1FLY SPY

2

3FLY SPY

CCTV is the monitoring of the behaviour and activites of people.

It is used for the purpose of influencing, managing, directing and protecting.

Small enough to be unnoticed, a fly on the wall is watching and listening

as they become the ideal innovationfor surveillance cameras.

4

5FLY SPY

6

The most common observed stage of a fly is the winged adult. The adult fly mates, lays eggs in a

breeding medium that will provide sufficient food for the immature stage--a pale, legless maggot. The breeding site is nearly always moist and surrounds the soft-bodied maggots. When maggots are full grown, they stop feeding and usually wander from the breeding site in search of a place to pupate. After pupation, they emerge as an adult fly. In warm weather, flies complete their development (egg--larva--pupa--adult) in an incredibly short period, 7-14 days, and produce numerous generations during a typical season.

Because animal excrement and garbage are excellent breeding media, certain flies, especially house flies, can transmit disease pathogens. For example, it has been shown that each house fly can easily carry over one million bacteria on its body. Some of the disease-causing agents shown to be transmitted by house flies to humans are: shigella spp. (dysentery and diarrhea = shigellosis), salmonella spp. (typhoid fever, Escherichia coli, (traveller’s diarrhea), and Vibrio comma (cholera). Blow flies are fairly large, metallic green, gray, blue, bronze or black flies found throughout the state of Nebraska. The adult flies may spend the winter in homes

or other protected sites but will not reproduce during this time. During warm weather, blow flies breed most commonly on decayed carcasses and droppings of dogs or other pets. They can be found in homes that are near a carcass of a dead squirrel, rodent or bird. Occasionally, small animals may die inside walls or under the crawlspace of a house. A week or two later, blow flies and/or maggots may appear. The adult blow fly is also attracted to gas leaks.

House flies are the best known of the house-infesting flies (photo at the top of the page). House flies generally are gray, with the thorax marked with broad dark stripes. There is often some yellow coloring along the sides that differentiates them from face flies. House flies are usually found where humans are present. Larvae commonly develop in or near man-made sources of food and can be found in garbage, animal waste, culled fruits and vegetables and spilled animal feed. The adult flies feed on a wide range of liquid waste but can eat solid foods, such as sugar. To digest solid foods, house flies liquefy food by regurgitating. During feeding, they also defecate on the food. Because of these habits, house flies can pose serious health threats by transmitting disease organisms. To prevent disease transmission, house

120,000: This exhibition shows you the exciting prospects of 120,000 different species of flies that live in our world. Each and every one has many different capabilites rangin from speed to extraordinary eye sight. Flies are the ultimate surveillance spies with their characterisitics and exceptional performance in viewing what is around them with many lenses. This provides opportunity for camera angles and variation of picture. This makes them far superior to humans and the use of CCTV.

t h e r e a r e

1 2 0 , 0 0 0

s p e c i e s o f

f l i e s r a n g -

i n g i n s i z e

7FLY SPY

fly control around the home is important, especially in food preparation and eating locations. At picnics, food should be covered as much as possible to prevent contamination.

Stable flies are flies that closely resemble house flies in appearance, but the adults feed by biting mammals because they are blood feeders. Typically, these flies remain outdoors, but bite ankles of humans or backs of dogs or other pets. These flies are mainly a problem with livestock, but in urban settings, pet feces, compost piles, and garbage can breed considerable numbers of these pests and others.

Sanitation practices that remove breeding areas are fundamental to the control of filth-breeding flies, such as house flies and blow flies. Remove or cover garbage regularly and clean up spilled animal feed and manure. Remove and bury dead animals. Mismanaged compost piles can also breed large numbers of house and stable flies. Never put animal feces, meat scraps or other animal products in a compost pile. The adult flies feed on a wide range of liquid waste but can eat solid foods, such as sugar. To digest solid foods, house flies liquefy food by regurgitating. During feeding, they also defecate food.

8

Flies are adapted for aerial movement and speed. After the study of 300,000 flies, researchers concluded that the average house fly carries 2 million bacteria on it’s body.

F lies are adapted for aerial movement and typically have short and streamlined bodies. The first tagma of

the fly, the head, consists of ocelli, antennae, compound eyes, and the mouthparts the labrum, labium, mandible and maxilla make up the mouthparts. The second tagma, the thorax, bears the wings and contains the flight muscles on the second segment, which is greatly enlarged; the first and third segments have been reduced to collar-like structures. The third segment of the thorax bears the halteres, which help to balance the insect during flight. A further adaptation for flight is the reduction in number of the neural ganglia, and concentration of nerve tissue in the thorax, a feature that is most extreme in the highly derived Muscomorpha infraorder which it was.

Flies have a mobile head with eyes and in most cases have large compound eyes on the sides of the head, with three small ocelli on the top. The antennae take a variety of forms, but are often short, which reduces drag while flying.

Because no species of fly has teeth or any other organ or limb that allows them to eat solid foods, flies consume only liquid food or finely granular foods, such as pollen, and their mouthparts and digestive tracts show various modifications for such diets. Female Tabanidae use knife-like mandibles and maxillae to make a cross-shaped incision in the hosts’ skin and then lap up the blood. The gut includes large diverticulae, allowing the insect to store small quantities of liquid after a meal. The genitalia of female flies are rotated to a varying degree from the position found in other insects. In some flies, this is a temporary rotation during mating, but in others, it is a permanent torsion of the organs that occurs during the pupal stage. This torsion may lead to the anus being located below the genitals, or, in the case of 360° torsion, to the sperm duct being wrapped around the gut, despite the external organs being in their usual position.

When flies mate, the male initially flies on top of the female, facing in the same direction, but then turns round to face in the opposite direction. This forces the male to lie on his back for his genitalia to remain engaged with those of the female, or the torsion of the male genitals allows the male to mate while remaining upright. This leads to flies having more reproduction abilities than most insects, and at a much quicker rate. Flies occur in great populations due to their ability to mate effectively and in a short period of time during the mating season. In some flies, this is a temporary rotation during mating, but in others, it is a permanent torsion of the organs that occurs during the pupal stage. In some flies, this is a temporary rotation during mating, but in others populations due to their ability to mate effective.

c a r r y i n g y o u r i n -

f o r m a t i o n a l o n g

w i t h t w o m i l l i o n

t y p e s o f b a c t e r i a

9FLY SPY

On the one hand, surveillance has a crucial role in fighting terrorist activities, drug trafficking and organized crime. It is an important tool for the protection of national interest, in particular national security and the investigation of serious crime. Today’s police wouldn’t be able to fight against these crimes without such means. For military use, more sophisticated systems already exist for a long time.

Although current modes and technologies of surveillance seem to suggest that surveillance is a product of the 21st century, there are countless examples of surveillance activities occurring throughout our history and time.

The word surveillance is the French word for “watching over”. The word surveillance may be applied to observation from a distance by means of electronic equipment or interception of electronically transmitted information.

Surveillance is the monitoring of the behavior, activities, or other changing information, usually of people for the purpose of influencing, managing, directing, or protecting. Surveillance is therefore an ambiguous practice, sometimes creating positive effects, at other times negative. It is sometimes done in a surreptitious manner. It most usually involves observation of individuals or groups by government.

History of Surveillancefloor 1 exhibition 1

The Purpose of CCTVfloor 1 exhibition 3

Protecting the World floor 2 exhibition 2

Maintaning of Behaviourfloor 2 exhibition 4

10

The female lays her eggs as close to the food source as possible, and development is rapid, allowing the

larvae to consume as much food as possible in a short period of time before transforming into adults. The eggs hatch immediately after being laid, or the flies are ovoviviparous, with the larvae hatching inside the mother. Larval flies have no true legs. Some Dipteran larvae, such as species of Simuliidae, Tabanidae, and Vermileonidae, have prolegs adapted to such functions as holding onto a substrate in flowing water, holding onto host tissues, or holding prey.

Roughly speaking, there is some anatomical distinction between the larvae of the Nematocera and the Brachycera see Classification section, below; especially in the Brachycera, there is little demarcation between the thorax and abdomen, though the demarcation may be very visible in many Nematocera, such as mosquitoes see image, both here and in the mosquitoes article; in the Brachycera, the head of the larva is not clearly distinguishable from the rest of the body, and there are few, if any, sclerites. Informally, such Brachyceran larvae are called maggots but the term is nontechnical and often applied indifferently to fly larvae or insect larvae in

We Are Watching You: Along with the 2 million bacteria that flies carry, they are also carrying your information. There are no secrets that are safe. Flies have compound eyes looking through two spheres of many lenses. The two large spherical eyes of a fly give an almost 360 degree vision. This means they can see and hear everything. What are you hiding?

s e e i n g a n d

h e a r i n g

e v e r y t h i n g

11FLY SPY

rarely lives more than a few days, and serves mainly to reproduce and to disperse in search of new food sources. Maggots found on corpses are useful to forensic scientists, specifically forensic entomologists. Maggot species can be identified by various means such their anatomy and by matching their DNA. Maggots of various species of flies visit corpses and carcases at fairly well-defined times after the death of the victim, and so do their predators, such as beetles in the family Histeridae. Thus the presence or absence of particular species of fly maggots and other scavenger insects provide evidence as a basis for estimation of the time since death, and sometimes other details such as the place of death.

Some species of maggots are bred commercially; they are sold as bait in angling, and as food for carnivorous pets such as some fishes, reptiles and birds.In Maggot therapy, larvae of certain flies in the family Calliphoridae are used to debride necrotic wounds.In food production, certain cheese varieties, such as casu marzu, are exposed to flies known as cheese skippers, members of the family Piophilidae. The digestive activities of the fly larvae soften or liquefy the cheese and modify the aroma as part of the process of maturation. Flies have been depicted in mythology and literature. In the Biblical fourth plague of Egypt, flies represent death and decay. Myiagros was a god in Greek mythology who chased away flies during the sacrifices to Zeus and

“Athena, and Zeus sent a fly to bite Pegasus, causing Bellerophon to fall back to Earth when he attempted to ride the winged steed to Mount Olympus. In the traditional Navajo religion, Big Fly is an important spirit being. In the 15th-century trompe l’oeil painting Portrait of a Carthusian (1446) by Petrus Christus, a fly sits on a fake frame.

Emily Dickinson’s 1855 poem “I Heard a Fly Buzz When I Died” also makes reference to flies in the context of death. In fact, flies such as the genus Hydrotaea are used in forensic cases to determine time of death for corpses. In William Golding’s 1954 novel Lord of the Flies, the fly is a symbol of the children involved. In the 1958 science fiction film The Fly (and its 1986 remake), a scientist accidentally exchanges parts of his body with those of a fly. Their most obvious distinction from other orders of insects is that a typical fly possesses a pair of flight wings on the mesothorax and a pair of halteres, derived from the hind wings, on the metathorax. The only other order of insects bearing two true, functional wings plus any form of halteres are the Strepsiptera, and in contrast to the flies, the Strepsiptera bear their halteres on the mesothorax and their flight wings on the metathorax. However, some true flies have become secondarily wingless, for example many members of the superfamily Hippoboscoidea and some species that are colonies.

m o n i t o r i n g

y o u r e v e r y

m o v e

”FLIES HAVE COMPOUND EYES AND LOOK THROUGH TWO SPHERESMADE UP OF MANY LENSES.

1212

13FLY SPY 13OBSCURE

14

Stable flies are flies that closely resemble house flies in appearance, but the adults feed by biting mammals

because they are blood feeders. Typically, these flies remain outdoors, but bite ankles of humans or backs of dogs or other pets. These flies are mainly a problem with livestock, but in urban settings, pet feces, compost piles, and garbage can breed considerable numbers of these pests and others.

Sanitation practices that remove breeding areas are fundamental to the control of filth-breeding flies, such as house flies and blow flies. Remove or cover garbage regularly and clean up spilled animal feed and manure. Remove and bury dead animals. Mismanaged compost piles can also breed large numbers of house and stable flies. Never put animal feces, meat scraps or other animal products in a compost pile. Face flies are closely related and similar in appearance to house flies but have different habitats. Face flies are relatively new to the region and have been in Nebraska only in the last 25 years. They are more common than house flies, particularly in rural areas. Face flies pass the winter as

l i s t e n i n g t o e v e r y t h i n g w h e n

y o u t h i n k y o u a r e a l o n e

15FLY SPY

adults and often seek shelter in upper stories of buildings such as attics and little-used upper rooms. They become active in spring and females lay eggs in fresh manure. Adult face flies feed on many types of fluids. They often are attracted to the eyes, nose and mouth of cattle and have been implicated in the transmission of pinkeye disease to cattle. Cluster flies are one of the most annoying flies found in homes during the cool seasons. They also can be pests in office buildings, especially in the upper stories.

Cluster flies are larger than house flies and during their indoor period they are semi-dormant, flying sluggishly. The habits of cluster flies are very different from other common domestic flies. Immature stages develop as a parasite of earthworms. Eggs are laid in the soil, and the maggots enter and feed within the earthworms. Cluster flies do not feed on garbage or animal manure. In late summer, cluster flies seek overwintering shelter and fly to buildings in the afternoons and rest on sun-exposed areas. As the sun sets, the flies seek out cracks and other openings into the building and move to upper

THERE ARE MORE INSECTS IN ONE SQUARE MILE OF RURAL LAND THAN HUMAN BEINGS ON THE WHOLE PLANET.

“

Secrets: Watchinng and listening to every move you make, there are no secrets when there’s a fly on the wall. You may think you’re alone but with this new innovation of surveillance there is nowhere to hide. You won’t know they are there so be aware that there is always something watching.

”

stories. When temperatures are cool, face and cluster flies remain dormant, but on sunny warm days in the fall and winter, these flies become active. It may seem that they are invading the house from outside, but outside temperatures are too cold.last held.

Face flies, which typically develop in pasture lands, and cluster flies (earthworm parasites) often are difficult to control by breeding area management. The best management tactic is to caulk or fill cracks and crevices around homes, especially when an earlier infestation has occurred. Before these flies move indoors for overwintering, treatments can be applied to upper stores of building exteriors for face fly and cluster fly control. When flies become active during sunny days in the winter, insecticide bombs containing permethrin may be useful in attics and other rooms that can be isolated from the rest of the house. The label should be consulted for reentry times and safety information. Face flies, which typically develop in pasture lands, and cluster flies often are difficult to control by breeding area management.

l i s t e n i n g t o e v e r y t h i n g w h e n

y o u t h i n k y o u a r e a l o n e

16

Some fly families such as bee flies and syphrid flies can be confusing to identify. They are mimics that resemble bees and wasps. When confused, the easiest thing to do is count the number of wings. Flyies have two wings, hence the name diptera, which means two wings in latin. Bees and wasps wings.

One final note: A variety of insects have the name fly attached to them. Fly fishing, for example, would not be the same were it not for mayflies, alder flies, caddisflies and stoneflies. The insect world is huge, and these types of flies constitute entirely different insect orders, rather than the order presented here.

Deer flies, in the same family as horse flies, can also be relativelye easy to spot. The female eyes are often equally colorful, however, they ten to be spotted, rather than lined like the female horse fly as shown in the second picture. Identifying and specimen down to the species level will take a bit of detective work.

The house fly, for example, is a term that often applies to any fly found inside the house. Technically, the term applies to species in the Family Muscidae, and a close of look at a species will reveal plumose (feathery) antennae, as opposed to the aristate antennae on a similar looking flesh fly.

Notwithstanding the pest label, many fly families can be considered as beneficial insects that pollinate plants and prey on insect pests.Given the fact that fly identification is not everyone’s cup of tea, identifying a fly to the family level might be considered an accomplishment.

Carrying Infection and Virusfloor 3 exhibition 1

Aerial Movement at Speedfloor 3 exhibition 2

360 Degree Visionfloor 4 exhibition 1

Fly to Human Ratiofloor 4 exhibition 3

Eye Spy with My Little Eye floor 3 exhibition 4

16

17FLY SPY

t h e s t u d y o f b e h a v -

i o u r f o r t h e p u r p o s e

o f p r o t e c t i o nThe best management tactic is to caulk or fill cracks

and crevices around homes, especially when an earlier infestation has occurred. Before these flies move indoors for overwintering, treatments can be applied to upper stores of building exteriors for face fly and cluster fly control. When flies become active during sunny days in the winter, insecticide bombs containing permethrin may be useful in attics and other rooms that can be isolated from the rest of the house. The label should be consulted for reentry times and safety information.

Fungus gnats are small, darkcolored flies most often found collecting around windows during fall and winter. Fungus gnats can be found indoors infesting potting mixes used for house plant or hopping across the soil surface of a plant. High organic matter plant mixtures and organic fertilizers, such as fish emulsion, encourage fungus gnat development. Overwatering, a common problem during fall and winter, will increase fungi and fungus gnat development. Fungus gnats can reproduce on indoor plants and cause little if any damage. They also occur outdoors where they breed in mushrooms and

Many people, for example, want to know about poisonous flies. In fact, there are no poisonous flies in the sense that these insect produce and inject venom as do some spiders. It’s more accurate to think of flies as disease spreading pests that pick up bacteria and viruses from many different sources.

other decaying plant materials. To control fungus gnats, correct the conditions of the breeding area. Allow the soil to dry thoroughly between watering, and eliminate decomposing plant materials. This reduces the amount of fungi where fungus gnats breed. Where fungus gnats are a problem, insecticides can supplement the cultural control of reduced watering. Houseplant aerosols that contain pyrethrins or resmethrin, applied at 2-3-day intervals for three to four weeks, should eliminate most of the adult fungus gnats.

Fruit flies are among the smallest flies found in homes. They usually are a light brown color and may be marked with bright red eyes. Fruit flies most often are found hovering around overly ripe fruit or rotted vegetables, like tomatoes, onions or potatoes. Fermenting materials, such as leftover beer or soft drinks, also are a favorite food of these flies. Populations tend to be greatest in late summer and early fall as they infest fruits during the harvest season a common problem during fall and winter, will increase fungi and fungus gnat development that can be isolated from the rest of the house.

Your Secrets aren’t Safefloor 4 exhibition 4

17FLY SPY

18

Fly on the Wall: The fly on the wall conspiracy is used throughout film and documentary making. Events are seen candidly, as a fly on the wall might see them. They can secretly see and hear what happens. Their view through many different lenses provides an exceptional performance in vision in comparison to original surveillance cameras that have been prone to vandalism and destruction.

Have you ever wished you were a fly on the wall in a situation? This advance in surveillance provides the opportunity for innovation in the world of CCTV. With a strong visual sense through many lenses, flies have become far superior to any other close circuit televison device and are much more reliable.

Surveillance cameras are video cameras used for the purpose of observing an area. They are often

connected to a recording device or IP network, and may be watched by a security guard or law enforcement officer. Cameras and recording equipment used to be relatively expensive and required human personnel to monitor camera footage, but analysis of footage has been made easier by automated software that organizes digital video footage into a searchable database, and by video analysis software (such as VIRAT and HumanID). The amount of footage is also drastically reduced by motion sensors which only record when motion is detected. With cheaper production techniques, surveillance cameras are simple and inexpensive enough to be used in home security systems, and for everyday surveillance and protection.

In the United States, the Department of Homeland Security awards billions of dollars per year in Homeland Security grants for local, state, and federal agencies to install modern video surveillance equipment. For example, the city of Chicago, Illinois, recently used a $5.1 million Homeland Security grant to install an additional 250 surveillance cameras, and connect them to a centralized monitoring center, along with its preexisting network of over 2000 cameras, in a program known as Operation Virtual Shield. Speaking in 2009, Chicago Mayor Richard Daley announced that Chicago would have a surveillance camera on every street corner by the year 2016.

As part of China’s Golden Shield Project, several U.S. corporations, including IBM, General Electric, and Honeywell, have been working closely with the Chinese government to install millions of surveillance cameras throughout China, along with advanced video analytics and facial recognition software, which will identify and track individuals everywhere they go. They will be connected to a centralized database and monitoring station, which will, upon completion of the project, contain a picture of the face of every person in China: over 1.3 billion people. Lin Jiang Huai, the head of China’s “Information Security Technology” office (which is in charge of the project), credits the surveillance systems in the United States and the U.K. as the inspiration for what he is doing with the Golden Shield project.The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) is funding a research project called Combat Zones That See that will link up cameras across a city to a centralized monitoring station as waving arms. This might be used for instance to see if a person is acting facial expressions, waving arms, etc.

u n d e r s c r u t i n y

t h r o u g h s p h e r e s

o f m a n y l e n s e s

18

19FLY SPY

Biometric surveillance is any technology that measures and analyze human physical and/or behavioral characteristics for authentication, identification, or screening purposes. Examples of physical characteristics include fingerprints, DNA, and facial patterns. Examples of mostly behavioral characteristics include gait or voice. Facial recognition is the use of the unique configuration of a person’s facial features to accurately identify them, usually from surveillance video. Both the Department of Homeland Security and DARPA are heavily funding research into facial recognition systems. The Information Processing Technology Office, ran a program known as Human Identification at a Distance which developed technologies that are capable of identifying a person at up to 500 ft by their facial features. Another form of behavioral biometrics, based on affective computing, involves computers recognizing a person’s emotional state based on an analysis of their facial expression.

s m a l l e n o u g h t o

b e u n n o t i c e dDiscovering the Unknown

floor 4 exhibition 5

19FLY SPY

20

21FLY SPY

22

Occasionally, pomace flies, similar in appearance to fruit flies, may infest the home. The source of

a pomace fly problem is often standing water like a forgotten mop pail or an open sewer drain. Fruit flies are best controlled by discarding overly ripe fruit or placing it in the refrigerator. No insecticide is needed. If infestations are coming from soft drink or beer containers, wash bottles and cans during recycling to eliminate these breeding sites. Use a simple non-toxic trap to catch fruit flies. See the diagram above.

Drain Flies also known as moth flies and sewer flies are occasional problems in homes, emerging from sink drains, especially in the springtime. These small mothlike flies look similar to fruit flies, but they do not have red eyes. Drain flies develop by feeding on bacteria and organic materials that can colonize the gelatinous material that lines drains. Large numbers of these flies can also be produced where there is a problem with broken or leaking pipes. Infestations may also be coming from overflow in a kitchen or bathroom drain or from a garbage disposal.

Control: Drain flies, which develop on the gelatin-like coating that forms in drains and pipes, are best eliminated by removing the gelatinous slime on the inside of the pipes. Because drain cleaners may give variable

Hidden: This new surveillance innovation are devices so small they can go unnoticed. The spies in our midst are regularly monitoring the behaviour and activities of people. This is for the purpose of influencing, managing, directing and protecting. CCTV has had many ambiguities including the invasion of people’s privacy. The fly on the wall cannot be easily seen and they are then when you least expect and at every opportunity. Sometimes there may be more than one watching you. Every angle is covered.

22

23FLY SPY

w e a r e t h e s p i e s

i n t h e m i d s tresults, manual cleaning may be required. Pouring boiling water down the drain to loosen the gelatinous slime may be useful. In addition, leaks in pipes that allow seepage and breeding sources should be fixed.

Practices that remove breeding areas are fundamental to the control of filth-breeding flies, such as house flies and blow flies. Remove or cover garbage regularly and clean spilled animal feed and manure. Proper management of a compost pile is important. Removal of other breeding areas, such as overripe fruit (fruit flies) or the gelatinous material down the drain (drain flies) is also fundamental to their control.

Screening and other exclusion techniques can be a very important management tool for several types of indoor fly problems. Caulk or cover all openings into a home to prevent flies from entering. Efforts to exclude flies must be done prior to when they enter buildings. For example, cluster flies rarely are found indoors until late winter and spring but typically enter buildings during late August and September. Insecticides used for control should only be considered as a supplement to other controls. Serious problems exist with insecticide-resistant flies, and many fly populations are now difficult to control with insecticides. Spot treatments with insecticides applied to areas of high fly activity are most efficient. Be sure to read and follow

label directions. Insecticides used for control should only be considered as a supplement to other controls. Serious problems exist with insecticide-resistant flies, and many fly populations are now difficult to control with insecticides. Spot treatments with insecticides applied to areas of high fly activity are most efficient. Be sure to read and follow label directions. Several types of traps for flies also are available and can supplement other controls. Fly paper and electrocution light traps can kill flies but are only effective in areas where exclusion and sanitation efforts have already reduced the fly populations to low numbers. Various food-based traps also are for sale. These traps often contain a protein bait, sometimes with the addition of a pheromone used by flies. As with other traps, they can supplement other controls such as sanitation and exclusion.

Remove sources of breeding which include overripe fruit and fermenting materials like stale beer or soft drinks. Some of these flies may emerge from open sewer drains or standing water that has organic debris in it like a mop pail. Eliminate standing water, if possible. If not possible, pour a small amount of vegetable oil down the open drain to create a thin film of oil on the top of the water. Never pour insecticides down the drain! We also recommend using the fruit fly trap on this web site. If wet conditions from plumbing leaks are fly breeding.

24

It’s more accurate to think of flies as disease spreading pests that pick up bacteria and viruses from many different sources, and then spread those bacteria and viruses during the course of their every day existence. Mosquito transmission of West Nile virus for example, presents an ongoing challenge to public health officials. Other flies such as horse flies, deer flies and snipe flies are rightly labeled as biting pests.Notwithstanding the pest label, many fly families can be considered as beneficial insects that pollinate plants and prey on insect pests challenge to public health officials.

Flies, insects in the order Diptera, from your basic house fly to mosquitoes and gnats, are defined by having two wings.With over one hundred and fifty thousand Diptera species, divided into over one hundred families, a proper categorization of different types of flies would necessarily be an encyclopedic endeavor. A less systemic approach to Diptera often begins by thinking about them in terms of their relationship to humans. Many people, for example, want to know about poisonous flies. In fact, there are no poisonous flies in the sense inject venom spiders.

Closer Than You Thinkfloor 5 exhibition 1

Hidden from Viewfloor 5 exhibition 2

25FLY SPY

feed on (usually dead and decaying) organic material, such as garbage or feces. They are pale-whitish, 3–9 mm long, thinner at the mouth end, and have no legs. They live at least one week. At the end of their third instar, the maggots crawl to a dry, cool place and transform into pupae, colored reddish or brown and about 8 mm long. The adult flies then emerge from the pupae. The adults live from two weeks to a month in the wild, or longer in benign laboratory conditions. Having emerged from the pupae, the flies cease to grow; small flies are not necessarily young flies, but are instead the result of getting insufficient food during the larval stage.

The male mounts the female from behind some 36 hours after having emerged from the pupa, the female is receptive for mating. The male mounts her from behind to inject sperm. Copulation takes a few seconds to a couple of minutes. Normally, the female mates only once, storing the sperm to use it repeatedly for laying several sets of eggs. The housefly is an object of biological research, mainly because of one remarkable quality: the sex determination mechanism.

The housefly (also house fly, house-fly or common housefly), Musca domestica, is a fly of the suborder

Cyclorrhapha. It is the most common of all domestic flies, accounting for about 91% of all flies in human habitations, and indeed one of the most widely distributed insects, found all over the world. It is considered a pest that can carry serious diseases. The adults are 8–12 mm long.

Their thorax is gray, with four longitudinal dark lines on the back. The whole body is covered with hair-like projections. The females are slightly larger than the males, and have a much larger space between their red compound eyes. The mass of pupae can range from about 8 to 20 mg under different conditions.Like other Diptera, houseflies have only one pair of wings; the hind pair is reduced to small halteres that aid in flight stability. Characteristically, the media vein shows a sharp upward bend. Each female fly can lay approximately 500 eggs in several batches of about 75 to 150. The eggs are white and are about 1.2 mm in length. Within a day, larvae (maggots) hatch from the eggs; they live and

Deer flies, in the same family as horse flies, can also be relativelye easy to spot. The female eyes are often equally colorful, however, they ten to be spotted, rather than lined like the female horse fly as shown in the second picture. Nonetheless, with over seventy different horse fly species and approximately sixty different deer fly species, identifying and specimen down.

Given the fact that fly identification is not everyone’s cup of tea, identifying a fly to the family level might be considered an accomplishment.Identifying some families are easier than others. The long legs and thin bodies of many crane flies makes them easy to identify. At the family level, may horse fly species can also be relatively easy to identify, especially the females with colorful eyes. The first picture highlights horsefly eyes.

Hidden from Viewfloor 6 exhibition 2

There is No Escapefloor 6 exhibition 4

t h e r e i s n o e s -

c a p i n g t h e f l y

o n t h e w a l l

26

Biometric surveillance is any technology that measures and analyze human physical and/or behavioral characteristics for authentication, identification, or screening purposes. Examples of physical characteristics include fingerprints, DNA, and facial patterns. Examples of mostly behavioral characteristics include gait or voice. Facial recognition is the use of the unique configuration of a person’s facial features to accurately identify them, usually from surveillance video. Both the Department of Homeland Security and DARPA are heavily funding research into facial recognition systems. The Information Processing Technology Office, ran a program known as Human Identification at a Distance which developed technologies that are capable of identifying a person at up to 500 ft by their facial features. Another form of behavioral biometrics, based on affective computing, involves computers recognizing a person’s emotional state based on an analysis of their facial expression.

An Eye for an Eye floor 6 exhibition 5

27FLY SPY

gut includes large diverticulae, allowing the insect to store small quantities of liquid after a meal.For detailed anatomy exploreW which uses examples from the 4 major fly groups (Lower Diptera, Lower Brachycera, Acalyptrate, Calyptrate) representing different anatomical expressions.

The genitalia of female flies are rotated to a varying degree from the position found in other insects. In some flies, this is a temporary rotation during mating, but in others, it is a permanent torsion of the organs that occurs during the pupal stage. This torsion may lead to the anus being located below the genitals, or, in the case of 360° torsion, to the sperm duct being wrapped around the gut, despite the external organs being in their usual position. When flies mate, the male initially flies on top of the female, facing in the same direction, but then turns round to face in the opposite direction. This forces the male to lie on his back for his genitalia to remain engaged with those of the female, or the torsion of the male genitals allows the male to mate while remaining upright. This leads to flies having more reproduction abilities than most insects, and at a much quicker rate. Flies occur in great populations due to their ability to mate effectively and in a short period of time during the mating season. The female lays her eggs as close to the food source as possible, and development is rapid, allowing the larvae to consume as much as it possicibly can and at speed.

Fly on the Wall: The fly on the wall conspiracy is used throughout film and documentary making. Events are seen candidly, as a fly on the wall might see them. They can secretly see and hear what happens. Their view through many different lenses provides an exceptional performance in vision in comparison to original surveillance cameras that have been prone to vandalism and destruction.

F lies are adapted for aerial movement and typically have short and streamlined bodies. The first tagma of

the fly, the head, consists of ocelli, antennae, compound eyes, and the mouthparts (the labrum, labium, mandible and maxilla make up the mouthparts). The second tagma, the thorax, bears the wings and contains the flight muscles on the second segment, which is greatly enlarged; the first and third segments have been reduced to collar-like structures. The third segment of the thorax bears the halteres, which help to balance the insect during flight. A further adaptation for flight is the reduction in number of the neural ganglia, and concentration of nerve tissue in the thorax, a feature that is most extreme in the highly derived Muscomorpha infraorder and everything.

Flies have a mobile head with eyes and in most cases have large compound eyes on the sides of the head, with three small ocelli on the top. The antennae take a variety of forms, but are often short, which reduces drag while flying through the air.

Because no species of fly has teeth or any other organ or limb that allows them to eat solid foods, flies consume only liquid food or finely granular foods, such as pollen, and their mouthparts and digestive tracts show various modifications for such diets. Female Tabanidae use knifelike mandibles and maxillae to make a cross-shaped incision in the hosts’ skin and then lap up the blood. The

t h e t w o l a r g e

s p h e r i c a l

e y e s g i v e a n

a l m o s t c o m -

p l e t e 3 6 0 d e -

g r e e v i s i o n

28