FMO_WS-10_KAP0

Script Fundamentals of Modern Optics, FSU Jena, Prof. S. Skupin, FoMO_Script_2010 3

0. Introduction

'optique' (Greek) lore of light 'what is light'?

wave or particle (Photon) ?

D.J. Lovell, Optical Anecdotes

origin and requirement for life photosynthesis

90 % of all information we get are visual


a) Origin of light

atomic system properties of light (statistics, frequency, line width)

intensity, duration

1958 laser very important development

Fiber-communication, DVD, surgery, material processing, ...

artificial light source new and unmatched properties

coherent, directed, focused, monochromatic

Fiber laser: Limpert, Tünnermann, IAP Jena, ~10kW CW (world record)


b) Propagation of light (vacuum + matter)

light-matter interaction

dispersion diffraction absorption scattering

frequency spectrum central frequency

spatial frequency spectrum wavelength

matter is the medium the properties of the medium (natural or artificial)

determine the propagation of light

study the matter (spectroscopy)

measurement methods (interferometer)

design media with desired properties: photonic crystals, meta-materials


c) light can change the matter

physical, chemical and biological processes

lithography, material processing

modification of biological objects (bio-photonics)

IAP Jena


d) Optics in our daily life


e) Telecommunications

transmitting data (Terabit/s in one fiber) over transatlantic distances

1000 m fiber/s


f) medicine, life sciences


g) sensors, light sources

new light sources to reduce energy consumption

new projection techniques

Deutscher Zukunftspreis 2008 - IOF Jena + OSRAM


h) Micro- and Nano-optics

ultra small camera

IOF Jena


i) Relativistic optics


k) Literature:

Fundamentals:

1. Saleh, Teich, 'Fundamenals of Photonics', Wiley, 1992

2. Mansuripur, 'Classical Optics and its Applications', Cambridge, 2002

3. Hecht, 'Optik', Oldenbourg, 2001

4. Menzel, 'Photonics', Springer, 2000

5. Lipson, Lipson, Tannhäuser, 'Optik'; Springer, 1997

6. Born, Wolf, 'Principles of Optics', Pergamon

7. Sommerfeld, 'Optik'

Advanced:

1. W. Silvast, 'Laser Fundamentals',

2. Agrawal, 'Fiber-Optic Communication Systems', Wiley

3. Band, 'Light and Matter', Wiley, 2006

3. Karthe, Müller, 'Integrierte Optik', Teubner

4. Diels, Rudolph, 'Ultrashort Laser Pulse Phenomena', Academic

5. Yariv, 'Optical Electronics in odern Communications', Oxford

6. Snyder, Love, 'Optical Waveguide Theory', Chapman&Hall


l) What is light?

electromagnetic wave, c= 3*108 m/s

amplitude and phase complex description

polarization, coherence

Spectrum of Electromagnetic Radiation

Region Wavelength

(nanometers)

Wavelength

(centimeters)

Frequency

(Hz)

Energy

(eV)

Radio > 1088 > 10 < 3 x 109 < 10-5

Microwave 108 - 105 10 - 0.01 3 x 109 - 3 x 1012 10-5 -

0.01

Infrared 105 - 700 0.01 - 7 x 10-5 3 x 1012 - 4.3 x

1014 0.01 - 2

Visible 700 - 400 7 x 10-5 - 4 x

10-5

4.3 x 1014 - 7.5 x

1014 2 - 3

Ultraviolet 400 - 1 4 x 10-5 - 10-7 7.5 x 1014 - 3 x

1017 3 - 103

X-Rays 1 - 0.01 10-7 - 10-9 3 x 1017 - 3 x 1019 103 - 105

Gamma

Rays < 0.01 < 10-9 > 3 x 1019 > 105


m) Schematic of optics

geometrical optics

<< size of objects daily experiences

optical instruments, optical imaging

intensity, direction, coherence, phase, polarization, photons

wave optics

size of objects interference, diffraction, dispersion, coherence

laser, holography, resolution, pulse propagation


quantum optics

geometrical optics

wave optics

electromag. optics


electromagnetic optics

reflection, transmission, guided waves, resonators

laser, integrated optics, photonic crystals, Bragg mirrors ...


quantum optics

small number of photons, fluctuations, light-matter interaction


in this lecture

- geometrical optics

- electromagnetic optics and wave optics

- no quantum optics advanced lecture

FMO_WS-10_KAP0

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