FMDS0809

May 2008 of 126

STORAGE OF CLASS 1, 2, 3, 4 AND PLASTIC COMMODITIES

Table of ContentsPage

1.0 SCOPE ................................................................................................................................................... 61.1 Changes ............................................................................................................................................ 6

2.0 LOSS PREVENTION RECOMMENDATIONS ....................................................................................... 62.1 Construction and Location ............................................................................................................... 6

2.1.1 General .................................................................................................................................. 62.1.2 Steel Column Protection ....................................................................................................... 72.1.3 Heat and Smoke Venting and Draft Curtains ....................................................................... 7

2.2 Occupancy ....................................................................................................................................... 82.2.1 General .................................................................................................................................. 82.2.2 Flue Spaces .......................................................................................................................... 82.2.3 Pallets .................................................................................................................................... 82.2.4 Special Storage Considerations ............................................................................................ 9

2.3 Protection ....................................................................................................................................... 112.3.1 General ................................................................................................................................ 112.3.2 Sprinkler System Types ....................................................................................................... 112.3.3 Ceiling Sprinklers ................................................................................................................. 122.3.4 In-Rack Sprinklers (IRAS) ................................................................................................... 142.3.5 Hose Demands and Connections ....................................................................................... 212.3.6 Duration of Water Supplies ................................................................................................. 212.3.7 Ceiling Sprinkler System Design Criteria ............................................................................ 22

3.0 SUPPORT FOR RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................................ 1123.1 General ......................................................................................................................................... 1123.2 Loss History ................................................................................................................................. 1123.3 Illustrative Losses ........................................................................................................................ 112

3.3.1 Roll Cloth in Racks Obstruct Flue Spaces, Resulting in Extensive Fire and Water Damage . 1123.3.2 Many Loss Prevention Principles Compromised in Warehouse Fire Loss ........................ 1133.3.3 Inadequate Sprinkler Protection Unable to Control Fire Involving Aisle Storage and

Racks with Solid Shelves ................................................................................................... 1133.3.4 Fire in High Rack-Storage Controlled by In-Rack Sprinklers ............................................ 1133.3.5 Lack of In-Rack Sprinklers for Racks With Solid Shelves Results in Extensive Fire

Damage ............................................................................................................................... 1133.3.6 Open-Top Containers in Racks Interfere with Sprinkler Water Penetration,

Resulting in Uncontrolled Fire ............................................................................................. 1133.3.7 Poor Housekeeping Leads to Excessive Fire Spread ....................................................... 1133.3.8 Strong Water Supply Overcomes Plugged Sprinklers ....................................................... 114

4.0 REFERENCES .................................................................................................................................... 1144.1 FM Global ...................................................................................................................................... 114

APPENDIX A GLOSSARY OF TERMS ................................................................................................... 114APPENDIX B DOCUMENT REVISION HISTORY ................................................................................... 120

List of FiguresFig. 2.3.4.2(a) In-rack sprinkler arrangements for single-row racks, height of storage up to 25 ft (7.5 m) . 16Fig. 2.3.4.2(b) In-rack sprinkler arrangements for double-row racks up to 9 ft (2.7 m) wide, height of

storage up to 25 ft (7.5 m) .................................................................................................. 16Fig. 2.3.4.2(c) In-rack sprinkler arrangements for double-row racks over 9 ft (2.7 m) and up to

12 ft (3.6 m) wide, height of storage up to 25 ft (7.5 m) .................................................... 17

FM GlobalProperty Loss Prevention Data Sheets 8-9

©2008 Factory Mutual Insurance Company. All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced,stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in whole or in part, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission of Factory Mutual Insurance Company.

Fig. 2.3.4.2(d) In-rack sprinkler arrangements for multiple-row racks, height of storage up to 25 ft (7.5 m) . 17Fig. 2.3.7.2(a) Fire protection scheme 8-9A using single-row racks ........................................................... 23Fig. 2.3.7.2(b) Fire protection scheme 8-9A using double-row racks ......................................................... 24Fig. 2.3.7.2(c) Fire protection scheme 8-9A using multiple-row racks ........................................................ 24Fig. 2.3.7.3(a) In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2 and 3 commodities, single-row racks with

open shelves, height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m) ............................................................. 61Fig. 2.3.7.3(a)HB In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2 and 3 commodities, single-row racks with

open shelves and equipped with horizontal barriers, height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m) . 62Fig. 2.3.7.3(b) In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 commodities, cartoned plastics and

uncartoned unexpanded plastics, single-row racks with open shelves or solid shelves20-64 ft2 (2.0-6.0 m2), height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m) ................................................ 63

Fig. 2.3.7.3(b)HB In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 commodities, cartoned plastics anduncartoned unexpanded plastics, single-row racks with open shelves or solid shelves20-64 ft2 (2.0-6.0 m2) and equipped with horizontal barries, height of storage over25 ft (7.5 m) .................................................................................................................... 64

Fig. 2.3.7.3(c)S64 In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 commodities, all cartonedand uncartoned plastics, single-row racks with solid shelves greater than64 ft2 (6.0 m2), height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m) ..................................................... 65

Fig. 2.3.7.3(d) In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 commodities,single-row racks with open shelves, height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m) .......................... 66

Fig. 2.3.7.3(d)HB In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 commodities,single-row racks with open shelves and equipped with horizontal barries, height ofstorage over 25 ft (7.5 m) ............................................................................................... 67

Fig. 2.3.7.3(e) In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 commodities and all cartonedand uncartoned plastics, single-row racks with open shelves or solid shelves 20-64 ft2

(2.0-6.0 m2), height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m) ............................................................... 68Fig. 2.3.7.3(e)HB In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 commodities and all cartoned and

uncartoned plastics, single-row racks with open shelves or solid shelves 20-64 ft2

(2.0-6.0 m2), equipped with horizontal barriers, height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m) ... 69Fig. 2.3.7.3(f) In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2 and 3 commodities, double-row racks with

open shelves, height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m) .............................................................. 70Fig. 2.3.7.3(f)HB In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2 and 3 commodities, double row-racks

with open shelves and equipped with horizontal barriers, height of storage over 25 ft(7.5 m) .............................................................................................................................. 71

Fig. 2.3.7.3(g) In-rack sprinkler arrangement on a wet-system only, Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 commoditiesand cartoned plastics, double-row racks 9 ft (2.7 m) wide or less with open shelves,height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m) ..................................................................................... 72

Fig. 2.3.7.3(h) Quick-response in-rack sprinkler arrangement on a wet-system only, Class 1, 2, 3and 4 commodities and cartoned plastics, double-row racks 9 ft (2.7 m) wide or less withopen shelves,height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m) ..................................................................................... 73

Fig. 2.3.7.3(i) In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 commodities, cartoned plastics anduncartoned unexpanded plastics, double-row racks with open shelves or solid shelves20-64 ft2 (2.0-6.0 m2), height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m) ................................................. 74

Fig. 2.3.7.3(i)HB In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 commodities, cartoned plastics anduncartoned unexpanded plastics, double-row racks with open shelves or solid shelves20-64 ft2 (2.0-6.0 m2), equipped with horizontal barries, height of storage over25 ft (7.5 m) ...................................................................................................................... 75

Fig. 2.3.7.3(j)S64 In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 commodities and all cartonedand uncartoned plastics, double-row racks with solid shelves greater than 64 ft2

(6.0 m2) , height storage over 25 ft (7.5 m) ................................................................... 76Fig. 2.3.7.3(k) In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 commodities, double-row racks

with open shelves, height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m) ...................................................... 77Fig. 2.3.7.3(k)HB In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 commodities, double-row racks

with open shelves and equipped with horizontal barriers, height of storage over25 ft (7.5 m) ..................................................................................................................... 78

Fig. 2.3.7.3(l) In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 commodities and all cartoned anduncartoned plastics, double-row racks with open shelves or solid shelves 20-64 ft2

(2.0-6.0 m2), height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m) ................................................................ 79

8-9 Storage of Class 1, 2, 3, 4 and Plastic Commodities FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets

©2008 Factory Mutual Insurance Company. All rights reserved.

Fig. 2.3.7.3(l)HB In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 commodities and all cartoned anduncartoned plastics, double-row racks with open shelves or solid shelves 20-64 ft2

(2.0-6.0 m2), equipped with horizontal barries, height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m) ...... 80Fig. 2.3.7.3(m) In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2 and 3 commodities, multiple-row racks

with open shelves, height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m) ..................................................... 81Fig. 2.3.7.3(m)HB In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2 and 3 commodities, multiple-row racks

with open shelves and equipped with horizontal barriers, height of storage over25 ft (7.5 m) ................................................................................................................... 82

Fig. 2.3.7.3(n) In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 commodities, cartoned plasticsand uncartoned unexpanded plastics, multiple-row racks with open shelves or solidshelves20-64 ft2 (2.0-6.0 m2), height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m) ................................................ 83

Fig. 2.3.7.3(n)HB In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 commodities, cartoned plasticsand uncartoned unexpanded plastics, multiple-row racks with open shelves or solidshelves 20-64 ft2 (2.0-6.0 m2), equipped with horizontal barriers, height of storage over 25ft(7.5 m) ............................................................................................................................. 84

Fig. 2.3.7.3(o)S64 In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 commodities and all cartonedand uncartoned plastics, multiple-row racks with solid shelves greater than 64 ft2

(6.0 m2), height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m) ............................................................... 85Fig. 2.3.7.3(p) In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 commodities, multiple-row racks

with open shelves, height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m) ...................................................... 86Fig. 2.3.7.3(p)HB In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 commodities, multiple-row racks

with open shelves and equipped with horizontal barriers, height of storage over 25 ft(7.5 m) ............................................................................................................................. 87

Fig. 2.3.7.3(q) In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 commodities and all cartonedand uncartoned plastics, multiple-row racks with open shelves or solid shelves20-64 ft2 (2.0-6.0 m2), height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m) ................................................ 88

Fig. 2.3.7.3(q)HB In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 commodities and all cartonedand uncartoned plastics, multiple-row racks with open shelves or solid shelves20-64 ft2 (2.0-6.0 m2), equipped with horizontal barriers, height of storage over 25 ft(7.5 m) ............................................................................................................................. 89

Fig. 2.3.7.3(r)HB In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1,2,3 and 4 commodities, cartonedplastics and uncartoned unexpanded plastics, double-row racks with open shelves,equipped with horizontal barriers, height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m) (7.5 m) ............ 90

Fig. A-1. Typical double-row (back-to-back) rack arrangement ................................................................. 116Fig. A-2. Typical pallets .............................................................................................................................. 117Fig. A-5. Double-row racks with slatted shelves ........................................................................................ 118Fig. A-6. Automatic storage type rack ........................................................................................................ 118Fig. A-7. Multiple-row rack served by reach truck ..................................................................................... 119Fig. A-8. Flow-through pallet rack .............................................................................................................. 119Fig. A-3. Double-row rack .......................................................................................................................... 120Fig. A-4. Double-row racks with solid shelves ........................................................................................... 121Fig. A-9. Drive-in rack, two or more pallets deep. A fork truck drives into the rack to deposit and withdraw

loads in the depth of the rack. .................................................................................................... 121Fig. A-10. Flow-through and portable racks .............................................................................................. 122Fig. A-11. Cantilever rack .......................................................................................................................... 123

List of TablesTable 2.1.3.1 Acceptable Types of Heat and Smoke Vents .......................................................................... 7Table 2.2.4.1 Guidelines for Open-Top Combustible Containers ................................................................... 9Table 2.3.3.2 Ceiling Sprinkler Spacing ....................................................................................................... 13Table 2.3.3.3 Minimum Sprinkler Pressure Requirements, psi (bar) ............................................................ 13Table 2.3.4.2 In-Rack Sprinkler Spacing for Storage Racks without Horizontal Barriers ........................... 19Table 2.3.4.3 In-Rack Sprinkler Design Criteria ........................................................................................... 20Table 2.3.5.1 Hose Demand ........................................................................................................................ 21Table 2.3.6 Duration of Water Supplies ....................................................................................................... 22Table 2.3.7.2 Fire Protection Scheme 8-9A .................................................................................................. 23

Storage of Class 1, 2, 3, 4 and Plastic Commodities 8-9FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets


Table 2.3.7.3.1 Excessive Clearance Guidelines for CMDA Sprinklers at Ceiling Level ............................. 26Table 2.3.7.3(a) CMDA Sprinklers Installed on a Wet Sprinkler System for Rack Storage up to 25 ft

(7.5 m) of Class 1 and 2 Commodities .............................................................................. 28Table 2.3.7.3(b) CMDA Sprinklers Installed on a Dry Sprinkler System for Rack Storage up to 25 ft

(7.5 m) of Class 1 and 2 Commodities .............................................................................. 29Table 2.3.7.3(c) CMDA Sprinklers Installed on a Wet Sprinkler System for Rack Storage up to 25 ft

(7.5 m) of Class 3 Commodities ......................................................................................... 30Table 2.3.7.3(d) CMDA Sprinklers Installed on a Dry Sprinkler System for Rack Storage up to 25 ft

(7.5 m) of Class 3 Commodities ....................................................................................... 31Table 2.3.7.3(e) CMDA Sprinklers Installed on a Wet System for Rack Storage up to 25 ft (7.5 m) of

Class 4 Commodities .......................................................................................................... 32Table 2.3.7.3(f) CMDA Sprinklers Installed on a Dry System for Rack Storage up to 25 ft (7.5 m) of

Class 4 Commodities ........................................................................................................... 35Table 2.3.7.3(g) CMDA Sprinklers Installed on a Wet System for Rack Storage up to 25 ft (7.5 m) of

Cartoned Unexpanded Plastic and Cartoned Expanded Plastic Commodities ................. 37Table 2.3.7.3(h) CMDA Sprinklers Installed on a Dry System for Rack Storage up to 25 ft (7.5 m) of

Cartoned Unexpanded Plastic and Cartoned Expanded Plastic Commodities ................. 38Table 2.3.7.3(i) CMDA Sprinklers Installed on a Wet System for Rack Storage up to 25 ft (7.5 m) of

Uncartoned Unexpanded Plastic Commodities ................................................................... 39Table 2.3.7.3(j) CMDA Sprinklers Installed on a Dry System for Rack Storage up to 25 ft (7.5 m) of

Uncartoned Unexpanded Plastic Commodities ................................................................... 40Table 2.3.7.3(k) CMDA Sprinklers Installed on a Wet System for Rack Storage up to 25 ft (7.5 m) of

Uncartoned Expanded Plastic Commodities ...................................................................... 41Table 2.3.7.3(l) CMDA Sprinklers Installed on a Dry System for Rack Storage up to 25 ft (7.5 m) of

Uncartoned Expanded Plastic Commodities ....................................................................... 42Table 2.3.7.3(m) CMDA Sprinklers Installed on a Wet System for Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 Commodities in

Single-Row Racks over 25 ft (7.5 m) High ..................................................................... 43Table 2.3.7.3(n) CMDA Sprinklers Installed on a Dry System for Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 Commodities in

Single-Row Ra cks over 25 ft (7.5 m) High ..................................................................... 44Table 2.3.7.3(o) CMDA Sprinklers Installed on a Wet System for Plastic Commodities in

Single-Row Racks over 25 ft (7.5 m) High ...................................................................... 45Table 2.3.7.3(p) CMDA Sprinklers Installed on a Dry System for Plastic Commodities

in Single-Row Racks over 25 ft (7.5 m) High .................................................................. 46Table 2.3.7.3(q) CMDA Sprinklers Installed on a Wet System for Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 Commodities in

Double-Row Racks over 25 ft (7.5 m) High ..................................................................... 47Table 2.3.7.3(r) CMDA Sprinklers Installed on a Dry System for Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 Commodities in

Double-Row Racks over 25 ft (7.5 m) High ...................................................................... 48Table 2.3.7.3(s) CMDA Sprinklers Installed on a Wet System for Plastic Commodities in

Double-Row Racks over 25 ft (7.5 m) High ..................................................................... 49Table 2.3.7.3(t) CMDA Sprinklers Installed on a Dry System for Plastic Commodities in

Double-Row Racks over 25 ft (7.5 m) High ...................................................................... 51Table 2.3.7.3(u) CMDA Sprinklers Installed on a Wet System for Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 Commodities in

Multiple-Row Racks over 25 ft (7.5 m) High .................................................................... 53Table 2.3.7.3(v) CMDA Sprinklers Installed on a Dry System for Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 Commodities in

Multiple-Row Racks over 25 ft (7.5 m) High .................................................................... 54Table 2.3.7.3(w) CMDA Sprinklers Installed on a Wet System for Plastic Commodities in

Multiple-Row Racks over 25 ft (7.5 m) High ................................................................... 55Table 2.3.7.3(x) CMDA Sprinklers Installed on a Dry System for Plastic Commodities in

Multiple-Row Racks over 25 ft (7.5 m) High .................................................................... 56Table 2.3.7.3(y) CMDA Sprinklers Installed on a Wet System for Solid-Piled, Palletized, Shelf and

Bin-Box Storage .................................................................................................................. 57Table 2.3.7.3(z) CMDA Sprinklers Installed on a Dry System for Solid-Piled, Palletized, Shelf and

Bin-Box Storage .................................................................................................................. 59Table 2.3.7.4(a) CMSA Sprinklers Installed on a Wet System for Rack Storage of Class 1 and 2

Commodities ....................................................................................................................... 91Table 2.3.7.4(b) CMSA Sprinklers Installed on a Dry System for Rack Storage of Class 1 and 2

Commodities ....................................................................................................................... 92Table 2.3.7.4(c) CMSA Sprinklers Installed on a Wet System for Rack Storage of Class 3 Commodities . 93Table 2.3.7.4(d) CMSA Sprinklers Installed on a Dry System for Rack Storage of Class 3 Commodities . 94



Table 2.3.7.4(e) CMSA Sprinklers Installed on a Wet System for Rack Storage of Class 4 Commodities . 95Table 2.3.7.4(f) CMSA Sprinklers Installed on a Dry System for Rack Storage of Class 4 Commodities .. 96Table 2.3.7.4(g) CMSA Sprinklers Installed on a Wet System for Rack Storage of

Cartoned Unexpanded Plastic and Cartoned Expanded Plastic Commodities ................. 97Table 2.3.7.4(h) CMSA Sprinklers Installed on a Dry System for Rack Storage of Cartoned

Unexpanded Plastic and Cartoned Expanded Plastic Commodities ................................. 99Table 2.3.7.4(i) CMSA Sprinklers Installed on a Wet System for Rack Storage of Uncartoned

Unexpanded Plastic ........................................................................................................... 101Table 2.3.7.4(j) CMSA Sprinklers Installed on a Dry System for Rack Storage of Uncartoned

Unexpanded Plastic ........................................................................................................... 102Table 2.3.7.4(k) CMSA Sprinklers Installed on a Wet System for Rack Storage of Uncartoned

Expanded Plastic .............................................................................................................. 103Table 2.3.7.4(l) CMSA Sprinklers Installed on a Dry System for Rack Storage of Uncartoned Expanded

Plastic ................................................................................................................................. 104Table 2.3.7.4(m) CMSA Sprinklers Installed on a Wet System for Solid-Piled, Palletized, Shelf and

Bin-Box Storage .............................................................................................................. 105Table 2.3.7.4(n) CMSA Sprinklers Installed on a Dry System for Solid-Piled, Palletized, Shelf and

Bin-Box Storage ............................................................................................................... 106Table 2.3.7.5(a) Suppression Mode Sprinklers Installed on a Wet System for Rack Storage with Open

Shelves ............................................................................................................................. 108Table 2.3.7.5(b) Suppression Mode Sprinklers Installed on a Wet System for Solid Piled,

Palletized, Shelf and Bin-Box Storage ............................................................................. 110



1.0 SCOPE

This property loss prevention data sheet provides fire protection recommendations for the storage of Class1, 2, 3, 4, and plastic commodities maintained in rack, solid-piled, palletized, shelf or bin-box storagearrangements. See FM Global Data Sheet 8-1, Commodity Classification, for guidelines on how to classifyindividual commodities as well as how to determine an overall commodity rating for a storage area.

Special hazards, such as the storage of aerosols, flammable liquids in metal or plastic containers, roll paperand other similar commodity hazards, as well as specialized storage arrangements, are not addressed inthis data sheet but are instead covered by other occupancy-specific data sheets. Such hazards may presentchallenges to sprinkler protection that cannot be overcome by merely increasing sprinkler system designpressures, flows, sprinkler system operating areas, or by using a better type of ceiling sprinkler. Often,dedicated storage areas, special construction features to restrict fire spread, or other means are necessary.

Before deciding upon one of the protection options offered in this data sheet for either a new building or abuilding being retrofitted with new protection, consider possible future changes in storage arrangements,available water supplies, and/or commodity hazards. Also consider the susceptibility of the occupancy tonon-thermal damage. If ceiling-only protection options are available, consider maximizing the chosenprotection by protecting to the highest commodity hazard that the building height and available water supplyavailable will allow in order to provide as much flexibility as possible for future changes in occupancy or watersupply.

The fire protection recommendations contained in this data sheet are based on testing, loss experience andengineering judgment. Not every situation has been tested, nor has every potential solution been identified.Make careful consideration of all variables involved if options different from those identified within this datasheet are explored.

This data sheet does not provide guidelines on the installation requirements for suppression mode, controlmode specific application (CMSA), or control mode density area (CMDA) sprinklers. Refer to the appropriateFM Global data sheets listed below for their installation guidelines as well as their compatibility with thefacility’s construction features:

• Suppression mode: Data Sheet 2-2, Installation Rules for Suppression Mode Automatic Sprinklers

• CMSA: Data Sheet 2-7, Installation Rules for Sprinkler Systems Using Control Mode Specific Application(CMSA) Sprinklers

• CMDA: Data Sheet 2-8N, Installation of Sprinkler Systems (NFPA)

It is not the intent of this data sheet to provide protection requirements for small, scattered amounts ofin-process storage; use the applicable FM Global data sheet for the general occupancy when this type ofstorage is present. Apply this data sheet when the storage area is 200 ft2 (20 m2) or greater, defined byminimum 8 ft (2.4 m) wide aisles, and the storage height is either 5 ft (1.5 m) or greater for materials containingplastic, or 10 ft (3.0 m) or greater for cellulosic type materials.

Note that the SI values provided in this data sheet are not based on strict mathematical conversion, but on“realistic” and “design-desired” values.

1.1 Changes

May 2008. Figure 2.3.4.2(b) was modified due to an editorial error.

2.0 LOSS PREVENTION RECOMMENDATIONS

2.1 Construction and Location

2.1.1 General

2.1.1.1 Construct storage facilities in accordance with the relevant FM Global property loss prevention datasheets.

2.1.1.2 Adhere to the recommendations in the relevant data sheets to ensure the construction features ofthe facility are compatible with the type of sprinkler being used.



2.1.1.3 Properly anchor all rack storage structures to prevent them from falling over and, in turn, causingnearby racks to fall over (i.e., creating a “domino” effect). Take into consideration the effects of rack loads,seismic conditions (see Section 2.2.1.3 of Data Sheet 1-2, Earthquakes), the additional load created by thecollection or absorption of fire protection water by the stored commodity, and the weight of water-filled in-racksprinkler piping (if provided).

2.1.1.4 Design rack-supported structures taking into consideration the effects of weather (wind, snow, rain,hail, etc.), rack loads, seismic conditions (see Data Sheet 1-2, Earthquakes), and the additional load createdby the collection or absorption of fire protection water by the stored commodity, the weight of water-filledsprinkler piping (from ceiling or in-rack sprinklers), and any other loads to which the rack or structure maybe exposed.

2.1.2 Steel Column Protection

Following the protection recommendations in this data sheet eliminates the need for overhead steel protection,as well as steel building columns.

2.1.3 Heat and Smoke Venting and Draft Curtains

2.1.3.1 Heat and Smoke Venting

FM Global recommendations for heat and smoke venting are provided in Data Sheet 1-10, Smoke and HeatVenting in Sprinklered Buildings. Protection options offered in this data sheet are based on the heatgenerated by a fire being trapped and maintained at ceiling level.

2.1.3.1.1 Fire tests have shown that automatic heat and smoke vents are not cost-effective and can increasesprinkler water demand. Therefore, if heat or smoke vents are used, arrange them for manual operation.

2.1.3.1.2 If local codes require heat or smoke vents be arranged for automatic operation, ensure the typesand operating temperatures are in accordance with Table 2.1.3.1.

Table 2.1.3.1 Acceptable Types of Heat and Smoke Vents

Sprinkler Type Acceptable Type of Vent Vent Operating TemperatureSuppression mode Fusible link operated Minimum 360°F (180°C) using standard-response links

Drop-out As FM Approved specifically for suppression mode sprinklersCMSA Fusible link operated Minimum 360°F (180°C) using standard-response links

Drop-out As FM ApprovedCMDA Fusible link operated Minimum one rating higher than ceiling sprinklers using standard-

response linksDrop-out As FM Approved

2.1.3.1.3 Local codes may require vent-operating temperatures be at least a specific number of degreeshigher than the ceiling sprinkler rating. In such cases, select a link rating that meets both FM Global’srecommended ratings and the local code. When the FM Global link ratings cannot be satisfied, install aquick-response sprinkler (or sprinklers, depending on the size of the vent) with the same K-factor as theadjacent sprinklers under the center of the vent.

2.1.3.2 Draft Curtains

2.1.3.2.1 Do not install draft curtains with automatic heat and smoke vents because they can interfere withthe proper distribution of sprinkler discharge, and can hinder suppression or control of a storage fire. If draftcurtains are required by local codes, center them between sprinklers or sprinkler branch lines. If they cannotbe centered, provide additional sprinklers on either side of the draft curtain no further from the curtain thanone-half the allowable maximum sprinkler spacing.

2.1.3.2.2 When suppression mode sprinklers are adjacent to areas protected by control mode sprinklers,draft curtains with clear space below may be needed in order to prevent suppression mode sprinklers fromoperating due to a fire in the adjacent area. See Section 2.3.3.5 for details.

2.1.3.2.3 Where draft curtains are recommended by this data sheet, adhere to the recommendations in DataSheet 1-19, Fire Walls, Subdivision and Draft Curtains, when installing them.



2.2 Occupancy

2.2.1 General

Storage arrangements vary among locations. Most arrangements can be classified as solid-piled, palletized,shelf, bin-box, or single-row, double-row, or multiple-row racks for the purpose of determining fire protectionrequirements.

Most of the fire protection recommendations in this data sheet are based on actual fire tests, while a feware based on engineering judgment. Other storage arrangements exist that may promote fire behaviordifferent from that expected to result from following the recommendations in this data sheet. Therefore,exercise care when evaluating protection criteria for any arrangements that differ significantly from thosedescribed here. In some cases, FM Global data sheets may exist that address the specific occupancy beingcontemplated. If so, refer to those data sheets for further guidance.

For storage that will be maintained directly on the floor, refer to Data Sheet 1-24, Protection Against LiquidDamage, for recommendations to minimize the exposure due to liquid damage from sprinkler waterdischarge or other potential liquid releases.

2.2.2 Flue Spaces

2.2.2.1 Rack Storage

Flue spaces are necessary for rack storage arrangements to allow heat from a fire to vent vertically. Thisallows the ceiling-level sprinklers (and in-rack sprinklers if provided) to operate as quickly as possible, andslows down the horizontal fire spread within the rack. Flue spaces are also necessary to allow sprinkler waterpenetration down through the racks. Without sufficient water penetration to burning commodities stored onthe lower tiers of the racks, fire control may not be achieved.

2.2.2.1.1 Ensure flue spaces are a minimum net width of from 3 in. (75 mm) to no more than 24 in. (600 mm)wide (6 in. [150 mm] is preferred). A flue space’s net width is a measure of its gross width minus any horizontalobstructions, such as rack uprights, located within the flue space. If the space between two rack structuresis more than 24 in. (600 mm), treat the space as an aisle for in-rack sprinkler design and installation purposes.

2.2.2.1.2 Unless in-rack sprinklers are provided at every tier level, ensure rack storage arrangements havetransverse flue spaces to allow automatic sprinkler protection to be effective.

2.2.2.1.3 If longitudinal flue spaces are present, provide a minimum 3 in. (75 mm) net clear width verticallythroughout the height of the rack.

2.2.2.1.4 Maintain vertical alignment of flue spaces as closely as possible.

2.2.2.1.5 Ensure rolled commodities stored in racks are arranged so they cannot bulge into or encroach overflue spaces. If flue spaces are blocked during a fire, sprinkler water will not be able to penetrate throughthe racks and fire may spread horizontally. If adequate flue spaces are difficult to maintain (e.g., loading ofracks becomes haphazard during peak production), provide wire mesh and/or other physical means toensure adequate flue spaces are always maintained. Or, treat the racks as having solid shelves and protectthem accordingly.

2.2.2.1.6 In storage racks (to any height) with solid shelves, provide a minimum net 3 in. (75 mm) wide fluespace around the shelf area; limit the shelf area to 64 ft2 (6.0), or provide in-rack sprinklers at every tierlevel.

2.2.2.2 Solid-Piled, Palletized, Shelf, and Bin-Box Storage

There are no minimum flue space guidelines for this type of storage. Width of flue spaces, pile stability, productspillage, and product form can influence the severity of fires in cartoned plastics and uncartoned unexpandedplastics, and, therefore, the protection requirements. Section 2.3.7.3.2 outlines favorable factors that caninfluence protection requirements.

2.2.3 Pallets

2.2.3.1 Use noncombustible or metal pallets whenever possible.

2.2.3.2 Ensure pallets will maintain their structural integrity during a fire.



2.2.3.3 Include the combustibility of pallets in the overall commodity classification. Refer to Data Sheet 8-1,Commodity Classification.

2.2.3.4 Protect the storage of idle pallets in accordance with the recommendations in Data Sheet 8-24, IdlePallet Storage.

2.2.4 Special Storage Considerations

2.2.4.1 Open-Top, Five-Sided, Combustible Containers

Open-top, five-sided, combustible containers can prevent water from running across the top of storage anddown the flues and can also collect sprinkler water. This will prevent water penetration to fire in lower levelswhere it is needed. Rack or pile collapse may also occur if too much water is collected.

2.2.4.1.1 Adhere to the recommendations in Table 2.2.4.1 to protect storage in open-top, five-sided,combustible containers.

Table 2.2.4.1 Guidelines for Open-Top Combustible Containers

Sprinkler TypeStorage

ArrangementCombustible

Container Type RecommendationsSuppression mode SRR, DRR, MRR Plastic container,

non-plastic containerDo not use suppression mode sprinklers withopen-top combustible containers in a rack storagearrangement, unless it is possible to keep waterfrom collecting in the containers.

Suppression mode Solid-piled,palletized, shelf,bin-box

Plastic container,non-plastic container

Base protection on the overall commodity ratingwithout consideration for the open-top containers.

CMSA SRR, DRR, MRR Plastic container,non-plastic container

If the racks are open-framed or have 20-64 ft2

(2.0 - 6.0 m2) solid shelving, base the protectionon racks with 20 to 64 ft2 (2.0 to 6.0 m2) solidshelving. Provide at least one level of in-racksprinklers for any storage over 8 ft (2.4 m) high. Ifthe racks have solid shelves greater than 64 ft2

(6.0 m2) base protection on the overall commodityrating without consideration for the open-topcontainers.

CMSA Solid-piled,palletized, shelf,bin-box

Plastic container,non-plastic container


CMDA SRR, DRR, MRR Plastic container,non-plastic container

If the racks are open-framed or have 20-64 ft2

(2.0 - 6.0 m2) solid shelving, base the protectionon racks with 20 to 64 ft2 (2.0 to 6.0 m2) solidshelving. Provide at least one level of in-racksprinklers for any storage over 8 ft (2.4 m) high. Ifthe racks have solid shelves greater than 64 ft2

(6.0 m2) base protection on the overall commodityrating without consideration for the open-topcontainers.

CMDA Solid-piled,palletized

Plastic container Base protection on a plastic commodity with nofavorable factors.

CMDA Solid-piled,palletized

Non-plastic container Base protection on the overall commodity ratingwithout consideration for the open-top containers.

CMDA Shelf, bin-box Plastic container,non-plastic container




2.2.4.2 Portable Racks

Portable racks are designed to be transported with fork-lift trucks. They are typically found to have wire meshsiding with solid bottoms, however, they can be arranged in various configurations of solid or non-solid sidesand bottoms. Follow the following guidelines for the protection of portable racks.

2.2.4.2.1 Protect portable racks that do not have at least three, full-height, fixed-in-place solid wooden ornoncombustible sides that will inhibit horizontal fire spread in accordance with the recommendations formultiple-row racks. Provide adequate flue spaces between the racks to allow sufficient penetration of sprinklerwater and to allow the racks to be treated as open-frame. If the footprint of the rack is larger than 20 ft2

(2.0 m2), ensure the bottom of the portable rack is at least 70% open, or treat it as having solid shelves.

2.2.4.2.2 Protect portable racks with open tops, solid bottom, and at least three, full-height, fixed-in-placewooden solid sides that will inhibit horizontal fire spread as a solid-piled storage arrangement with no favorablefactors.

2.2.4.2.3 Protect portable racks with solid tops and at least three, solid, full-height fixed-in-place woodensides that will inhibit horizontal fire spread as a solid-piled storage arrangment with favorable factors.

2.2.4.2 Protect poratable racks with solid tops or bottoms and at least three, full-height, fixed-in-placenoncombustible solid sides as a solid-piled storage arrangement with favorable factors.

2.2.4.3 Movable Racks

Movable racks are designed to use as much of the available storage space as possible. Usually, racks areon tracks and are butted against one another in the aisle-face direction. Loading and unloading takes placein the aisle that is open. Loaded racks are located on one or both sides of the aisles, and empty racks maybe located anywhere.

2.2.4.3.1 Protect rack storage in movable racks as multiple-row rack storage. Supply in-rack sprinklers (whenrequired) via flexible in-rack sprinkler system connections, or other arrangements that provide sufficient waterto the in-rack sprinklers.

2.2.4.4 Retail/Big-Box Warehouse Occupancies

Retail/Big-Box warehouse occupancies typically have full or partial pallet loads in the top tiers of the racks.These pallet loads are broken down as needed to replenish individual stock items in the lower tiers. Lowertiers have slatted or solid shelving, while upper tiers may have slatted, wire mesh, or open shelving. Rackarrangements with certain combinations of slatted, wire mesh, or open shelves that do not qualify as rackstorage with open shelves as described in Appendix A can nevertheless be protected as rack storage withopen shelves if they meet the conditions in recommendation 2.2.4.4.1.

2.2.4.4.1. Protect rack storage up to 20 ft (6.0 m) high as rack storage with open shelves when all of thefollowing conditions are met:

a) Slatted shelves are provided, they are fixed-in-place, they provide a minimum 3 in. (75 mm) widetransverse flue space, and

b) There are no solid shelf levels above the 12 ft (3.6 m) height in the rack (although there may be otheropen shelf or wire mesh shelf levels above), and

c) Transverse flue spaces at least 3 in. (75 mm) wide are provided at least every 10 ft (3.0 m) horizontally,and

d) The storage commodity does not consist of uncartoned plastics.

2.2.4.4.2. Provide longitudinal flue spaces if slatted shelf openings and transverse flue spaces do not runcompletely through the racks.

2.2.4.4.3. If the stored commodities include aerosols or flammable or combustible liquids, adhere to therecommendations in the relevant FM Global data sheet.



2.3 Protection

2.3.1 General

A key consideration when evaluating fire protection for a storage facility is whether the buildings are proposedor existing.

For proposed buildings, there may be a wide range of options available, most of which are related to whattype of ceiling sprinkler and/or combination of ceiling and in-rack sprinklers will be used. Whenever possible,give every consideration to maximizing the protection based on the water supply available. This typicallywill result in the selection of suppression mode sprinklers, assuming they are compatible with the building’sconstruction and height, the occupancy’s storage arrangement, and the commodity being protected. Takingthis approach will help maximize operational flexibility when considering potential future commodity changesand/or storage arrangements. Other incentives may exist depending on the conditions involved. Regardlessof the ceiling-level sprinkler chosen, it is imperative to coordinate a facility’s construction, occupancy, andprotection details in the planning stages so they are all compatible.

For existing buildings, the goal is to either (1) show by analysis that existing protection is adequate, or (2)do whatever is possible to correct the protection deficiency.

In addition to the recommendations in this data sheet, follow all sprinkler installation guidelines relevant tothe specific type of sprinkler used:

• Suppression mode: See Data Sheet 2-2, Installation Rules for Suppression Mode Automatic Sprinklers.

• Control mode specific application (CMSA): See Data Sheet 2-7, Installation Rules for Sprinkler SystemsUsing Control Mode Specific Application (CMSA) Sprinklers.

• Control mode density area (CMDA): See Data Sheet 2-8N, Installation of Sprinkler Systems (NFPA).

Also, for facilities located in earthquake-prone regions, refer to Data Sheet 2-8, Earthquake Protection forWater-Based Fire Protection Systems.

2.3.2 Sprinkler System Types

2.3.2.1 Wet and Dry Systems

Depending on the type of sprinkler used, systems can be wet-pipe, dry-pipe, preaction, or refrigerated area.Note, however, that grid-type piping configurations are only recommended for wet-pipe sprinkler systems.Use the following guidelines for sprinkler system types:

2.3.2.1.1 Use suppression mode sprinklers only in wet-pipe systems unless recommended otherwise forspecific applications in this data sheet.

2.3.2.1.2 Use CMSA sprinklers in wet-pipe, dry-pipe, preaction, and refrigerated area systems. See theprotection tables in Section 2.3.7.4 for possible restrictions for dry-pipe systems (and preaction systems thatuse dry-pipe system water demands).

2.3.2.1.3 Use CMDA sprinklers in wet-pipe, dry-pipe, preaction, and refrigerated area systems.

2.3.2.2 Preaction Systems

2.3.2.2.1 Design preaction systems in accordance with the recommendations in Data Sheet 2-8N, Installationof Sprinkler Systems (NFPA), and, where appropriate, Data Sheet 8-29, Refrigerated Storage.

2.3.2.2.2 Use only single-interlock preaction sprinkler systems with non-grid piping arrangements for theprotection options provided in this data sheet.

2.3.2.2.3 Base water demands for single-interlocked preaction sprinkler systems on either wet-pipe or dry-pipesystems, depending on the spacing of the heat detection devices located at the ceiling. See Data Sheet2-8N, Installation of Sprinkler Systems (NFPA), to determine system type based on detector spacing.



2.3.2.3 Refrigerated Area Sprinkler Systems

2.3.2.3.1 Design refrigerated area sprinkler systems in accordance with the recommendations in Data Sheet2-8N, Installation of Sprinkler Systems (NFPA), and Data Sheet 8-29, Refrigerated Storage. Sprinkler systemdesigns are the same as for dry-pipe systems.

2.3.2.3.2 See Section 2.3.3 of Data Sheet 8-29, Refrigerated Storage, for recommendations regarding theinstallation of heat detectors for refrigerated area systems.

2.3.3 Ceiling Sprinklers

2.3.3.1 Sprinkler Types

2.3.3.1.1 Suppression mode sprinklers have a 160°F (70°C) nominal temperature rating and nominalK-factors of either 14.0 (200), 16.8 (240), 22.4 (320) or 25.2 (360). At the present time, the K14.0 (K200)and K16.8 (K240) sprinklers are available in both pendent and upright configurations, whereas the K22.4(K320) and K25.2 (K360) sprinklers are available only in a pendent configuration. The temperature rating ofthe sprinklers may be higher than 160°F (70°C); see Data Sheet 2-2, Installation Rules for Suppression ModeAutomatic Sprinklers for details.

2.3.3.1.2 Control Mode Specific Application (CMSA) sprinklers have K-factors of either 11.2 (160) or 16.8(240).

2.3.3.1.2.1 Use 160°F (70°C) nominal temperature rated sprinklers for wet-pipe systems and 280°F (140°C)sprinklers for dry-pipe systems.

2.3.3.1.2.2 Use 212°F (100°C) nominal temperature rated sprinklers when the ambient temperature doesnot allow the use of 160°F (70°C) sprinklers. Treat the 212°F (100°C) sprinklers as 160°F (70°C) sprinklersfor design purposes.

2.3.3.1.2.3 Use only CMSA sprinklers specifically FM Approved for the protection of storage occupancies(ECLH and ECOH sprinklers are not FM Approved for the protection of storage occupancies).

2.3.3.1.2.4 The recommendations in this data sheet are based on the use of standard-response CMSAsprinklers. FM Approved quick-response CMSA sprinklers can also be used, but their use does not lessenthe requirements indicated in the protection tables.

2.3.3.1.3 Control Mode Density Area (CMDA) sprinklers are presently available in nominal temperatureratings of 160°F (70°C), 212°F (100°C), and 280°F (140°C), and with K-factor values of 11.2 (160), 14.0 (200),16.8 (240), and 25.2 EC (360 EC).

2.3.3.1.3.1 Use 160°F (70°C) nominal temperature rated sprinklers for wet-pipe systems and 280°F (140°C)sprinklers for dry-pipe systems.

2.3.3.1.3.2 Use 212°F (100°C) nominal temperature rated sprinklers when the ambient temperature doesnot allow the use of 160°F (70°C) sprinklers. Treat the 212°F (100°C) sprinklers as 160°F (70°C) sprinklersfor design purposes.

2.3.3.1.3.3 Refer to the Approval Guide for acceptable temperature ratings of each K-factor sprinkler.

2.3.3.1.3.4 The recommendations in this data sheet are based on the use of standard-response CMDAsprinklers. FM Approved quick-response CMDA sprinklers can also be used, but their use does not lessenthe requirements indicated in the protection tables.

2.3.3.1.4 Do not use ceiling-level K5.6 (K80) or K8.0 (K115) CMDA sprinklers in storage occupancies.

2.3.3.1.5 Do not use on-off, ECLH, or ECOH sprinklers in storage occupancies.

2.3.3.2 Spacing

Space ceiling sprinklers in accordance with Table 2.3.3.2.



Table 2.3.3.2 Ceiling Sprinkler Spacing

Sprinkler Type K-Factor

BuildingHeight,ft (m)

MinimumLinear

Spacing,ft (m)

MaximumLinear

Spacing,ft (m)

Minimum AreaSpacing,ft2 (m2)

MaximumArea Spacing,

ft2 (m2)Suppression

mode14.0 (200),16.8 (240),22.4 (320),25.2 (360)

≤ 30 (9.0) 8 (2.4) 12 (3.6) 64 (6.0) 100 (9.0)

Suppressionmode

14.0 (200),16.8 (240),22.4 (320),25.2 (360)

30 (9.0) <Building Height

≤ 45 (13.5)

8 (2.4) 10 (3.0) 64 (6.0) 100 (9.0)

CMSA 11.2 (160),16.8 (240)

≤ 50 (15.0) 8 (2.4) 12 (3.6) 80 (7.5) 100 (9.0)

CMDA 11.2 (160),14.0 (200),16.8 (240)

≥ 10 (3.0) 7 (2.1) 12 (3.6) 70 (6.5) 100 (9.0)

CMDA 25.2 EC(360 EC)

≥ 10 (3.0) 10 (3.0) 14 (4.2) 100 (9.0) 196 (18.0)

2.3.3.3 Minimum Required Operating Ceiling Sprinkler Pressures

Use Table 2.3.3.3 to determine the minimum operating pressure for any ceiling sprinkler.

Table 2.3.3.3 Minimum Sprinkler Pressure Requirements, psi (bar)

SprinklerType

Bldg Height,ft (m)

K-factor14.0 (200)

Upright14.0 (200)Pendent

16.8 (240)Upright

16.8 (240)Pendent

22.4 (320)Pendent

25.2 (360)Pendent

Suppressionmode

30 (9.0) 50 (3.5) 50 (3.5) 35 (2.4) 35 (2.4) 25 (1.7) 20 (1.4)35 (10.5) 75 (5.2) 75 (5.2) 52 (3.6) 52 (3.6) 35 (2.4) 30 (2.1)40 (12.0) DNA 75 (5.2) DNA 52 (3.6) 45 (3.1) 40 (2.7)45 (13.5) DNA 90 (6.2) DNA 63 (4.3) 50 (3.5) 50 (3.5)

CMSA K11.2 (160) – 25 psi (1.7 bar)K16.8 (240) – 10 psi (0.7 bar)

CMDA Any K-factor – 7 psi (0.5 bar)

2.3.3.4 Extension of Hydraulic Design

Extend the hydraulic design for storage occupancies at least 15 ft (4.5 m) beyond all edges of the storage,or to a wall, whenever there is mixed-use occupancy. Whenever two adjacent storage occupancies areprotected differently, extend the design for the higher hazard 15 ft (4.5 m) into the lower hazard area.

2.3.3.5 Mixing Different Sprinklers Within The Same Protected Area

2.3.3.5.1 Do not mix different types of sprinklers (suppression mode, CMSA, or CMDA) on the same sprinklersystem (ceiling or in-rack) within the same protected area unless recommended otherwise elsewhere withinthis data sheet.

2.3.3.5.2 Do not mix sprinklers having different K-factors on the same type of system (ceiling or in-rack) withinthe same protected area unless recommended otherwise elsewhere within this data sheet.

2.3.3.5.3 Do not mix sprinklers having different temperature ratings (160°F [70°C] or 280°F [140°C]) on thesame type of system (ceiling or in-rack) within the same protected area unless recommended otherwiseelsewhere within this data sheet.



2.3.3.5.4 Do not mix sprinklers having different response time index (RTI) values on the same type of system(ceiling or in-rack) within the same protected area unless a clear delineation between the area protectedby quick-response sprinklers and the area protected by standard-response sprinklers can be provided. Whensuch delineation can be provided, install a minimum 2 ft (0.6 m) deep draft curtain between the two areasin accordance with Data Sheet 1-19, Fire Walls, Subdivisions and Draft Curtains. Solid beams, girders, andother structural features that meet the definition of a draft curtain will provide acceptable separation. A draftcurtain is needed when the roofs over the two areas are at the same elevation or when the quick-responseceiling-level sprinklers are at a higher elevation than the standard-response ceiling-level sprinklers. Maintaina clear aisle at least 2 ft (0.6 m) wide on both sides of the draft curtain.

2.3.4 In-Rack Sprinklers (IRAS)

Protection options for rack storage arrangements are based on ceiling-only sprinkler systems, or acombination of ceiling-level and in-rack sprinkler systems.

Use the protection tables in Sections 2.3.7.3, 2.3.7.4, and 2.3.7.5 to determine whether in-rack sprinklersare recommended. For rack storage arrangements up to 25 ft (7.5 m) high protected by ceiling-level CMDAsprinklers, or rack storage arrangements of any permissible height protected by ceiling-level suppressionmode or CMSA sprinklers, the protection tables in this data sheet indicate in-rack sprinklers are recommendedwhen the ceiling-level design is accompanied by one of the following terms:

• IRAS(EO), which indicates one level of in-rack sprinklers spaced horizontally at every other transverseflue space

• IRAS(E), which indicates one level of in-rack sprinklers spaced horizontally at every transverse flue Space

• 2 IRAS(E), which indicates two levels of in-rack sprinklers spaced horizontally at every transverse fluespace

• IRAS(ETL), which indicates one level of in-rack sprinklers at every tier level (the horizontal spacing is forevery other transverse flue space; the in-rack sprinklers do not need to be staggered vertically)

When arranging protection in accordance with the above terms, ensure the maximum horizontal distancebetween transverse flue spaces is 8 ft (2.4 m), and the maximum horizontal distance between every othertransverse flue space is 12 ft (3.6 m). Also ensure the minimum distance between transverse flue spaces isgreater than 2 ft (0.6 m). See Section 2.3.4.2 for more information regarding the spacing, positioning andlocation of in-rack sprinklers.

This data sheet provides figures for most rack storage arrangements to assist in the proper location andspacing of in-rack sprinklers. Figures are provided for (1) single-row, double-row, and multiple-row rackstorage up to 25 ft (7.5 m) high protected by ceiling-level CMDA sprinklers, (2) single-row, double-row, andmultiple-row rack storage over 25 ft (7.5 m) high protected by ceiling-level CMDA sprinklers, and (3) rackstorage arrangements requiring Scheme 8-9A protection (see Section 2.3.7.2).

If in-rack sprinklers are recommended, Section 2.3.4.1 provides information on the in-rack sprinklers availablefor use and the types of systems they can be installed on. Section 2.3.4.2.1 provides general guidelineson the spacing, positioning, and location of the in-rack sprinklers. The protection tables and/or associatedfigures will indicate how many levels of in-rack sprinklers are required, and Section 2.3.4.2.2 will indicate howmany lines of in-rack sprinklers are needed at each required level depending on the depth of the rack. Section2.3.4.2.3 addresses the specific spacing requirements of the in-rack sprinklers, while Section 2.3.4.3provides the required design of the in-rack sprinkler system.

This data sheet provides two types of protection arrangements using in-rack sprinklers: those with horizontalbarriers and those without. The use of a horizontal barrier reduces the number of in-rack sprinklers requiredper level; however, it does not reduce the required number of in-rack levels required. Figures illustratingin-rack sprinkler location in the presence of horizontal barriers are found in the section that providesrecommendations for rack storage over 25 ft (7.5 m) high; however, the same in-rack sprinkler layout canbe implemented for any storage rack under 25 ft (7.5 m) equipped with horizontal barriers.

2.3.4.1 In-Rack Sprinkler Type

In-rack sprinkler systems can be wet-pipe, dry-pipe, preaction, or refrigerated area. Note, however, thatgrid-type piping configurations are only recommended for wet-pipe sprinkler systems.



For in-rack sprinkler protection, use nominally rated 160°F (70°C) FM Approved, quick-response, in-racksprinklers having a minimum K-factor of 5.6 (80). Use an in-rack sprinkler having a minimum K-factor of 8.0(120) if the required flow per in-rack sprinkler is 30 gpm (115 L/min) or greater.

Do not use on-off sprinklers as in-rack sprinklers.

2.3.4.2 Spacing, Positioning and Location of In-Rack Sprinklers

2.3.4.2.1 General

Locate all in-rack sprinklers within the rack storage array. Position the in-rack sprinklers so they are not directlybehind rack uprights, and are no more than 3 in. (75 mm) horizontally away from the transverse flue spaceintersection they are intended to protect.

Position the in-rack sprinkler’s deflector so it is at or just below the bottom of the rack’s horizontal supportmember at each tier level under full load condition where in-rack sprinklers are recommended. Ensure aminimum 6 in. (150 mm) clearance is provided between the deflector of the in-rack sprinkler and the topof storage.

Arrange sprinkler piping and the in-rack sprinklers to avoid mechanical damage, but ensure proper distributionfrom the in-rack sprinkler can be achieved. Prior to installing the in-rack sprinklers, check the proposed in-racksprinkler locations to ensure both adequate protection against mechanical damage and proper sprinklerdischarge.

2.3.4.2.2 Number of Lines per Level

This section applies to CMDA sprinklers protecting rack storage up to 25 ft (7.5 m) high, as well as anyrecommended storage height protected by ceiling-level suppression mode or CMSA sprinklers. When aprotection table indicates in-rack sprinkler protection is needed for rack storage, use the following guidelinesto determine how many lines of in-rack sprinklers are needed per recommended level of in-rack sprinklers.

2.3.4.2.2.1 For single-row and double-row rack storage arrangements 9 ft (2.7 m) wide or less, installone line of in-rack sprinklers down the center of the rack (longitudinal flue of the double row rack) for eachlevel of in-rack sprinklers recommended. Coordinate the spacing of the in-rack sprinklers both horizontallyand vertically per Table 2.3.4.2 and Figure 2.3.4.2(a) for single-row racks or Figure 2.3.4.2(b) for double-rowracks. These figures use pallet loads to represent nominal transverse flue spaces in the plan view andnominal tier heights in the elevation view. Each pallet load represents a nominal 5 ft (1.5 m) length, bothhorizontally and vertically. When solid shelves are present (not recommended for suppression modesprinklers), position the in-rack sprinklers so they are at the openings between defined shelf areas (typicallyat the rack uprights).

2.3.4.2.2.2 For double-row rack storage arrangements over 9 ft (2.7 m) and up to 12 ft (3.6 m) wide,install face sprinklers as well as longitudinal sprinklers for each level of in-rack sprinklers recommended.Coordinate the spacing of the in-rack sprinklers both horizontally and vertically per Table 2.3.4.2 and Figure2.3.4.2(c). This figure uses pallet loads to represent nominal transverse flue spaces in the plan view andnominal tier heights in the elevation view. Each pallet load represents a nominal 5 ft (1.5 m) length, bothhorizontally and vertically. When solid shelves are present (not recommended for suppression modesprinklers), position the in-rack sprinklers so they are at the openings between defined shelf areas (typicallyat the rack uprights).

2.3.4.2.2.3 Treat double-row racks wider than 12 ft (3.6 m) as multiple-row racks.

2.3.4.2.2.4 For multiple-row rack storage arrangements, coordinate the spacing of the in-rack sprinklersboth horizontally and vertically per Table 2.3.4.2 and Figure 2.3.4.2(d). This figure uses pallet loads torepresent nominal transverse flue spaces in the plan view and nominal tier heights in the elevation view. Eachpallet load represents a nominal 5 ft (1.5 m) length, both horizontally and vertically.



Fig. 2.3.4.2(a) In-rack sprinkler arrangements for single-row racks, height of storage up to 25 ft (7.5 m)

Fig. 2.3.4.2(b) In-rack sprinkler arrangements for double-row racks up to 9 ft (2.7 m) wide, height of storage up to 25 ft(7.5 m)



Fig. 2.3.4.2(c) In-rack sprinkler arrangements for double-row racks over 9 ft (2.7 m) and up to 12 ft (3.6 m) wide, heightof storage up to 25 ft (7.5 m)

Fig. 2.3.4.2(d) In-rack sprinkler arrangements for multiple-row racks, height of storage up to 25 ft (7.5 m)



2.3.4.2.3 In-Rack Spacing per Table 2.3.4.2

Table 2.3.4.2 provides recommendations on the proper horizontal and vertical spacing of in-rack sprinklerslocated in storage racks not equipped with horizontal barriers.

2.3.4.2.3.1 For protection options that use an IRAS(E) in-rack arrangement and the horizontal distancebetween transverse flue spaces exceeds 8 ft (2.4 m), install the in-rack sprinklers at the horizontal midpointsbetween every transverse flue space as well as at every transverse flue space.

2.3.4.2.3.2 For protection options that use an IRAS(EO) in-rack arrangement and the horizontal distancebetween transverse flue spaces exceeds 12 ft (3.6 m), install the in-rack sprinklers at every transverse fluespace.

2.3.4.2.3.3 To determine the recommended in-rack sprinkler arrangement for rack storage up to 25 ft (7.5 m)high that is equipped with horizontal barriers and protected by CMDA sprinklers, or any storage height thatis equipped with a horizontal barrier and protected by either CMSA or Suppression Mode sprinklers, usethe vertical spacing indicated in Table 2.3.4.2 in combination with the plan view of an IRAS(ETL) in-racksprinkler arrangement for the appropriate rack type (a maximum linear spacing of 12 ft [3.6 m] for all racksand a maximum area spacing of 100 ft2 [9.0 m2] for multiple-row racks).

2.3.4.2.3.4 To determine the required in-rack sprinkler arrangement for rack storage over 25 ft (7.5 m) highthat is equipped with horizontal barriers and protected by CMDA sprinklers, see the appropriate protectiontable in Section 2.3.7.3.



Table 2.3.4.2 In-Rack Sprinkler Spacing for Storage Racks without Horizontal Barriers

Sprinkler TypeStorage

Height, ft (m)Storage

Arrangement

In-RackSprinkler

Levels Needed

Max. LinearSpacing, ft (m),

Note 1

Max. AreaSpacing,ft2 (m2)

VerticalSpacing

Suppressionmode

≥ 1 (0.1) SRR, DRR IRAS(E) 8 (2.4) DNA 1⁄2 StorageHeight

Suppressionmode

≥ 1 (0.1) MRR IRAS(E) 8 (2.4) 25 (2.3) 1⁄2 StorageHeight

CMSA ≥ 1 (0.1) SRR, DRR IRAS(EO) 12 (3.6) DNA 1⁄2 to 2⁄3Storage Height

CMSA ≥ 1 (0.1) MRR IRAS(EO) 12 (3.6) 50 (4.5) 1⁄2 to 2⁄3Storage Height

CMSA ≥ 1 (0.1) SRR, DRR IRAS(E) 8 (2.4) DNA 1⁄2 to 2⁄3Storage Height

CMSA ≥ 1 (0.1) MRR IRAS(E) 8 (2.4) 25 (2.3) 1⁄2 to 2⁄3Storage Height

CMSA ≥ 1 (0.1) SRR, DRR IRAS(ETL) 12 (3.6) DNA Every TierLevel

CMSA ≥ 1 (0.1) MRR IRAS(ETL) 12 (3.6) 100 (9.0) Every TierLevel

CMDA ≤ 25 (7.5) SRR, DRR IRAS(EO) 12 (3.6) DNA 1⁄2 to 2⁄3Storage Height

CMDA ≤ 25 (7.5) MRR IRAS(EO) 12 (3.6) 50 (4.5) 1⁄2 to 2⁄3Storage Height

CMDA ≤ 25 (7.5) SRR, DRR IRAS(E) 8 (2.4) DNA 1⁄2 to 2⁄3Storage Height

CMDA ≤ 25 (7.5) MRR IRAS(E) 8 (2.4) 25 (2.3) 1⁄2 to 2⁄3Storage Height

CMDA ≤ 25 (7.5) SRR, DRR 2 IRAS(E) 8 (2.4) DNA Note 2CMDA ≤ 25 (7.5) MRR 2 IRAS(E) 8 (2.4) 25 (2.3) Note 2CMDA ≤ 25 (7.5) SRR, DRR IRAS(ETL) 12 (3.6) DNA Every Tier

LevelCMDA ≤ 25 (7.5) MRR IRAS(ETL) 12 (3.6) 100 (9.0) Every Tier

LevelCMDA > 25 (7.5) SRR, DRR,

MRRSee Figures inSection 2.3.7.3

See Figures inSection 2.3.7.3



Note 1: The maximum allowable horizontal spacing indicated requires the in-rack sprinklers to be located at the transverse flue spaceintersection. See Section 2.3.4.2.3 for specific details.

Note 2: Position the in-rack sprinklers vertically so that each level of in-rack sprinklers provided, as well as the ceiling level sprinklers, protectroughly the same height of storage.

2.3.4.2.4 In-Rack Spacing for Rack Storage Over 25 ft (7.5 m) Protected by Ceiling-Level CMDA Sprinklers

See the figures in Section 2.3.7.3 for the proper spacing, positioning, and location of in-rack sprinklers. Thesefigures use pallet loads to represent nominal longitudinal and transverse flue spaces in the plan view andnominal tier heights in the elevation view. Each pallet load represents a nominal 5 ft (1.5 m) length, bothhorizontally and vertically.

2.3.4.2.4.1 If a figure indicates in-rack sprinklers are needed at every transverse flue space and the fluespaces are greater than 8 ft (2.4 m) apart horizontally, install the in-rack sprinklers at the horizontal midpointsbetween every transverse flue space as well as at every transverse flue space. For transverse flue spacesequal to or less than 2 ft (0.6 m) apart horizontally, install the in-rack sprinklers at every other transverseflue space.

2.3.4.2.4.2 If a figure indicates in-rack sprinklers are needed at every other transverse flue space and thehorizontal distance exceeds 12 ft (3.6 m), install the in-rack sprinklers at every transverse flue space. Fortransverse flue spaces equal to or less than 2 ft (0.6 m) apart horizontally, install the in-rack sprinklers at everyfourth transverse flue space.



2.3.4.2.4.3 Select the levels at which to install the in-rack sprinklers according to the appropriate figure inSection 2.3.7.3. To find the maximum vertical distance between in-rack sprinkler levels (or the floor and thefirst level of in-rack sprinklers), multiply the number of pallet loads indicated in the figure by 5 ft (1.5 m), thenadd 1 ft (0.3 m).

2.3.4.3 In-Rack Sprinkler Hydraulic Design

2.3.4.3.1 Design in-rack sprinkler systems to supply the most hydraulically remote number of sprinklers perTable 2.3.4.3.

2.3.4.3.2 Balance the in-rack sprinkler system water demand with the ceiling sprinkler water demand at thepoint where the two systems are connected.

2.3.4.3.3 Unless indicated otherwise, use a minimum operating pressure of 7 psi (0.5 bar) for in-racksprinklers.

Table 2.3.4.3 In-Rack Sprinkler Design Criteria

Sprinkler Type Storage Height,ft (m)

Commodity In-Rack LevelsProvided

IRAS Design:No. of Sprinklers

IRAS Design:Min. Flow, gpm

(L/min)Suppression

mode≥ 1 (0.1) Class 1, Class 2,

Class 3, Class 4,Plastics

IRAS(E) 8 on 1 Level 60 (230) Note 3

CMSA ≤ 25 (7.5) Class 1, Class 2,Class 3

IRAS(EO),IRAS(E)

6 on 1 Level 22 (85)

CMSA ≤ 25 (7.5) Class 1, Class 2,Class 3

2 IRAS(E),IRAS(ETL)

5 on 2 Levels(10 Total)

22 (85)

CMSA ≤ 25 (7.5) Class 4, Plastics IRAS(EO),IRAS(E)

8 on 1 Level 30 (115)

CMSA ≤ 25 (7.5) Class 4, Plastics 2 IRAS(E),IRAS(ETL)


30 (115)

CMDA ≤ 25 (7.5) Class 1, Class 2,Class 3

IRAS(EO),IRAS(E)

6 on 1 Level 22 (85)

CMDA ≤ 25 (7.5) Class 1, Class 2,Class 3

2 IRAS(E),IRAS(ETL)


22 (85)

CMDA ≤ 25 (7.5) Class 4, Plastics IRAS(EO),IRAS(E)

8 on 1 Level 30 (115)

CMDA ≤ 25 (7.5) Class 4, Plastics 2 IRAS(E),IRAS(ETL)


30 (115)

CMDA > 25 (7.5) Class 1, Class 2,Class 3

1 Level 6 on 1 Level 30 (115)

CMDA > 25 (7.5) Class 1, Class 2,Class 3

More than 1 Level 5 on 2 Levels(10 Total)

30 (115)

CMDA > 25 (7.5) Class 4, Plastics 1 Level 8 on 1 Level 30 (115)CMDA > 25 (7.5) Class 4, Plastics More than 1 Level 7 on 2 Levels

(14 Total)30 (115)

Note 3: Use quick-response in-rack sprinklers having a minimum K-factor of 8.0 (120) and designed to provide a minimum flow of 60 gpm(230 L/min). Locate them vertically at the top of the tier closest to the midpoint of storage, and horizontally at the intersection ofevery longitudinal and transverse flue space.



2.3.5 Hose Demands and Connections

2.3.5.1 Hose Demand

Allow a total hose stream demand per Table 2.3.5.1. Allow at least 100 gpm (380 L/min) for inside hosestreams. Add hose stream allowances to the sprinkler demand at the point of connection.

Table 2.3.5.1 Hose Demand

Sprinkler Type Storage Height, ft (m) Storage Arrangement CommodityHose Demand,gpm

(L/min)Suppression mode Any Solid-Piled, Palletized,

Shelf, Bin-Box, SRR,DRR, MRR

Class 1, Class 2,Class 3, Class 4,

Plastics

250 (950)

CMSA ≤ 12 (3.6) Solid-Piled, Palletized,Shelf, Bin-Box

Class 1, Class 2,Class 3

250 (950)

CMSA > 12 (3.6) Solid-Piled, Palletized,Shelf, Bin-Box


500 (1900)

CMSA Any Solid-Piled, Palletized,Shelf, Bin-Box

Class 4, Plastics 500 (1900)

CMSA Any SRR, DRR, MRR Class 1, Class 2,Class 3, Class 4,

Plastics

500 (1900)

CMDA ≤ 12 (3.6) Solid-Piled, Palletized,Shelf, Bin-Box


250 (950)

CMDA > 12 (3.6) Solid-Piled, Palletized,Shelf, Bin-Box


500 (1900)

CMDA Any Solid-Piled, Palletized,Shelf, Bin-Box

Class 4, Plastics 500 (1900)

CMDA Any SRR, DRR, MRR Class 1, Class 2,Class 3, Class 4,

Plastics

500 (1900)

2.3.5.2 Hose Connections

Provide permanent small hose lines (1-1⁄2 in. [40 mm]) not exceeding 100 ft (30 m) in length, capable ofreaching all storage areas to aid in firefighting and for mop-up operations. Small hose may be supplied fromany of the following:

A. A separate piping system for small hose stations

B. Valved hose connections on sprinkler risers where such connections are made upstream from all sprinklercontrol valves

C. Adjacent sprinkler systems

D. Ceiling sprinklers in the protected area when separately controlled in-rack sprinklers are provided

It may be preferable from an operations standpoint to locate hose stations on the ends of racks or storagepiles rather than in aisles.

In freezers, or other areas subject to freezing, consider the number, location, and arrangement of hosestations.

2.3.6 Duration of Water Supplies

Ensure water supplies are capable of providing combined sprinkler (ceiling and in-rack) and hose streamdemands at adequate pressure per Table 2.3.6.



Table 2.3.6 Duration of Water Supplies

Sprinkler TypeStorage Height, ft

(m)Storage

Arrangement Commodity Duration (hr)Suppression mode Any Solid-Piled, Palletized,

Shelf, Bin-Box, SRR,DRR, MRR

Class 1, Class 2,Class 3, Class 4,

Plastics

1.0

CMSA ≤ 12 (3.6) Solid-Piled, Palletized,Shelf, Bin-Box


1.0

CMSA > 12 (3.6) Solid-Piled, Palletized,Shelf, Bin-Box


1.5

CMSA Any Solid-Piled, Palletized,Shelf, Bin-Box

Class 4, Plastics 2.0

CMSA Any SRR, DRR, MRR Class 1, Class 2,Class 3

1.5

CMSA Any SRR, DRR, MRR Class 4, Plastics 2.0CMDA ≤ 12 (3.6) Solid-Piled, Palletized,

Shelf, Bin-BoxClass 1, Class 2,

Class 31.0

CMDA > 12 (3.6) Solid-Piled, Palletized,Shelf, Bin-Box


1.5

CMDA Any Solid-Piled, Palletized,Shelf, Bin-Box

Class 4, Plastics 2.0

CMDA Any SRR, DRR, MRR Class 1, Class 2,Class 3

1.5

CMDA Any SRR, DRR, MRR Class 4, Plastics 2.0

2.3.7 Ceiling Sprinkler System Design Criteria

2.3.7.1 General

Use the various tables in this section to determine sprinkler system design criteria. Each table presentsavailable protection options for suppression mode, CMSA, and CMDA sprinklers.

2.3.7.2 Fire Protection Scheme 8-9A

The intent of Fire Protection Scheme 8-9A is to allow the use of a particular sprinkler type (usually suppressionmode or CMSA) that is compatible with both the building height and the storage height of a facility, but isnot compatible with a small portion of the commodity being maintained within the storage area. By keepingthe non-compatible commodities in a storage rack and providing the rack with its own protection, the desiredsprinkler type can be used for the rest of the storage area.

For example, the majority of a 40 ft (12.0 m) high warehouse equipped with K14.0 (K200) suppression modesprinklers contains commodity hazards ranging up to and including cartoned unexpanded plastics; however,it also contains a small but significant amount of uncartoned expanded plastics. The existing sprinkler systemcan protect open-framed rack storage of cartoned unexpanded plastics based on a design of 12 sprinklers ata minimum sprinkler pressure of 75 psi (5.2 bar), but it cannot protect the storage of uncartoned expandedplastics under a 40 ft (12.0 m) ceiling. To enable the existing sprinkler system to provide adequate protection,the uncartoned expanded plastics can be kept in a storage rack equipped with Scheme 8-9A protection.

2.3.7.2.1 When the protection tables indicate Scheme 8-9A is an option, other options may also be availableif the current storage arrangement is solid-piled or palletized. Other potentially less-stringent rack-storagearrangements may also be options; explore those before committing to Fire Protection Scheme 8-9A.

2.3.7.2.2 Fire Protection Scheme 8-9A uses a combination of horizontal barriers and quick-responsesprinklers to control fire. See Figures 2.3.7.2(a), 2.3.7.2(b), and 2.3.7.2(c). Horizontal barriers can benoncombustible (preferred), using minimum 22 ga (0.7 mm) sheet metal; however, minimum 3⁄8 in. (10 mm)plywood can be used as well. Span the barriers horizontally the entire width and depth of rack bays, coverall longitudinal flue spaces, and have a maximum 3 in. (75 mm) wide opening at rack uprights. Install thebarriers vertically at every other tier level unless the designated rack has solid shelves or the vertical distancebetween every other tier exceeds 12 ft (3.6 m). For these conditions, install the horizontal barriers at everytier level.



2.3.7.2.3 Install minimum K8.0 (K115) FM Approved, quick-response sprinklers beneath each barrier asshown in Figures 2.3.7.2(a), 2.3.7.2(b), and 2.3.7.2(c), depending on the type of rack being protected. Locatethe deflector of the sprinkler a maximum distance of 7 in. (175 mm) below the barrier and a minimum of6 in. (150 mm) above the top of storage. Locate face sprinklers at rack uprights and at the mid-point betweenrack uprights in addition to any longitudinal flue sprinklers shown at every transverse flue space intersection.Longitudinal flue sprinklers shown at every other transverse flue space can be provided at rack uprights.

2.3.7.2.4 As indicated in Table 2.3.7.2, design the in-rack sprinkler system to provide a minimum flow of60 gpm (230 L/min) from each of the most hydraulically remote 6 sprinklers for single-row racks, or 8 sprinklersfor double-row and multiple-row racks. Include an allowance of 500 gpm (1900 L/min) for manual hose streamapplication. Provide the combined water demand (in-rack and hose stream) for at least 2 hours. The ceilingsprinkler system does not have to be included in the design outlined above; however, it must be capable ofproviding the required protection for the surrounding occupancy.

Table 2.3.7.2 Fire Protection Scheme 8-9A

SegregatedStorage

ArrangementIRAS Design: No.

of Sprinklers

IRAS Design:Min. Flow, gpm

(L/min) Figure No.Hose Demand,

gpm (L/min)Duration,

(hr)SRR 6 on 1 Level 60 (230) Note 4 2.3.7.2(a) 500 (1900) 2.0DRR 8 on 1 Level 60 (230) Note 4 2.3.7.2(b) 500 (1900) 2.0MRR 8 on 1 Level 60 (230) Note 4 2.3.7.2(c) 500 (1900) 2.0

Note 4: Use FM Approved quick-response in-rack sprinklers having a minimum K-factor of 8.0 (120).

Fig. 2.3.7.2(a) Fire protection scheme 8-9A using single-row racks



Fig. 2.3.7.2(b) Fire protection scheme 8-9A using double-row racks

Fig. 2.3.7.2(c) Fire protection scheme 8-9A using multiple-row racks



2.3.7.3 CMDA Sprinklers

The protection options using CMDA sprinklers are provided in Tables 2.3.7.3(a) through 2.3.7.3(z) as follows:

• Tables 2.3.7.3(a) through 2.3.7.3(l) are dedicated to rack storage up to 25 ft (7.5 m) high.

• Tables 2.3.7.3(m) through 2.3.7.3(x) are dedicated to rack storage over 25 ft (7.5 m) high.

• Tables 2.3.7.3(y) and 2.3.7.3(z) are dedicated to solid-piled, palletized, shelf and bin-box storagearrangements.

Do not interpolate or make any adjustments to the indicated values obtained from the above tables.

For rack storage over 25 ft (7.5 m) high, the required density and demand area values are obtained fromTables 2.3.7.3(m) through 2.3.7.3(x) by simply knowing the type of sprinkler system (wet or dry), the highestcommodity hazard being protected, the area size of any solid shelves provided within the racks, the heightof storage above the top level of in-rack sprinklers and the clearance between the top of storage and theceiling above. These tables also provide references to the appropriate figure to illustrate how the in-racksprinklers are located within the storage racks.

Obtain the density and demand area values from the other protection tables by knowing the type of sprinklersystem (wet or dry), the highest commodity hazard being protected, the maximum height of storage, themaximum height of the building, and for rack storage the type of storage rack, the area size of any solidshelves provided within the racks and the aisle width.

Once a final density and demand area are determined, refer to Sections 2.3.5 and 2.3.6 to determine therequired hose stream allowance and duration for the chosen protection scheme. If in-rack sprinklers areneeded, see Section 2.3.4.3 for their design criteria, and Sections 2.3.4.2.1 through 2.3.4.2.4 for their properspacing, positioning, and location. Additional information regarding ceiling and in-rack sprinklers can be foundin Sections 2.3.3 and 2.3.4 respectively.

2.3.7.3.1 Excessive Clearance With CMDA Sprinklers

The protection designs for suppression mode and CMSA sprinklers account for the entire range of storageheights possible for the building heights they are listed for. Therefore, excessive clearance is not an issue withthese types of sprinklers. However, there are no building height restrictions for CMDA sprinklers, so thepossibility exists that there could be excessive clearance between the top of storage and the ceiling-levelsprinklers.

For facilities protected by CMDA sprinklers, use Table 2.3.7.3.1 when:

(a) Solid-piled, palletized, shelf, or bin-box storage arrangements are maintained in buildings with heightsover 50 ft (15.0 m), or

(b) Rack storage arrangements up to 25 ft (7.5 m) high are maintained in buildings with heights over 45 ft(13.5 m), or

(c) The clearance between the top of rack storage over 25 ft (7.5 m) high and the ceiling above exceeds20 ft (6.0 m).

Note that some of the protection options in this table may provide a means of lowering a sprinkler system’soverall flow and pressure demand if a facility’s existing water supply cannot provide the flow and pressureneeded to satisfy the ceiling-level protection requirements indicated in the appropriate protection table.



Table 2.3.7.3.1 Excessive Clearance Guidelines for CMDA Sprinklers at Ceiling Level

Storage Type Option Conditions/LimitationsSolid-Piled, Palletized,Shelf, Bin-Box, SRR,DRR, MRR

Install a noncombustible false ceiling roughly5 ft (1.5 m) over the top of storage withsprinkler protection under the false ceiling.

Design the sprinkler system based on thestorage height and the height of the falseceiling.

SRR, DRR, MRR –Buildings up to 60 ft(18.0 m) high.

Install the maximum in-rack sprinklerarrangement option indicated in theappropriate protection table based on thestorage height with a clearance of 20 ft(6.0 m). Supplement the top level of in-racksprinklers with in rack sprinklers at every fluespace intersection (face and longitudinalflue).

Limit storage to 5 ft (1.5 m) above the toplevel of in-rack sprinklers and design thein-rack system in accordance with Table2.3.4.3. Design the ceiling system based on5 ft (1.5 m) storage under a 25 ft (7.5 m)ceiling.

SRR, DRR, MRR –Buildings up to 60 ft(18.0 m) high

Install the maximum in-rack sprinklerarrangement option indicated in theappropriate protection table based on thestorage height with a clearance of 20 ft (6.0m). Supplement the top level of in-racksprinklers with a horizontal barrier and spacethe in-rack sprinklers under the horizontalbarrier per Section 2.3.4.2 and the Plan Viewof an ″IRAS (ETL) Arrangement″ using theappropriate figure from Section 2.3.4.2 basedon the type of rack provided.

Limit storage to 5 ft (1.5 m) above thehorizontal barrier and design the in-racksystem in accordance with Table 2.3.4.3.Design the ceiling system based on 5 ft(1.5 m) storage under a 25 ft (7.5 m) ceiling .

SRR, DRR, MRR Install an in-rack sprinkler arrangement optionindicated in the appropriate protection tablebased on a clearance of 20 ft (6.0 m).Supplement this in-rack sprinklerarrangement by installing a level of in-racksprinklers approximately 5 ft (1.5 m) over thetop of storage spaced horizontally at everyflue space intersection (face and longitudinalflue).

Design the in-rack sprinkler system inaccordance with Table 2.3.4.3. Design theceiling system for the surrounding occupancyhazard using a minimum K11.2 (K160)storage sprinkler and a minimum design of0.30 gpm/ft2 (12 mm/min) over 2,000 ft2

(185 m2).

SRR, DRR, MRR Install an in-rack sprinkler arrangement optionindicated in the appropriate protection tablebased on the storage height with a clearanceof 20 ft (6.0 m). In addition, install ahorizontal barrier approximately 5 ft (1.5 m)over the top of storage. Install the in-racksprinklers under the horizontal barrier spacedper Section 2.3.4.2 and the Plan View of an″IRAS (ETL) Arrangement″ using theappropriate figure from Section 2.3.4.2 basedon the type of rack provided.

Design the in-rack sprinkler system inaccordance with Table 2.3.4.3. Design theceiling system for the surrounding occupancyhazard using a minimum K11.2 (K160)storage sprinkler and a minimum design of0.30 gpm/ft2 (12 mm/min) over 2,000 ft2

(185 m2).

2.3.7.3.2 Favorable vs. No Favorable Factors

When favorable factors are present, protection recommendations can be lowered for solid-piled or palletizedstorage arrangements involving plastic commodities. The protection options for all plastics maintained ineither a shelf or bin-box storage arrangement are based on the presence of favorable factors.

Whenever any of the following favorable conditions exist, the design criteria for CMDA sprinklers used toprotect solid-piled or palletized storage of cartoned plastics and uncartoned unexpanded plastics can bebased on the presence of favorable factors:

1. The storage is closely spaced, with flue spaces 6 in. (150 mm) or less between stacks. The faces of thepile may be irregular due to removal of stacks.

Open-pile arrays burn more vigorously than closed-pile arrays because more oxygen is available to thefaces of storage in the flue spaces to support combustion. The main consideration in establishing whetheran array is closed or open is the width of the flue spaces. One or more stacks missing from the outerface of an array would not enhance fire development significantly.



A palletized array comprised of irregularly-shaped pallet loads, or pallet loads that do not extend to theedge of the pallet, can result in flue or channel spaces throughout an array. If the average width of theseflue spaces (transverse and longitudinal), which would alow oxygen into the array, are less than or equalto 8 in. (200 mm), base protection on the presence of favorable factors (i.e. closed array). If the averagewidth of these flue spaces is greater than 8 in. (200 mm) then base the protection required on the presenceof no favorable factors (i.e. open array).

2. The stored material is susceptible to collapse during the early stages of a fire because of the product spillingout of packages, packages falling out of the pile, or the pile collapsing because of wetting or fire damage,causing cartons to lose their ability to support the pile. Potential pile collapse can be predicted by leaningor unstable piles. Pile instability often occurs when boxes at the base of the piles are being crushed bythe weight of the pile.

3. An uncartoned unexpanded plastic is in solid block form and arranged so sprinkler water can reach thevertical surfaces available to burn. This does not apply to storage of open-top plastic containers (tote boxes,tubs, etc.).



Table 2.3.7.3(a) CMDA Sprinklers Installed on a Wet Sprinkler System for Rack Storage up to 25 ft (7.5 m) ofClass 1 and 2 Commodities

MaximumStorageHeight,ft (m)

MaximumBuildingHeight,ft (m)

SRR & DRR w/ ≥ 8 ft (2.4 m) Aisle Width MRR & DRR w/< 8 ft (2.4 m) Aisle WidthK-factor 25.2 EC (360 EC) A.S., 160°F

(70°C);K-factor 16.8 (240) A.S., 160°F (70°C);K-factor 14.0 (200) A.S., 160°F (70°C);K-factor 11.2 (160) A.S., 160°F (70°C);Density/Area, gpm/ft2/ft2 (mm/min/m2)

K-factor 25.2 EC (360 EC) A.S., 160°F(70°C);

K-factor 16.8 (240) A.S., 160°F (70°C);K-factor 14.0 (200) A.S., 160°F (70°C);K-factor 11.2 (160) A.S., 160°F (70°C);Density/Area, gpm/ft2/ft2 (mm/min/m2)

None/Open/Less than

20 ft2

(2.0 m2)

SolidShelves 20

to 64 ft2 (2.0to 6.0 m2)

SolidShelves

Greater than64 ft2

(6.0 m2)

None/Open/Less than

20 ft2

(2.0 m2)

SolidShelves

20 to 64 ft2

(2.0 to6.0 m2)

SolidShelves

Greater than64 ft2

(6.0 m2)15 (4.5) 20 (6.0) 0.30/2000

(12/185)0.30/2000(12/185)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(ETL)

0.30/2000(12/185)

0.30/2000(12/185)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(ETL)

35 (10.5) 0.40/2000(16/185)

0.40/2000(16/185)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(ETL)

0.45/2000(18/185)

0.45/2000(18/185)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(ETL)0.30/2000

(12/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(EO)

40 (12.0) 0.45/2000(18/185)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(ETL)

0.55/2000(22/185)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(ETL)0.30/2000

(12/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(EO)

45 (13.5) 0.60/2000(24/185)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(ETL)

0.70/2000(28/185)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(ETL)0.30/2000

(12/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(EO)

20 (6.0) 40 (12.0) 0.45/2000(18/185)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(ETL)

0.55/2000(22/185)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(ETL)0.30/2000

(12/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(EO)

45 (13.5) 0.60/2000(24/185)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(ETL)

0.70/2000(28/185)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(ETL)0.30/2000

(12/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(EO)

25 (7.5) 45 (13.5) 0.60/2000(24/185)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(ETL)

0.70/2000(28/185)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(ETL)0.30/2000

(12/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(EO)



Table 2.3.7.3(b) CMDA Sprinklers Installed on a Dry Sprinkler System for Rack Storage up to 25 ft (7.5 m) ofClass 1 and 2 Commodities



SRR & DRR w/ ≥ 8 ft (2.4 m) Aisle Width MRR & DRR w/< 8 ft (2.4 m) Aisle WidthK-factor 16.8 (240) A.S., 280°F (140°C);K-factor 14.0 (200) A.S., 280°F (140°C);K-factor 11.2 (160) A.S., 280°F (140°C);Density/Area, gpm/ft2/ft2 (mm/min/m2)


None/Open/Less than

20 ft2

(2.0 m2)

SolidShelves 20

to 64 ft2 (2.0to 6.0 m2)

SolidShelves

Greater than64 ft2

(6.0 m2)

None/Open/Less than 20ft2 (2.0 m2)

SolidShelves 20

to 64 ft2 (2.0to 6.0 m2)

SolidShelves

Greater than64 ft2

(6.0 m2)15 (4.5) 20 (6.0) 0.30/2600

(12/240)0.30/2600(12/240)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(ETL)

0.30/2600(12/240)

0.30/2600(12/240)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(ETL)

35 (10.5) 0.40/2600(14/240)

0.40/2600(14/240)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(ETL)

0.45/2600(18/240)

0.45/2600(18/240)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(ETL)0.30/2600

(12/240) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(EO)

40 (12.0) 0.45/2600(18/240)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(ETL)

0.55/2600(22/240)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(ETL)0.30/2600

(12/240) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(EO)

45 (13.5) 0.60/2600(24/240)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(ETL)

0.70/2600(28/240)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(ETL)0.30/2600

(12/240) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(EO)

20 (6.0) 40 (12.0) 0.45/2600(18/240)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(ETL)

0.55/2600(22/240)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(ETL)0.30/2600

(12/240) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(EO)

45 (13.5) 0.60/2600(24/240)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(ETL)

0.70/2600(28/240)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(ETL)0.30/2600

(12/240) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(EO)

25 (7.5) 45 (13.5) 0.60/2600(24/240)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(ETL)

0.70/2600(28/240)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(ETL)0.30/2600

(12/240) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(EO)



Table 2.3.7.3(c) CMDA Sprinklers Installed on a Wet Sprinkler System for Rack Storage up to 25 ft (7.5 m) ofClass 3 Commodities



SRR & DRR w/ ≥ 8 ft (2.4 m) Aisle Width MRR & DRR w/< 8 ft (2.4 m) Aisle Width

K-factor 25.2 EC (360 EC) A.S., 160°F (70°C);K-factor 16.8 (240) A.S., 160°F (70°C);K-factor 14.0 (200) A.S., 160°F (70°C);K-factor 11.2 (160) A.S., 160°F (70°C);Density/Area, gpm/ft2/ft2 (mm/min/m2)


None/Open/Less than

20 ft2

(2.0 m2)

Solid Shelves20 to 64 ft2

(2.0 to 6.0 m2)

Solid ShelvesGreater than

64 ft2

(6.0 m2)

None/Open/Less than

20 ft2

(2.0 m2)


(2.0 to 6.0 m2)


64 ft2

(6.0 m2)

15 (4.5) 20 (6.0) 0.30/2000(12/185)

0.30/2000(12/185)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(ETL)

0.30/2000(12/185)

0.30/2000(12/185)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(ETL)

35 (10.5) 0.45/2000(18/185)

0.45/2000(18/185)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(ETL)

0.50/2000(20/185)

0.50/2000(20/185)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(ETL)0.30/2000

(12/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(EO)

40 (12.0) 0.60/1500(24/140)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(ETL)

0.60/1500(24/140)

0.35/2000(14/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(ETL)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.35/2000(14/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(E)

45 (13.5) 0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(ETL)

0.35/2000(14/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.35/2000(14/185) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(ETL)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2000(12/185) &2 IRAS(E)

20 (6.0) 40 (12.0) 0.60/1500(24/140)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(ETL)

0.60/1500(24/140)

0.35/2000(14/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(ETL)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.35/2000(14/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(E)

45 (13.5) 0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(ETL)

0.35/2000(14/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.35/2000(14/185) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(ETL)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2000(12/185) &2 IRAS(E)

25 (7.5) 30 (9.0) 0.80/2000(32/185)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(ETL)

0.80/2000(32/185)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(ETL)0.30/2000

(12/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(EO)

45 (13.5) 0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(ETL)

0.35/2000(14/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.35/2000(14/185) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(ETL)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2000(12/185) &2 IRAS(E)



Table 2.3.7.3(d) CMDA Sprinklers Installed on a Dry Sprinkler System for Rack Storage up to 25 ft (7.5 m) ofClass 3 Commodities



SRR & DRR w/ ≥ 8 ft (2.4 m) Aisle Width MRR & DRR w/ < 8 ft (2.4 m) Aisle WidthK-factor 16.8 (240) A.S., 280°F (140°C);K-factor 14.0 (200) A.S., 280°F (140°C);K-factor 11.2 (160) A.S., 280°F (140°C);Density/Area, gpm/ft2/ft2 (mm/min/m2)


None/Open/Less than

20 ft2

(2.0 m2)

SolidShelves

20 to 64 ft2

(2.0 to6.0 m2)

SolidShelves

Greater than64 ft2

(6.0 m2)

None/Open/Less than

20 ft2

(2.0 m2)

SolidShelves 20

to 64 ft2 (2.0to 6.0 m2)

SolidShelves

Greater than64 ft2

(6.0 m2)15 (4.5) 20 (6.0) 0.30/2600

(12/240)0.30/2600(12/240)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(ETL)

0.30/2600(12/240)

0.30/2600(12/240)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(ETL)

35 (10.5) 0.45/2600(18/240)

0.45/2600(18/240)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(ETL)

0.50/2600(20/240)

0.50/2600(20/240)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(ETL)0.30/2600

(12/240) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(EO)

40 (12.0) 0.60/2000(24/185)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(ETL)

0.60/2000(24/185)

0.35/2600(14/240) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(ETL)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(EO)

0.35/2600(14/240) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(E)

45 (13.5) 0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(ETL)

0.35/2600(14/240) &IRAS(EO)

0.35/2600(14/240) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(ETL)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2600(12/240) &2 IRAS(E)

20 (6.0) 40 (12.0) 0.60/2000(24/185)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(ETL)

0.60/2000(24/185)

0.35/2600(14/240) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(ETL)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(EO)

0.35/2600(14/240) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(E)

45 (13.5) 0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(ETL)

0.35/2600(14/240) &IRAS(EO)

0.35/2600(14/240) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(ETL)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2600(12/240) &2 IRAS(E)

25 (7.5) 45 (13.5) 0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(ETL)

0.35/2600(14/240) &IRAS(EO)

0.35/2600(14/240) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(ETL)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2600(12/240) &2 IRAS(E)



Table 2.3.7.3(e) CMDA Sprinklers Installed on a Wet System for Rack Storage up to 25 ft (7.5 m) ofClass 4 Commodities



SRR & DRR w/ ≥ 8 ft (2.4 m) Aisle Width MRR & DRR w/ < 8 ft (2.4 m) Aisle WidthK-factor 25.2 EC (360 EC) A.S., 160°F (70°C);



None/Open/Less than

20 ft2

(2.0 m2)


(2.0 to6.0 m2)


64 ft2

(6.0 m2)

None/Open/Less than

20 ft2

(2.0 m2)


(2.0 to6.0 m2)


64 ft2

(6.0 m2)10 (3.0) 20 (6.0) 0.30/2000

(12/185)0.30/2000(12/185)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(ETL)

0.30/2000(12/185)

0.30/2000(12/185)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(ETL)

30 (9.0) 0.60/2000(24/185)

0.60/2000(24/185)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(ETL)

0.60/2000(24/185)

0.60/2000(24/185)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(ETL)0.30/2000

(12/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(EO)

35 (10.5) 0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2000(12 /185) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(ETL)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(ETL)

40 (12.0) 0.40/2000(16/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.40/2000(16/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(ETL)

0.45/2000(18/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.45/2000(18/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(ETL)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(E)

45 (13.5) 0.40/2000(16/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.40/2000(16 /185) &

IRAS(E)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(ETL)

0.45/2000(18/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.45/2000(18/185) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(ETL)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(E)

15 (4.5) 20 (6.0) 0.45/2000(18/185)

0.45/2000(18/185)

0.30/2000(12 /185) &IRAS(ETL)

0.45/2000(18/185)

0.45/2000(18/185)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(ETL)0.30/2000

(12/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(EO)

30 (9.0) 0.60/2000(24/185)

0.60/2000(24/185)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(ETL)

0.60/2000(24/185)

0.60/2000(24/185)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(ETL)0.30/2000

(12/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(EO)

35 (10.5) 0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2000(12 /185) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(ETL)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(ETL)

40 (12.0) 0.40/2000(16/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.40/2000(16/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(ETL)

0.45/2000(18/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.45/2000(18/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(ETL)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(E)

45 (13.5) 0.40/2000(16/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.40/2000(16 /185) &

IRAS(E)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(ETL)

0.45/2000(18/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.45/2000(18/185) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(ETL)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2000(12/185) & 2

IRAS(E)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2000(12/185) & 2

IRAS(E)








None/Open/Less than

20 ft2

(2.0 m2)


(2.0 to6.0 m2)


64 ft2

(6.0 m2)

None/Open/Less than

20 ft2

(2.0 m2)


(2.0 to6.0 m2)


64 ft2

(6.0 m2)20 (6.0) 25 (7.5) 0.80/1500

(32/140)0.60/1500(24/140) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(ETL)

0.80/1500(32/140)

0.60/1500(24/140) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(ETL)

0.60/1500(24/140) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(E)

0.60/1500(24/140) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(E)

30 (9.0) 0.80/4000 (32/370)

0.80/1500(32/140) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(ETL)

0.80/4000 (32/370)

0.80/1500(32/140) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(ETL)

0.80/1500(32/140) &IRAS(EO)

0.60/1500(24/140) &IRAS(E)

0.80/1500(32/140) &IRAS(EO)

0.60/1500(24/140) &IRAS(E)

0.60/1500(24/140) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2000(12/185) & 2

IRAS(E)

0.60/1500(24/140) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2000(12/185) & 2

IRAS(E)0.30/2000

(12/185) & 2IRAS(E)

0.30/2000(12/185) & 2

IRAS(E)40 (12.0) 0.80/1500

(32/140) &IRAS(EO)

0.80/1500(32/140) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(ETL)

0.80/1500(32/140) &IRAS(EO)

0.80/1500(32/140) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(ETL)

0.60/1500(24/140) &IRAS(E)

0.60/1500(24/140) &IRAS(E)

0.60/1500(24/140) &IRAS(E)

0.60/1500(24/140) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2000(12/185) & 2

IRAS(E)

0.30/2000(12/185) & 2

IRAS(E)

0.30/2000(12/185) & 2

IRAS(E)

0.30/2000(12/185) & 2

IRAS(E)45 (13.5) 0.80/2000

(32/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.60/2000(24/185) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(ETL)

0.80/2000(32/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.60/2000(24/185) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(ETL)

0.60/2000(24/185) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2000(12/185) & 2

IRAS(E)

0.60/2000(24/185) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2000(12/185) &2 IRAS(E)

0.30/2000(12/185) &2 IRAS(E)

0.30/2000(12/185) &2 IRAS(E)








None/Open/Less than

20 ft2

(2.0 m2)


(2.0 to6.0 m2)


64 ft2

(6.0 m2)

None/Open/Less than

20 ft2

(2.0 m2)


(2.0 to6.0 m2)


64 ft2

(6.0 m2)25 (7.5) 30 (9.0) 0.80/1500

(32/140) &IRAS(EO)

0.60/2000(24/185) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(ETL)

0.80/1500(32/140) &IRAS(EO)

0.60/2000(24/185) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(ETL)

0.60/1500(24/140) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2000(12/185) &2 IRAS(E)

0.60/1500(24/140) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2000(12/185) &2 IRAS(E)

0.30/2000(12/185) & 2

IRAS(E)

0.30/2000(12/185) &2 IRAS(E)

45 (13.5) 0.80/2000(32/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.60/2000(24/185) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(ETL)

0.80/2000(32/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.60/2000(24/185) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2000(12/185) &IRAS(ETL)

0.60/2000(24/185) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2000(12/185) &2 IRAS(E)

0.60/2000(24/185) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2000(12/185) &2 IRAS(E)

0.30/2000(12/185) & 2

IRAS(E)

0.30/2000(12/185) &2 IRAS(E)



Table 2.3.7.3(f) CMDA Sprinklers Installed on a Dry System for Rack Storage up to 25 ft (7.5 m) ofClass 4 Commodities






SolidShelves 20

to 64 ft2 (2.0to 6.0 m2)

SolidShelves

Greater than64 ft2

(6.0 m2)


SolidShelves 20

to 64 ft2 (2.0to 6.0 m2)

SolidShelves

Greater than64 ft2

(6.0 m2)10 (3.0) 20 (6.0) 0.30/2600

(12/240)0.30/2600(12/240)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(ETL)

0.30/2600(12/240)

0.30/2600(12/240)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(ETL)

30 (9.0) 0.60/2600(24/240)

0.60/2600(24/240)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(ETL)

0.60/2600(24/240)

0.60/2600(24/240)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(ETL)0.30/2600

(12/240) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(EO)

35 (10.5) 0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(ETL)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(ETL)

40 (12.0) 0.40/2600(16/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.40/2600(16/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2600(12/185) &IRAS(ETL)

0.45/2600(18/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.45/2600(18/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2600(12/185) &IRAS(ETL)

0.30/2600(12/185) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2600(12/185) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2600(12/185) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2600(12/185) &IRAS(E)

45 (13.5) 0.40/2600(16/240) &IRAS(EO)

0.40/2600(16/240) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(ETL)

0.45/2600(18/240) &IRAS(EO)

0.45/2600(18/240) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(ETL)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(E)

15 (4.5) 20 (6.0) 0.45/2600(18/240)

0.45/2600(18/240)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(ETL)

0.45/2600(18/240)

0.45/2600(18/240)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(ETL)0.30/2600

(12/240) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(EO)

30 (9.0) 0.60/2600(24/240)

0.60/2600(24/240)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(ETL)

0.60/2600(24/240)

0.60/2600(24/240)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(ETL)0.30/2600

(12/240) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(EO)

35 (10.5) 0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(ETL)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(ETL)

40 (12.0) 0.40/2600(16/240) &IRAS(EO)

0.40/2600(16/240) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(ETL)

0.45/2600(18/240) &IRAS(EO)

0.45/2600(18/240) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(ETL)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(E)

45 (13.5) 0.40/2600(16/240) &IRAS(EO)

0.40/2600(16/240) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(ETL)

0.45/2600(18/240) &IRAS(EO)

0.45/2600(18/240) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(ETL)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2600(12/240) &2 IRAS(E)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2600(12/240) &2 IRAS(E)








SolidShelves 20

to 64 ft2 (2.0to 6.0 m2)

SolidShelves

Greater than64 ft2

(6.0 m2)


SolidShelves 20

to 64 ft2 (2.0to 6.0 m2)

SolidShelves

Greater than64 ft2

(6.0 m2)20 (6.0) 25 (7.5) 0.80/2000

(32/185)0.60/2000(24/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(ETL)

0.80/2000(32/185)

0.60/2000(24/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(ETL)

0.60/2000(24/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(E)

0.60/2000(24/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(E)

40 (12.0) 0.80/2000(32/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.80/2000(32/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(ETL)

0.80/2000(32/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.80/2000(32/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(ETL)

0.60/2000(24/185) &IRAS(E)

0.60/2000(24/185) &IRAS(E)

0.60/2000(24/185) &IRAS(E)

0.60/2000(24/185) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2600(12/240) &2 IRAS(E)

0.30/2600(12/240) &2 IRAS(E)

0.30/2600(12/240) &2 IRAS(E)

0.30/2600(12/240) &2 IRAS(E)

45 (13.5) 0.80/2600(32/240) &IRAS(EO)

0.60/2600(24/240) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(ETL)

0.80/2600(32/240) &IRAS(EO)

0.60/2600(24/240) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(ETL)

0.60/2600(24/240) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2600(12/240) &2 IRAS(E)

0.60/2600(24/240) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2600(12/240) &2 IRAS(E)

0.30/2600(12/240) &2 IRAS(E)

0.30/2600(12/240) &2 IRAS(E)

25 (7.5) 30 (9.0) 0.80/2000(32/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.60/2600(24/240) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(ETL)

0.80/2000(32/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.60/2600(24/240) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(ETL)

0.60/2000(24/185) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2600(12/240) &2 IRAS(E)

0.60/2000(24/185) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2600(12/240) &2 IRAS(E)

0.30/2600(12/240) &2 IRAS(E)

0.30/2600(12/240) &2 IRAS(E)

45 (13.5) 0.80/2600(32/240) &IRAS(EO)

0.60/2600(24/240) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(ETL)

0.80/2600(32/240) &IRAS(EO)

0.60/2600(24/240) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2600(12/240) &IRAS(ETL)

0.60/2600(24/240) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2600(12/240) &2 IRAS(E)

0.60/2600(24/240) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2600(12/240) &2 IRAS(E)

0.30/2600(12/240) &2 IRAS(E)

0.30/2600(12/240) &2 IRAS(E)



Table 2.3.7.3(g) CMDA Sprinklers Installed on a Wet System for Rack Storage up to 25 ft (7.5 m) ofCartoned Unexpanded Plastic and Cartoned Expanded Plastic Commodities



Rack Storage of Cartoned Unexpanded Plastics and Cartoned Expanded Plastics, SRR, DRR & MRR Wet-PipeSystems

K-factor 25.2 EC (360 EC) A.S., 160°F (70°C);K-factor 16.8 (240) A.S., 160°F (70°C);K-factor 14.0 (200) A.S., 160°F (70°C);K-factor 11.2 (160) A.S., 160°F (70°C);Density/Area, gpm/ft 2/ft2 (mm/min/m2)

None/Open/Less than 20 ft2 (2.0 m2) Solid Shelves 20 to 64 ft2

(2.0 to 6.0 m2)Solid Shelves Greater than64 ft2 (6.0 m2)

10 (3.0) 15 (4.5) 0.30/2000 (12/185) 0.30/2000 (12/185) 0.30/2000 (12/185) & IRAS(ETL)

20 (6.0) 0.45/2000 (18/185) 0.45/2000 (18/185) 0.30/2000 (12/185) & IRAS(ETL)

0.30/2000 (12/185) & IRAS(EO) 0.30/2000 (12/185) & IRAS(EO)

30 (9.0) 0.60/2000 (24/185) 0.60/2000 (24/185) 0.30/2000 (12/185) & IRAS(ETL)

0.30/2000 (12/185) & IRAS(EO) 0.30/2000 (12/185) & IRAS(EO)

35 (10.5) 0.30/2000 (12/185) & IRAS(EO) 0.30/2000 (12/185) & IRAS(EO) 0.30/2000 (12/185) & IRAS(ETL)


0.30/2000 (12/185) & IRAS(E) 0.30/2000 (12/185) & IRAS(E)

45 (13.5) 0.45/2000 (18/185) & IRAS(EO) 0.45/2000 (18/185) & IRAS(E) 0.30/2000 (12/185) & IRAS(ETL)

0.30/2000 (12/185) & IRAS(E)

15 (4.5) 20 (6.0) 0.45/2000 (18/185) 0.45/2000 (18/185) 0.30/2000 (12/185) & IRAS(ETL)

0.30/2000 (12/185) & IRAS(EO) 0.30/2000 (12/185) & IRAS(EO)

25 (7.5) 0.80/1500 (32/140) 0.80/1500 (32/140) 0.30/2000 (12/185) & IRAS(ETL)

0.30/2000 (12/185) & IRAS(EO) 0.30/2000 (12/185) & IRAS(EO)

30 (9.0) 0.80/3000 (32/280) 0.80/3000 (32/280) 0.30/2000 (12/185) & IRAS(ETL)

0.30/2000 (12/185) & IRAS(EO) 0.30/2000 (12/185) & IRAS(EO)



0.30/2000 (12/185) & IRAS(E) 0.30/2000 (12/185) & IRAS(E)

45 (13.5) 0.45/2000 (18/185) & IRAS(E) 0.45/2000 (18/185) & IRAS(E) 0.30/2000 (12/185) & IRAS(ETL)

0.30/2000 (12/185) & 2 IRAS(E) 0.30/2000 (12/185) & 2 IRAS(E)

20 (6.0) 25 (7.5) 0.80/1500 (32/140) 0.60/1500 (24/140) & IRAS(EO) 0.30/2000 (12/185) & IRAS(ETL)

0.60/1500 (24/140 & IRAS(EO) 0.30/2000 (12/185) & IRAS(E)

0.30/2000 (12/185) & IRAS(E)


0.60/1500 (24/140) & IRAS(E) 0.60/1500 (24/140) & IRAS(E)

0.30/2000 (12/185) & 2 IRAS(E) 0.30/2000 (12/185) &2 IRAS(E)


0.60/1500 (24/140) & IRAS(E) 0.60/1500 (24/140) & IRAS(E)

0.30/2000 (12/185) & 2 IRAS(E) 0.30/2000 (12/185) & 2 IRAS(E)


0.30/2000 (12/185) & 2 IRAS(E) 0.30/2000 (12/185) & 2 IRAS(E)

25 (7.5) 30 (9.0) 0.80/1500 (32/140) & IRAS(EO) 0.60/2000 (24/185) & IRAS(E) 0.30/2000 (12/185) & IRAS(ETL)

0.60/1500 (24/140) & IRAS(E) 0.30/2000 (12/185) & 2 IRAS(E)

0.30/2000 (12/185) & 2 IRAS(E)


0.30/2000 (12/185) & 2 IRAS(E) 0.30/2000 (12/185) & 2 IRAS(E)



Table 2.3.7.3(h) CMDA Sprinklers Installed on a Dry System for Rack Storage up to 25 ft (7.5 m) ofCartoned Unexpanded Plastic and Cartoned Expanded Plastic Commodities

Maximum

Storage Height,

ft (m)

Maximum

Building Height,

ft (m)

Rack Storage of Cartoned Unexpanded Plastics and Cartoned Expanded Plastics, SRR, DRR & MRR Dry-Pipe

Systems

K-factor 16.8 (240) A.S., 280°F (140°C);

K-factor 14.0 (200) A.S., 280°F (140°C);

K-factor 11.2 (160) A.S., 280°F (140°C);

Density/Area, gpm/ft2/ft2 (mm/min/m2)

None/Open/Less than 20 ft2 (2.0 m2) Solid Shelves 20 to 64 ft2

(2.0 to

6.0 m2)

Solid Shelves Greater than 64 ft2

(6.0 m2)

10 (3.0) 15 (4.5) 0.30/2600 (12/240) 0.30/2600 (12/240) 0.30/2600 (12/240) & IRAS(ETL)

20 (6.0) 0.45/2600 (18/240) 0.45/2600 (18/240) 0.30/2600 (12/240) & IRAS(ETL)

0.30/2600 (12/240) & IRAS(EO) 0.30/2600 (12/240) & IRAS(EO)

30 (9.0) 0.60/2600 (24/240) 0.60/2600 (24/240) 0.30/2600 (12/240) & IRAS(ETL)

0.30/2600 (12/240) & IRAS(EO) 0.30/2600 (12/240) & IRAS(EO)



0.30/2600 (12/240) & IRAS(E) 0.30/2600 (12/240) & IRAS(E)

45 (13.5) 0.45/2600 (18/240) & IRAS(EO) 0.45/2600 (18/240) & IRAS(E) 0.30/2600 (12/240) & IRAS(ETL)

0.30/2600 (12/240) & IRAS(E)

15 (4.5) 20 (6.0) 0.45/2600 (18/240) 0.45/2600 (18/240) 0.30/2600 (12/240) & IRAS(ETL)

0.30/2600 (12/240) & IRAS(EO) 0.30/2600 (12/240) & IRAS(EO)

25 (7.5) 0.80/2000 (32/185) 0.80/2000 (32/185) 0.30/2600 (12/240) & IRAS(ETL)

0.30/2600 (12/240) & IRAS(EO) 0.30/2600 (12/240) & IRAS(EO)

30 (9.0) 0.80/4000 (32/375) 0.80/4000 (32/375) 0.30/2600 (12/240) & IRAS(ETL)

0.30/2600 (12/240) & IRAS(EO) 0.30/2600 (12/240) & IRAS(EO)



0.30/2600 (12/240) & IRAS(E) 0.30/2600 (12/240) & IRAS(E)


0.30/2600 (12/240) &

2 IRAS(E)

0.30/2600 (12/240) &

2 IRAS(E)

20 (6.0) 25 (7.5) 0.80/2000 (32/185) 0.60/2000 (24/185) & IRAS(EO) 0.30/2600 (12/240) & IRAS(ETL)

0.60/2000 (24/185) & IRAS(EO) 0.30/2600 (12/240) & IRAS(E)

0.30/2600 (12/240) & IRAS(E)


0.60/2000 (24/185) & IRAS(E) 0.60/2000 (24/185) & IRAS(E)

0.30/2600 (12/240) &

2 IRAS(E)

0.30/2600 (12/240) &

2 IRAS(E)


0.60/2000 (24/185) & IRAS(E) 0.60/2000 (24/185) & IRAS(E)

0.30/2600 (12/240) &

2 IRAS(E)

0.30/2600 (12/240) &

2 IRAS(E)


0.30/2600 (12/240) &

2 IRAS(E)

0.30/2600 (12/240) &

2 IRAS(E)

25 (7.5) 30 (9.0) 0.80/2000 (32/185) & IRAS(EO) 0.60/2600 (24/240) & IRAS(E) 0.30/2600 (12/240) & IRAS(ETL)

0.60/2000 (24/185) & IRAS(E) 0.30/2600 (12/240) &

2 IRAS(E)0.30/2600 (12/240) &

2 IRAS(E)


0.30/2600 (12/240) &

2 IRAS(E)

0.30/2600 (12/240) &

2 IRAS(E)



Table 2.3.7.3(i) CMDA Sprinklers Installed on a Wet System for Rack Storage up to 25 ft (7.5 m) ofUncartoned Unexpanded Plastic Commodities



Rack Storage of Uncartoned Unexpanded Plastics, SRR, DRR & MRR Wet-PipeSystemsK-factor 25.2 EC (360 EC) A.S., 160°F (70°C);K-factor 16.8 (240) A.S., 160°F (70°C);K-factor 14.0 (200) A.S., 160°F (70°C);K-factor 11.2 (160) A.S., 160°F (70°C);Density/Area, gpm/ft2/ft2 (mm/min/m2)None/Open/Less than 20 ft2

(2.0 m2)Solid Shelves 20 to 64 ft2


10 (3.0) 25 (7.5) 0.80/2500 (32/230) 0.80/2500 (32/230) 0.30/2000 (12/185) &IRAS(ETL)0.45/2000 (18/185) &

IRAS(EO)0.45/2000 (18/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2000 (12/185) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2000 (12/185) &IRAS(E)

40 (12.0) 0.45/2000 (18/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.45/2000 (18/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2000 (12/185) &IRAS(ETL)

0.30/2000 (12/185) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2000 (12/185) &IRAS(E)

45 (13.5) 0.45/2000 (18/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.45/2000 (18/185) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2000 (12/185) &IRAS(ETL)

0.30/2000 (12/185) &IRAS(E)

15 (4.5) 40 (12.0) 0.45/2000 (18/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.45/2000 (18/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2000 (12/185) &IRAS(ETL)

0.30/2000 (12/185) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2000 (12/185) &IRAS(E)

45 (13.5) 0.45/2000 (18/185) &IRAS(E)

0.45/2000 (18/185) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2000 (12/185) &IRAS(ETL)

0.30/2000 (12/185) &2 IRAS(E)

0.30/2000 (12/185) &2 IRAS(E)

20 (6.0) 25 (7.5) 0.60/2000 (24/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.60/2000 (24/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2000 (12/185) &IRAS(ETL)

0.45/2000 (18/185) &IRAS(E)

0.45/2000 (18/185) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2000 (12/185) &2 IRAS(E)

0.30/2000 (12/185) &2 IRAS(E)

30 (9.0) 0.80/1500 (32/140) &IRAS(EO)

0.80/1500 (32/140) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2000 (12/185) &IRAS(ETL)

0.60/1500 (24/140) &IRAS(E)

0.60/1500 (24/140) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2000 (12/185) &2 IRAS(E)

0.30/2000 (12/185) &2 IRAS(E)

45 (13.5) 0.80/2500 (32/230) &IRAS(E)

0.80/2500 (32/230) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2000 (12/185) &IRAS(ETL)

0.30/2000 (12/185) &2 IRAS(E)

0.30/2000 (12/185) &2 IRAS(E)

25 (7.5) 35 (10.5) 0.80/1500 (32/140) &IRAS(E)

0.80/1500 (32/140) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2000 (12/185) &IRAS(ETL)

0.30/2000 (12/185) &2 IRAS(E)

0.30/2000 (12/185) &2 IRAS(E)

45 (13.5) 0.80/2500 (32/230) &IRAS(E)

0.80/2500 (32/230) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2000 (12/185) &IRAS(ETL)

0.30/2000 (12/185) &2 IRAS(E)

0.30/2000 (12/185) &2 IRAS(E)



Table 2.3.7.3(j) CMDA Sprinklers Installed on a Dry System for Rack Storage up to 25 ft (7.5 m) ofUncartoned Unexpanded Plastic Commodities



Rack Storage of Uncartoned Unexpanded Plastics, SRR, DRR & MRR Dry-PipeSystemsK-factor 16.8 (240) A.S., 280°F (140°C);K-factor 14.0 (200) A.S., 280°F (140°C);K-factor 11.2 (160) A.S., 280°F (140°C);Density/Area, gpm/ft2/ft2 (mm/min/m2)None/Open/Less than 20 ft2



10 (3.0) 25 (7.5) 0.80/2500 (32/230) 0.80/2500 (32/230) 0.30/2000 (12/185) &IRAS(ETL)0.45/2000 (18/185) &

IRAS(EO)0.45/2000 (18/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2000 (12/185) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2000 (12/185) &IRAS(E)

40 (12.0) 0.45/2000 (18/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.45/2000 (18/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2000 (12/185) &IRAS(ETL)

0.30/2000 (12/185) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2000 (12/185) &IRAS(E)

45 (13.5) 0.45/2000 (18/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.45/2000 (18/185) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2000 (12/185) &IRAS(ETL)

0.30/2000 (12/185) &IRAS(E)

15 (4.5) 40 (12.0) 0.45/2000 (18/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.45/2000 (18/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2000 (12/185) &IRAS(ETL)

0.30/2000 (12/185) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2000 (12/185) &IRAS(E)

45 (13.5) 0.45/2000 (18/185) &IRAS(E)

0.45/2000 (18/185) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2000 (12/185) &IRAS(ETL)

0.30/2000 (12/185) &2 IRAS(E)

0.30/2000 (12/185) &2 IRAS(E)

20 (6.0) 25 (7.5) 0.60/2000 (24/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.60/2000 (24/185) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2000 (12/185) &IRAS(ETL)

0.45/2000 (18/185) &IRAS(E)

0.45/2000 (18/185) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2000 (12/185) &2 IRAS(E)

0.30/2000 (12/185) &2 IRAS(E)

30 (9.0) 0.80/1500 (32/140) &IRAS(EO)

0.80/1500 (32/140) &IRAS(EO)

0.30/2000 (12/185) &IRAS(ETL)

0.60/1500 (24/140) &IRAS(E)

0.60/1500 (24/140) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2000 (12/185) &2 IRAS(E)

0.30/2000 (12/185) &2 IRAS(E)

45 (13.5) 0.80/2500 (32/230) &IRAS(E)

0.80/2500 (32/230) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2000 (12/185) &IRAS(ETL)

0.30/2000 (12/185) &2 IRAS(E)

0.30/2000 (12/185) &2 IRAS(E)

25 (7.5) 35 (10.5) 0.80/1500 (32/140) &IRAS(E)

0.80/1500 (32/140) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2000 (12/185) &IRAS(ETL)

0.30/2000 (12/185) &2 IRAS(E)

0.30/2000 (12/185) &2 IRAS(E)

45 (13.5) 0.80/2500 (32/230) &IRAS(E)

0.80/2500 (32/230) &IRAS(E)

0.30/2000 (12/185) &IRAS(ETL)

0.30/2000 (12/185) &2 IRAS(E)

0.30/2000 (12/185) &2 IRAS(E)



Table 2.3.7.3(k) CMDA Sprinklers Installed on a Wet System for Rack Storage up to 25 ft (7.5 m) ofUncartoned Expanded Plastic Commodities



Rack Storage of Uncartoned Expanded Plastics, SRR, DRR & MRR Wet-Pipe Systems


None/Open/Less than 20 ft2

(2.0 m2)Solid Shelves 20 to 64 ft2 (2.0to 6.0 m2)

Solid Shelves Greater than64 ft2 (6.0 m2)

10 (3.0) 25 (7.5) 0.80/2500 (32/230) 0.80/2500 (32/230) 0.30/2000 (12/185) &IRAS(ETL)0.45/2000 (18/185) & IRAS(EO) 0.45/2000 (18/185) & IRAS(EO)

0.30/2000 (12/185) & IRAS(E) 0.30/2000 (12/185) & IRAS(E)

30 (9.0) 0.45/2000 (18/185) & IRAS(EO) 0.45/2000 (18/185) & IRAS(EO) 0.30/2000 (12/185) &IRAS(ETL)0.30/2000 (12/185) & IRAS(E) 0.30/2000 (12/185) & IRAS(E)



45 (13.5) 0.80/2500 (32/230) & IRAS(E) 0.80/2500 (32/230) & IRAS(E) 0.80/2500 (32/230) &IRAS(ETL)

15 (4.5) 30 (9.0) 0.45/2000 (18/185) & IRAS(EO) 0.45/2000 (18/185) & IRAS(EO) 0.30/2000 (12/185) &IRAS(ETL)0.30/2000 (12/185) & IRAS(E) 0.30/2000 (12/185) & IRAS(E)


0.30/2000 (12/185) &2 IRAS(E)

0.30/2000 (12/185) &2 IRAS(E)


0.45/2000 (18/185) &2 IRAS(E)

0.45/2000 (18/185) &2 IRAS(E)

45 (13.5) 0.80/2500 (32/230) & IRAS(E) 0.80/2500 (32/230) & IRAS(E) 0.60/2000 (24/185) &IRAS(ETL)0.60/2000 (24/185) &

2 IRAS(E)0.60/2000 (24/185) &2 IRAS(E)


0.30/2000 (12/185) &2 IRAS(E)

0.30/2000 (12/185) &2 IRAS(E)


2 IRAS(E)0.30/2000 (12/185) &2 IRAS(E)


2 IRAS(E)0.45/2000 (18/185) &2 IRAS(E)

25 (7.5) 35 (10.5) 0.80/1500 (32/140) & IRAS(E) 0.80/1500 (32/140) & IRAS(E) 0.30/2000 (12/185) &IRAS(ETL)0.30/2000 (12/185) &

2 IRAS(E)0.30/2000 (12/185) &2 IRAS(E)

45 (13.5) 0.80/2500 (32/230) & IRAS(E) 0.80/2500 (32/230) & IRAS(E)

0.30/2000 (12/185) &2 IRAS(E)

0.30/2000 (12/185) &2 IRAS(E)



Table 2.3.7.3(l) CMDA Sprinklers Installed on a Dry System for Rack Storage up to 25 ft (7.5 m) ofUncartoned Expanded Plastic Commodities



Rack Storage of Uncartoned Expanded Plastics, SRR, DRR & MRR Dry-Pipe Systems





10 (3.0) 25 (7.5) 0.80/3300 (32/230) 0.80/3300 (32/230) 0.30/2600 (12/185) &IRAS(ETL)0.45/2600 (18/185) & IRAS(EO) 0.45/2600 (18/185) & IRAS(EO)

0.30/2600 (12/185) & IRAS(E) 0.30/2600 (12/185) & IRAS(E)




45 (13.5) 0.80/3300 (32/230) & IRAS(E) 0.80/3300 (32/230) & IRAS(E) 0.80/ 3300 (32/230) &IRAS(ETL)



0.30/2600 (12/185) &2 IRAS(E)

0.30/2600 (12/185) &2 IRAS(E)


0.45/2600 (18/185) &2 IRAS(E)

0.45/2600 (18/185) &2 IRAS(E)


2 IRAS(E)0.60/2600 (24/185) &2 IRAS(E)


0.30/2600 (12/185) &2 IRAS(E)

0.30/2600 (12/185) &2 IRAS(E)


2 IRAS(E)0.30/2600 (12/185) &2 IRAS(E)


2 IRAS(E)0.45/2600 (18/185) &2 IRAS(E)

25 (7.5) 35 (10.5) 0.80/2000 (32/140) & IRAS(E) 0.80/2000 (32/140) & IRAS(E) 0.30/2600 (12/185) &IRAS(ETL)0.30/2600 (12/185) &

2 IRAS(E)0.30/2600 (12/185) &2 IRAS(E)

45 (13.5) 0.80/3300 (32/230) & IRAS(E) 0.80/3300 (32/230) & IRAS(E)

0.30/2600 (12/185) &2 IRAS(E)

0.30/2600 (12/185) &2 IRAS(E)



Table 2.3.7.3(m) CMDA Sprinklers Installed on a Wet System for Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 Commodities inSingle-Row Racks over 25 ft (7.5 m) High

Commodity PlasticsType/Packaging

Shelf Size,ft2 (m2)

StorageHeight AboveTop IRASLevel,ft (m)

ClearanceBetween Topof Storageand Ceiling,ft (m)

Ceiling Sprinkler Design, Wet-PipeSystemsK-factor 25.2 EC (360 EC) A.S., 160°F(70°C);K-factor 16.8 (240) A.S., 160°F (70°C);K-factor 14.0 (200) A.S., 160°F (70°C);K-factor 11.2 (160) A.S., 160°F (70°C);Density/Area, gpm/ft2/ft2 (mm/min/m2)

In-RackSprinklerLayout FigureNo.

Class 1,Class 2,Class 3

DNA None/Open/Less than 20(2.0)

Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 20 (6.0) 0.30/2000 (12/185) 2.3.7.3 (a)

2.3.7.3 (a)HB

Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

Up to 20 (6.0) 0.40/2000 (16/185) 2.3.7.3 (a)

2.3.7.3 (a)HB

20 to 64 (2.0to 6.0)

Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 20 (6.0) 0.30/2000 (12/185) 2.3.7.3 (b)

2.3.7.3 (b)HB

Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

Up to 20 (6.0) 0.40/2000 (16/185) 2.3.7.3 (b)

2.3.7.3 (b)HB

Greater than64 (6.0)

Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 20 (6.0) 0.30/2000 (12/185) 2.3.7.3 (c)S64

Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

Up to 20 (6.0) 0.40/2000 (16/185) 2.3.7.3 (c)S64

Class 4 DNA None/Open/Less than 20(2.0)

Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 20 (6.0) 0.30/2000 (12/185) 2.3.7.3 (d)

2.3.7.3(d)HB

Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

Up to 20 (6.0) 0.45/2000 (18/185) 2.3.7.3 (d)

2.3.7.3(d)HB

20 to 64 (2.0to 6.0)

Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 20 (6.0) 0.30/2000 (12/185) 2.3.7.3 (b)

2.3.7.3 (b)HB

Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

Up to 20 (6.0) 0.45/2000 (18/185) 2.3.7.3 (b)

2.3.7.3 (b)HB


Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 20 (6.0) 0.30/2000 (12/185) 2.3.7.3 (c)S64

Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

Up to 20 (6.0) 0.45/2000 (18/185) 2.3.7.3 (c)S64



Table 2.3.7.3(n) CMDA Sprinklers Installed on a Dry System for Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 Commodities inSingle-Row Ra cks over 25 ft (7.5 m) High


Shelf Size,ft2 (m2)



Ceiling Sprinkler Design, Dry-PipeSystemsK-factor 16.8 (240) A.S., 280°F (140°C);K-factor 14.0 (200) A.S., 280°F (140°C);K-factor 11.2 (160) A.S., 280°F (140°C);Density/Area, gpm/ft2/ft2 (mm/min/m2)




Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 20 (6.0) 0.30/2600 (12/240) 2.3.7.3 (a)

2.3.7.3 (a)HB

Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

Up to 20 (6.0) 0.40/2600 (16/240) 2.3.7.3 (a)

2.3.7.3 (a)HB

20 to 64 (2.0to 6.0)

Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 20 (6.0) 0.30/2600 (12/240) 2.3.7.3 (b)

2.3.7.3 (b)HB

Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

Up to 20 (6.0) 0.40/2600 (16/240) 2.3.7.3 (b)

2.3.7.3 (b)HB


Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 20 (6.0) 0.30/2600 (12/240) 2.3.7.3 (c)S64

Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

Up to 20 (6.0) 0.40/2600 (16/240) 2.3.7.3 (c)S64


Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 20 (6.0) 0.30/2600 (12/240) 2.3.7.3 (d)

2.3.7.3 (d)HB

Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

Up to 20 (6.0) 0.45/2600 (18/240) 2.3.7.3 (d)

2.3.7.3 (d)HB

20 to 64 (2.0to 6.0)

Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 20 (6.0) 0.30/2600 (12/240) 2.3.7.3 (b)

2.3.7.3 (b)HB

Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

Up to 20 (6.0) 0.45/2600 (18/240) 2.3.7.3 (b)

2.3.7.3 (b)HB


Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 20 (6.0) 0.30/2600 (12/240) 2.3.7.3 (c)S64

Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

Up to 20 (6.0) 0.45/2600 (18/240) 2.3.7.3 (c)S64



Table 2.3.7.3(o) CMDA Sprinklers Installed on a Wet System for Plastic Commodities inSingle-Row Racks over 25 ft (7.5 m) High


Shelf Size,ft2 (m2)

Storage HeightAbove TopIRAS Level,ft (m)

ClearanceBetween Topof Storage andCeiling,ft (m)

Ceiling Sprinkler Design, Wet-Pipe SystemsK-factor 25.2 EC (360 EC) A.S., 160°F(70°C);K-factor 16.8 (240) A.S., 160°F (70°C);K-factor 14.0 (200) A.S., 160°F (70°C);K-factor 11.2 (160) A.S., 160°F (70°C);Density/Area, gpm/ft2/ft2 (mm/min/m2)


Plastics CartonedUnexpanded,CartonedExpanded

None/Open/Less than 20(2.0)

Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 20 (6.0) 0.30/2000 (12/185) 2.3.7.3 (b)

2.3.7.3 (b)HB

Over 5 (1.5) upto 10 (3.0)

Up to 20 (6.0) 0.45/2000 (18/185) 2.3.7.3 (c)

2.3.7.3 (b)HB

20 to 64 (2.0 to6.0)

Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 20 (6.0) 0.30/2000 (12/185) 2.3.7.3 (b)

2.3.7.3 (b)HB

Over 5 (1.5) upto 10 (3.0)

Up to 20 (6.0) 0.45/2000 (18/185) 2.3.7.3 (b)

2.3.7.3 (b)HB

Greater than 64(6.0)

Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 20 (6.0) 0.30/2000 (12/185) 2.3.7.3 (c)S64

Over 5 (1.5) upto 10 (3.0)

Up to 20 (6.0) 0.45/2000 (18/185) 2.3.7.3 (c)S64

Plastics UncartonedUnexpanded


Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 20 (6.0) 0.30/2000 (12/185) 2.3.7.3 (b)

2.3.7.3 (b)HB

Over 5 (1.5) upto 10 (3.0)

Up to 10 (3.0) 0.80/1500 (32/140) 2.3.7.3 (b)

2.3.7.3 (b)HB

Over 10 (3.0)up to 20 (6.0)

0.80/2500 (32/230) 2.3.7.3 (b)

2.3.7.3 (b)HB

20 to 64 (2.0 to6.0)

Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 20 (6.0) 0.30/2000 (12/185) 2.3.7.3 (b)

2.3.7.3 (b)HB

Over 5 (1.5) upto 10 (3.0)

Up to 10 (3.0) 0.80/1500 (32/140) 2.3.7.3 (b)

2.3.7.3 (b)HB

Over 10 (3.0)up to 20 (6.0)

0.80/2500 (32/230) 2.3.7.3 (b)

2.3.7.3 (b)HB


Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 20 (6.0) 0.30/2000 (12/185) 2.3.7.3 (c)S64

Over 5 (1.5) upto 10 (3.0)

Up to 10 (3.0) 0.80/1500 (32/140) 2.3.7.3 (c)S64

Over 10 (3.0)up to 20 (6.0)

0.80/2500 (32/230) 2.3.7.3 (c)S64

Plastics UncartonedExpanded


Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 10 (3.0) 0.30/2000 (12/185) 2.3.7.3 (e)

2.3.7.3 (e)HB

Over 10 (3.0)up to 20 (6.0)

0.45/2000 (18/185) 2.3.7.3 (e)

2.3.7.3 (e)HB

Over 5 (1.5) upto 10 (3.0)

Up to 10 (3.0) 0.80/1500 (32/140) 2.3.7.3 (e)

2.3.7.3 (e)HB

Over 10 (3.0)up to 20 (6.0)

0.80/2500 (32/230) 2.3.7.3 (e)

2.3.7.3 (e)HB

20 to 64 (2.0 to6.0)

Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 10 (3.0) 0.30/2000 (12/185) 2.3.7.3 (e)

2.3.7.3 (e)HB

Over 10 (3.0)up to 20 (6.0)

0.45/2000 (18/185) 2.3.7.3 (e)

2.3.7.3 (e)HB

Over 5 (1.5) upto 10 (3.0)

Up to 10 (3.0) 0.80/1500 (32/140) 2.3.7.3 (e)

2.3.7.3 (e)HB

Over 10 (3.0)up to 20 (6.0)

0.80/2500 (32/230) 2.3.7.3 (e)

2.3.7.3 (e)HB


Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 10 (3.0) 0.30/2000 (12/185) 2.3.7.3 (c)S64

Over 10 (3.0)up to 20 (6.0)

0.45/2000 (18/185) 2.3.7.3 (c)S64

Over 5 (1.5) upto 10 (3.0)

Up to 10 (3.0) 0.80/1500 (32/140) 2.3.7.3 (c)S64

Over 10 (3.0)up to 20 (6.0)

0.80/2500 (32/230) 2.3.7.3 (c)S64



Table 2.3.7.3(p) CMDA Sprinklers Installed on a Dry System for Plastic Commoditiesin Single-Row Racks over 25 ft (7.5 m) High


Shelf Size,ft2 (m2)







Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 20 (6.0) 0.30/2600 (12/240) 2.3.7.3 (b)

2.3.7.3 (b)HB

Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

Up to 20 (6.0) 0.45/2600 (18/240) 2.3.7.3 (b)

2.3.7.3 (b)HB

20 to 64 (2.0to 6.0)

Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 20 (6.0) 0.30/2600 (12/240) 2.3.7.3 (b)

2.3.7.3 (b)HB

Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

Up to 20 (6.0) 0.45/2600 (18/240) 2.3.7.3 (b)

2.3.7.3 (b)HB


Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 20 (6.0) 0.30/2600 (12/240) 2.3.7.3 (c)S64

Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

Up to 20 (6.0) 0.45/2600 (18/240) 2.3.7.3 (c)S64



Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 20 (6.0) 0.30/2000 (12/185) 2.3.7.3 (b)

2.3.7.3 (b)HB

Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

Up to 10 (3.0) 0.80/1500 (32/140) 2.3.7.3 (b)

2.3.7.3 (b)HB

Over 10 (3.0)up to 20 (6.0)

0.80/2500 (32/230) 2.3.7.3 (b)

2.3.7.3 (b)HB

20 to 64 (2.0to 6.0)

Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 20 (6.0) 0.30/2000 (12/185) 2.3.7.3 (b)

2.3.7.3 (b)HB

Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

Up to 10 (3.0) 0.80/1500 (32/140) 2.3.7.3 (b)

2.3.7.3 (b)HB

Over 10 (3.0)up to 20 (6.0)

0.80/2500 (32/230) 2.3.7.3 (b)

2.3.7.3 (b)HB


Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 20 (6.0) 0.30/2000 (12/185) 2.3.7.3 (c)S64

Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

Up to 10 (3.0) 0.80/1500 (32/140) 2.3.7.3 (c)S64

Over 10 (3.0)up to 20 (6.0)

0.80/2500 (32/230) 2.3.7.3 (c)S64



Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 10 (3.0) 0.30/2600 (12/240) 2.3.7.3 (e)

2.3.7.3 (e)HB

Over 10 (3.0)up to 20 (6.0)

0.45/2600 (18/240) 2.3.7.3 (e)

2.3.7.3 (e)HB

Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

Up to 10 (3.0) 0.80/2000 (32/185) 2.3.7.3 (e)

2.3.7.3 (e)HB

Over 10 (3.0)up to 20 (6.0)

0.80/3300 (32/300) 2.3.7.3 (e)

2.3.7.3 (e)HB

20 to 64 (2.0to 6.0)

Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 10 (3.0) 0.30/2600 (12/240) 2.3.7.3 (e)

2.3.7.3 (e)HB

Over 10 (3.0)up to 20 (6.0)

0.45/2600 (18/240) 2.3.7.3 (e)

2.3.7.3 (e)HB

Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

Up to 10 (3.0) 0.80/2000 (32/185) 2.3.7.3 (e)

2.3.7.3 (e)HB

Over 10 (3.0)up to 20 (6.0)

0.80/3300 (32⁄300) 2.3.7.3 (e)

2.3.7.3 (e)HB


Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 10 (3.0) 0.30/2600 (12/240) 2.3.7.3 (c)S64

0.45/2600 (18/240) 2.3.7.3 (c)S64

Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

Up to 10 (3.0) 0.80/2000 (32/185) 2.3.7.3 (c)S64

Over 10 (3.0)up to 20 (6.0)

0.80/3300 (32/300) 2.3.7.3 (c)S64



Table 2.3.7.3(q) CMDA Sprinklers Installed on a Wet System for Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 Commodities inDouble-Row Racks over 25 ft (7.5 m) High


Shelf Size,ft2 (m2)



Ceiling Sprinkler Design, Wet-PipeSystemsK-factor 25.2 EC (360 EC) A.S.,160°F (70°C);K-factor 16.8 (240) A.S., 160°F (70°C);K-factor 14.0 (200) A.S., 160°F (70°C);K-factor 11.2 (160) A.S., 160°F (70°C);Density/Area, gpm/ft2/ft2 (mm/min/m2)




Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 20 (6.0) 0.30/2000 (12/185) 2.3.7.3 (f)

2.3.7.3 (f)HB

2.3.7.3 (g)

2.3.7.3 (h)

Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

Up to 20 (6.0) 0.40/2000 (16/185) 2.3.7.3 (f)

2.3.7.3 (f)HB

2.3.7.3 (g)

2.3.7.3 (h)

20 to 64 (2.0to 6.0)

Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 20 (6.0) 0.30/2000 (12/185) 2.3.7.3 (i)

2.3.7.3 (i)HB

Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

Up to 20 (6.0) 0.40/2000 (16/185) 2.3.7.3 (i)

2.3.7.3 (i)HB


Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 20 (6.0) 0.30/2000 (12/185) 2.3.7.3 (j)S64

Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

Up to 20 (6.0) 0.40/2000 (16/185) 2.3.7.3 (j)S64


Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 20 (6.0) 0.30/2000 (12/185) 2.3.7.3 (k)

2.3.7.3 (k)HB

2.3.7.3 (g)

2.3.7.3 (h)

Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

Up to 20 (6.0) 0.45/2000 (18/185) 2.3.7.3 (k)

2.3.7.3(k)HB

2.3.7.3 (g)

2.3.7.3 (h)

20 to 64 (2.0to 6.0)

Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 20 (6.0) 0.30/2000 (12/185) 2.3.7.3 (i)

2.3.7.3 (i)HB

Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

Up to 20 (6.0) 0.45/2000 (18/185) 2.3.7.3 (i)

2.3.7.3 (i)HB


Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 20 (6.0) 0.30/2000 (12/185) 2.3.7.3 (j)S64

Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

Up to 20 (6.0) 0.45/2000 (18/185) 2.3.7.3 (j)S64



Table 2.3.7.3(r) CMDA Sprinklers Installed on a Dry System for Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 Commodities inDouble-Row Racks over 25 ft (7.5 m) High


Shelf Size,ft2 (m2)







Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 20 (6.0) 0.30/2600 (12/240) 2.3.7.3 (f)

2.3.7.3 (f)HB

Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

Up to 20 (6.0) 0.40/2600 (16/240) 2.3.7.3 (f)

2.3.7.3 (f)HB

20 to 64 (2.0to 6.0)

Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 20 (6.0) 0.30/2600 (12/240) 2.3.7.3 (i)

2.3.7.3 (i)HB

Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

Up to 20 (6.0) 0.40/2600 (16/240) 2.3.7.3 (i)

2.3.7.3 (i)HB


Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 20 (6.0) 0.30/2600 (12/240) 2.3.7.3 (j)S64

Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

Up to 20 (6.0) 0.40/2600 (16/240) 2.3.7.3 (j)S64


Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 20 (6.0) 0.30/2600 (12/240) 2.3.7.3 (k)

2.3.7.3 (k)HB

Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

Up to 20 (6.0) 0.45/2600 (18/240) 2.3.7.3 (k)

2.3.7.3 (k)HB

20 to 64 (2.0to 6.0)

Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 20 (6.0) 0.30/2600 (12/240) 2.3.7.3 (i)

2.3.7.3 (i)HB

Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

Up to 20 (6.0) 0.45/2600 (18/240) 2.3.7.3 (i)

2.3.7.3 (i)HB


Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 20 (6.0) 0.30/2600 (12/240) 2.3.7.3 (j)S64

Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

Up to 20 (6.0) 0.45/2600 (18/240) 2.3.7.3 (j)S64



Table 2.3.7.3(s) CMDA Sprinklers Installed on a Wet System for Plastic Commodities inDouble-Row Racks over 25 ft (7.5 m) High

Commodity Plastics

Type/

Packaging

Shelf Size,

ft2 (m2)

Storage Height Above

Top IRAS Level,

ft (m)

Clearance Between Top

of Storage and Ceiling,

ft (m)

Ceiling Sprinkler Design, Wet-Pipe

Systems

K-factor 25.2 EC (360 EC) A.S., 160°F

(70°C);

K-factor 16.8 (240) A.S., 160°F (70°C);

K-factor 14.0 (200) A.S., 160°F (70°C);

K-factor 11.2 (160) A.S., 160°F (70°C);


In-Rack

Sprinkler

Layout Figure

No.

Plastics Cartoned

Unexpanded,

Cartoned

Expanded

None/Open/

Less than 20

(2.0)

Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 20 (6.0) 0.30/2000 (12/185) 2.3.7.3 (i)

2.3.7.3 (i)HB

2.3.7.3 (g)

2.3.7.3 (h)

Over 5 (1.5) up to 10

(3.0)

Up to 20 (6.0) 0.45/2000 (18/185) 2.3.7.3 (i)

2.3.7.3 (i)HB

2.3.7.3 (g)

2.3.7.3 (h)

20 to 64 (2.0

to 6.0)

Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 20 (6.0) 0.30/2000 (12/185) 2.3.7.3 (i)

2.3.7.3 (i)HB

Over 5 (1.5) up to 10

(3.0)

Up to 20 (6.0) 0.45/2000 (18/185) 2.3.7.3 (i)

2.3.7.3 (i)HB

Greater than

64 (6.0)

Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 20 (6.0) 0.30/2000 (12/185) 2.3.7.3 (j)S64

Over 5 (1.5) up to 10

(3.0)

Up to 20 (6.0) 0.45/2000 (18/185) 2.3.7.3 (j)S64

Plastics Uncartoned

Unexpanded

None/Open/

Less than 20

(2.0)

Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 20 (6.0) 0.30/2000 (12/185) 2.3.7.3 (i)

2.3.7.3 (i)HB

2.3.7.3 (r)HB

Over 5 (1.5) up to 10

(3.0)

Up to 10 (3.0) 0.80/1500 (32/140) 2.3.7.3 (i)

2.3.7.3 (i)HB

2.3.7.3 (r)HB

Over 10 (3.0) up to 20

(6.0)

0.80/2500 (32/230) 2.3.7.3 (i)

2.3.7.3 (i)HB

2.3.7.3 (r)HB

20 to 64 (2.0

to 6.0)

Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 20 (6.0) 0.30/2000 (12/185) 2.3.7.3 (i)

2.3.7.3 (i)HB

2.3.7.3 (r)HB

Over 5 (1.5) up to 10

(3.0)

Up to 10 (3.0) 0.80/1500 (32/140) 2.3.7.3 (i)

2.3.7.3 (i)HB

2.3.7.3 (r)HB

Over 10 (3.0) up to 20

(6.0)

0.80/2500 (32/230) 2.3.7.3 (i)

2.3.7.3 (i)HB

2.3.7.3 (r)HB

Greater than

64 (6.0)

Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 20 (6.0) 0.30/2000 (12/185) 2.3.7.3 (j)S64

Over 5 (1.5) up to 10

(3.0)

Up to 10 (3.0) 0.80/1500 (32/140) 2.3.7.3 (j)S64

Over 10 (3.0) up to 20

(6.0)

0.80/2500 (32/230) 2.3.7.3 (j)S64



Commodity Plastics

Type/

Packaging

Shelf Size,

ft2 (m2)

Storage Height Above

Top IRAS Level,

ft (m)

Clearance Between Top

of Storage and Ceiling,

ft (m)


Systems

K-factor 25.2 EC (360 EC) A.S., 160°F

(70°C);

K-factor 16.8 (240) A.S., 160°F (70°C);

K-factor 14.0 (200) A.S., 160°F (70°C);

K-factor 11.2 (160) A.S., 160°F (70°C);


In-Rack

Sprinkler

Layout Figure

No.

Plastics Uncartoned

Expanded

None/Open/

Less than 20

(2.0)

Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 10 (3.0) 0.30/2000 (12/185) 2.3.7.3 (l)

2.3.7.3 (l)HB

Over 10 (3.0) up to 20

(6.0)

0.45/2000 (18/185) 2.3.7.3 (l)

2.3.7.3 (l)HB

Over 5 (1.5) up to 10

(3.0)

Up to 10 (3.0) 0.80/1500 (32/140) 2.3.7.3 (l)

2.3.7.3 (l)HB

Over 10 (3.0) up to 20

(6.0)

0.80/2500 (32/230) 2.3.7.3 (l)

2.3.7.3 (l)HB

20 to 64 (2.0

to 6.0)

Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 10 (3.0) 0.30/2000 (12/185) 2.3.7.3 (l)

2.3.7.3 (l)HB

Over 10 (3.0) up to 20

(6.0)

0.45/2000 (18/185) 2.3.7.3 (l)

2.3.7.3 (l)HB

Over 5 (1.5) up to 10

(3.0)

Up to 10 (3.0) 0.80/1500 (32/140) 2.3.7.3 (l)

2.3.7.3 (l)HB

Over 10 (3.0) up to 20

(6.0)

0.80/2500 (32/230) 2.3.7.3 (l)

2.3.7.3 (l)HB

Greater than

64 (6.0)

Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 10 (3.0) 0.30/2000 (12/185) 2.3.7.3 (j)S64

Over 10 (3.0) up to 20

(6.0)

0.45/2000 (18/185) 2.3.7.3 (j)S64

Over 5 (1.5) up to 10

(3.0)

Up to 10 (3.0) 0.80/1500 (32/140) 2.3.7.3 (j)S64

Over 10 (3.0) up to 20

(6.0)

0.80/2500 (32/230) 2.3.7.3 (j)S64



Table 2.3.7.3(t) CMDA Sprinklers Installed on a Dry System for Plastic Commodities inDouble-Row Racks over 25 ft (7.5 m) High


Shelf Size,ft2 (m2)







Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 20 (6.0) 0.30/2600 (12/240) 2.3.7.3 (i)

2.3.7.3 (i)HB

Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

Up to 20 (6.0) 0.45/2600 (18/240) 2.3.7.3 (i)

2.3.7.3 (i)HB

20 to 64 (2.0to 6.0)

Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 20 (6.0) 0.30/2600 (12/240) 2.3.7.3 (i)

2.3.7.3 (i)HB

Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

Up to 20 (6.0) 0.45/2600 (18/240) 2.3.7.3 (i)

2.3.7.3 (i)HB


Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 20 (6.0) 0.30/2600 (12/240) 2.3.7.3 (j)S64

Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

Up to 20 (6.0) 0.45/2600 (18/240) 2.3.7.3 (j)S64



Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 20 (6.0) 0.30/2000 (12/185) 2.3.7.3 (i)

2.3.7.3 (i)HB

2.3.7.3 (r)HB

Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

Up to 10 (3.0) 0.80/1500 (32/140) 2.3.7.3 (i)

2.3.7.3 (i)HB

2.3.7.3 (r)HB

Over 10 (3.0)up to 20 (6.0)

0.80/2500 (32/230) 2.3.7.3 (i)

2.3.7.3 (i)HB

2.3.7.3 (r)HB

20 to 64 (2.0to 6.0)

Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 20 (6.0) 0.30/2000 (12/185) 2.3.7.3 (i)

2.3.7.3 (i)HB

2.3.7.3 (r)HB

Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

Up to 10 (3.0) 0.80/1500 (32/140) 2.3.7.3 (i)

2.3.7.3 (i)HB

2.3.7.3 (r)HB

Over 10 (3.0)up to 20 (6.0)

0.80/2500 (32/230) 2.3.7.3 (i)

2.3.7.3 (i)HB

2.3.7.3 (r)HB


Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 20 (6.0) 0.30/2000 (12/185) 2.3.7.3 (j)S64

Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

Up to 10 (3.0) 0.80/1500 (32/140) 2.3.7.3 (j)S64

Over 10 (3.0)up to 20 (6.0)

0.80/2500 (32/230) 2.3.7.3 (j)S64




Shelf Size,ft2 (m2)







Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 10 (3.0) 0.30/2600 (12/240) 2.3.7.3 (l)

2.3.7.3 (l)HB

Over 10 (3.0)up to 20 (6.0)

0.45/2600 (18/240) 2.3.7.3 (l)

2.3.7.3 (l)HB

Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

Up to 10 (3.0) 0.80/2000 (32/185) 2.3.7.3 (l)

2.3.7.3 (l)HB

Over 10 (3.0)up to 20 (6.0)

0.80/3300 (32/300) 2.3.7.3 (l)

2.3.7.3 (l)HB

20 to 64 (2.0to 6.0)

Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 10 (3.0) 0.30/2600 (12/240) 2.3.7.3 (l)

2.3.7.3 (l)HB

Over 10 (3.0)up to 20 (6.0)

0.45/2600 (18/240) 2.3.7.3 (l)

2.3.7.3 (l)HB

Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

Up to 10 (3.0) 0.80/2000 (32/185) 2.3.7.3 (l)

2.3.7.3 (l)HB

Over 10 (3.0)up to 20 (6.0)

0.80/3300 (32/300) 2.3.7.3 (l)

2.3.7.3 (l)HB


Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 10 (3.0) 0.30/2600 (12/240) 2.3.7.3 (j)S64

Over 10 (3.0)up to 20 (6.0)

0.45/2600 (18/240) 2.3.7.3 (j)S64

Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

Up to 10 (3.0) 0.80/2000 (32/185) 2.3.7.3 (j)S64

Over 10 (3.0)up to 20 (6.0)

0.80/3300 (32/300) 2.3.7.3 (j)S64



Table 2.3.7.3(u) CMDA Sprinklers Installed on a Wet System for Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 Commodities inMultiple-Row Racks over 25 ft (7.5 m) High


Shelf Size,ft2 (m2)







Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 20 (6.0) 0.30/2000 (12/185) 2.3.7.3 (m)

2.3.7.3 (m)HB

Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

Up to 20 (6.0) 0.40/2000 (16/185) 2.3.7.3 (m)

2.3.7.3 (m)HB

20 to 64 (2.0to 6.0)

Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 20 (6.0) 0.30/2000 (12/185) 2.3.7.3 (n)

2.3.7.3 (n)HB

Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

Up to 20 (6.0) 0.40/2000 (16/185) 2.3.7.3 (n)

2.3.7.3 (n)HB


Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 20 (6.0) 0.30/2000 (12/185) 2.3.7.3 (o)S64

Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

Up to 20 (6.0) 0.40/2000 (16/185) 2.3.7.3 (o)S64


Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 20 (6.0) 0.30/2000 (12/185) 2.3.7.3 (p)

2.3.7.3 (p)HB

Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

Up to 20 (6.0) 0.45/2000 (18/185) 2.3.7.3 (p)

2.3.7.3 (p)HB

20 to 64 (2.0to 6.0)

Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 20 (6.0) 0.30/2000 (12/185) 2.3.7.3 (n)

2.3.7.3 (n)HB

Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

Up to 20 (6.0) 0.45/2000 (18/185) 2.3.7.3 (n)

2.3.7.3 (n)HB


Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 20 (6.0) 0.30/2000 (12/185) 2.3.7.3 (o)S64

Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

Up to 20 (6.0) 0.45/2000 (18/185) 2.3.7.3 (o)S64



Table 2.3.7.3(v) CMDA Sprinklers Installed on a Dry System for Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 Commodities inMultiple-Row Racks over 25 ft (7.5 m) High


Shelf Size,ft2 (m2)







Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 20 (6.0) 0.30/2600 (12/240) 2.3.7.3 (m)

2.3.7.3 (m)HB

Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

Up to 20 (6.0) 0.40/2600 (16/240) 2.3.7.3 (m)

2.3.7.3 (m)HB

20 to 64 (2.0to 6.0)

Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 20 (6.0) 0.30/2600 (12/240) 2.3.7.3 (n)

2.3.7.3 (n)HB

Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

Up to 20 (6.0) 0.40/2600 (16/240) 2.3.7.3 (n)

2.3.7.3 (n)HB


Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 20 (6.0) 0.30/2600 (12/240) 2.3.7.3 (o)S64

Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

Up to 20 (6.0) 0.40/2600 (16/240) 2.3.7.3 (o)S64


Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 20 (6.0) 0.30/2600 (12/240) 2.3.7.3 (p)

2.3.7.3 (p)HB

Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

Up to 20 (6.0) 0.45/2600 (18/240) 2.3.7.3 (p)

2.3.7.3 (p)HB

20 to 64 (2.0to 6.0)

Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 20 (6.0) 0.30/2600 (12/240) 2.3.7.3 (n)

2.3.7.3 (n)HB

Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

Up to 20 (6.0) 0.45/2600 (18/240) 2.3.7.3 (n)

2.3.7.3 (n)HB


Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 20 (6.0) 0.30/2600 (12/240) 2.3.7.3 (o)S64

Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

Up to 20 (6.0) 0.45/2600 (18/240) 2.3.7.3 (o)S64



Table 2.3.7.3(w) CMDA Sprinklers Installed on a Wet System for Plastic Commodities inMultiple-Row Racks over 25 ft (7.5 m) High


Shelf Size,ft2 (m2)







Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 20 (6.0) 0.30/2000 (12/185) 2.3.7.3 (n)

2.3.7.3 (n)HB

Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

Up to 20 (6.0) 0.45/2000 (18/185) 2.3.7.3 (n)

2.3.7.3 (n)HB

20 to 64 (2.0to 6.0)

Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 20 (6.0) 0.30/2000 (12/185) 2.3.7.3 (n)

2.3.7.3 (n)HB

Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

Up to 20 (6.0) 0.45/2000 (18/185) 2.3.7.3 (n)

2.3.7.3 (n)HB


Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 20 (6.0) 0.30/2000 (12/185) 2.3.7.3 (o)S64

Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

Up to 20 (6.0) 0.45/2000 (18/185) 2.3.7.3 (o)S64



Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 20 (6.0) 0.30/2000 (12/185) 2.3.7.3 (n)

2.3.7.3 (n)HB

Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

Up to 10 (3.0) 0.80/1500 (32/140) 2.3.7.3 (n)

2.3.7.3 (n)HB

Over 10 (3.0)up to 20 (6.0)

0.80/2500 (32/230) 2.3.7.3 (n)

2.3.7.3 (n)HB

20 to 64 (2.0to 6.0)

Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 20 (6.0) 0.30/2000 (12/185) 2.3.7.3 (n)

2.3.7.3 (n)HB

Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

Up to 10 (3.0) 0.80/1500 (32/140) 2.3.7.3 (n)

2.3.7.3 (n)HB

Over 10 (3.0)up to 20 (6.0)

0.80/2500 (32/230) 2.3.7.3 (n)

2.3.7.3 (n)HB


Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 20 (6.0) 0.30/2000 (12/185) 2.3.7.3 (o)S64

Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

Up to 10 (3.0) 0.80/1500 (32/140) 2.3.7.3 (o)S64

Over 10 (3.0)up to 20 (6.0)

0.80/2500 (32/230) 2.3.7.3 (o)S64



Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 10 (3.0) 0.30/2000 (12/185) 2.3.7.3 (q)

2.3.7.3 (q)HB

Over 10 (3.0)up to 20 (6.0)

0.45/2000 (18/185) 2.3.7.3 (q)

2.3.7.3 (q)HB

Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

Up to 10 (3.0) 0.80/1500 (32/140) 2.3.7.3 (q)

2.3.7.3 (q)HB

Over 10 (3.0)up to 20 (6.0)

0.80/2500 (32/230) 2.3.7.3 (q)

2.3.7.3 (q)HB

20 to 64 (2.0to 6.0)

Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 10 (3.0) 0.30/2000 (12/185) 2.3.7.3 (q)

2.3.7.3 (q)HB

Over 10 (3.0)up to 20 (6.0)

0.45/2000 (18/185) 2.3.7.3 (q)

2.3.7.3 (q)HB

Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

Up to 10 (3.0) 0.80/1500 (32/140) 2.3.7.3 (q)

2.3.7.3 (q)HB

Over 10 (3.0)up to 20 (6.0)

0.80/2500 (32/230) 2.3.7.3 (q)

2.3.7.3 (q)HB


Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 10 (3.0) 0.30/2000 (12/185) 2.3.7.3 (o)S64

Over 10 (3.0)up to 20 (6.0)

0.45/2000 (18/185) 2.3.7.3 (o)S64

Over 5 (1.5)up to 10 (3.0)

Up to 10 (3.0) 0.80/1500 (32/140) 2.3.7.3 (o)S64

Over 10 (3.0)up to 20 (6.0)

0.80/2500 (32/230) 2.3.7.3 (o)S64



Table 2.3.7.3(x) CMDA Sprinklers Installed on a Dry System for Plastic Commodities inMultiple-Row Racks over 25 ft (7.5 m) High

Commodity Plastics

Type/

Packaging

Shelf Size,

ft2 (m2)

Storage Height

Above Top

IRAS Level,

ft (m)

Clearance

Between Top of

Storage and

Ceiling,

ft (m)


Systems

K-factor 16.8 (240) A.S., 280°F (140°C);

K-factor 14.0 (200) A.S., 280°F (140°C);

K-factor 11.2 (160) A.S., 280°F (140°C);


In-Rack

Sprinkler

Layout Figure

No.

Plastics Cartoned

Unexpanded,

Cartoned

Expanded

None/Open/

Less than

20 (2.0)

Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 20 (6.0) 0.30/2600 (12/240) 2.3.7.3 (n)

2.3.7.3 (n)HB

Over 5 (1.5) up

to 10 (3.0)

Up to 20 (6.0) 0.45/2600 (18/240) 2.3.7.3 (n)

2.3.7.3 (n)HB

20 to 64

(2.0 to 6.0)

Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 20 (6.0) 0.30/2600 (12/240) 2.3.7.3 (n)

2.3.7.3 (n)HB

Over 5 (1.5) up

to 10 (3.0)

Up to 20 (6.0) 0.45/2600 (18/240) 2.3.7.3 (n)

2.3.7.3 (n)HB

Greater than

64 (6.0)

Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 20 (6.0) 0.30/2600 (12/240) 2.3.7.3 (o)S64

Over 5 (1.5) up

to 10 (3.0)

Up to 20 (6.0) 0.45/2600 (18/240) 2.3.7.3 (o)S64

Plastics Uncartoned

Unexpanded

None/Open/

Less than

20 (2.0)

Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 20 (6.0) 0.30/2000 (12/185) 2.3.7.3 (n)

2.3.7.3 (n)HB

Over 5 (1.5) up

to 10 (3.0)

Up to 10 (3.0) 0.80/1500 (32/140) 2.3.7.3 (n)

2.3.7.3 (n)HB

Over 10 (3.0)

up to 20 (6.0)

0.80/2500 (32/230) 2.3.7.3 (n)

2.3.7.3 (n)HB

20 to 64

(2.0 to 6.0)

Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 20 (6.0) 0.30/2000 (12/185) 2.3.7.3 (n)

2.3.7.3 (n)HB

Over 5 (1.5) up

to 10 (3.0)

Up to 10 (3.0) 0.80/1500 (32/140) 2.3.7.3 (n)

2.3.7.3 (n)HB

Over 10 (3.0)

up to 20 (6.0)

0.80/2500 (32/230) 2.3.7.3 (n)

2.3.7.3 (n)HB

Greater than

64 (6.0)

Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 20 (6.0) 0.30/2000 (12/185) 2.3.7.3 (o)S64

Over 5 (1.5) up

to 10 (3.0)

Up to 10 (3.0) 0.80/1500 (32/140) 2.3.7.3 (o)S64

Over 10 (3.0)

up to 20 (6.0)

0.80/2500 (32/230) 2.3.7.3 (o)S64

Plastics Uncartoned

Expanded

None/Open/

Less than

20 (2.0)

Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 10 (3.0) 0.30/2600 (12/240) 2.3.7.3 (q)

2.3.7.3 (q)HB

Over 10 (3.0)

up to 20 (6.0)

0.45/2600 (18/240) 2.3.7.3 (q)

2.3.7.3 (q)HB

Over 5 (1.5) up

to 10 (3.0)

Up to 10 (3.0) 0.80/2000 (32/185) 2.3.7.3 (q)

2.3.7.3 (q)HB

Over 10 (3.0)

up to 20 (6.0)

0.80/3300 (32/300) 2.3.7.3 (q)

2.3.7.3 (q)HB

20 to 64 (2.0 to

6.0)

Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 10 (3.0) 0.30/2600 (12/240) 2.3.7.3 (q)

2.3.7.3 (q)HB

Over 10 (3.0)

up to 20 (6.0)

0.45/2600 (18/240) 2.3.7.3 (q)

2.3.7.3 (q)HB

Over 5 (1.5) up

to 10 (3.0)

Up to 10 (3.0) 0.80/2000 (32/185) 2.3.7.3 (q)

2.3.7.3 (q)HB

Over 10 (3.0)

up to 20 (6.0)

0.80/3300 (32/300) 2.3.7.3 (q)

2.3.7.3 (q)HB

Greater than 64

(6.0)

Up to 5 (1.5) Up to 10 (3.0) 0.30/2600 (12/240) 2.3.7.3 (o)S64

Over 10 (3.0)

up to 20 (6.0)

0.45/2600 (18/240) 2.3.7.3 (o)S64

Over 5 (1.5) up

to 10 (3.0)

Up to 10 (3.0) 0.80/2000 (32/185) 2.3.7.3 (o)S64

Over 10 (3.0)

up to 20 (6.0)

0.80/3300 (32/300) 2.3.7.3 (o)S64



Table 2.3.7.3(y) CMDA Sprinklers Installed on a Wet System for Solid-Piled, Palletized, Shelf and Bin-Box Storage


FavorableFactors

Maximum StorageHeight,ft (m)

Maximum BuildingHeight,ft (m)

Ceiling Sprinkler Design, Wet-PipeSystemK-factor 25.2 EC (360 EC) A.S., 160°F(70°C);K-factor 16.8 (240) A.S., 160°F (70°C);K-factor 14.0 (200) A.S., 160°F (70°C);K-factor 11.2 (160) A.S., 160°F (70°C);Density/Area, gpm/ft2/ft2 (mm/min/m2)

Class 1and 2

DNA DNA 25 (7.5) 45 (13.5) 0.30/2000 (12/185)

50 (15.0) 0.35/2000 (14/185)

30 (9.0) 50 (15.0) 0.35/2000 (14/185)

Class 3 DNA DNA 25 (7.5) 45 (13.5) 0.30/2000 (12/185)

50 (15.0) 0.45/2000 (18/185)

30 (9.0) 50 (15.0) 0.45/2000 (18/185)

Class 4 DNA DNA 20 (6.0) 40 (12.0) 0.30/2000 (12/185)

45 (13.5) 0.40/2000 (16/185)

50 (15.0) 0.60/2000 (24/185)

25 (7.5) 45 (13.5) 0.40/2000 (16/185)

50 (15.0) 0.60/2000 (24/185)

30 (9.0) 50 (15.0) 0.60/2000 (24/185)


Yes 10 (3.0) 30 (9.0) 0.30/2000 (12/185)

35 (10.5) 0.60/1500 (24/140)

40 (12.0) 0.80/1500 (32/140)

50 (15.0) Scheme 8-9A Note 5

15 (4.5) 20 (6.0) 0.45/2000 (18/185)

35 (10.5) 0.60/1500 (24/140)

40 (12.0) 0.80/1500 (32/140)

50 (15.0) Scheme 8-9A Note 5

20 (6.0) 25 (7.5) 0.60/1500 (24/140)

40 (12.0) 0.80/1500 (32/140)

50 (15.0) Scheme 8-9A Note 5

25 (7.5) 30 (9.0) 0.80/1500 (32/140)

50 (15.0) Scheme 8-9A Note 5

30 (9.0) 50 (15.0) Scheme 8-9A Note 5


No 10 (3.0) 15 (4.5) 0.30/2000 (12/185)

30 (9.0) 0.45/2000 (18/185)

40 (12.0) 0.80/1500 (32/140)

50 (15.0) Scheme 8-9A Note 5

15 (4.5) 20 (6.0) 0.45/2000 (18/185)

40 (12.0) 0.80/1500 (32/140)

50 (15.0) Scheme 8-9A Note 5

20 (6.0) 40 (12.0) 0.80/1500 (32/140)

50 (15.0) Scheme 8-9A Note 5

25 (7.5) 30 (9.0) 0.80/2000 (32/185)

50 (15.0) Scheme 8-9A Note 5

30 (9.0) 50 (15.0) Scheme 8-9A Note 5




FavorableFactors



Ceiling Sprinkler Design, Wet-PipeSystemK-factor 25.2 EC (360 EC) A.S., 160°F(70°C);K-factor 16.8 (240) A.S., 160°F (70°C);K-factor 14.0 (200) A.S., 160°F (70°C);K-factor 11.2 (160) A.S., 160°F (70°C);Density/Area, gpm/ft2/ft2 (mm/min/m2)


Yes 10 (3.0) 15 (4.5) 0.30/2500 (12/230)

30 (9.0) 0.45/2000 (18/185)

40 (12.0) 0.80/1500 (32/140)

50 (15.0) Scheme 8-9A Note 5

15 (4.5) 20 (6.0) 0.60/1500 (24/140)

40 (12.0) 0.80/1500 (32/140)

50 (15.0) Scheme 8-9A Note 5

20 (6.0) 40 (12.0) 0.80/1500 (32/140)

50 (15.0) Scheme 8-9A Note 5

25 (7.5) 30 (9.0) 0.80/2000 (32/185)

50 (15.0) Scheme 8-9A Note 5

30 (9.0) 50 (15.0) Scheme 8-9A Note 5


No 10 (3.0) 15 (4.5) 0.30/2500 (12/230)

30 (9.0) 0.60/1500 (24/140)

40 (12.0) 0.80/1500 (32/140)

50 (15.0) Scheme 8-9A Note 5

15 (4.5) 20 (6.0) 0.60/1500 (24/140)

40 (12.0) 0.80/1500 (32/140)

50 (15.0) Scheme 8-9A Note 5

20 (6.0) 40 (12.0) 0.80/1500 (32/140)

50 (15.0) Scheme 8-9A Note 5

25 (7.5) 30 (9.0) 0.80/2000 (32/185)

50 (15.0) Scheme 8-9A Note 5

30 (9.0) 50 (15.0) Scheme 8-9A Note 5


DNA 5 (1.5) 15 (4.5) 0.30/2000 (12/185)

25 (7.5) 0.60/1500 (24/140)

30 (9.0) 0.80/1500 (32/140)

35 (10.5) 0.80/2500 (32/230)

50 (15.0) Scheme 8-9A Note 5

10 (3.0) 15 (4.5) 0.60/1500 (24/140)

30 (9.0) 0.80/1500 (32/140)

35 (10.5) 0.80/2500 (32/230)

50 (15.0) Scheme 8-9A Note 5

15 (4.5) 20 (6.0) 0.80/1500 (32/140)

35 (10.5) 0.80/2500 (32/230)

50 (15.0) Scheme 8-9A Note 5

20 (6.0) 30 (9.0) 0.80/2500 (32/230)

50 (15.0) Scheme 8-9A Note 5

30 (9.0) 50 (15.0) Scheme 8-9A Note 5

Note 5: See Section 2.3.7.2 for details concerning Fire Protection Scheme 8-9A.



Table 2.3.7.3(z) CMDA Sprinklers Installed on a Dry System for Solid-Piled, Palletized, Shelf and Bin-Box Storage


FavorableFactors



Ceiling Sprinkler Design, Dry-PipeSystemsK-factor 16.8 (240) A.S., 280°F (140°C)K-factor 14.0 (200) A.S., 280°F (140°C)K-factor 11.2 (160) A.S., 280°F (140°C)Density/Area, gpm/ft2/ft2 (mm/min/m2)

Class 1and 2

DNA DNA 25 (7.5) 45 (13.5) 0.30/2600 (12/240)

50 (15.0) 0.35/2600 (14/240)

30 (9.0) 50 (15.0) 0.35/2600 (14/240)

Class 3 DNA DNA 25 (7.5) 45 (13.5) 0.30/2600 (12/240)

50 (15.0) 0.45/2600 (18/240)

30 (9.0) 50 (15.0) 0.45/2600 (18/240)

Class 4 DNA DNA 20 (6.0) 40 (12.0) 0.30/2600 (12/240)

45 (13.5) 0.40/2600 (16/240)

50 (15.0) 0.60/2600 (24/240)

25 (7.5) 45 (13.5) 0.40/2600 (16/240)

50 (15.0) 0.60/2600 (24/240)

30 (9.0) 50 (15.0) 0.60/2600 (24/240)


Yes 10 (3.0) 30 (9.0) 0.30/2600 (12/240)

35 (10.5) 0.60/2000 (24/185)

40 (12.0) 0.80/2000 (32/185)

50 (15.0) Scheme 8-9A Note 5

15 (4.5) 20 (6.0) 0.45/2600 (18/240)

35 (10.5) 0.60/2000 (24/185)

40 (12.0) 0.80/2000 (32/185)

50 (15.0) Scheme 8-9A Note 5

20 (6.0) 25 (7.5) 0.60/2000 (24/185)

40 (12.0) 0.80/2000 (32/185)

50 (15.0) Scheme 8-9A Note 5

25 (7.5) 30 (9.0) 0.80/2000 (32/185)

50 (15.0) Scheme 8-9A Note 5

30 (9.0) 50 (15.0) Scheme 8-9A Note 5


No 10 (3.0) 15 (4.5) 0.30/2600 (12/240)

30 (9.0) 0.45/2600 (18/240)

40 (12.0) 0.80/2000 (32/185)

50 (15.0) Scheme 8-9A Note 5

15 (4.5) 20 (6.0) 0.45/2600 (18/240)

40 (12.0) 0.80/2000 (32/185)

50 (15.0) Scheme 8-9A Note 5

20 (6.0) 40 (12.0) 0.80/2000 (32/185)

50 (15.0) Scheme 8-9A Note 5

25 (7.5) 30 (9.0) 0.80/2600 (32/240)

50 (15.0) Scheme 8-9A Note 5

30 (9.0) 50 (15.0) Scheme 8-9A Note 5


Yes 10 (3.0) 15 (4.5) 0.30/2500 (12/230)

30 (9.0) 0.45/2000 (18/185)

40 (12.0) 0.80/1500 (32/140)

50 (15.0) Scheme 8-9A Note 5

15 (4.5) 20 (6.0) 0.60/1500 (24/140)

40 (12.0) 0.80/1500 (32/140)

50 (15.0) Scheme 8-9A Note 5

20 (6.0) 40 (12.0) 0.80/1500 (32/140)

50 (15.0) Scheme 8-9A Note 5

25 (7.5) 30 (9.0) 0.80/2000 (32/185)

50 (15.0) Scheme 8-9A Note 5

30 (9.0) 50 (15.0) Scheme 8-9A Note 5




FavorableFactors



Ceiling Sprinkler Design, Dry-PipeSystemsK-factor 16.8 (240) A.S., 280°F (140°C)K-factor 14.0 (200) A.S., 280°F (140°C)K-factor 11.2 (160) A.S., 280°F (140°C)Density/Area, gpm/ft2/ft2 (mm/min/m2)


No 10 (3.0) 15 (4.5) 0.30/2500 (12/230)

30 (9.0) 0.60/1500 (24/140)

40 (12.0) 0.80/1500 (32/140)

50 (15.0) Scheme 8-9A Note 5

15 (4.5) 20 (6.0) 0.60/1500 (24/140)

40 (12.0) 0.80/1500 (32/140)

50 (15.0) Scheme 8-9A Note 5

20 (6.0) 40 (12.0) 0.80/1500 (32/140)

50 (15.0) Scheme 8-9A Note 5

25 (7.5) 30 (9.0) 0.80/2000 (32/185)

50 (15.0) Scheme 8-9A Note 5

30 (9.0) 50 (15.0) Scheme 8-9A Note 5


DNA 5 (1.5) 15 (4.5) 0.30/2600 (12/240)

25 (7.5) 0.60/2000 (24/185)

30 (9.0) 0.80/2000 (32/185)

35 (10.5) 0.80/3300 (32/300)

50 (15.0) Scheme 8-9A Note 5

10 (3.0) 15 (4.5) 0.60/2000 (24/185)

30 (9.0) 0.80/2000 (32/185)

35 (10.5) 0.80/3300 (32/300)

50 (15.0) Scheme 8-9A Note 5

15 (4.5) 20 (6.0) 0.80/2000 (32/185)

35 (10.5) 0.80/3300 (32/300)

50 (15.0) Scheme 8-9A Note 5

20 (6.0) 30 (9.0) 0.80/3300 (32/300)

50 (15.0) Scheme 8-9A Note 5

30 (9.0) 50 (15.0) Scheme 8-9A Note 5




Fig. 2.3.7.3(a) In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2 and 3 commodities, single-row racks withopen shelves, height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m)



Fig. 2.3.7.3(a)HB In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2 and 3 commodities, single-row racks withopen shelves and equipped with horizontal barriers, height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m)



Fig. 2.3.7.3(b) In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 commodities, cartoned plastics anduncartoned unexpanded plastics, single-row racks with open shelves or solid shelves

20-64 ft2 (2.0-6.0 m2), height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m)



Fig. 2.3.7.3(b)HB In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 commodities, cartoned plastics anduncartoned unexpanded plastics, single-row racks with open shelves or solid shelves

20-64 ft2 (2.0-6.0 m2) and equipped with horizontal barries, height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m)



Fig. 2.3.7.3(c)S64 In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 commodities, all cartoned and uncartoned plastics,single-row racks with solid shelves greater than 64 ft2 (6.0 m2), height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m)



Fig. 2.3.7.3(d) In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 commodities,single-row racks with open shelves, height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m)



Fig. 2.3.7.3(d)HB In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 commodities,single-row racks with open shelves and equipped with horizontal barries, height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m)



Fig. 2.3.7.3(e) In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 commodities and all cartoned and uncartoned plastics,single-row racks with open shelves or solid shelves 20-64 ft2 (2.0-6.0 m2), height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m)



Fig. 2.3.7.3(e)HB In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 commodities and all cartoned anduncartoned plastics, single-row racks with open shelves or solid shelves 20-64 ft2 (2.0-6.0 m2),

equipped with horizontal barriers, height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m)



Fig. 2.3.7.3(f) In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2 and 3 commodities, double-row racks withopen shelves, height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m)



Fig. 2.3.7.3(f)HB In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2 and 3 commodities, double row-rackswith open shelves and equipped with horizontal barriers, height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m)



Fig. 2.3.7.3(g) In-rack sprinkler arrangement on a wet-system only, Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 commodities and cartoned plastics,double-row racks 9 ft (2.7 m) wide or less with open shelves, height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m)



Fig. 2.3.7.3(h) Quick-response in-rack sprinkler arrangement on a wet-system only, Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 commodities andcartoned plastics, double-row racks 9 ft (2.7 m) wide or less with open shelves, height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m)



Fig. 2.3.7.3(i) In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 commodities, cartoned plastics anduncartoned unexpanded plastics, double-row racks with open shelves or solid shelves 20-64 ft2 (2.0-6.0 m2) ,

height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m)



Fig. 2.3.7.3(i)HB In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 commodities, cartoned plastics anduncartoned unexpanded plastics, double-row racks with open shelves or solid shelves 20-64 ft2 (2.0-6.0 m2),

equipped with horizontal barries, height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m)



Fig. 2.3.7.3(j)S64 In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 commodities and all cartoned and uncartoned plastics,double-row racks with solid shelves greater than 64 ft2 (6.0 m2) , height storage over 25 ft (7.5 m)



Fig. 2.3.7.3(k) In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 commodities, double-row rackswith open shelves, height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m)



Fig. 2.3.7.3(k)HB In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 commodities, double-row rackswith open shelves and equipped with horizontal barriers, height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m)



Fig. 2.3.7.3(l) In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 commodities and all cartoned and uncartoned plastics,double-row racks with open shelves or solid shelves 20-64 ft2 (2.0-6.0 m2), height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m)



Fig. 2.3.7.3(l)HB In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 commodities and all cartoned anduncartoned plastics, double-row racks with open shelves or solid shelves 20-64 ft2 (2.0-6.0 m2),

equipped with horizontal barries, height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m)



Fig. 2.3.7.3(m) In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2 and 3 commodities, multiple-row rackswith open shelves, height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m)



Fig. 2.3.7.3(m)HB In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2 and 3 commodities, multiple-row rackswith open shelves and equipped with horizontal barriers, height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m)



Fig. 2.3.7.3(n) In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 commodities, cartoned plasticsand uncartoned unexpanded plastics, multiple-row racks with open shelves or solid shelves

20-64 ft2 (2.0-6.0 m2), height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m)



Fig. 2.3.7.3(n)HB In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 commodities, cartoned plasticsand uncartoned unexpanded plastics, multiple-row racks with open shelves or solid shelves20-64 ft2 (2.0-6.0 m2), equipped with horizontal barriers, height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m)



Fig. 2.3.7.3(o)S64 In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 commodities and all cartoned and uncartoned plastics,multiple-row racks with solid shelves greater than 64 ft2 (6.0 m2), height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m)



Fig. 2.3.7.3(p) In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 commodities, multiple-row rackswith open shelves, height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m)



Fig. 2.3.7.3(p)HB In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 commodities, multiple-row rackswith open shelves and equipped with horizontal barriers, height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m)



Fig. 2.3.7.3(q) In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 commodities and all cartoned and uncartoned plastics,multiple-row racks with open shelves or solid shelves 20-64 ft2 (2.0-6.0 m2), height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m)



Fig. 2.3.7.3(q)HB In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 commodities and all cartonedand uncartoned plastics, multiple-row racks with open shelves or solid shelves

20-64 ft2 (2.0-6.0 m2), equipped with horizontal barriers, height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m)



Fig. 2.3.7.3(r)HB In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1,2,3 and 4 commodities, cartonedplastics and uncartoned unexpanded plastics, double-row racks with open shelves,

equipped with horizontal barriers, height of storage over 25 ft (7.5 m) (7.5 m)



2.3.7.4 CMSA Sprinklers

The protection options using CMSA sprinklers are provided in Tables 2.3.7.4(a) through 2.3.7.4(n) as follows:

• Tables 2.3.7.4(a) through 2.3.7.4(l) apply to rack storage.

• Tables 2.3.7.4(m) and 2.3.7.4(n) apply to solid-piled, palletized, shelf, and bin-box storage arrangements.

Do not interpolate or make any adjustments to the indicated values obtained from these tables.

Once a design is determined, refer to Sections 2.3.5 and 2.3.6 to determine the required hose streamallowance and duration for the chosen protection scheme. If in-rack sprinklers are needed, see Sections2.3.4.2.1 through 2.3.4.2.3 for their proper spacing, positioning, and location, and Section 2.3.4.3 for theirdesign criteria. Additional information regarding ceiling and in-rack sprinklers can be found in Sections 2.3.3and 2.3.4 respectively.

The CMSA protection tables for solid-piled, palletized, shelf and bin-box storage arrangements provideceiling-level sprinkler protection options for storage heights up to 30 ft (9.0 m) in buildings up to 50 ft (15.0m) high. In addition, the CMSA protection tables for all rack storage arrangements provide ceiling-levelsprinkler protection options for storage heights up to 25 ft (7.5 m) in buildings up to 45 ft (13.5 m) high.

Table 2.3.7.4(a) CMSA Sprinklers Installed on a Wet System for Rack Storage of Class 1 and 2 Commodities



Class 1 and 2 Commodities in SRR, DRR and MRR

K-factor 11.2 (160) A.S., 160°F (70°C) on a Wet-System, No. A.S. Pressure, psi (bar)



(2.0 m2)

Solid Shelves20 to 64 ft2 (2.0to 6.0 m2)

Solid ShelvesGreater than64 ft2 (6.0 m2)


(2.0 m2)



15 (4.5) 35 (10.5) 15 @ 25 (1.7) 15 @ 25 (1.7) 15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 15 (1.0) 15 @ 15 (1.0) 15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

40 (12.0) 15 @ 25 (1.7) 15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 15 (1.0) 15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

45 (13.5) 20 @ 40 (2.8) 15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

20 @ 20 (1.4) 15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)15 @ 25 (1.7) &

IRAS(EO)15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(EO)

20 (6.0) 40 (12.0) 15 @ 25 (1.7) 15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 15 (1.0) 15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

45 (13.5) 20 @ 40 (2.8) 15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

20 @ 20 (1.4) 15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)15 @ 25 (1.7) &

IRAS(EO)15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(EO)

25 (7.5) 45 (13.5) 20 @ 40 (2.8) 15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

20 @ 20 (1.4) 15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)15 @ 25 (1.7) &

IRAS(EO)15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(EO)

35 (10.5) 40 (12.0) 36 @ 55 (3.8)Note 6

DNA DNA 36 @ 22 (1.5)Note 6

DNA DNA

20 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(EO)

20 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

Note 6: This design is based on the most remote 6 sprinklers on the most remote 6 branchlines.



Table 2.3.7.4(b) CMSA Sprinklers Installed on a Dry System for Rack Storage of Class 1 and 2 Commodities



Class 1 and 2 Commodities in SRR, DRR and MRR

K-factor 11.2 (160) A.S., 280°F (140°C) on a Dry-System, No. A.S. Pressure, psi (bar)



(2.0 m2)




(2.0 m2)



15 (4.5) 35 (10.5) 25 @ 25 (1.7) 25 @ 25 (1.7) 25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

25 @ 15 (1.0) 25 @ 15 (1.0) 25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

40 (12.0) 25 @ 25 (1.7) 25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

25 @ 15 (1.0) 25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

45 (13.5) 30 @ 40 (2.8) 25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

30 @ 20 (1.4) 25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)25 @ 25 (1.7) &

IRAS(EO)25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(EO)

20 (6.0) 40 (12.0) 25 @ 25 (1.7) 25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

25 @ 15 (1.0) 25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

45 (13.5) 30 @ 40 (2.8) 25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

30 @ 20 (1.4) 25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)25 @ 25 (1.7) &

IRAS(EO)25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(EO)

25 (7.5) 45 (13.5) 30 @ 40 (2.8) 25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

30 @ 20 (1.4) 25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)25 @ 25 (1.7) &

IRAS(EO)25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(EO)

35 (10.5) 40 (12.0) 36 @ 55 (3.8)Note 7

DNA DNA 36 @ 22 (1.5)Note 7

DNA DNA

30 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(EO)

30 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

Note 7: This design is based on the most remote 6 sprinklers on the most remote 6 branchlines. This design is based on full-scale fire testingconducted by FM Global. Specifics of the testing and the type of sprinkler system used are confidential and can only be discussed withFM Global clients. Any sprinkler system using this design must be reviewed by FM Global (this service only available to FM Global clients)and found to be in full compliance with all applicable FM Global guidelines in order to be considered acceptable for insurance purposes.



Table 2.3.7.4(c) CMSA Sprinklers Installed on a Wet System for Rack Storage of Class 3 Commodities



Class 3 Commodities in SRR, DRR and MRR




(2.0 m2)




(2.0 m2)



15 (4.5) 35 (10.5) 15 @ 25 (1.7) 15 @ 25 (1.7) 15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 15 (1.0) 15 @ 15 (1.0) 15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

40 (12.0) 15 @ 25 (1.7) 15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 15 (1.0) 15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

45 (13.5) 15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

20 (6.0) 40 (12.0) 15 @ 25 (1.7) 15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 15 (1.0) 15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

45 (13.5) 15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

25 (7.5) 30 (9.0) 20 @ 50 (3.5) 15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 22 (1.5) 15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)15 @ 25 (1.7) &

IRAS(EO)15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(EO)

40 (12.0) 20 @ 50 (3.5) 15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

20 @ 22 (1.5) 15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)15 @ 25 (1.7) &

IRAS(EO)15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(EO)

45 (13.5) 15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)



Table 2.3.7.4(d) CMSA Sprinklers Installed on a Dry System for Rack Storage of Class 3 Commodities







(2.0 m2)




(2.0 m2)



15 (4.5) 35 (10.5) 25 @ 25 (1.7) 25 @ 25 (1.7) 25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

25 @ 15 (1.0) 25 @ 15 (1.0) 25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

40 (12.0) 25 @ 25 (1.7) 25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

25 @ 15 (1.0) 25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

45 (13.5) 25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

20 (6.0) 40 (12.0) 25 @ 25 (1.7) 25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

25 @ 15 (1.0) 25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

45 (13.5) 25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

25 (7.5) 45 (13.5) 25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)



Table 2.3.7.4(e) CMSA Sprinklers Installed on a Wet System for Rack Storage of Class 4 Commodities







(2.0 m2)




(2.0 m2)



15 (4.5) 20 (6.0) 15 @ 25 (1.7) 15 @ 25 (1.7) 15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 15 (1.0) 15 @ 15 (1.0) 15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

30 (9.0) 15 @ 50 (3.5) 15 @ 50 (3.5) 15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 22 (1.5) 15 @ 22 (1.5) 15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)15 @ 25 (1.7) &

IRAS(EO)15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(EO)

35 (10.5) 15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

40 (12.0) 15 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

45 (13.5) 15 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &2 IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &2 IRAS(E)

20 (6.0) 25 (7.5) 15 @ 50 (3.5) 15 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 22 (1.5) 15 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

30 (9.0) 40 @ 50 (3.5) 15 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

25 @ 22 (1.5) 15 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

40 (12.0) 15 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

45 (13.5) 20 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

20 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

20 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &2 IRAS(E)

20 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &2 IRAS(E)

25 (7.5) 30 (9.0) 15 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

25 @ 22 (1.5) 15 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &2 IRAS(E)

15 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &2 IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

45 (13.5) 20 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

20 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

20 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &2 IRAS(E)

20 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &2 IRAS(E)



Table 2.3.7.4(f) CMSA Sprinklers Installed on a Dry System for Rack Storage of Class 4 Commodities







(2.0 m2)




(2.0 m2)



15 (4.5) 20 (6.0) 25 @ 25 (1.7) 25 @ 25 (1.7) 25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

25 @ 15 (1.0) 25 @ 15 (1.0) 25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

30 (9.0) 25 @ 50 (3.5) 25 @ 50 (3.5) 25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

25 @ 22 (1.5) 25 @ 22 (1.5) 25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)25 @ 25 (1.7) &

IRAS(EO)25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(EO)

35 (10.5) 25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

40 (12.0) 25 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

25 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

45 (13.5) 25 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

25 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &2 IRAS(E)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &2 IRAS(E)

20 (6.0) 25 (7.5) 25 @ 50 (3.5) 25 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

25 @ 22 (1.5) 25 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

30 (9.0) 25 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

25 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

40 (12.0) 25 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

25 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

45 (13.5) 30 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

30 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

30 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &2 IRAS(E)

30 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &2 IRAS(E)

25 (7.5) 30 (9.0) 25 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

40 @ 22 (1.5) 25 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &2 IRAS(E)

25 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &2 IRAS(E)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

45 (13.5) 30 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

30 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

30 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &2 IRAS(E)

30 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &2 IRAS(E)



Table 2.3.7.4(g) CMSA Sprinklers Installed on a Wet System for Rack Storage ofCartoned Unexpanded Plastic and Cartoned Expanded Plastic Commodities



Cartoned Unexpanded Plastic and Cartoned Expanded Plastic in SRR, DRR and MRR




(2.0 m2)




(2.0 m2)



10 (3.0) 20 (6.0) 15 @ 25 (1.7) 15 @ 25 (1.7) 15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 15 (1.0) 15 @ 15 (1.0) 15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

30 (9.0) 15 @ 50 (3.5) 15 @ 50 (3.5) 15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 22 (1.5) 15 @ 22 (1.5) 15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)15 @ 25 (1.7) &

IRAS(EO)15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(EO)

35 (10.5) 15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

45 (13.5) 15 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

15 (4.5) 20 (6.0) 15 @ 25 (1.7) 15 @ 25 (1.7) 15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 15 (1.0) 15 @ 15 (1.0) 15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

25 (7.5) 15 @ 50 (3.5) 15 @ 50 (3.5) 15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 22 (1.5) 15 @ 22 (1.5) 15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)15 @ 25 (1.7) &

IRAS(EO)15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(EO)

30 (9.0) 30 @ 50 (3.5) 30 @ 50 (3.5) 15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

25 @ 22 (1.5) 30 @ 22 (1.5) 15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)15 @ 25 (1.7) &

IRAS(EO)15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(EO)

35 (10.5) 15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

40 (12.0) 15 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

45 (13.5) 30 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

30 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &2 IRAS(E)

15 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &2 IRAS(E)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &2 IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &2 IRAS(E)

20 (6.0) 25 (7.5) 15 @ 50 (3.5) 15 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 22 (1.5) 15 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

30 (9.0) 40 @ 50 (3.5) 15 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

25 @ 22 (1.5) 15 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

40 (12.0) 15 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

45 (13.5) 30 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

30 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &2 IRAS(E)

15 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &2 IRAS(E)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &2 IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &2 IRAS(E)









(2.0 m2)




(2.0 m2)



25 (7.5) 30 (9.0) 15 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

25 @ 22 (1.5) 15 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &2 IRAS(E)

15 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &2 IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

45 (13.5) 30 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

30 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &2 IRAS(E)

15 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &2 IRAS(E)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &2 IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &2 IRAS(E)



Table 2.3.7.4(h) CMSA Sprinklers Installed on a Dry System for Rack Storage of CartonedUnexpanded Plastic and Cartoned Expanded Plastic Commodities







(2.0 m2)




(2.0 m2)



10 (3.0) 20 (6.0) 25 @ 25 (1.7) 25 @ 25 (1.7) 25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

25 @ 15 (1.0) 25 @ 15 (1.0) 25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

30 (9.0) 25 @ 50 (3.5) 25 @ 50 (3.5) 25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

25 @ 22 (1.5) 25 @ 22 (1.5) 25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)25 @ 25 (1.7) &

IRAS(EO)25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(EO)

35 (10.5) 25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

45 (13.5) 25 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

25 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

15 (4.5) 20 (6.0) 25 @ 25 (1.7) 25 @ 25 (1.7) 25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

25 @ 15 (1.0) 25 @ 15 (1.0) 25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

25 (7.5) 25 @ 50 (3.5) 25 @ 50 (3.5) 25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

25 @ 22 (1.5) 25 @ 22 (1.5) 25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)25 @ 25 (1.7) &

IRAS(EO)25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(EO)

30 (9.0) 40 @ 50 (3.5) 40 @ 50 (3.5) 25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

40 @ 22 (1.5) 40 @ 22 (1.5) 25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)25 @ 25 (1.7) &

IRAS(EO)25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(EO)

35 (10.5) 25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

40 (12.0) 25 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

25 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

45 (13.5) 40 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

40 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

25 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &2 IRAS(E)

25 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &2 IRAS(E)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &2 IRAS(E)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &2 IRAS(E)

20 (6.0) 25 (7.5) 25 @ 50 (3.5) 25 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

25 @ 22 (1.5) 25 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

30 (9.0) 25 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

40 @ 22 (1.5) 25 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

40 (12.0) 25 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

25 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

45 (13.5) 40 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

40 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

25 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &2 IRAS(E)

25 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &2 IRAS(E)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &2 IRAS(E)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &2 IRAS(E)









(2.0 m2)




(2.0 m2)



25 (7.5) 30 (9.0) 25 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

40 @ 22 (1.5) 25 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &2 IRAS(E)

25 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &2 IRAS(E)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

45 (13.5) 40 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

40 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

25 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &2 IRAS(E)

25 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &2 IRAS(E)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &2 IRAS(E)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &2 IRAS(E)



Table 2.3.7.4(i) CMSA Sprinklers Installed on a Wet System for Rack Storage of Uncartoned Unexpanded Plastic



Uncartoned Unexpanded Plastic in SRR, DRR and MRR




(2.0 m2)




(2.0 m2)



10 (3.0) 20 (6.0) 25 @ 50 (3.5) 25 @ 50 (3.5) 15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

25 @ 22 (1.5) 25 @ 22 (1.5) 15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)15 @ 25 (1.7) &

IRAS(EO)15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(EO)

25 (7.5) 25 @ 50 (3.5) 25 @ 50 (3.5) 15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

25 @ 22 (1.5) 25 @ 22 (1.5) 15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)15 @ 50 (3.5) &

IRAS(EO)15 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

40 (12.0) 15 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

45 (13.5) 15 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

15 (4.5) 20 (6.0) 15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

40 (12.0) 15 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

45 (13.5) 30 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

30 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &2 IRAS(E)

15 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &2 IRAS(E)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &2 IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &2 IRAS(E)

20 (6.0) 30 (9.0) 15 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

45 (13.5) 25 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

25 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &2 IRAS(E)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &2 IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &2 IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &2 IRAS(E)

25 (7.5) 35 (10.5) 15 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &2 IRAS(E)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &2 IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &2 IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &2 IRAS(E)

45 (13.5) 25 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

25 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &2 IRAS(E)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &2 IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &2 IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &2 IRAS(E)



Table 2.3.7.4(j) CMSA Sprinklers Installed on a Dry System for Rack Storage of Uncartoned Unexpanded Plastic



Uncartoned Unexpanded Plastic in SRR, DRR and MRR




(2.0 m2)




(2.0 m2)



10 (3.0) 20 (6.0) 25 @ 50 (3.5) 25 @ 50 (3.5) 15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

25 @ 22 (1.5) 25 @ 22 (1.5) 15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)15 @ 25 (1.7) &

IRAS(EO)15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(EO)

25 (7.5) 25 @ 50 (3.5) 25 @ 50 (3.5) 15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

25 @ 22 (1.5) 25 @ 22 (1.5) 15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)15 @ 50 (3.5) &

IRAS(EO)15 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

40 (12.0) 15 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

45 (13.5) 15 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

15 (4.5) 20 (6.0) 15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

40 (12.0) 15 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

45 (13.5) 30 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

30 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &2 IRAS(E)

15 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &2 IRAS(E)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &2 IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &2 IRAS(E)

20 (6.0) 30 (9.0) 15 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

45 (13.5) 25 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

25 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &2 IRAS(E)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &2 IRAS(E)

15 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &2 IRAS(E)

25 (7.5) 35 (10.5) 15 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &2 IRAS(E)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &2 IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &2 IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &2 IRAS(E)

45 (13.5) 25 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

25 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &2 IRAS(E)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &2 IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &2 IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &2 IRAS(E)



Table 2.3.7.4(k) CMSA Sprinklers Installed on a Wet System for Rack Storage of Uncartoned Expanded Plastic



Uncartoned Expanded Plastic in SRR, DRR and MRR




(2.0 m2)




(2.0 m2)



10 (3.0) 20 (6.0) 25 @ 50 (3.5) 25 @ 50 (3.5) 15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

25 @ 22 (1.5) 25 @ 22 (1.5) 15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)15 @ 25 (1.7) &

IRAS(EO)15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(EO)

25 (7.5) 25 @ 50 (3.5) 25 @ 50 (3.5) 15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

25 @ 22 (1.5) 25 @ 22 (1.5) 15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)15 @ 50 (3.5) &

IRAS (EO)15 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS (EO)

15 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS (EO)

15 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS (EO)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

35 (10.5) 15 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

40 (12.0) 20 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

20 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

20 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

20 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

20 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

20 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

20 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

20 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

20 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

20 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

45 (13.5) 25 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(ETL)

25 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(ETL)

15 (4.5) 35 (10.5) 15 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

20 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

20 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

40 (12.0) 20 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

20 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

20 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

20 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

20 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

20 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

20 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

20 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

20 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

20 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

45 (13.5) 25 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(E)

20 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

25 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(E)

20 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

20 @ 25 (1.7) &2 IRAS(E)

20 @ 25 (1.7) &2 IRAS(E)

20 @ 15 (1.0) &2 IRAS(E)

20 @ 15 (1.0) &2 IRAS(E)

20 (6.0) 30 (9.0) 20 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

20 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

20 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

20 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

45 (13.5) 25 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

25 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &2 IRAS(E)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &2 IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &2 IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &2 IRAS(E)

25 (7.5) 35 (10.5) 20 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(E)

20 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

20 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(E)

20 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &2 IRAS(E)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &2 IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &2 IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &2 IRAS(E)

45 (13.5) 25 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

25 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &2 IRAS(E)

15 @ 25 (1.7) &2 IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &2 IRAS(E)

15 @ 15 (1.0) &2 IRAS(E)



Table 2.3.7.4(l) CMSA Sprinklers Installed on a Dry System for Rack Storage of Uncartoned Expanded Plastic



Uncartoned Expanded Plastic in SRR, DRR and MRR




(2.0 m2)




(2.0 m2)



10 (3.0) 20 (6.0) 40 @ 50 (3.5) 40 @ 50 (3.5) 25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

40 @ 22 (1.5) 40 @ 22 (1.5) 25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)25 @ 25 (1.7) &

IRAS(EO)25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(EO)

25 (7.5) 40 @ 50 (3.5) 40 @ 50 (3.5) 25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

40 @ 22 (1.5) 40 @ 22 (1.5) 25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)25 @ 50 (3.5) &

IRAS (EO)25 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS (EO)

25 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS (EO)

25 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS (EO)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

35 (10.5) 25 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

25 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

40 (12.0) 30 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

30 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

30 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

30 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

30 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

30 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

30 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

30 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

30 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

30 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

45 (13.5) 40 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(E)

40 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(E)

40 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(ETL)

40 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(E)

40 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(E)

40 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(ETL)

15 (4.5) 35 (10.5) 25 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

30 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

25 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

30 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

40 (12.0) 30 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

30 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

30 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

30 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

30 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

30 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

30 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

30 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

30 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

30 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

45 (13.5) 40 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(E)

40 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(E)

30 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

40 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(E)

40 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(E)

30 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

30 @ 25 (1.7) &2 IRAS(E)

30 @ 25 (1.7) &2 IRAS(E)

30 @ 15 (1.0) &2 IRAS(E)

30 @ 15 (1.0) &2 IRAS(E)

20 (6.0) 30 (9.0) 30 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

30 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

30 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

30 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(EO)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(E)

45 (13.5) 40 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(E)

40 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

40 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(E)

40 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &2 IRAS(E)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &2 IRAS(E)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &2 IRAS(E)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &2 IRAS(E)

25 (7.5) 35 (10.5) 30 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(E)

30 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

30 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(E)

30 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &2 IRAS(E)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &2 IRAS(E)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &2 IRAS(E)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &2 IRAS(E)

45 (13.5) 40 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(E)

40 @ 50 (3.5) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &IRAS(ETL)

40 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(E)

40 @ 22 (1.5) &IRAS(E)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &IRAS(ETL)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &2 IRAS(E)

25 @ 25 (1.7) &2 IRAS(E)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &2 IRAS(E)

25 @ 15 (1.0) &2 IRAS(E)



Table 2.3.7.4(m) CMSA Sprinklers Installed on a Wet System for Solid-Piled, Palletized, Shelf and Bin-Box Storage




Ceiling SprinklerDesign, Wet-PipeSystemK-factor 11.2 (160)A.S., 160°F (70°C);No. A.S. Pressure,psi (bar)

Ceiling SprinklerDesign, Wet-PipeSystemK-factor 16.8 (240)A.S., 160°F (70°C);No. A.S. Pressure,psi (bar)

Class 1and 2

DNA 30 (9.0) 50 (15.0) 15 @ 25 (1.7) 15 @ 15 (1.0)35 (10.5) 40 (12.0) 36 @ 55 (3.8) Note 6 36 @ 22 (1.5) Note 6

Class 3 DNA 30 (9.0) 50 (15.0) 15 @ 25 (1.7) 15 @ 15 (1.0)Class 4 DNA 15 35 (10.5) 15 @ 25 (1.7) 15 @ 15 (1.0)

45 (13.5) 20 @ 25 (1.7) 20 @ 15 (1.0)15 @ 50 (3.5) 15 @ 22 (1.5)

50 (15.0) 20 @ 50 (3.5) 20 @ 22 (1.5)25 (7.5) 45 (13.5) 20 @ 25 (1.7) 20 @ 15 (1.0)

15 @ 50 (3.5) 15 @ 22 (1.5)50 (15.0) 20 @ 50 (3.5) 20 @ 22 (1.5)

30 (9.0) 50 (15.0) 20 @ 50 (3.5) 20 @ 22 (1.5)Plastics Cartoned

Unexpanded,CartonedExpanded,UncartonedUnexpanded

10 (3.0) 30 (9.0) 15 @ 25 (1.7) 15 @ 15 (1.0)40 (12.0) 15 @ 50 (3.5) 15 @ 22 (1.5)50 (15.0) Scheme 8-9A Note 5 Scheme 8-9A Note 5


20 (6.0) 40 (12.0) 15 @ 50 (3.5) 15 @ 22 (1.5)50 (15.0) Scheme 8-9A Note 5 Scheme 8-9A Note 5



10 (3.0) 15 (4.5) 15 @ 25 (1.7) 15 @ 15 (1.0)30 (9.0) 15 @ 50 (3.5) 15 @ 22 (1.5)35 (10.5) 25 @ 50 (3.5) 25 @ 22 (1.5)50 (15.0) Scheme 8-9A Note 5 Scheme 8-9A Note 5




Note 6: This design is based on the most remote 6 sprinklers on the most remote 6 branchlines.



Table 2.3.7.4(n) CMSA Sprinklers Installed on a Dry System for Solid-Piled, Palletized, Shelf and Bin-Box Storage

Commodity Plastics Type/Packaging



Ceiling Sprinkler Design,Dry-Pipe SystemK-factor 11.2 (160) A.S.,280°F (140°C);No. A.S. Pressure,psi (bar)

Ceiling Sprinkler Design,Dry-Pipe SystemK-factor 16.8 (240) A.S.,280°F (140°C);No. A.S. Pressure,psi (bar)

Class 1 and 2 DNA 30 (9.0) 50 (15.0) 25 @ 25 (1.7) 25 @ 15 (1.0)35 (10.5) 40 (12.0) 36 @ 55 (3.8) Note 7 36 @ 22 (1.5) Note 7

Class 3 DNA 30 (9.0) 50 (15.0) 25 @ 25 (1.7) 25 @ 15 (1.0)Class 4 DNA 25 (7.5) 45 (13.5) 25 @ 25 (1.7) 25 @ 15 (1.0)

50 (15.0) 25 @ 50 (3.5) 25 @ 22 (1.5)30 (9.0) 50 (15.0) 25 @ 50 (3.5) 25 @ 22 (1.5)












10 (3.0) 15 (4.5) 25 @ 25 (1.7) 25 @ 15 (1.0)30 (9.0) 25 @ 50 (3.5) 25 @ 22 (1.5)35 (10.5) 36 @ 50 (3.5) 36 @ 22 (1.5)50 (15.0) Scheme 8-9A Note 5 Scheme 8-9A Note 5




Note 7: This design is based on the most remote 6 sprinklers on the most remote 6 branchlines. This design is based on full-scale fire testingconducted by FM Global. Specifics of the testing and the type of sprinkler system used are confidential and can only be discussed withFM Global clients. Any sprinkler system using this design must be reviewed by FM Global (this service only available to FM Global clients)and found to be in full compliance with all applicable FM Global guidelines in order to be considered acceptable for insurance purposes.



2.3.7.5 Suppression Mode Sprinklers

The protection options using suppression mode sprinklers are provided in Tables 2.3.7.5(a) and 2.3.7.5(b)as follows:

• Table 2.3.7.5(a) applies to rack storage.

• Table 2.3.7.5(b) applies to solid-piled, palletized, shelf, and bin-box storage arrangements.

Do not interpolate or make any adjustments to the indicated values obtained from this table.

Once a design is determined, refer to Sections 2.3.5 and 2.3.6 to determine the required hose streamallowance and duration for the chosen protection scheme. If in-rack sprinklers are needed, see Sections2.3.4.2.1 through 2.3.4.2.3 for their proper spacing, positioning, and location, and Section 2.3.4.3 for theirdesign criteria. Additional information regarding ceiling and in-rack sprinklers can be found in Sections 2.3.3and 2.3.4 respectively.



Table 2.3.7.5(a) Suppression Mode Sprinklers Installed on a Wet System for Rack Storage with Open Shelves

Commodity Plastics

Type/

Packaging

Maximum

Storage

Height,

ft (m)

Maximum

Building

Height,

ft (m)

Class 1, Class 2, Class 3, Class 4, Cartoned Unexpanded Plastics, Cartoned Expanded

Plastics, Uncartoned Unexpanded Plastics, and Uncartoned Expanded Plastics in SRR, DRR

and MRR

Wet-Pipe, No. A.S. @ Pressure, psi (bar)

K-factor 14.0

(200), 160°F

(70°C)

Upright

K-factor 14.0

(200), 160°F

(70°C)

Pendent

K-factor 16.8

(240), 160°F

(70°C)

Upright

K-factor 16.8

(240), 160°F

(70°C)

Pendent

K-factor 22.4

(320), 160°F

(70°C)

Pendent

K-factor 25.2

(360), 160°F

(70°C)

Pendent

Class 1, 2, 3,

4, Plastics

Cartoned

Unexpanded

25 (7.5) 30 (9.0) 12 @ 50

(3.5)

12 @ 50

(3.5)

12 @ 35

(2.4)

12 @ 35

(2.4)

12 @ 25

(1.7)

12 @ 20

(1.4)

35 (10.5) 12 @ 75

(5.2)

12 @ 75

(5.2)

12 @ 52

(3.6)

12 @ 52

(3.6)

12 @ 35

(2.4)

12 @ 30

(2.1)

40 (12.0) DNA 12 @ 75

(5.2)

DNA 12 @ 52

(3.6)

12 @ 45

(3.1)

12 @ 40

(2.7)

45 (13.5) DNA 12 @ 90

(6.2) &

IRAS(E)

DNA 12 @ 63

(4.3) &

IRAS(E)

12 @ 50

(3.5)

12 @ 50

(3.5)

30 (9.0) 35 (10.5) 12 @ 75

(5.2)

12 @ 75

(5.2)

12 @ 52

(3.6)

12 @ 52

(3.6)

12 @ 35

(2.4)

12 @ 30

(2.1)

40 (12.0) DNA 12 @ 75

(5.2)

DNA 12 @ 52

(3.6)

12 @ 45

(3.1)

12 @ 40

(2.7)

45 (13.5) DNA 12 @ 90

(6.2) &

IRAS(E)

DNA 12 @ 63

(4.3) &

IRAS(E)

12 @ 50

(3.5)

12 @ 50

(3.5)

35 (10.5) 40 (12.0) DNA 12 @ 75

(5.2)

DNA 12 @ 52

(3.6)

12 @ 45

(3.1)

12 @ 40

(2.7)

45 (13.5) DNA 12 @ 90

(6.2) &

IRAS(E)

DNA 12 @ 63

(4.3) &

IRAS(E)

12 @ 50

(3.5)

12 @ 50

(3.5)

40 (12.0) 45 (13.5) DNA 12 @ 90

(6.2) &

IRAS(E)

DNA 12 @ 63

(4.3) &

IRAS(E)

12 @ 50

(3.5)

12 @ 50

(3.5)

Plastics Uncartoned

Unexpanded

25 (7.5) 30 (9.0) Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

12 @ 50

(3.5)

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

12 @ 35

(2.4)

12 @ 35

(2.4)

12 @ 35

(2.4)

35 (10.5) Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

12 @ 75

(5.2)

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

12 @ 52

(3.6)

12 @ 50

(3.5)

12 @ 50

(3.5)

40 (12.0) DNA 12 @ 75

(5.2)

DNA 12 @ 60

(4.1)

12 @ 60

(4.1)

12 @ 60

(4.1)

45 (13.5) DNA 12 @ 90

(6.2) &

IRAS(E)

DNA 12 @ 63

(4.3) &

IRAS(E)

12 @ 63

(4.3) &

IRAS(E)

12 @ 63

(4.3) &

IRAS(E)

30 (9.0) 35 (10.5) Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

12 @ 75

(5.2)

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

12 @ 52

(3.6)

12 @ 50

(3.5)

12 @ 50

(3.5)

40 (12.0) DNA 12 @ 75

(5.2)

DNA 12 @ 60

(4.1)

12 @ 60

(4.1)

12 @ 60

(4.1)

45 (13.5) DNA 12 @ 90

(6.2) &

IRAS(E)

DNA 12 @ 63

(4.3) &

IRAS(E)

12 @ 63

(4.3) &

IRAS(E)

12 @ 63

(4.3) &

IRAS(E)

35 (10.5) 40 (12.0) DNA 12 @ 75

(5.2)

DNA 12 @ 60

(4.1)

12 @ 60

(4.1)

12 @ 60

(4.1)

45 (13.5) DNA 12 @ 90

(6.2) &

IRAS(E)

DNA 12 @ 63

(4.3) &

IRAS(E)

12 @ 63

(4.3) &

IRAS(E)

12 @ 63

(4.3) &

IRAS(E)

40 (12.0) 45 (13.5) DNA 12 @ 90

(6.2) &

IRAS(E)

DNA 12 @ 63

(4.3) &

IRAS(E)

12 @ 63

(4.3) &

IRAS(E)

12 @ 63

(4.3) &

IRAS(E)



Commodity Plastics

Type/

Packaging

Maximum

Storage

Height,

ft (m)

Maximum

Building

Height,

ft (m)


Plastics, Uncartoned Unexpanded Plastics, and Uncartoned Expanded Plastics in SRR, DRR

and MRR


K-factor 14.0

(200), 160°F

(70°C)

Upright

K-factor 14.0

(200), 160°F

(70°C)

Pendent

K-factor 16.8

(240), 160°F

(70°C)

Upright

K-factor 16.8

(240), 160°F

(70°C)

Pendent

K-factor 22.4

(320), 160°F

(70°C)

Pendent

K-factor 25.2

(360), 160°F

(70°C)

Pendent

Plastics Cartoned

Expanded

25 (7.5) 30 (9.0) 12 @ 50

(3.5)

12 @ 50

(3.5)

12 @ 35

(2.4)

12 @ 35

(2.4)

12 @ 35

(2.4)

12 @ 20

(1.4) Note 8

35 (10.5) Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

12 @ 60

(4.1) Note 8

40 (12.0) DNA Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

DNA Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

12 @ 60

(4.1) Note 8


Note 5

DNA Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

30 (9.0) 35 (10.5) Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

12 @ 60

(4.1) Note 8


Note 5

DNA Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

12 @ 60

(4.1) Note 8


Note 5

DNA Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

35 (10.5) 40 (12.0) DNA Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

DNA Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

12 @ 60

(4.1) Note 8


Note 5

DNA Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

40 (12.0) 45 (13.5) DNA Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

DNA Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Plastics Uncartoned

Expanded

20 (6.0) 25 (7.5) Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

12 @ 75

(5.2)

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

12 @ 52

(3.6)

12 @ 52

(3.6)

12 @ 30

(2.1) Note 8

30 (9.0) Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

12 @ 100

(6.9)

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

12 @ 70

(4.8)

12 @ 70

(4.8)

12 @ 30

(2.1) Note 8

35 (10.5) Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

20 @ 75

(5.2) Note 8


Note 5

DNA Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

20 @ 75

(5.2) Note 8


Note 5

DNA Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

25 (7.5) 30 (9.0) Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

12 @ 100

(6.9)

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

12 @ 70

(4.8)

12 @ 70

(4.8)

12 @ 30

(2.1) Note 8

35 (10.5) Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

20 @ 75

(5.2) Note 8


Note 5

DNA Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

20 @ 75

(5.2) Note 8


Note 5

DNA Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

30 (9.0) 35 (10.5) Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

20 @ 75

(5.2) Note 8


Note 5

DNA Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

20 @ 75

(5.2) Note 8


Note 5

DNA Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

35 (10.5) 40 (12.0) DNA Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

DNA Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

20 @ 75

(5.2) Note 8


Note 5

DNA Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

40 (12.0) 45 (13.5) DNA Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

DNA Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5


Note 8: The indicated design applies only to the Tyco TY9226 K25.2 (K360) sprinkler. The design for all other FM Approved K25.2 (K360)sprinklers must be based on the design requirements indicated for the K22.4 (K320) sprinkler based on the same storage and buildingheights.



Table 2.3.7.5(b) Suppression Mode Sprinklers Installed on a Wet System for Solid Piled,Palletized, Shelf and Bin-Box Storage

Commodity Plastics

Type/

Packaging

Maximum

Storage

Height,

ft (m)

Maximum

Building

Height,

ft (m)


Plastics, Uncartoned Unexpanded Plastics, and Uncartoned Expanded Plastics in Solid Piled,

Palletized, Shelf and Bin-Box


K-factor 14.0

(200), 160°F

(70°C)

Upright

K-factor 14.0

(200), 160°F

(70°C)

Pendent

K-factor 16.8

(240), 160°F

(70°C)

Upright

K-factor 16.8

(240), 160°F

(70°C)

Pendent

K-factor 22.4

(320), 160°F

(70°C)

Pendent

K-factor 25.2

(360), 160°F

(70°C)

Pendent

Class 1, 2, 3,

4, Plastics

Cartoned

Unexpanded

25 (7.5) 30 (9.0) 12 @ 50

(3.5)

12 @ 50

(3.5)

12 @ 35

(2.4)

12 @ 35

(2.4)

12 @ 25

(1.7)

12 @ 20

(1.4)

35 (10.5) 12 @ 75

(5.2)

12 @ 75

(5.2)

12 @ 52

(3.6)

12 @ 52

(3.6)

12 @ 35

(2.4)

12 @ 30

(2.1)

40 (12.0) DNA 12 @ 75

(5.2)

DNA 12 @ 52

(3.6)

12 @ 45

(3.1)

12 @ 40

(2.7)

45 (13.5) DNA 12 @ 90

(6.2)

DNA 12 @ 63

(4.3)

12 @ 50

(3.5)

12 @ 50

(3.5)

30 (9.0) 35 (10.5) 12 @ 75

(5.2)

12 @ 75

(5.2)

12 @ 52

(3.6)

12 @ 52

(3.6)

12 @ 35

(2.4)

12 @ 30

(2.1)

40 (12.0) DNA 12 @ 75

(5.2)

DNA 12 @ 52

(3.6)

12 @ 45

(3.1)

12 @ 40

(2.7)

45 (13.5) DNA 12 @ 90

(6.2)

DNA 12 @ 63

(4.3)

12 @ 50

(3.5)

12 @ 50

(3.5)

35 (10.5) 40 (12.0) DNA 12 @ 75

(5.2)

DNA 12 @ 52

(3.6)

12 @ 45

(3.1)

12 @ 40

(2.7)

45 (13.5) DNA 12 @ 90

(6.2)

DNA 12 @ 63

(4.3)

12 @ 50

(3.5)

12 @ 50

(3.5)

40 (12.0) 45 (13.5) DNA Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

DNA Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

12 @ 50

(3.5)

12 @ 50

(3.5)

Plastics Uncartoned

Unexpanded

25 (7.5) 30 (9.0) 12 @ 50

(3.5)

12 @ 50

(3.5)

12 @ 35

(2.4)

12 @ 35

(2.4)

12 @ 35

(2.4)

12 @ 35

(2.4)

35 (10.5) Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

12 @ 75

(5.2)

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

12 @ 52

(3.6)

12 @ 50

(3.5)

12 @ 50

(3.5)

40 (12.0) DNA 12 @ 75

(5.2)

DNA 12 @ 52

(3.6)

12 @ 50

(3.5)

12 @ 50

(3.5)

45 (13.5) DNA 12 @ 90

(6.2)

DNA 12 @ 63

(4.3)

12 @ 63

(4.3)

12 @ 63

(4.3)

30 (9.0) 35 (10.5) Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

12 @ 75

(5.2)

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

12 @ 52

(3.6)

12 @ 50

(3.5)

12 @ 50

(3.5)

40 (12.0) DNA 12 @ 75

(5.2)

DNA 12 @ 52

(3.6)

12 @ 50

(3.5)

12 @ 50

(3.5)

45 (13.5) DNA 12 @ 90

(6.2)

DNA 12 @ 63

(4.3)

12 @ 63

(4.3)

12 @ 63

(4.3)

35 (10.5) 40 (12.0) DNA 12 @ 75

(5.2)

DNA 12 @ 52

(3.6)

12 @ 50

(3.5)

12 @ 50

(3.5)

45 (13.5) DNA 12 @ 90

(6.2)

DNA 12 @ 63

(4.3)

12 @ 63

(4.3)

12 @ 63

(4.3)

40 (12.0) 45 (13.5) DNA 12 @ 90

(6.2)

DNA 12 @ 63

(4.3)

12 @ 63

(4.3)

12 @ 63

(4.3)



Commodity Plastics

Type/

Packaging

Maximum

Storage

Height,

ft (m)

Maximum

Building

Height,

ft (m)


Plastics, Uncartoned Unexpanded Plastics, and Uncartoned Expanded Plastics in Solid Piled,

Palletized, Shelf and Bin-Box


K-factor 14.0

(200), 160°F

(70°C)

Upright

K-factor 14.0

(200), 160°F

(70°C)

Pendent

K-factor 16.8

(240), 160°F

(70°C)

Upright

K-factor 16.8

(240), 160°F

(70°C)

Pendent

K-factor 22.4

(320), 160°F

(70°C)

Pendent

K-factor 25.2

(360), 160°F

(70°C)

Pendent

Plastics Cartoned

Expanded

25 (7.5) 30 (9.0) 12 @ 50

(3.5)

12 @ 50

(3.5)

12 @ 35

(2.4)

12 @ 35

(2.4)

12 @ 35

(2.4)

12 @ 20

(1.4) Note 8

35 (10.5) Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

12 @ 60

(4.1) Note 8


Note 5

DNA Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

12 @ 60

(4.1) Note 8


Note 5

DNA Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

30 (9.0) 35 (10.5) Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

12 @ 60

(4.1) Note 8


Note 5

DNA Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

12 @ 60

(4.1) Note 8


Note 5

DNA Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

35 (10.5) 40 (12.0) DNA Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

DNA Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

12 @ 60

(4.1) Note 8


Note 5

DNA Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

40 (12.0) 45 (13.5) DNA Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

DNA Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Plastics Uncartoned

Expanded

20 (6.0) 25 (7.5) 12 @ 50

(3.5)

12 @ 50

(3.5)

12 @ 35

(2.4)

12 @ 35

(2.4)

12 @ 25

(1.7)

12 @ 20

(1.4)

30 (9.0) Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

12 @ 100

(6.9)

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

12 @ 70

(4.8)

12 @ 70

(4.8)

12 @ 30

(2.1) Note 8

35 (10.5) Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

12 @ 60

(4.1) Note 8


Note 5

DNA Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

12 @ 60

(4.1) Note 8


Note 5

DNA Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

25 (7.5) 30 (9.0) Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

12 @ 100

(6.9)

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

12 @ 70

(4.8)

12 @ 70

(4.8)

12 @ 30

(2.1) Note 8

35 (10.5) Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

12 @ 60

(4.1) Note 8


Note 5

DNA Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

12 @ 60

(4.1) Note 8


Note 5

DNA Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

30 (9.0) 35 (10.5) Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

20 @ 75

(5.2) Note 8


Note 5

DNA Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

20 @ 75

(5.2) Note 8


Note 5

DNA Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

35 (10.5) 40 (12.0) DNA Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

DNA Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

20 @ 75

(5.2) Note 8


Note 5

DNA Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

40 (12.0) 45 (13.5) DNA Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

DNA Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5

Scheme 8-9A

Note 5


Note 8: The indicated design applies only to the Tyco TY9226 K25.2 (K360) sprinkler. The design for all other FM Approved K25.2 (K360)sprinklers must be based on the design requirements indicated for the K22.4 (K320) sprinkler based on the same storage and buildingheights.



3.0 SUPPORT FOR RECOMMENDATIONS

3.1 General

The fire protection recommendations contained in this data sheet are based on testing, loss experience,and engineering judgment. Not every situation has been tested, nor has every potential solution beenidentified. Carefully consider all the variables involved when exploring options different from those identifiedwithin this data sheet.

3.2 Loss History

Loss experience shows that, where there are no major protection defects, existing storage protectionarrangements are adequate. Major protection defects include inadequate water supplies, closed or partiallyclosed valves, obstructed sprinkler piping, missing sprinklers, and flammable liquid or aerosol protectiondeficiencies. Protection defects were identified in all storage losses where the fire was determined to beuncontrolled.

Note that storage loss experience to date has involved primarily CMDA sprinklers. Experience withsuppression mode and CMSA sprinklers is limited, due to their relatively recent development.

Some general deductions can be made from a study of rack storage losses that occurred in a recent 18-yearperiod, and in which no protection defects were identified. (Solid-piled/palletized losses have not been studiedin similar detail.) These losses involve CMDA sprinklers exclusively. The basic findings are as follows:

1. In-rack sprinklers, used in conjunction with ceiling sprinklers, are overwhelmingly successful.

2. Both damage and the number of sprinklers opened increase with higher storage/building heights.

The percentage of rack storage fires controlled by a given number of sprinklers is shown in the table below:

Number of Sprinklers Opened Percentage of Fires Controlled1 14

2 or fewer 323 or fewer 414 or fewer 495 or fewer 5410 or fewer 7725 or fewer 98

For ceiling sprinklers only, the average number of sprinklers opened was eight. For ceiling plus in-racksprinklers, the average was three ceiling and three in-rack sprinklers.

Hose stream use was identified in 87% of the incidents that operated ten or fewer sprinklers and, when hosestreams were used, they were applied either before sprinklers operated or before fire control was achievedin a little more than 50% of the cases. This strong correlation suggests early application of hose streamshas a significant effect on the average number of sprinklers that operate in rack storage fires (it would followthat this is also true for solid-piled/palletized storage fires), and that provision of small hose stations is akey element in the overall protection scheme. It is impossible to say how many catastrophic fires may havebeen prevented by early intervention using hose streams.

3.3 Illustrative Losses

3.3.1 Roll Cloth in Racks Obstruct Flue Spaces, Resulting in Extensive Fire and Water Damage

At a large textile facility, 8 to 9 ft (2.4 to 2.7 m) long, encapsulated, finished roll cloth was stored in open-framedouble-row racks up to 12 ft (3.7 m) high on the third floor of the warehouse (see Fig. C-3.3.1). The rollswere only one high per tier, and were packed tightly due to high production demands. This abutment of therolls obstructed water from penetrating into the racks and only left about a 1 in. (25 mm) flue at most of the10 ft (3.0 m) uprights. A fire started on the bottom tier and traveled down the length of the rack for 30 ft(9.0 m) in each direction before the sprinkler system achieved enough penetration to gain control of the fire.During the fire, 91 sprinklers operated, but the facility had a strong water supply with an unlimited watersource. Approximately 200 rolls of cloth were damaged by fire, and all other rolls of cloth and finished goods



in the area were damaged by smoke and water to various degrees. There was extensive water damage tofinished goods stored in a basement area in an adjoining building with wooden intermediate floors.

3.3.2 Many Loss Prevention Principles Compromised in Warehouse Fire Loss

Temporary aisle storage of palletized plastic automobile consoles, portable racked steel core steering wheelswith polyurethane foam padding and PVC skin, and palletized motor oil were introduced into an automotiveparts and accessories warehouse. In most areas of the warehouse, portable racks were stacked six highto a total height of about 20 ft (6 m). Permanent racks were 10 ft (3 m) high and usually had another 10 ft(3 m) of baskets stacked on top. Available water density was adequate to protect plastic components, storedas these parts were, only to a height of 5 ft (1.5 m).

A fire, probably caused by smoking, resulted in the largest loss FM Global had investigated up to that time.The storage was too high, the sprinkler density was too low, sprinkler orifice sizes and temperature ratingswere incorrect, temporary storage blocked the aisles, and there were no flue spaces.

3.3.3 Inadequate Sprinkler Protection Unable to Control Fire Involving Aisle Storage and Racks with SolidShelves

Clothing and shoes were stored in single-row racks from 22 to 26 ft (6.6 to 7.9 m) high. Idle pallets up to12 ft (3.7 m) high were stored in 6 ft (1.8 m) wide aisles between racks. Solid shelves were present in thelower two tiers to form picking bins. In-rack sprinklers were not provided. A fire starting in this area overtaxedthe ceiling sprinkler system. Roof collapse occurred within 20 minutes of fire discovery. Approximately200,000 ft2 (18,500 m2) of this building was destroyed.

3.3.4 Fire in High Rack-Storage Controlled by In-Rack Sprinklers

Fire in clothing stored in cartons on 16-tier, 39 ft (11.9 m) high racks was well controlled by four in-racksprinklers and one ceiling sprinkler. In-rack sprinklers were provided at four levels. Two small hoses wereneeded to complete extinguishment.

3.3.5 Lack of In-Rack Sprinklers for Racks With Solid Shelves Results in Extensive Fire Damage

Upholstered furniture was stored on cantilever racks to 15 ft (4.5 m) high. Racks were 8 ft (2.4 m) wide with56 ft2 (5.2 m2) solid plywood shelves. In-rack sprinklers were not provided. A fire starting in the rack storagequickly overtaxed ceiling sprinklers, with initial roof collapse occurring within 20 minutes of fire discovery.Approximately half of the 202 by 405 ft (60 by 120 m) building’s roof collapsed and storage burned. Roofcollapse ahead of the fire apparently hindered further fire spread by blocking flames from reaching uninvolvedareas.

3.3.6 Open-Top Containers in Racks Interfere with Sprinkler Water Penetration, Resulting in UncontrolledFire

Synthetic fiber socks were stored in cardboard ‘‘tote boxes’’ in racks 16 ft (4.8 m) high. There were eightlevels of boxes supported on metal angles in each rack. A fire started in or near the racks and water fromceiling sprinklers collected in boxes on the top levels, preventing adequate sprinkler water from penetratingthrough the racks to control the fire. A 390 by 530 ft (120 by 160 m) portion of the facility was destroyed.In-rack sprinklers were provided when the facility was rebuilt.

3.3.7 Poor Housekeeping Leads to Excessive Fire Spread

Solid-pile storage of 10 ft (3 m) high rolled and baled synthetic greige goods in burlap wrapping (a ClassIV commodity) was located in a one-story, 6800 ft2 (630 m2) section of a warehouse. There was 4 ft (1.2 m)clearance to ceiling sprinklers. Protection was by a dry-pipe sprinkler system with 100 ft2 (9.0 m2) spacingusing K5.6 (K80), 160°F (70°C) nominally rated sprinklers. The system was supplied by public water and amanually started fire pump rated at 1000 gpm (3800 l/ min) at 100 psi (6.9 bar), capable of delivering 0.16gpm/ft2 (7 mm/min) over an area of demand of 3000 ft2 (280 m2), without supplying mill use or hose streams.

The plant engineer noted a rapidly spreading fire in lint accumulations in the corner of the warehouse neara baling machine. The emergency response team (ERT) and public fire service responded within tenminutes. The fire was controlled by 68 operating sprinklers and extinguished within one hour when sprinklerswere supplemented by one large and three small hose streams. Approximately 150 bales and 200 rolls ofgreige goods were wet by the sprinkler systems. Wood building walls and roof were scorched and charred.



Weak water supplies (water supplies to sprinklers were depleted by mill use and hose streams) and lintaccumulations combined to permit excessive fire development. The manual fire pump was not started forfear of contaminating mill-use water supplies.

3.3.8 Strong Water Supply Overcomes Plugged Sprinklers

Palletized storage of 12 ft (3.7 m) high, cartoned paperboard flats (a Class III commodity) with 4 ft (1.2 m)clearance to ceiling sprinklers was in a one-story warehouse. Protection was provided by a dry-pipe sprinklersystem with 64 ft2 (6.0 m2) spacing with K5.6 (K80), 280°F (140°C) rated sprinklers. The system was suppliedby an automatic fire pump rated at 1500 gpm (5700 L/min) at 100 psi (6.9 bar) and capable of delivering0.54 gpm/ft2 (22 mm/min) over an area of demand of 2400 ft2 (225 m2).

The public fire service was notified of the storage fire 30 minutes after the alarm and achieved extinguishmentwithin one hour, using three small hoses. The 20 operating sprinklers had controlled the fire and limiteddamage to 30 pallet loads of cartoned paperboard flats and 250 ft2 (23 m2) of charred ceiling.

An investigation of the 20 open sprinklers indicated that 10 were plugged with stones. The remaining 10operating sprinklers were able to limit the fire spread because the water supplies were in excess of normalrecommended design for the array and product.

4.0 REFERENCES

4.1 FM Global

Data Sheet 1-2, EarthquakesData Sheet 1-10, Smoke and Heat Venting in Sprinklered BuildingsData Sheet 1-19, Fire Walls, Subdivision and Draft CurtainsData Sheet 2-2, Installation Rules for Suppression Mode SprinklersData Sheet 2-7, Installation Rules for Sprinkler Systems Using Control Mode Specific Application (CMSA)SprinklersData Sheet 2-8, Earthquake Protection for Water-Based Fire Protection SystemsData Sheet 2-8N, Installation of Sprinkler Systems (NFPA)Data Sheet 7-29, Flammable Liquid Storage in Portable ContainersData Sheet 8-1, Commodity ClassificationData Sheet 8-24, Idle Pallet StorageData Sheet 8-29, Refrigerated Storage

APPENDIX A GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Aisle: An aisle is the clear space of greater than 2 ft (0.6 m) normally maintained between commodities storedin racks or on the floor for the transfer of commodities to or from the rack or storage pile.

Bin-Box Storage: Storage that is in five-sided containers, with little or no horizontal or vertical space betweencontainers. The open side can be either on the top of the container or on the side that faces the aisle.

Clearance: The clear space maintained between the top of storage and the deflector of the sprinkler (ceilingor in-rack) located above it. For all ceiling-level sprinklers, a minimum clearance of 3 ft (0.9 m) is required.For all in-rack sprinklers, the deflector must be located above the top of storage. For CMDA sprinklers,clearance greater than 20 ft (6.0 m) between the top of storage and the ceiling above is considered excessive.See Section 2.3.7.3.1 for the options this data sheet offers to deal with excessive clearance.

Commodity: A commodity is the combination of product, packaging material, container, and material handlingaids (e.g., pallet). Data Sheet 8-1, Commodity Classification, contains commodity classification guidelinesthat are applicable to this data sheet. The purpose of assigning a commodity classification is to allowspecification of the proper level of fire protection. A commodity classification is dependent on how the productburns and how the burning product responds to the application of sprinkler discharge. Protection specificationsin this data sheet are based on the following categories of commodity:

• Class 1

• Class 2

• Class 3



• Class 4

• Cartoned Unexpanded Plastics

• Uncartoned Unexpanded Plastics

• Cartoned Expanded Plastics

• Uncartoned Expanded Plastics

Encapsulation: A method of packaging consisting of a plastic sheet completely enclosing the sides and topof a pallet load containing a combustible commodity or a group of combustible commodities or combustiblepackages. Totally noncombustible commodities on wood pallets enclosed only by a plastic sheet as describedabove are not considered to be encapsulated. The term ‘‘encapsulation’’ also applies to individual cartonsthat are enclosed on the top and sides in plastic, and to cartons waterproofed by coatings on the exteriorsurfaces.

The term ‘‘encapsulation’’ does not apply to individual plastic enclosed items inside a larger non-plasticenclosed or non-waterproofed container. If holes or voids in the plastic or waterproof cover on the top of thecarton exceed more than half the area of the top, the term ‘‘encapsulation’’ does not apply.

The protection guidelines provided in this data sheet account for the presence of encapsulation and do notneed to be adjusted.

FM Approved: References to ‘‘FM Approved’’ in this data sheet mean the product or service has satisfiedthe criteria for FM Approval. Refer to the Approval Guide for a complete listing of products and services thatare FM Approved.

Flue Spaces: The spaces between rows of storage. In rack storage, the longitudinal flue spaces areperpendicular to the direction of loading, and transverse flue spaces are parallel to the direction of loading(Fig. A-1). Maintain minimum net 3 in. (75 mm) wide net flue spaces within storage racks; flue spaces that areless than a net 3 in. (75 mm) wide are not considered flue spaces for fire protection purposes. A net clearspace is the actual width of the flue space minus the width of any obstructions (such as rack uprights). Fordesign purposes within this data sheet, treat any flue space wider than 24 in. (600 mm) as an aisle.

Horizontal Barriers: Solid barriers on a horizontal plane within a rack, beneath which in-rack sprinklers areinstalled. They extend to both ends and both aisle faces of the racks, and are fitted to within 2 in. (50 mm) ofany vertical rack member or other equipment that would create an opening, such as vertical in-rack sprinklerpipe drops. Their purpose is to impede vertical fire spread by blocking off normally open flue spaces, whilealso helping to achieve prompt in-rack sprinkler operation by banking heat down to the in-rack sprinklers thatmust be installed under each barrier.

In-Rack Sprinklers: (also called Intermediate Level Sprinklers or Rack Storage Sprinklers): These sprinklersare typically CMDA sprinklers equipped with an attached water shield over the top of the operating element.The water shield prevents wetting of the operating element by water from sprinklers at a higher elevationin the rack or at ceiling level. Note that the water shield is not a heat collector and has virtually no effect onhow fast the in-rack sprinkler will operate.

In-rack sprinklers are classified as either longitudinal in-rack sprinklers or face in-rack sprinklers. Both typesof sprinklers are located at the transverse flue space within the storage array and positioned so that watercan be delivered both into the flue spaces they are protecting as well as across the top of any storage at thelevel the in-rack sprinklers are provided. Longitudinal in-rack sprinklers are located within the longitudinalflue spaces of a double-row or multiple-row rack, or down the middle of a single-row rack. Face in-racksprinklers are located within the rack storage array at transverse flue spaces no more than 18 in. (450 mm)horizontally from the face of the rack. Both longitudinal and face in-rack sprinklers need to be positionedwithin 3 in. (75 mm) horizontally of their designated transverse flue space intersection. When in-rack sprinklersare required per the protection guidelines, refer to the appropriate figure (if applicable) to determine theproper location of the in-rack sprinklers.

Longitudinal in-rack sprinklers oppose vertical fire growth up through the flues as well as horizontal fire spreadwithin the rack. Face in-rack sprinklers accomplish the same goals as longitudinal in-rack sprinklers, butalso oppose vertical fire growth on the external face of storage while simultaneously providing a water curtainbetween two adjacent racks to hinder fire jump across the aisle.

Movable Racks: See Rack Storage.



Open-Frame Rack Storage: See Rack Storage.

Open-Top Combustible Containers: Five-sided, open-top containers made of wood, cardboard, plastic, orother combustible material. They prevent water from running over the top of the container and down the flues,and also can collect water from discharging ceiling sprinklers, preventing that water from reaching the lowerlevels of burning storage, where it is needed to either suppress or control the fire. Noncombustible open-topcontainers or combustible open-top containers that do not collect water (such as containers with wire meshsides or large side openings at the bottom of the container) and have product that will allow the water tofreely flow through the container, do not fall into this category.

Palletized Storage: This is storage on pallets. Pallet loads of storage are placed one on top of another.

Pallets: Material handling aids upon which unit loads of commodity are placed to ease the transport ofcommodity from place to place (Fig. A-2). Pallets may be wood, metal or plastic. Conventional pallets havestringers to accommodate lift trucks for handling unit loads. Slave pallets (less than 20 ft2 [2.0 m2]) are specialflat bottomed pallets captive to a material handling system. See Data Sheet 8-1, Commodity Classification, todetermine their impact on the commodity hazard rating as well as Data Sheet 8-24, Idle Pallet Storage, fortheir required protection if they are being stored within the facility.

Fig. A-1. Typical double-row (back-to-back) rack arrangement



Portable Racks: See Rack Storage.

Rack Storage: Storage in racks that use combinations of vertical, horizontal and diagonal members, withor without solid shelves, to support stored material. Racks may be fixed in place or portable. Loading maybe either conducted manually by using lift trucks, stacker cranes, or hand placement, or automatically by usingmachine-controlled storage and retrieval systems.

Open-frame rack storage is void of any solid shelves within the storage array and has adequate flue spacesto allow sprinkler water penetration throughout the height of the rack. Open-frame rack storage allows waterdischarge to reach all vertical surfaces of a commodity that can burn. For rack storage to qualify asopen-framed it must have adequate transverse flue spaces throughout the height of the rack at least every8 ft (2.4 m) horizontally and be void of blocked transverse flue spaces. The racks can be equipped with solidshelves provided they are fixed-in-place, are no larger than 20 ft2 (2.0 m2) in area and do not block transverseflue spaces. The racks can also be provided with grated shelves as long as the grating is at least 70%uniformly open, or they can be provided with fixed-in-place solid slats as long as adequate transverse fluespaces are provided between all pallet loads.

Multiple-row racks that are void of solid shelves, have pallet loads butted in one direction, have pallet nowider than 5 ft (1.5 m), and are provided with minimum 3 in. (75 mm) net clear width transverse flue spaceson each side of each butted row can be considered open-frame rack storage.

Rack storage of nested or pyramided rolled fabric storage on side, or rack storage of other products thatcan create large shielded areas with no chance for sprinkler water penetration, need to be evaluated carefully.It may be necessary to treat such storage as rack storage having solid shelves, depending on the total areaof shielding and the degree of obstruction to water penetration.

If a rack does not meet the guidelines outlined above for open-frame, then it must be treated as if it hassolid shelves.

Single-row racks have no longitudinal flue spaces, are up to 6 ft (1.8 m) deep and have aisles over 2 ft (0.6 m)wide. Double-row racks are two single-row racks placed back to back separated by a longitudinal flue space,with aisles over 2 ft (0.6 m) wide. Multiple-row racks are racks greater than 12 ft (3.6 m) wide, or single-rowor double-row racks separated by aisles 2 ft (0.6 m) wide or less having an overall width, including flues,greater than 12 ft (3.6 m). Multiple-row racks can be drive-in, drive-through, flow-through, push-back ordouble-deep standard racks. The rack depth is the determinant.

Portable racks are not fixed in place. They can be arranged in any number of configurations, and includewire baskets without solid sides and bottoms and open-top containers without solid sides but with solidbottoms. Five-sided open-top combustible containers with solid sides and bottoms are treated as open-topcombustible containers.

See Section 2.2.4.2 for the protection requirements of portable racks.

Movable racks are on fixed rails or guides. They can be moved in one direction only in a horizontaltwo-dimensional plane. A moving aisle is created as abutting racks are loaded or unloaded, then moved acrossthe aisle to abut other racks. Movable rack arrangements generally result in the same protection needs asfor multiple-row racks.

Figures A-3 through A-11 show typical rack configurations.

Rack Storage Sprinklers: See In-Rack Sprinklers.

Fig. A-2. Typical pallets



Fig. A-5. Double-row racks with slatted shelves

Fig. A-6. Automatic storage type rack



Fig. A-7. Multiple-row rack served by reach truck

Fig. A-8. Flow-through pallet rack



Shelf Storage: This is storage on a structure where solid shelves are less than 30 in. (0.8 m) deep, measuredfrom aisle to aisle, and usually less than 2 ft (0.6 m) apart vertically.

Solid-Piled Storage: This is on-floor storage, without pallets or other material handling devices. Unit loadsare placed on top of each other, leaving no horizontal spaces between unit loads.

Solid Shelving: Solid shelving is fixed-in-place solid, slatted (fixed or non-fixed), grated (less than 70% open),or other types of shelves located within racks that negatively impact on the amount of sprinkler water thatcan reach the entire vertical length of the rack. Solid shelves in racks promote horizontal fire spread andobstruct sprinkler water penetration down through the racks.

The area of a solid shelf is defined by minimum net clear flue space width of 3 in. (75 mm) at all four edgesof the shelf. A net clear flue space width is the gross width of the flue space minus the width of any obstruction(such as a rack upright). For example, 5 in. (125 mm) flues which have 2 in. (50 mm) wide horizontal rackmembers within the space would be acceptable because the net flue space width is 3 in. (75 mm).

See Rack Storage to determine whether a rack equipped with solid shelving is considered open-frame or arack with solid shelves.

Storage Height: The measurement from the floor to the top of storage.

Tier: Each vertical segment of storage within a rack. The term “tier” is used only to define the vertical locationfor in-rack sprinklers when storage racks are equipped with solid shelves greater than 64 ft2 (6.0 m2). Toavoid having to provide in-rack sprinklers at every tier level within a storage rack, modification of the solidshelving is needed so it has an area no larger than 64 ft2 (6.0 m2).

APPENDIX B DOCUMENT REVISION HISTORY

May 2008. Figure 2.3.4.2(b) was modified due to an editorial error.

January 2008. Combined the protection guidelines for Class 1 and 2 commodities protected by CMDAsprinklers into a single protection table.

Fig. A-3. Double-row rack



Fig. A-4. Double-row racks with solid shelves

Fig. A-9. Drive-in rack, two or more pallets deep. A fork truck drives into the rack to deposit and withdraw loads in thedepth of the rack.



Fig. A-10. Flow-through and portable racks



Fig. A-11. Cantilever rack



Subdivided the protection tables for CMDA and CMSA sprinklers into those providing recommendations forwet-pipe sprinkler systems and those for dry-pipe sprinkler systems. As a result, it is no longer necessaryto make an adjustment due to the presence of a dry-pipe sprinkler system.

Eliminated the need to interpolate for density and/or demand area within the CMDA protection tables.

Eliminated the need to adjust density and/or demand area values obtained from the CMDA sprinkler protectiontables due to the presence of (1) dry-pipe sprinkler systems, (2) 160°F (70°C) temperature rated sprinklers,or (3) encapsulation.

Added a recommendation to use a nominal temperature rating of 160°F (70°C) for all ceiling-level sprinklersin wet-pipe sprinkler systems, and a nominal temperature rating of 280°F (140°C) for all ceiling-levelsprinklers in dry-pipe sprinkler systems.

Added recommendation to base ceiling-level CMDA sprinklers on a minimum K-factor value of 11.2 (160).As a result, the minimum ceiling level density in all protection tables is 0.30 gpm/ft2 (12 mm/min), based ona minimum sprinkler pressure of 7 psi (0.5 bar) and a maximum sprinkler area spacing of 100 ft2 (9.0 m2).

Standardized the density values in the CMDA sprinkler protection tables to end in zero or five.

Created new terms for the various configurations of in-rack CMDA and CMSA sprinklers protecting rackstorage up to 25 ft (7.5 m) high. They are defined as follows:

Old Term New Term Meaning of New Term1 level IRAS IRAS(EO) One level of in-rack sprinklers spaced horizontally at every other transverse

flue space2 levels IRAS IRAS(E) One level of in-rack sprinklers spaced horizontally at every transverse flue

space3 or 4 levels IRAS 2 IRAS(E) Two levels of in-rack sprinklers spaced horizontally at every transverse flue

spaceIRAS at every tier level IRAS(ETL) One level of in-rack sprinklers at every tier level spaced horizontally at every

other transverse flue space

Provided new protection options in some CMDA sprinkler protection tables to either (1) increase densityvalues (which lowers the size of the demand area), or (2) increase in-rack sprinkler arrangement values (whichlowers the ceiling density value required).

As a result of recent testing, removed the recommendation allowing CMDA and CMSA sprinklers to be usedat ceiling-only protection for rack storage of Class 4 and cartoned plastic commodities in buildings over 30 ft(9.0 m) high.

Remove the recommendation for steel column protection from CMDA sprinkler protection tables.

Added recommendation that in-rack sprinklers be quick-response-type with a minimum K-factor value of5.6 (80) for in-rack sprinkler flows less than 30 gpm (115 L/min) or K8.0 (K115) for in-rack sprinklers wherethe required flow is 30 gpm (115 L/min) or higher.

Added recommendation to provide longitudinal and face in-rack sprinklers for double-row racks over 9 ft(2.7 m) wide and up to 12 ft (3.6 m) wide.

Modified most of the figures representing the location of in-rack sprinklers. With the exception of Figure2.3.7.3(h), they no longer show in-rack sprinkler arrangements incorporating vertical and/or horizontal stagger.

Removed uncartoned unexpanded plastic commodities from the in-rack protection schedule shown in Figure2.3.7.3(g).

Added figures representing the location of both single-row and double-row in-rack sprinklers for storage racksup to 25 ft (7.5 m) high.

Changed the term “Scheme A” to “Scheme 8-9A” in order to avoid confusion with the in-rack protection layoutcalled “Scheme A” in Data Sheet 7-29, Flammable Liquid Storage in Portable Containers.

Replaced the protection options previously provided in the suppression mode sprinkler protection tables for32 ft (9.6 m) high ceilings with protection options based on 35 ft (10.5 m) high ceilings.



Added recommendation that the maximum width of a flue space be 24 in. (0.6 m). As a result, the definitionof an aisle has been revised to be a horizontal distance between two storage racks that is wider than 2 ft(0.6 m).

Enhanced the definition of bin-box storage.

Enhanced the definition of portable racks to indicate a portable rack with a solid bottom and three solidfixed-in-place noncombustible or wooden sides that will inhibit horizontal fire spread can be treated as asolid-piled storage arrangement with favorable factors.

Changed the definition of “tier” to refer to any vertical storage segment.

May 2003. Minor editorial changes were made.

January 2003. Recommendation 3.3.3.5 Storage Clearance added.

September 2002. The following new sections have been added:

• Section 3.3.8.5 was added to incorporate the guidelines for the K22.4 suppression mode sprinklerpreviously covered in Engineering Bulletin #06-01.

• Section 3.3.8.6 was added to incorporate the guidelines for the newly Approved TYCO Model TY7126K16.8 Upright Suppression Mode Sprinkler.

September 2001. In line with the changes described in Section 1.2, item 1, under “Changes made in theMay 2001 Revision,” the following changes are incorporated into the September 2001 version:

1. In Tables 3.3.7.2(a), (d), (g), and (j), in the ESFR column for all four storage heights and building heightof 45 ft (13.5 m), replaced “12 @ 90 psi (6.1 bar)” with “DNA.”

2. In Table 3.3.7.2(m), in the ESFR column for all four storage heights and building height of 45 ft (13.5m), replaced “Note 13” with “DNA,” and also deleted Note 13 that follows that table.

Note: “12 @ 90 psi (6.1 bar)” entries in Table 3.3.7.4(a) through (d) for solid-piled/palletized storage to 35ft (10.5 m) in 45 ft (13.5 m) buildings remain valid as the change made in the May 2001 version applied onlyto rack storage.

May 2001.

1. The guidelines in Section 3.3.7.3, item 1, part b for protecting storage of Class 1-4, and cartoned anduncartoned unexpanded plastic commodities in buildings over 40 ft (12.0 m) up to 45 ft (13.5 m) usingK14.0 pendent suppression mode sprinklers at the ceiling only, have been rescinded as a result of recenttesting. Item 1, part C has been renumbered as part b. Storage of Class 1-4 and cartoned unexpandedplastic commodities in 45 ft (13.5 m) high buildings can be protected by K25.2 (K360) suppression modesprinklers at the ceiling only as outlined in Section 3.3.8.1. There is no longer a method for protectinguncartoned unexpanded plastic storage in buildings higher than 40 ft (12.0 m) with suppression modesprinklers at the ceiling only.

2. A new Section 3.3.8.4 has been added to incorporate the guidelines for the K16.8 (K240) suppressionmode sprinkler previously covered in Engineering Bulletin #15-00.

3. A new Section 3.3.8.5 has been added to incorporate guidelines for the upright K14.0 (K200)suppression mode sprinkler previously covered in Engineering Bulletin #14-00.

May 2000. The following changes were made:

1. New text is added in Section 2.2.2.1 to address flue spaces blocked by rolls of fabric, fiber or othermaterials and that create a solid shelf effect.

2. Tables 3.3.7.2(i), (l), (o) and (r) are revised to recommend in-rack sprinklers for racks up to 10 ft (3.0 m)high that have solid shelves greater than 64 ft2 (6.0 m2) and are used to store Class 3, 4 and plasticscommodities.

3. New guidelines are added in Section 3.3.8.1 for K25.2 (K360) suppression mode sprinklers to protectuncartoned unexpanded plastic storage.



September 1999. The following changes were made:

1. Guidelines for K-factor 25.2 (360) suppression mode sprinklers and for K-factor 16.8 (240) CMSAsprinklers has been relocated to new Section 3.3.8.

2. Engineering Bulletin 5-99, ‘‘K-factor 25.2 Suppression Mode Sprinklers for Exposed ExpandedPolystyrene and Polyurethane in Closed Array Palletized or Solid-Piled Storage,’’ dated June 7, 1999,has been incorporated in Section 3.3.8.

March 1997. The following changes were made:

1. Guidelines for use of suppression mode sprinklers in buildings up to 45 ft (13.5 m) high have beenadded. Note the limits on storage height and commodity, and required design pressures as covered inthe appropriate tables and text. Commodity is limited to cartoned and uncartoned unexpanded plastic orless, and storage height is limited to 35 ft (10.5 m) for palletized/solid-piled storage and open-frame rackstorage without in-rack sprinklers, and to 40 ft (12.0 m) open-frame rack storage when one level ofquick-response in-rack sprinklers are installed per data sheet guidelines.

2. Figure 3.3.7.3(k) and the associated Table 3.3.7.3(a) reference have been changed to allow 9 ft (2.7 m)wide racks to accommodate common non-North American rack designs and pallet dimensions.



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