Fluid mechanics 1 lab assignment of hafiz luqman
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Transcript of Fluid mechanics 1 lab assignment of hafiz luqman
[FLUID MECHANICS-LAB ASSIGNMENT ] November 11, 2012
1
Instructor:
Engr. Muhammad Tariq
Submitted by:
Hafiz Luqman Khalil
Roll number:
11053123-032
Department Of Chemical Engineering
[FLUID MECHANICS-LAB ASSIGNMENT ] November 11, 2012
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1. EQUIPMENT NAME:
BERNOULLI’S PRINCIPLE DEMONSTRATOR
COMPONENTS OF EQUIPMENT:
COMPONENTS OF EQUIPMENT:
1-Assembly board 7- Probe for measuring
2- Single water pressure gauge overall pressure (can move axially)
3- Discharge pipe 8- Hose connection, water Supply
4- Outlet valve 9- Valve at water inlet
5- Venture tube with six measurements points 10- 6-fold water pressure gauge
6- Compression gland (pressure distribution in Venture tube)
[FLUID MECHANICS-LAB ASSIGNMENT ] November 11, 2012
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TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION:
This equipment is used for experimentation and training purposes. The total pressure is
measured with a pitot tube and displayed on a second tube manometer. The flow rate is
determined using the volumetric tank on the bench. The entire experimental set-up is
clearly laid out on a metal panel; this is fitted to the HM 150 Basic Hydraulics Bench.
The bench provides the water supply for carrying out the experiment. The experimental
set-up comprises a measurement section with a transparent venturi tube, the
associated pipe work and 2 pressure measuring devices. Six measurement connections
on the venturi tube enable the static pressure along the pipe through which the water is
flowing to be indicated on a multiple tube manometer. The total pressure is measured
with a pitot probe and displayed on a second tube manometer. The flow rate is
determined using the volumetric tank on the bench.
APPLICATIONS:
Main objectives of this equipment include demonstration of Bernoulli`s law and
determination of flow rate factor so this instrument works on the Bernoulli Principle and
is used to measure flow rate of liquid by using volumetric tank.
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2. EQUIPMENT NAME:
LOSSES IN BEDS AND FITTINGS
COMPONENTS OF EQUIPMENT:
[FLUID MECHANICS-LAB ASSIGNMENT ] November 11, 2012
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TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION:
The apparatus is used to investigate the pressure losses in the measuring circuits as
well as in constrictions and increases in sizes. Pressure losses are measured with the
help of spring tube manometer and six channel manometer. The measured section
consists of a pipe system with different fittings, a ball-cock, an increase in size and a
constriction. The flow rate can be adjusted using the ball-cock. A 6 tube manometer and
a spring-tube manometer are used to determine individual differential pressures.
Annular measuring chambers guarantee interference-free pressure measurement. The
water supply is provided by the HM 150 Basic Hydraulics Bench.
APPLICATIONS:
This equipment helps us to understand problems occurring in the flow rates at bends
and fittings of flow pipes in industry. Pressure losses are measured with spring tube
manometer and six channel manometer.
[FLUID MECHANICS-LAB ASSIGNMENT ] November 11, 2012
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3. EQUIPMENT NAME:
ORIFICE AND JET VELOCITY APPARATUS
COMPONENTS OF EQUIPMENT:
1. Base plate
2. Jet trajectory
3. Trajectory Probes
4. paper board
5. Interchangeable orifices
3
4
5 6
7
8
[FLUID MECHANICS-LAB ASSIGNMENT ] November 11, 2012
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6. adjustable overflow pipe
7. Header tank
8. level scale
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION:
It allows the comparison of calculated and measured jet trajectories formed by various
orifices at different level of water. It also helps us for the visual appreciation of the
change of jet shape with flow rate. The water drains vertically from a transparent supply
tank through a nozzle due to the hydrostatic pressure. The velocity of the jet can be
measured with a Pitot tube and a U-tube manometer. The jet diameter is measured with
a micrometer. The water level can be set precisely using an overflow. The water supply
is provided either from the laboratory mains or using the HM 150 (closed water circuit).
APPLICATIONS:
This instrument is used to measure the jet speed and to trace different trajectories that a
jet makes after passing through a small opening called orifice. We can adjust the
trajectory by adjusting the level of water in tank.
[FLUID MECHANICS-LAB ASSIGNMENT ] November 11, 2012
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4. EQUIPMENT NAME:
OSBORN RENOLDS APPARATUS
COMPONENTS OF EQUIPMENT:
1. Base Plate 2. Water Reservoir
3. Flow Optimized Inflow 4. Aluminum Well
5. Metering Tap 6. Brass Inflow Tip
7. Overflow Section 8. Test Pipe Section
9. Ball Cock 10. Connection for Water Supply
11. Waste Water Discharge 12. Drain Cock
13. Control Valve
[FLUID MECHANICS-LAB ASSIGNMENT ] November 11, 2012
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TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION:
Laminar, transition and turbulent flow can be visualized by using blue ink in a
transparent pipe section. The core of the demonstrator is a transparent pipe section
(diameter=10mm, length 540mm) with a streamlined inlet through which water flows.
The flow rate in the experimental pipe section can be adjusted with a manual valve. Ink
from a tank is injected into the flowing water to visualize the flow. The transition from
laminar to turbulent flow can be observed as function of the flow velocity. The critical
Reynolds number is determined from the results of the experiment.
The water supply is provided either from the laboratory mains or using the HM 150
(closed water circuit).
APPLICATIONS:
This apparatus is used to demonstrate laminar, turbulent and transient flow of fluids.
Blue ink is used in a transparent pipe which runs side by side with water and gives us
about laminar and turbulent flow of water.
[FLUID MECHANICS-LAB ASSIGNMENT ] November 11, 2012
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5. EQUIPMENT NAME:
PIPE FRICTION APPARATUS
COMPONENTS OF EQUIPMENT:
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TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION:
The equipment is used to examine pipe friction losses in laminar and turbulent flow. It is
also used to determine the critical Reynolds number. The experimental set-up can be
used on its own or with the HM 150 Basic Hydraulics Bench. A supply of water is all that
is required for operation. The unit is suitable for measuring pipe friction losses for
laminar and turbulent flows. The experimental set-up is clearly laid out on a training
panel. For investigations on laminar flow, a head tank is used for the water supply,
whilst for turbulent flow, the supply is provided via the Basic Hydraulics Bench directly
(or the water mains). The water flows through a pipe section; the flow is adjusted using
reducing valves. The connection to the required measuring device is made via pressure
tapings.
APPLICATIONS:
Pipe friction apparatus results in losses in laminar and turbulent flow of fluids. This
equipment helps us to understand problems occurring due to pipe friction.
[FLUID MECHANICS-LAB ASSIGNMENT ] November 11, 2012
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6. EQUIPMENT NAME: PIPE NETWORK APPARATUS
COMPONENTS OF EQUIPMENT:
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TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION:
It is used for determination of flow rate in the pipes connected in series; parallel and
individually water distribution work analysis provide the basis for the design of new
system and extension of existing system. A common problem in the installation of pipe-
work is the determination of pressure and flow rate in complex pipe systems. The Pipe
Network Bench facilitates the setting up and investigation of different types of pipe
system, for instance series and parallel configurations of pipes, their branches and
joints. Analogous to Kirchhoff’s laws in electrical engineering, the pressure in the pipes
corresponds to the electrical voltage, the pressure losses to the electrical resistances.
The pipe systems can be assembled on the top of the experimental module using the
pipes and connecting fittings supplied.
APPLICATIONS:
With the help of this apparatus we can study flow rates in pipes connected in series and
parallel. It also helps us in designing of new network of pipes and extension of existing
network.
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7. EQUIPMENT NAME:
Particle Drag Coefficient Apparatus
COMPONENTS OF EQUIPMENT:
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TECHNICAL DEMONSTRATION:
It is also known as Falling Sphere Viscometer Apparatus. Two Plexiglas cylinders are
provided for performing the experiment; these are filled with fluids of varying viscosity. A
ball sinks to the bottom under the action of gravity. The sink time and distance are
measured. Included with the unit area stopwatch and 10 spheres of different materials
and volumes. At the bottom of the measuring tube is a chamber through which the balls
can be removed without major loss of fluid.
APPLICATIONS:
It is also called as falling viscometer apparatus and is used to measure viscosity of
fluids by noticing the time during which particle covers a distance of 1000 cm.