com/ mauritius-police-force-nomination/[24] http:/ / laverdant. photoshelter. com/ image/ I0000KowoueRvxdY[25][25] Ezell, 1988, p. 276[26] http:/ / www. vietnamwar. govt. nz/ photo/ 762mm-calibre-l1a1-self-loading-rifle 7.62mm calibre L1A1 Self Loading Rifle New Zealand

History Online[27] Afonso, Aniceto and Gomes, Carlos de Matos, Guerra Colonial (2000), ISBN 972-46-1192-2, pp. 183184, 358-359[28] Afonso, Aniceto and Gomes, Carlos de Matos, Guerra Colonial (2000), ISBN 972-46-1192-2, pp. 358359[29] http:/ / www. thefreelibrary. com/ The+ military+ rifle+ cartridges+ of+ Rhodesia+ Zimbabwe%3A+ from+ Cecil+ Rhodes. . .

-a0234316416[30][30] Ezell, 1988, p. 328[31][31] Small Arms Illustrated, 2010[32] http:/ / world. guns. ru/ assault/ be/ fn-fal-e. html[33] http:/ / world. guns. ru/ assault/ as24f-e. htm

A fonso, Aniceto and Gomes, Carlos de Matos, Guerra Colonial, 2000 Chanoff, David; Doan Van Toai (1996). Vietnam, A Portrait of its People at War. London: Taurus & Co. ISBN

1-86064-076-1. Ezell, Clinton, Small Arms of the World, Stackpole Books (1983) Hellenic Army General Staff / Army History Directorate, (Greek).( /

), "The armament of Greek Army 1868 - 2000 ( 1868 2000)",Athens, Greece, 2000

Pikula, Maj. Sam, The Armalite AR-10, 1998 Sazanidis, Christos. (Greek). "Arms of the Greeks ( )". Maiandros (),

Thessaloniki, Greece, 1995 ISBN 978-960-90213-0-2 Stevens, R. Blake, The FAL Rifle, Collector Grade Publications (1993)

FN FAL 17

External links Additional information, including pictures at Modern Firearms (http:/ / world. guns. ru/ assault/ as24f-e. htm) FNH Firearms Blog (http:/ / www. fnhblog. com) The FAL Files (http:/ / www. falfiles. com) The FN/FAL & L1A1 FAQ (http:/ / www. rawles. to/ FAL_FAQ. html) FAL Manual Collection (http:/ / www. sturmgewehr. com/ bhinton/ FAL/ ) FN FAL Rifle Ejector Photos (http:/ / community-1. webtv. net/ ggiilliiee/ FALRIFLEEJECTOR/ )

Video Video of operation (https:/ / www. youtube. com/ watch?v=sOxntuXpfdM) on YouTube (Japanese) FN FAL "Paratrooper" Model Presentation (.MPEG) (http:/ / www. nazarian. no/ wep. asp?id=399&

group_id=5& country_id=72& lang=0& p=8)

Article Sources and Contributors 18

Article Sources and ContributorsFN FAL Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=604427574 Contributors: 1337Intellect, 13dble, 2fort5r, 500HX, 5infBrig, A Man In Black, A Werewolf, A1ACo, Accurizer, AceOliveira, Adamrush, AdmkplsTh, Adnan bogi, Adric Hunter, Alai, Aldis90, AlexanderWinston, Alexf, Alexselkirk1704, American Eagle, Anakin101, Andrwsc, Andy Dingley, Aptom, Armbrust,Asams10, Ashley Pomeroy, Ashman1992, Austrianbird, Axeman, B, Banshee, Beepoppab, Belisarius Zealandia, Berean Hunter, Bilbo571, Blackshod, Blerg1, Bobbfwed, Bobblewik,BonesBrigade, Borgx, Boris Barowski, Brookesward, Bsap, Burtonpe, C4FFI3N3GUYFTW, C777, Canterbury Tail, Canuck-qw, Canuckian89, Carnildo, Carre, Chowbok, Chris the speller,Chrthiel, Chwyatt, Cliftonian, Clyde frogg, Cmdrjameson, Colonies Chris, Coltsfan, Commander Zulu, CommonsDelinker, Corporal Punishment, Cplakidas, Critic-at-Arms, CumbiaDude, D.E.Watters, DPdH, DagosNavy, DanMP5, Dave1185, Dave420, Davidovic, Deathbunny, Degen Earthfast, Degourdon, Delija Do Groba, Dellant, Deon Steyn, Dewritech, DexDor, Diceman,Dimadick, DocWatson42, Dragunova, Dreadstar, Drmies, DroneZone, Dutchie1973, E31174, Eaw458, Edmond Driex, Eik Corell, Ekki01, El C, Elmasmelih, Emersoni, Epicgenius, Ergceo,Ericg, Esquerroa, Euchiasmus, Evil Monkey, Excirial, Expatkiwi, Fahooglewitz1077, Fealfe, FergusM1970, Finearms, Firsfron, FlieGerFaUstMe262, Fox816, Francis Flinch, Frexe, Frietjes,Fudoreaper, Fugi187, F, GL, GPS73, Gaius Cornelius, Gary.jeter, General Disarray, General Electric Engines, Geoff B, Georgewilliamherbert, Ggiilliiee, Gira2be, Goga312, Golden hound,GraemeLeggett, Grantjanssen, Greatrobo76, Greenbeetleborgftw, GregorB, Gregparret, Ground Zero, GunLove5, Gunnai, Gustavo Rubn, HMSSolent, Hayden120, Hayvac, Heavenlyblue,Hellsl, Hmains, Hohum, Hunt3r.j2, Hyperonics, Indy muaddib, Insane Burner, Iridescent, Irish Duck, JLD, JSJaNciS, Jafar kurfstead, JakkoWesterbeke, James.Ferrara, JamesBWatson,Jamesallain85, Janisterzaj, Jayafrancis, Jcw69, Jetwave Dave, JidGom, Jimsoden, Jiujitsuguy, JoSePh, Joewings, JohnOwens, JonathanDP81, Jor70, Jorlando, JoshCool776, Joshbaumgartner,Jptreen, Jrpilgrim, JudithSouth, Jusangelus, Justin Scheepers rocks, Jwkozak91, K1ng l0v3, Kaelri, Katangais, Ke4djt, Keith-264, Kernel Saunters, Khazar2, KickerTom, Koalorka, Kobalt64,Korporaal1, Kross, Ksryengr, Kunal Biswas 5487, Kurokishi, L1A1 FAL, LHOON, LWF, Lastdingo, Lefty, Leithp, Leyo, Liftarn, LilHelpa, Loyalist Cannons, Lozleader, LtNOWIS, Luvere,MFIreland, Mackensen, Magioladitis, ManOnPipes, Mare, Marlow10, Martarius, Materialscientist, MathKnight, Mattbr, Maxx786, Merenta, Metael, Mhowkins, MiG, Michaelkvance,Michlintireman, Mike McGregor (Can), Mike Searson, Miklim, Mikoyan21, MilitaryHistoryAficionado, MoezPS3, Moriori, Mryan89, Mzajac, N-37, Nabaker, Naddy, Naomechateies,Necrothesp, Neddyseagoon, NetherSarum, Nicholas Urquhart, Nick-D, Nick-in-South-Africa, Night Gyr, Nohomers48, Nono64, NuclearWarfare, Nukes4Tots, Octane, Ominae, One SalientOversight, Oneiros, Ose\fio, Outland19, Paddyman2k9, Pat Holscher, PaulHanson, Petri Krohn, Pettifogger, Phillychavez, Plasticspork, PoStatt, Police,Mad,Jack, Profesh, Professor Ninja,Punisher-HellHound, QBZ-95, RASAM, ROG5728, Ragnord, Randy Nott, Rcbutcher, Rcsprinter123, RedHillian, Remnar, RenamedUser01302013, Riddley, Rochte, Romeotango, Rst,Rune.welsh, SQL, Sandstig, SapphireGunsmithing, Sc147, Scartboy, Scottgs, Sf46, Shadowjams, ShapeTub76, ShelfSkewed, Shkvoz, Shotgunlee, Shovon76, SigPig, Sintaku, Skartsis, Skrunyak,Slant6guy, Sliggy, Smalljim, Socrates2008, Some guy, Some jerk on the Internet, Squalla, Starlight1966, StaticGull, Stemonitis, Stephen.andrew.lynch, Strangways, SuperHamster, Surgo,Surv1v4l1st, Sus scrofa, Symbolic, TDogg310, TMHPin, TOMNORTHWALES, Tabletop, Tad Lincoln, Tanvir Ahmmed, Tarnish, Tatrgel, Tazmaniacs, TehVice, Tekogi, Thatguy96, The wub,Thernlund, Thomas.W, Throwaway85, Thumperward, Timbatron, Tnxman307, Tomtom9041, Tourbillon, Tragino, Trasel, Trekphiler, Trench raider, Tronno, Twalls, Twinxor, Ugen64, Ukexpat,Ve3, Vedran Korotaj, VivaBelice, Vkt183, Vrenator, WadeSimMiser, Wallpep, Walterego, Wapcaplet, WapenExpertCoD, Wellsmode, Werieth, Whirling, WhiskyWhiskers, Wikiliki, Wikipelli,WikiuserNI, WilliamH, Windustsearch, Winged Brick, Wkitech, Wknight94, Woodshed, Woohookitty, Woood, WotWeiller, Wotchit, Xezbeth, XxMWIIxX, Yamum49, Yoctoyottas, Zalgo,Zemgoc, Zleroy, , 738 anonymous edits

Image Sources, Licenses and ContributorsFile:FN-FAL belgian.jpeg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:FN-FAL_belgian.jpeg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: User:EsquerroaFile:STG-58.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:STG-58.jpg License: Creative Commons Zero Contributors: User:Clyde froggFile:Flag of Austria.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Austria.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:SKoppFile:5064-04.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:5064-04.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:adivFile:Brazilian FN FALs.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Brazilian_FN_FALs.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: U.S. Air Force Master Sgt. Adam M. StumpFile:SLRL1A1.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:SLRL1A1.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Jan HrdonkaFile:West German FN FAL.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:West_German_FN_FAL.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Unknown. Original uploader wasKoalorka at en.wikipediaFile:Legermuseum-Delft - FN-FAL with infrared light and scope.png Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Legermuseum-Delft_-_FN-FAL_with_infrared_light_and_scope.png License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: DuneeFile:Israeli Heavy Barrel FAL, note the hinged buttplate.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Israeli_Heavy_Barrel_FAL,_note_the_hinged_buttplate.jpg License:Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: SapphireGunsmithingFile:FN Herstal T48.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:FN_Herstal_T48.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Springfield Armory National Historic SiteFile:Century Arms FN FAL.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Century_Arms_FN_FAL.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors:SnarkFile:Nigerian troops in Somalia.JPEG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Nigerian_troops_in_Somalia.JPEG License: Public Domain Contributors: A1C JEFFERYALLENFile:FN FAL DN-SC-92-04655 cropped.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:FN_FAL_DN-SC-92-04655_cropped.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: CAPT.PETERSONFile:Flag of Angola.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Angola.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:SKoppFile:Flag of Argentina.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Argentina.svg License: unknown Contributors: Government of Argentina (Vector graphics byDbenbenn)File:Flag of Australia.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Australia.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Anomie, MifterFile:Flag of Bahrain 1972.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Bahrain_1972.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: HoshieFile:Flag of Bangladesh.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:SKoppFile:Flag of Barbados.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Barbados.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:Denelson83File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Bean49, Cathy Richards, DavidDescamps, Dbenbenn, Denelson83, Evanc0912, Fry1989, Gabriel trzy, Howcome, IvanOS, Mimich, Ms2ger, Nightstallion, Oreo Priest, Pitke, Ricordisamoa, Rocket000, Rodejong, SiBr4, SirIain, ThomasPusch, Warddr, Zscout370, 7 anonymous editsFile:Flag of Belize.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Belize.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Caleb MooreFile:Flag of Bolivia.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Bolivia.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:SKoppFile:Flag of Botswana.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Botswana.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:SKopp, User:Gabbe, User:MaddenFile:Flag of Brazil.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Brazil.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: AnomieFile:Flag of Burundi.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Burundi.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:Pumbaa80

File:Flag of Cambodia.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Cambodia.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Draw new flag by User:_File:Flag of Cameroon.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Cameroon.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: (of code) cs:User:-xfi-File:Flag of Croatia.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Croatia.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Nightstallion, Elephantus, Neoneo13, Denelson83,Rainman, R-41, Minestrone, Lupo, Zscout370, MaGa (based on Decision of the Parliament)File:Flag of Canada.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Canada.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: AnomieFile:Flag of Chad.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Chad.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: SKopp & others (see upload log)File:Flag of Chile.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Chile.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Alkari, B1mbo, Cathy Richards, Cycn, David Newton,Dbenbenn, Denelson83, ElmA, Er Komandante, Fibonacci, Fry1989, Fsopolonezcaro, Herbythyme, Huhsunqu, Kallerna, Kanonkas, Klemen Kocjancic, Kyro, MAXXX-309, Mattes, McZusatz,Mozzan, Nagy, Nightstallion, Piastu, Pixeltoo, Pumbaa80, SKopp, Sarang, SiBr4, Srtxg, Sterling.M.Archer, Str4nd, Ultratomio, Vzb83, Xarucoponce, Yakoo, Yonatanh, Zscout370, 51anonymous edits

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File:Flag of Colombia.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Colombia.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: SKoppFile:Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: AnimeAddict AA, Antemister, Courcelles, Denelson83, Erlenmeyer, Estrilda, FischersFritz, Fry1989, Homo lupus, Klemen Kocjancic, LA2, Madden, Mattes, Moyogo, Neq00, Nightstallion, Persiana,Pitke, Ratatosk, Romaine, SiBr4, ThomasPusch, Thuresson, 6 anonymous editsFile:Flag of Costa Rica.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Drawn by User:SKopp, rewritten byUser:GabbeFile:Flag of Cuba.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Cuba.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: see belowFile:Flag of Cyprus.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Cyprus.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:Vzb83File:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg License: unknownContributors: User:NightstallionFile:Flag of Djibouti.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Djibouti.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: ElmA, EugeneZelenko, Fry1989, George Animal,Homo lupus, Klemen Kocjancic, Martin H., Mattes, Neq00, Nightstallion, Nishkid64, Pymouss, Ratatosk, Str4nd, TFCforever, ThomasPusch, Thyes, Tomasdd, Zscout370, , , 8 anonymous editsFile:Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg License: Public Domain Contributors:User:NightstallionFile:Flag of Ecuador.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Ecuador.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: President of the Republic of Ecuador, Zscout370File:Flag of Fiji.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Fiji.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Anime Addict AA, Avala, ButterStick, Denelson83, Fred theOyster, Fry1989, Greentubing, Herbythyme, Homo lupus, Klemen Kocjancic, Krun, Lokal Profil, Ludger1961, Marcus Cyron, Mattes, Multichill, Neq00, Nightstallion, ReconditeRodent,Ricordisamoa, Sam916, Suzuki Auto, Urhixidur, Vzb83, 8 anonymous editsFile:Flag of The Gambia.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:Vzb83File:Flag of Ghana.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Ghana.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: AFBorchert, Benchill, Cycn, Fry1989, Henswick,Homo lupus, Indolences, Jarekt, Klemen Kocjancic, Magasjukur2, Neq00, OAlexander, Roberto Fiadone, SKopp, SiBr4, ThomasPusch, Threecharlie, Torstein, Vyacheslav Nasretdinov,Zscout370, 9 anonymous editsFile:Flag of Greece.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Greece.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: (of code) cs:User:-xfi- (talk)File:Flag of Guyana.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Guyana.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:SKoppFile:Flag of Honduras.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Honduras.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: D1990, Denelson83, ECanalla, Feydey, Fred J,Homo lupus, Klemen Kocjancic, Mattes, Matthew hk, Neq00, Oak27, Pumbaa80, Rocket000, RubiksMaster110, SKopp, ThomasPusch, Tocino, Vzb83, Yuval Madar, ZooFari, Zscout370, 10anonymous editsFile:Flag of India.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_India.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Anomie, MifterFile:Flag of Ireland.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Ireland.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:SKoppFile:Flag of Israel.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Israel.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: The Provisional Council of State Proclamation of theFlag of the State of Israel of 25 Tishrei 5709 (28 October 1948) provides the official specification for the design of the Israeli flag. 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Patrick Fischer, J.delanoy, Jarekt, Jaw101ie, Jesse Viviano, LX,Labeeb.Abughres, Maher27777, Mattes, Mess, Novembertime, Otourly, Patricia.fidi, Rosenzweig, Sarang, SiBr4, Spesh531, Sreejithk2000, Vectrex, 3 anonymous editsFile:Flag of Luxembourg.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:SKoppFile:Flag of Malawi.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Malawi.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Achim1999, AnonMoos, Antonsusi, Awadewit,Cathy Richards, Erlenmeyer, Fred J, Fry1989, Gddea, Homo lupus, IvanLanin, Klemen Kocjancic, Mattes, Phlegmatic, Rodejong, SKopp, Sarang, Sebjarod, Sweeper tamonten, Theo10011,ThomasPusch, Zscout370, 4 anonymous editsFile:Flag of Malaysia.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Malaysia.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: , andFile:Flag of Malta.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Malta.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Alkari, Cathy Richards, Cycn, Fry1989, Gabbe,Hedwig in Washington, Homo lupus, Klemen Kocjancic, Liftarn, Mattes, Meno25, Nightstallion, Peeperman, Prev, Pumbaa80, Ratatosk, Rodejong, SiBr4, Zscout370, 6 anonymous editsFile:Flag of Mauritius.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Mauritius.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:Zscout370File:Flag of Mexico.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Mexico.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Alex Covarrubias, 9 April 2006 Based on the armsby Juan Gabino.File:Flag of Morocco.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Morocco.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Denelson83, Zscout370File:Flag of Mozambique.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Mozambique.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:NightstallionFile:Flag of Myanmar.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Myanmar.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: *drew, AnonMoos, Cathy Richards,CommonsDelinker, Cycn, Duduziq, Fry1989, Gunkarta, Homo lupus, Idh0854, Josegeographic, Klemen Kocjancic, Legnaw, Mason Decker, Mattes, Neq00, Nightstallion, Pixeltoo, Rfc1394,Rodejong, SeNeKa, SiBr4, Stevanb, Takahara Osaka, Techman224, ThomasPusch, UnreifeKirsche, Vividuppers, WikipediaMaster, Winzipas, Xiengyod, Zscout370, , 10anonymous editsFile:Flag of Nepal.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Nepal.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Drawn by User:Pumbaa80, User:Achim1999File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Zscout370File:Flag of New Zealand.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Achim1999, Adabow, Adambro, ArriaBelli, Avenue, Bawolff, Bjankuloski06en, ButterStick, Cycn, Denelson83, Donk, Duduziq, EugeneZelenko, Fred J, Fry1989, George Ho, Hugh Jass, Ibagli, Jusjih, Klemen Kocjancic,MAXXX-309, Mamndassan, Mattes, Nightstallion, O, Ozgurnarin, Peeperman, Poco a poco, Poromiami, Reisio, Rfc1394, Sarang, Shizhao, SiBr4, Tabasco, TintoMeches, Transparent Blue,Vsk, Xufanc, Zscout370, 42 anonymous editsFile:Flag of Nigeria.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Nigeria.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:JhsFile:Flag of Oman.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Oman.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: *drew, Alkari, Bast64, Cycn, Duduziq, Fry1989,Happenstance, Homo lupus, Ittihadawi, Jetijones, Klemen Kocjancic, Liftarn, Mattes, Neq00, Nightstallion, NikNaks, OAlexander, Orange Tuesday, Pumbaa80, Rfc1394, Ricordisamoa,ThomasPusch, Zscout370File:Flag of Pakistan.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Pakistan.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:Zscout370File:Flag of Panama.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Panama.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: -xfi-, Addicted04, Alkari, Bast64, Cathy Richards,Cycn, Duduziq, Fadi the philologer, Fry1989, Huhsunqu, Hystrix, Klemen Kocjancic, Liftarn, Mattes, Nightstallion, Ninane, Pumbaa80, Reisio, Rfc1394, SiBr4, TFCforever, Thomas81,ThomasPusch, Zscout370, , , 21 anonymous editsFile:Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:NightstallionFile:Flag of Paraguay.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Paraguay.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Republica del Paraguay

Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors 20

File:Flag of Peru.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Peru.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:DbenbennFile:Flag of Portugal.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Portugal.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Columbano Bordalo Pinheiro (1910; genericdesign); Vtor Lus Rodrigues; Antnio Martins-Tuvlkin (2004; this specific vector set: see sources)File:Flag of Qatar.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Qatar.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: (of code) cs:User:-xfi-File:Flag of Rhodesia.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Rhodesia.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Sagredo, supersedes image by en:User:ActaruxFile:Flag of Rwanda.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Rwanda.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: .File:Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.svg Source: 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http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_South_Africa_1928-1994.svg License: unknown Contributors: Parliament of SouthAfrica (Vector graphics image by Denelson83)File:Flag of South Sudan.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:Achim1999File:Flag of Sri Lanka.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Zscout370File:Flag of Suriname.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Suriname.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: ALE!, Alkari, Anime Addict AA, Antemister,Bouwe Brouwer, Fry1989, Homo lupus, Iketsi, Klemen Kocjancic, Kookaburra, Krun, Mattes, Mikewazhere, Mmxx, Nightstallion, Pfctdayelise, Pitke, Reisio, SiBr4, ThomasPusch, Vzb83,Zscout370, 18 anonymous editsFile:Flag of Swaziland.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Swaziland.svg License: Public Domain 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Avala, Dbenbenn, Duduziq, F l a n k e r, Fry1989, Fukaumi, Gryffindor, Guanaco, Homo lupus, Kacir, Klemen Kocjancic, Krun, Ludger1961, Madden, Neq00, Nightstallion,Piccadilly Circus, Pmsyyz, RamzyAbueita, Ricordisamoa, Zscout370, 5 anonymous editsFile:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Anomie, GoodOlfactory, MSGJ, MifterFile:Flag of Uruguay.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Uruguay.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:Reisio (original author)File:Flag of Venezuela.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Venezuela.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Alkari, Bastique, Cesar david rodriguez, Cycn,Denelson83, DerFussi, Fry1989, George McFinnigan, Hedwig in Washington, Herbythyme, Homo lupus, Huhsunqu, Infrogmation, K21edgo, Klemen Kocjancic, Ludger1961, Neq00,Nightstallion, Reisio, Rupert Pupkin, 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F. Fjodor, Flad, Fry1989, Homo lupus, Klemen Kocjancic, Krun, Neq00, Nightstallion, Pitke, Reisio, Rodejong, SiBr4, Themadchopper, ThomasPusch, Urmas,Wikiborg, Zscout370, 4 anonymous editsFile:Flag of Zambia.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Zambia.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Author: Tobias Jakobs (in the public domain) andUser:Zscout370 (Return fire)File:Flag of Zimbabwe.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:Madden

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