Florida Native Landscaping - University of Florida
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1 Florida Native Landscaping ORH 3815/5815C ORH 3815/5815C Lecture Lecture 1 How to Identify Plants How to Identify Plants Lecture Outline I. I. The Plant Kingdom The Plant Kingdom II. II. Binomial Nomenclature Binomial Nomenclature III. III. Floral formula technique Floral formula technique IV. IV. Flower terminology Flower terminology V. V. Leaf terminology Leaf terminology VI. VI. Fruit terminology Fruit terminology
Transcript of Florida Native Landscaping - University of Florida
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Florida Native Landscaping
ORH 3815/5815CORH 3815/5815CLecture Lecture 11
How to Identify PlantsHow to Identify Plants
Lecture Outline
I.I. The Plant KingdomThe Plant KingdomII.II. Binomial NomenclatureBinomial NomenclatureIII.III. Floral formula techniqueFloral formula techniqueIV.IV. Flower terminologyFlower terminologyV.V. Leaf terminologyLeaf terminologyVI.VI. Fruit terminologyFruit terminology
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A Typical System
Division Spermatophyta- seed plants
Subdivision AngiospermaeGymnospermae
Class DicotyledonMonocotyledon
Order A group of related families
F il A f l t dFamily A group of related genera
Genus A group of related species
Species Plants of one kind
Angiosperm Gymnosperm
Elaborate Flowers
Yes, true stigma
No
Nutritional Endosperm Gametophyte tissue (3n)=double
fertilization (1n)
Enclosed seed
Yes-contained in carpel
No-“naked”
Leaves Simple, Awl-like,Leaves Simple, compound
Awl like, scale-like, needle-like
Plants Monocots, Dicots
Cycads, Conifers, Ginko
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DICOT MONOCOT
Flower parts 4’s or 5’s (usually)
3’s (usually)
Pollen 3 furrows One furrow
Cotyledons Two OneCotyledons Two One
Leaf Venation
Netlike (usually)
Parallel (usually)
Primary vascular bundles
In a ring Complex arrangement
bundlesSecondary growth with vascular bundles
Commonly present
Absent
Monocots and Dicots
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Angiosperm or Gymnosperm?
Linnaeus system
Binomial nomenclature- means of which all plants and all animals are known by all people in all countries who speak or write of them with precision; system began in 1753.
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Variety- A subdivision of a species, differing in certain genetically fixed characteristics from the rest of the
l tipopulationUlmus americana var. floridanaUlmus americana floridanaGenus specific epithet variety
S iSpecies
(Haehle)
Cultivar- A cultivated variety
Genus specific epithet cultivar
S i
Stokesia leavis ‘ Color wheel’
Species
PDSI
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Hybrids
Interspecific hybrid- hybridization between two related speciesrelated speciesExample:Ilex cassine (Dahoon Holly) x Ilex opaca (Am. Holly)
Ilex x attenuata
Botanical Code
Today the use of botanical Today the use of botanical namesnamesis governed and regulated by theis governed and regulated by theis governed and regulated by the is governed and regulated by the International Code for Botanical International Code for Botanical Nomenclature Nomenclature http://ibot.sav.sk/icbn/main.htm.http://ibot.sav.sk/icbn/main.htm.
The principles and rules of the Botanical The principles and rules of the Botanical C d if l li bl tC d if l li bl tCode are uniformly applicable to Code are uniformly applicable to cultivated as well as wild plants.cultivated as well as wild plants.
The code promotes uniformity, fixity, The code promotes uniformity, fixity, and accuracy in naming plants.and accuracy in naming plants.
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Latinized Words• Scientific names- often descriptive
• Specific epithet-designated by morphological characteristics, such as:– shape, number, and color; – sensual features such as taste, smell,
or touch;or touch;– geography and ecological conditions;– or the name of the person to be
honored.
Floral Formula Technique
• A visual device used to summarize the relationship of flower partsp
• It is based on symbols identifying the sepals (calyx), the petals (corolla), the stamens, and the pistil
• The use of small superscript numbers adds more information into the formula.
*For example:For example:Ca5Co5S5P1 =5 sepals, 5 petals, 5 stamens, and 1 pistil (a complete flower)
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Asteraceaedisk
ray
Baumgardt, 1982
Terms Relative to the Flower• The flower is the structure most
commonly used in classifying fand identifying plants
– Perfect- has both stamens and pistils
– Imperfect-lacks either stamens or pistils
– Complete-stamen, pistil, sepals, petals
– Incomplete-lacks stamen, pistil, sepals or petals
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Parts of a Flower
Still, 1994
Longitudinal Section of a Complete Flower
Still, 1994
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Sexuality of Angiosperm Flowers
MonoeciousMonoecious--one plant bears one plant bears both staminate and both staminate and pistillatepistillateflowers separately (unisexual)flowers separately (unisexual)
DioeciousDioecious-- two flower types two flower types (staminate and (staminate and pistillatepistillate) are ) are born on separate plants born on separate plants (unisexual)(unisexual)
PerfectPerfect--having both stamens having both stamens and and pistils pistils (bisexual)(bisexual)
Brickell and Cathey, , 2004
Inflorescence TypesStill, 1994
Corymb
Head
Cyme
Panicle
Spike
SolitaryRaceme UmbelDehgan, 1998
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Terms Relative to the Leaves
• Deciduous vs. Evergreeng• Opposite, alternate, whorled• Simple vs compound• Shape
– overall, base, apex• Margins• Venation-parallel, netted, pinnate,
palmate
Leaf Types
Still, 1994
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Leaf Arrangement
Brickell and Cathey, , 2004
Leaf Shapes
Still, 1994
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Leaf Margins
Still, 1994
Leaf Apices
Still, 1994
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Leaf Bases
Still, 1994
Leaf Surface
•• ViscidViscid--stickysticky•• GlaucousGlaucous-- waxywaxy•• GlabrousGlabrous-- no no hairs or waxhairs or wax•• PubescentPubescent-- covered covered with with
hairshairs•• ScabrousScabrous--roughroughScabrousScabrous roughrough
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Stem and Bud Morphology
Dirr, 1998
Types of FruitBrickell and Cathey, , 2004
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Useful References• How to Identify Flowering Plant
Families (Baumgardt, 1982)• Botany in a Day (Elpel, 2004)• Plant Identification (Harris and Harris,
2001)• Botany for Gardeners (Capon, 1998)
