Fluids Unit Intro

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• Describe the relationship among mass, volume, and density of solids, liquids, and gases, using the particle model of matter (307-8)• Provide examples of technologies that have been developed because of our understanding of density and buoyancy (111-1)• Provide examples of how science and technology affect their lives and their community (STSE 112-7)• Analyze the density of various substances and suggest explanations for discrepancies in data (210-7; 307-11)

Brainstorm

• What might we study during our fluids unit?• What is a fluid?• Can you think of any examples of a fluid?

The Particle Theory of Matter

• What is Matter?• What is the Particle Theory of Matter?• How does this theory apply to Science?• What does this theory explain about the

three states of Matter?

The Particle Theory of Matter

• What is Matter? – Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space.

i.e., people, plants, water, snow, sand, air, oxygen, etc.

• What is the Particle Theory of Matter?– The Particle Theory of Matter states that:

1) All matter is made up of tiny particles too small to be seen2) These particles attract each other3) These particles are constantly in motion (moving around)

because they have energy4) The more energy the particles have, the faster they move

(i.e., when you add heat energy, the particles move faster)

The Particle Theory of Matter• What does this theory explain about the states of matter? – This theory explains the distribution and movement of

particles in solids, liquids, and gases.– It helps us explain the differences in mass, volume, and

density of the particles of these three states of matter.– It tells you that when you add heat to a substance, its

particles begin to move faster and spread out more.

Solids Liquids GasesParticle Spacing

- Particles are very

close together

- Particles are close together

- Particles are very spaced out

Particle Movement

- Particles do not move very much;

they only vibrate

- Particles move around, but not

very fast

- Particles move around very fast

Spacing and Movement of Particles

Particle Model Simulation

Solids Liquids GasesMass Usually have a greater

mass than liquids and gases because there

are more particles in a volume (particles are

closer together)

Usually have a smaller mass than solids, and a larger mass than gases.

Have the smallest mass compared to solids and liquids. This is because

there are less particles in a volume of a gas (more

spread out)

Mass (m)The amount of matter in a given volume of a substance

Volume (V)

Solids Liquids GasesVolume Have a certain

size and shape, which do not

change (strong bonds between particles; stick

together)

Have a set volume, and

take the shape of the container

they are in

Don’t have a definite shape or volume. Completely fill the

shape of the container they are in

(weak bonds between particles)

The amount of space occupied by the matter of a substance

Density (D)

Solids Liquids GasesDensity Highest Density/most

dense (large number of particles per given volume because the

particles are very close together; cannot

be compressed)

Medium Density (less dense than solids, but more

dense than gases); cannot be easily

compressed

Lowest Density/least dense (small number of particles per given volume because

the particles are very spread out); can be

compressed

The amount of matter per unit volume of a substance

Density = _Mass_ D = M_ Volume V

Density of Fluids Density Column Lab Activity: Background Information• Describe the relationship among mass, volume, and density of solids, liquids, and gases, using the particle model of matter (307-8)• Analyze the density of various substances and suggest explanations for discrepancies in data (210-7; 307-11)

• Fluids: Substances that have the ability to flow (liquids and gases, but not solids)

• Density: The mass of a substance per unit volume of that substance (“mass per volume”)

Density = _Mass_ Volume

We will be referring back to this equation in a few classes.

Oobleck Video

Fluids Unit Key Terms• Matter: Anything that has mass and occupies space

• Fluids: Substances that have the ability to flow (liquids and gases, but not solids)

• Volume: The amount of space occupied by the matter of a given substance

• Mass: The amount of matter in a given volume of a substance

• Density: The amount of matter per unit volume of a substance Density = _Mass_ Volume

• Particle: Small units of Matter • Particle Theory of Matter: A theory about the distribution,

movement, and behaviour of particles of matter.

Journal Entry # : Density of FluidsCurriculum Outcomes Addressed• Provide examples of technologies that have been developed because of our understanding of density and buoyancy (111-• Provide examples of how science and technology affect their lives and their community (STSE 112-7)

Describe some ways in which the density of fluids (liquids and gases) or differences in densities of fluids affect you in everyday life.

Hint: Consider hobbies, sports, technology, tools, or machines that rely on either high or low densities or density differences between fluids (i.e., one fluid having to be more or less dense than the other).

Density Column Lab Activity: Hypothesis

• Think, Pair, Share Activity– Individually you will make a hypothesis about where

each of the fluids may layer out if poured together into a beaker (2-3mins)

– With a partner, you will discuss how each of you predicted how the fluids might layer out in the beaker (3-5mins)

Density of FluidsDensity Column Lab Activity: Hypothesis

• “I predict __________________ to be the most dense fluid because…”

• “I predict __________________ to be least dense fluid because…”

• Remember that the fluids which are most dense will layer out at the _____________ of the beaker, while the fluids which are least dense will layer out at the _______________ of the beaker.

Next Class: Density Column Lab Activity

In small groups, you will be testing your hypotheses about the densities of the five listed fluids by pouring a small amount of each fluid into a beaker and observing how they layer out.

• Vegetable Oil• Water• Maple Syrup or Honey• Isopropanol Alcohol (Rubbing Alcohol)• Dish soap