Florida Friendly Best Management Practices

for Protection of Water Resources by the Green Industries

FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION A Ftondo-F~ andly Londscapmg Publtcat on

BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FOR PROTECTION OF WATER RESOURCES

BY THE GREEN INDUSTRIES

\\hut t x.1cth as me ml b\ the plua c II\ tht G1c cr1 lmlu lrk,1 "unph put , onl )OU tlu pcopk \\otktng ~ \l:r

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HOW YOU DO YOUR JOB EVERY DAY MAKES A DIFFERENCE

GOALS OF THE MANUAL

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LET ONLY RAIN DOWN THE STORM DRAIN

Oeportmenl ol (nvu·oom~t~~lal Pro•fld.t>~l- R..,1\l!Cl D£<E.MBER 2008 ?NO PRitmNC 2010 II

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors of this document owe a debt of gratitude to the Professional Landscape Network (PLANET), in allowing us to use its document on Best Management Practices for Turfgrass as a guide, and to Tom Delany, the association's representative on the committee. The PLANET docu­ment was based on a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency grant.

Particular gratitude is due to Erica Santella, Regional Technical Director for TruGreen and past president of the Florida Turfgrass Association, who served as committee chair for the original development of this manual. Special thanks are also due to our editor, Mike Thomas, Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP), who has taken the group through the process and guided us down the right path.

We would like to thank Bryan Cooksey of McCall's Pest Control and former president of the Florida Pest Management Association; Geri Cashion of FMC Corp; Mark Roberts of Toro; Joel jackson of the Florida Golf Course Superintendents Association; joe Welch of Middleton Lawn and Pest Control; Sidney Hinson, Gary Cook, and Scott Sincerbeau of Lesco; Norm Smith, Mel Edelstein (deceased), and Ed Minor of the Certified Pest Control Operators Association; Jennifer Leggett of Lindsey Pest Control; Toni Caithness of the Florida Pest Management Association; john Thatcher of TruGreen; Nick Dennis of Prolawn; Jeff Michel of Massey Services, Inc.; Gene Yearty (deceased); Marylyn Bales of Douglass Fertilizer; Ben Bolusky and Tom Tumbleson of the Florida Nursery, Growers and Landscapers Association; and Barry Troutman of Valleycrest Landscape.

Staff of the following agencies provided invaluable support for this project: Mike Scheinkman (FDEP); Mark jennings and Steve Dwinell, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (FDACS); Richard Deadman, Florida Department of Community Affairs; Katherine Pordeli, St. Johns River Water Management District; Peg McPherson, South Florida Water Management District; and Ron Cohen and jay Yingling, Southwest Florida Water Management District. Cover photo is provided courtesy of the South Florida Water Management District. Final editing was done by Linda Lord (FDEP).

Finally, our thanks to Laurie Trenholm, Gary Knox, Christine Kelly-Begazo, John Cisar, George Snyder, jerry Sartain, Terril Nell, Michael Dukes, Robert Black, Pam Mattis, Ed Gilman, and a host of other research and extension faculty, staff, and county agents with the University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IF AS), and the innumerable other citizens who con­

tributed comments.

This publication was funded in part by FDEP with a Section 319 Nonpoint Source Management Program Grant from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

DISCLAIMER The mention of a specific product or company is for information purposes only and does not con­stitute an endorsement of that product or company.

2nd printing. Copyright 2008, 2010 State of Florido

FLORIDA FRIENDLY BEST MANAGEMENT PRAGICES for Protection of Woter Resources by the Green Industries

Table of Contents :

GOALS OF THE MANUAL ........................................ 111

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................ iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................ ¥

CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION .................................... 1 Using Best Management Practices

to Reduce Pollution and Conserve Water ........................ !

Environmental Issues ........................................................ 1

Importance of Maintaining

Healthy Landscapes and Turf ............................................ 2

Cultural Practices for Healthy Landscapes ...................... 2

Employee Training ............................................................ 4

CHAPTER 2: BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FOR DESIGN AND INSTALLATION OF LANDSCAPES ................................ 6 Site Evaluation and Landscape Design ............................ 6

Florida Friendly Landscape Design Standards .................. 6

Plant Selection .................................................................. 7

Selecting a Turfgrass for a Florida Lawn .................... 7

Selecting Trees, Shrubs, and Ground Covers .............. 8

Planting ............................................................................ 8

Preparing To Plant a Lawn .......................................... 8

Landscape Plant Installation ...................................... 8

Care During Plant Establishment .............................. 8

Environmental Stresses on Lawns .................................... 9

Shade Considerations for Turf .......................................... 9

CHAPTER 3: IRRIGATION BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES .................................... 11 Permitting and Regulations ............................................ 11

Reclaimed Water Use ...................................................... 12

Irrigation System Design ................................................ 12

Microirrigation for Landscape Plants ...................... 13

Irrigation System Installation .......................................... 15

Irrigation Management. ................................................... 15

Irrigation System Maintenance ...................................... 17

Irrigation System Errors .................................................. 18

Sources for Irrigation Standards ...................................... 18

Green Industry Irrigation BMPs ...................................... 19

CHAPTER 4: MULCHING, MOWING, AND PRUNING ...................................... 20 Landscape Mulches ........................................................ 20

Benefits of Mulching ................................................ 20

Mulching BMPs .............................................................. 20

I

Mowing the Florida Lawn .............................................. 21

Mowing BMPs ................................................................ 22

Pruning of Landscape Plants .......................................... 22

Mangroves ................................................................ 23

Disposing of Landscape Material .................................... 23

CHAPTER 5: FERTILIZATION .................................... 25 Fertilizer Terms .............................................................. 25

Fertilizer Analysis ............................................................ 25

Fertilizer Applicator Licensing ........................................ 25

Urban Turf Fertilizer Rule .............................................. 25

Turf Fertilization Management. ....................................... 26

Nitrogen Management .............................................. 26

Phosphorus Fertilization .......................................... 30

Potassium Fertilization ............................................ 31

Secondary Nutrient Fertilization .............................. 31

Micronutrients .......................................................... 31

Fertilizing Grass for

Establishment or Recovery ...................................... 32

Untreated Buffers Near Bodies of Water ....................... .32

Impervious Surfaces ........................................................ 33

Fertigation ..................................................................... .33

Fertilizing Landscape Plants .......................................... 33

Why Fertilize? ......................................................... .33

Recommendations and Basic Principles

for Fertilizing Landscape Plants ............................. .34

When To Fertilize .................................................... 34

How Much To Fertilize ............................................ 34

Where and How To Fertilize .................................... 35

Fertilizer Storage and Loading ........................................ 35

Storage ...................................................................... 35

Loading .................................................................... 36

Soil Testing ...................................................................... 36

Soil Sampling Methodology ...................................... 36

Soil Test Interpretation .............................................. 37

Tissue Testing .................................................................. 3 7

Tissue Sampling Methodology ................................. .38

Sample Contamination ............................................ 38

Interpretation of Results .......................................... 38

Summary ........................................................................ 38

BMPs for Turfgrass and Landscape Fertilization ............ 39

CHAPTER 6: PEST CONTROL .................................. 40 Legal Issues .................................................................... 40

Definitions ............................................................... .40

Licensing Requirements for Pesticide

Use in Lawn and Landscape Maintenance ................ 40

Pesticide Record Keeping ......................................... .40

Deparhnent of Environmental Protection- Revised DECEMBER 2008, 2ND PRINTING 2010

Restricted Use Pesticides ......................................... .41

Integrated Pest Management ......................................... .41

Pesticide Use .................................................................. 42

General Pesticide BMPs ........................................... .4 3

Pesticide Selection .................................................... 43

Pesticide Selection BMPs ......................................... .4 3

Pesticide Storage ............................................................ 44

BMPs for Pesticide Storage and Disposal... ............... 45

Mixing and Loading Activities ........................................ 46

Pesticide Equipment Calibration and Loading .............. 46

BMPs for Loading and Calibrating

Pesticide Equipment ................................................ 4 7

Pesticide Application Equipment Wash Water ............. .4 7

Pesticide Spill Management ........................................... .4 7

Spill Reporting Requirements ................................. .48

Management of Pests in the Landscape ......................... .49

Weed Management. .................................................. .49

Insects and Other Organisms .................................... 49

Plant Nematodes ...................................................... 50

Plant Diseases ........................................................... .50

Diagnostic Assistance ................................................ 50

REFERENCES .......................................................... 51 Design & Installation References ................................... .51

Preparation ................................................................ 51

Selection .................................................................... 51

Environmental Stresses ............................................ 51

Irrigation References ..................................................... .51

Standards .................................................................. 51

Guidance .................................................................. 52

Mulching, Mowing, and Pruning References .................. 52

Fertilization References ................................................. .53

Pesticide References ....................................................... .53

APPENDIX A: IMPORTANT TELEPHONE NUMBERS ............................................ 55 Emergency Reporting Telephone Numbers ................... .55

Help Line Telephone Numbers ..................................... .55

Nonemergency Telephone Numbers .............................. 56

APPENDIX B: FLORIDA COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE TELEPHONE NUMBERS ............ 57

APPENDIX C: RULE 5E-l .003(2} LABELING REQUIREMENTS FOR URBAN TURF FERTILIZERS ........ 59

LIST OF TABLES Table l. Comparison of lawngrasses

available for use in Florida ................................................ 7

Table 2. Irrigation spacing .............................................. 13

Table 3. Irrigation Association

Distribution Uniformities .................................. : ............. 17

Table 4. Suggested mowing heights and

mower types for Florida home lawns ............................ 21

Table 5. Fertilization guidelines for established

turfgrass lawns in three regions of Florida .................... 29

Table 6. Landscape plant nitrogen

fertilization rates ........................................................... .34

Table 7. Suggested ranges for Mehlich-1 extractable

soil nutrient levels for Florida turfgrasses ...................... 37

Table 8. Sufficiency ranges of tissue

N concentration for selected lawn turfgrasses ............... .38

Table 9. Sufficiency concentration ranges

for selected macro and micronutrients

in turfgrass tissue ............................................................ 38

Table 10. Reportable quantities for

certain pesticides ............................................................ 48

FLORIDA FRIENDLY BEST MANAGEMENT PRAOICES lor Protection of Water Resources by the Green Industries

Chapter 1: Introduction USING BEST MANAGEMENT PRAOlCES TO REDUCE POLLUTION AND CONSERVE WATER

I he pllllt'CIHIII of \\,llcr r uun.cs IS enhanced through turf- and l.mdscapc· uc pr.tcllcc 1h.11 makt• the m~l U'>C

1ll trdtnolog\ .ltld the prucucal cxpcncn<:~· of profc-.s•on­nl-. T ht•sc pr.ICilt cs .ultlrc :. pcc1f1c wnrcrn'>, mduc.hng tlw prutcuson ,,f '' ~ucr rcsuur\.c.s ''here pe:.uotle!> anti nutm·nt t·ntn ground \\ .ucr and .. urfacc water as a rc-.uh of nonp11tn1 uurc1 pollu1111n

l tliH r II) studtt•s dth'ughmu thl· wumry, mdudmg llnrid.l, h.1n· hu\\ n 1h.11 prupcrl) m.m.tgcd turlgrn'" .md l.md-.l.lpe-. do tllll ~tgntftc.Lntl} <:ontnbut t• tu nonpoml ~Ollf(C pnllultun, Pnllutinn mturs when lc...,·thnn-adc­qu.uc lllilll.lg~·mcnl In hlllqtH'' Mt' ll'>t'd DcHlopmg low­,,.,k 11 '•g.11w11 , kruhzt·t, .uul Jll':>ltctdc pro~r.tm'i, and t·nsunn~ th.u thc"c ptugr.tm'> .1re propnlv .ldmtm,lcrt•d .llld pt'llndtt.tll\' r~·' tnh·d. rt·duu·, the pu'''btht~ of nut11cn1 11111\CIIICIII oll-~ate. \\ hcnc\Cr po .... tble, profe • lllllal should edUl.IIC tht·u dtt'lll on lanc.brup'-' hl:'>l

11\.ln.I,I;CillCitl pr.tCIIet (B~IP,) th.tl cncour,tgc \\,IICI COil•

cl\,111011 ttnd polluuon prcH·nuon

1 "' g • .,al or the I ()J I' GtC\:11 lndtbll) B\11' arc 10

redulc nOII(l(IHll sourll' Jlolluuon .mJ promnte the cflt· den1 uo;c ol \\.lll:r, u (l,IIO\\

• Rnhttt' the nil· Ill' 1r 1mpon ,,f <.cduncnl, nutn~:nl<i, umJ p~ IICitlt• thruugh utl,tn' \\ I( r or ground \\llll r

c upprnprt!lll' ~Ill' dt• rgn .mtl pl.mt ,cft:ctum

• l 'l .tpproptt.tll' r.llr., .111d Tlll'lhnd .. nf nppl}111g fl'lltltzt•t llld trllg.IIU111

• lJ'>l' llllt"gt,llt'd JWSI 111.\ll,lgCIIll'lll (11'~1) tO lllllllll\121!

(lt'.sts .111d .tpply dwmllalo; nnlv ''hen .tppropmllc

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tonntl'ntul unpa 1s, \CI mct•ts clients' and CU'>tomcr CX(lCCIIlltOn lrng.llt~lll pntCilt:l' mnuen<:C hO\\ 11ft en \\ l' need 11' fcrtrhzc ~nd tlus can ,,ffccl thc ocnmencc of p\:~1 prohll'lll \\t rgh thes,• and nthcr f.tctnr \\hen maktng l.mdscnpc man.•gtmt 111 dec1 ton"

The fu t ttlttton (l!tlus manual wa .. published tn the um­mcr of 100.! lly tlw end nl 2009, rnorc than 100.000 man· uaJ., lwl bct:n dt mhutl~, 1n hoth l ngJt,h and Spam<.h \t'r­Sions \I orr than JO,OOO glo' c bo:\ .,,zed .. ummary book Jete;

h.l\l' ,1lo;o ~t'll th.,tllhutrd In thr I.~St ft,c }l";trs, more th.m 10 000 pcopll• h,t\C oht.1trwd fom1al ccntltratrun through Dr P lll li · II·AS ~p011"1Hl'd ft,lllllllg, 11110 01.111}' of thl'~C

plOpll h.tvl' t.lttghtlltht'r" .thout thl BMP<t, bUl tht:} cltd not oht.un lotm.d n·rufl<".tlltll1 thruuKh tht: Unl\ crsuy.

Fl!JIIf 1 w,t~, proper BMPs, our wotcr re~rctu c:on $U<Ctishllly coex•ll w.th rcn•doohollondscope~

Smcc 1 he Clllgmal puhhl 111111\ uf tlus B~tl1 nutnu:~l , Sl'\ c r· ,,I nc\\ 1.1\\ s ha\ 1 hccn pa" rd, Ill'\\ f( c:uch compl•·lt·d, and Ill.'\\ ptllthtt:IS dt·\cloprc.l I hcrdllrc, tlus llllll punt­mg cnnt.lln Ill'\\ mlorma11on 111 m:tm .arr:~s , \ 'fl''"'''" conlcnung ung.uton }'''Ill'> and h•nrh:1'1 u ,., .tlong \\llh lllolll\ OIIH'I suss• !>I hill llClCI\l"tl from dO!lllS ,,,

lund caper und othrr t:l'l·ang 10 tll1prml' tht h11ok I has rc' lswn \\llUIJ nul In· a-, good '' tthnut llwu tdt'.t') Ullll C\llltrthUII(lll ,

I ht lllllllll.ll pto\IUl pl'llfll C\.tlllplt•., of hm\ 11\11'~ lllt)o:lll \\lllk Ill l)ptc,tf SIIU.IIIOil' I hc"l' l'X,IIllJlk" ,Ill'

not 111\',1111 Ill lllllltllliZl' C:Oilct'll1' l"OU.IIl'U Wll h nthL'I turlgr ,,.,~ ur pl'"' pwhkm ... 1\ II h11t1~h u·n.u n nth' .ut• ml'llllllllCd , tht., puhlt<".lllllll '' .111 ctlut.llllllllll. 11111 ,t

tcgulatory, ducunwnt \I\\ a~ .. dH·ck \\llh st.tlt' .111d lnlal .llllhmlllc~, bt•utuo,,• J,)~alnrJm.mn' m.l\ h~ mm~·

r lrtciiH' thun kdt·r tl or t.ltt: rcgul.lltnll'

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES \I Ill) ut~·a of the ''"e art' runnmg hm ''" frt.,ll\\,llt'r uppltr \\, t~r conscrYUIICm ,., on~ ol thl· most uuct.tl

ISSUe f.Htng Il,mda tn the future,. nd .tppl mg the B~ll' de cnhcd m tlu m.mual "tlllwlp to conscnc our p•e· liOUS fr1 h \\ <IICr

tmc tht· pass.tgc l'f tht• Cit an \\atn All ,tnd tlw hlllll.l -

llnn <'I 1 he l I m nonmcntal l'rolcc 1wn 1\genq, tn:m~ nduu., lltdl·~ ha\l' been made m dl.llllllg up our 1111

nntl '>'<llt•r ~1o 1 of tllll> ck.ump h.l'o hn·n ucu11ll)llt.,hnl through permlltlllg .md till' •~·gul.1t1on of pm111 '0\lllt's ol pullutHlll o,ln h ,Is l,tcllll) o,mnkco,t,tck' and ~C\\UP,I.' tit,. ch.ugl''

Deporlmont of En•oronmon!ol PrtJ hon - lle•.,lftd DCCEMBER 2008, 2ND l'RINTING 2010 •

In umtru 1, nonpotnt .,oaun• pnlluuun ulmt·o:; !rom thllu'>e o;ouru·., lllllt .1 ~ocr.uctl \\ 11h tht• long-term dlc~.:h of l'H r) d,l\ .rtll\ atrc It 1 t.trr ted prunanh h) r.unf,tll .md mrg.llrt'll \\.Ill' I, \\ lud1 t.l\l~l polhat.lllls th.ll Ita\\' .tetll· mul.llcd on the l.md surl.ht' 10 run olluuo surf.ttc \\,Htr'> or 1n lt.tch 11110 ground\\ rtcr \V.11cr '' thL· pnm.H} mr~.:h · .uu m lor the tr.ln'iport ol dt c1IHJ chemtc.,ls throu~h the orl Nonptlllll SOUHC polluuun lllol) not lx' oh\IIIU'i un11l ,, rarnf.11l 1' nt ()(tUI , ll'.1dmg to tornm.ucr nanoll fl\1111 w.tdo;, p.trkrn • lots, suhurh .. rn rca , ami !.urn., h llmt<l.ts popul.rtwn It,,., o .. ucd, thi I) PC n[ pollution Ita' hu Ullll till Hill I tngl) llllJlllll,llll ISSUC Ill the '>late

\l,\11\ olllorrd.ts \\Uitr rt.-.olltlt''i,\H' p;~rtrtularly su.,u:p· trhlr 111 pnllut11111 ht'(,lli'>C of tiH· t,ttt•\ llllii.JUC ~cnlog~ .md dtm.lll' I luwlr.rns Clht.nn mn-,t olthctr drrnkmg \\,llt'r lrn111 gmund \\,lh 1 '"' \H'IIs (.rouml ''·"''''up­plrt~ 11lttn Ire lll.tr thl' :.url.1u' .111d 111.1\ he W\CICU h) rwthrng hut s,llld) .,orf url.rcc \\ tlos 111 I lo11da .rrc \'Cr} tll'>ltiH' to C.\l n m.tll .Hiduwns ul ('k!lhllmn, \\ htdl h,l\ c

c.lll ul \\Jdcsprr.ut ctt'S)~It'lll clt.utgt•s 111 our !>t'll'>lllH'

c'\tu,ulcS, lake , m tr , .111d till' I 'crgl.•dr. .

In otclt'l to prc\Cnt po11:n11.1l h .tchmg and runoff, ll'>er of lcrllhzus unci pt llCHI ncnlto con ruu th( \\c,llhcr conchllllll • proper .tpplt .111011 mtc or prodlH:b md c-.th· ht 1111 Ill of CCjUIJIIlH.:Ilt, Oil ('H)()<tllt:S, the dtsl.lllCC 10 the \\tllt:r t.thlt•, the !.lllpc ,,f 1hc lnnd .u1ll the cho;tance Ill sur· (.ICe'' ucrs and storm clr.un , all u[ this 111 adduaon Ill plant nutrrtton, dtscasc, and pest [:Jctors

ltt•mt·mhl·t, .111 mtnu• ul fH t'\l'nl wn ,., \\orlh m.uw t.l~1 tl.u., u l t un·.

prc.•c<t our eovtronmonr

IMPORTANCE OF MAINTAINING HEALTHY lANDSCAPES AND TURF \\l'll · pl.tnnt•d , lll'.lhh) l.md .. t.lfllS dt•stgnnl \\llh florrt.l..1 · lrtl'llllh l.tndo,t,rpt pr.tt!Hl'""'n.tll} rndudc lrL'l'~ , ot n.Ulllllllll", .111d ,, (,1\\ 11 ol lurlgr,,.,o; or utlu:r ground

UIH'r N.llt\l' 111H! \\clt-.ul.l[lll'll , rwnrm.1 .. 1vc orn.mwnt.tl., uHitrlhutc In lUI) and h.tl.mlt' to ,1 pmpcrt}. prO\Idt• .,Jtadr und \\lluhh· lt.~hrtat, .u1c.l hdp tnwntrolt'lll"lun h\ Jummo;Jung the lorn· oiJ.unf.tll Bmh tht• 1.1\\n .tnd othn l,mdS< tpt pl.mung"> rt·dun· nm~e .1nd gl.lrt , and nwt.ltf) tempt r llurcs

J\ lw.ahh)' ,md \lgnwus nul ''"h guod plant dt'INI~ pro· \IU~ man) hcndu . I h:ahh) gra ... ,., -.t~:wl·t.l a., .m :w • thc11c a !>tl, nntJ n gr,>wmg hoc.lr uf ,., rdt:nn· fl(liOh to tlw po Ill\ c hc.1lth and til\ lllllll11t ntal tontnhullnn-. madt· hy l:mns and other turf nrl'.ts lurfgm.,s pla}s ,1 'tgndtl.llll

wlc rn rnlullng \\,llt'r runollm urhan .md ~uhurhJn l'll\ IIOilllll'lltS th.ll h,l\ l' l~lllfll,llll <lrt:.l'i of llll(lt:l \IOU'>

url.tn ~ut h ,.., p.u kmg lots, ~ldt'\\,tlk-., nnd dnH'\\.1)''

fkll!>~ turl ltUUlCS tlw \l'lcllll) of lllllllrf .111d .tlhm'>

gH'.Ih'r mltltnHion lntn hoth till' th.uth .uulwnt ZtliH", \\ ht•rc rnrunht''i c.ln lwgtn hn•.tklng down the \\,ltt r lOll·

tnlllllltllt~ I he wrlgr.t ...... runt zo11~ I'> .1 untq\ll' .,011 '>\'

lt'lll \ III'Hitll\ llltll zone dol' tht• lnllnwmg

• lmpwHs sort !olt\ll.:llllt .mJ redun·-. ... ml umtp.ltlhlll,

.tllm\tnggr .llt'l tnhht.lllllll ol r.un or trng.111nn \\,lilt ,

• lmptiJ\CS sori[Hou· '>l th.ll l.urht.lle thl' b1ot.l~:gradJ · tiOil (hrcUkOO\\ rt ) or \,HICI\IS l) pt' ol org.lllll pollut.llll.,,

,ur cont.tmrrlants, and pestle Ilk-. U't·d 111 l:m n l.tre,

• I n our gt s sotl·hutlthng ptt) c''f.'> through tlw dl.'com po.-.uron til organic mall~ r und lorm.111on t'f humus, .mel contr ahutt s 1u '·''It r l.l\\ n c.tre '' 11h k" d W\l'U!>

lllld lllSl'll und II'S!> dl lol'i'

CULTURAL PRAOICES FOR HEALTHY lANDSCAPES 1'l.1nt !'.l'lt:t t ton and l(lt.ltllln lilt the 11111~1 1111pon.tnt f.tctor 111 pl.mnrng ,c 1.1\\ n und l.tnus~.:npc Ahu wc.11hu , cultllt,ll ptolltlt\~ olrl the hrp~t-.1 f,tltOh 10 th:tCrlllllllll~ lum \Hit 1111 ,lgllllltllllll or ltortltUilu r,tl progr.un pt r lortll'i I ht• allllllUill ol pcstrcltlc ... lcri111Zl'r • nnd \\Uil'f

rntutrul often Ulltt tlr torrdall' with tUitural pt.H:IICt''i

,111d lui\\ \HIIIIH') 1111 t.rrrrrd nut

t..mJsC".tpt: prnfl' smn.tlo; ha\ c a H'~P"""' hll11 \ to uppl) thcu cu tomt IS" 11h rdut.llllln.tl malcrr.tl on thctr rolt• 111

kccpmg t uri ami otlu r l.mJ.;c.tpt• plants he<~ I tin I hr'> 1ncluJ • ( .1 uppmprtalt") tnf,mnallcHl nn rrngauon, IIlli\\ •

tng, pl.mt clt'CIIOII , Dl r llllln, .111cltrafhc control. I l'\\ J.md capmg und l.m n C111t' cmnpamcs ha' 1 IIlla I t omwl mn ,,11 a~pcct~ oltlw pwpt rttt lht') matnt.un It '"not

uncommon for mo" mg fcrultzauon, pl>st managum·nt , and tnrg,uum m.untrn.lllll' tolw pulmmcd h) 1\\0 Ill mo1c ~.:ompanH' . ur tlw homt'o\\ twr ma\' do om· 01 lllllh'

1ohs thrm cl\l It 1 ollht• utmo 1 unpml:lrKc ltll'Ulll.liC

Ol,tnm~ 1 ull(llll "''t' c:ultur:JI pr.!Cllll'' o du•y t'otn ~n· th.u 1h1' nrl' prtltllrmd prnp~rl}

{ ultur.d pr.tllllt'~ 1ndmk trng.mnn , krulrzallun , mow111g .tnd prulltng. u~:r.urun ,rnd deth,tt< h1ng \vlll' ll l'ach of

• FlORIDA fR ENOlY BEST MANAGEMENT PAACitCES lor Prm.ctoon ol Water Raoun8j, by the Green lndu1tro1K

tht•..,c 1s pcrlu11nnl JliiiJH'd) , tlw nc~·d [m p1• tlnd,·s 1~ rcduu·d hn.lll"t pl.1111s .md uarl~r.t.,,t . .., .He hc.tlth1cr unJ llllllc rc'il I 1111 Ill pt• I p10hlcms

llw wilt t pt ul lllh'gr.llnl I'· 1 \l,magcnwnl (IP\1) t•mph.ISIZt''i prupt•r cuh ur .11 prntllCt"' alon~ "11h sclcd mg pl.lnt s1,cc It's, '.lflc.:lll"S .uul cult 1\ .no; 1 h.u nrc Jc.,., uscrpu­hlc Ill 11\St Cl , llrllloliOth , ,IIH.Jt!l't ,lS(:s, .md hc-.t ad.lplt J tn thc em lllllllllCIII,IIwndunms ol tin• lie and gl'ngl.tph· IC p.lfl ,,J til\ l.lll

Mm' •ng ht·•ght ha'i .1 ucuwndou unp.tll till tht• o.,c\ cnt\ Ill \\'lld , lll!>lll , .1nd d1 t',ISt'l>l' ts In ~l'lll'ral , lu\\l'flllg tllt' ht•tght lllllcU<;t' \H cd, Ill t'l.;l , .111d Jl,t',l'tl' prl"-.Wrt' Ill\

turl~l-:1 .... ..,In t.IIISing 111rf ~tress I hnt• .Ul' c\u:pllnn ... tl\\Ml \'lllll'IH'S, trnttpnlt•gr.tss .uul1mpro\ed ht'lllllHl.a­);l•'""l h.tH' hmt'l 1110\\tllg ht aglu .. th.m tlw ..,,,utd.ud nfh'll ll'l"lf I til l,m II .amJuHilllH'H 1.11 lllrfgr,l"'l''i Still, nrn lht•o;t hi\H'I glll\\11\,g \olfiCttCs Will '-Uifa 'trc" If 11\ll\\ t•d lOCI ltutt

1'1\llllllg I ,111 llllJl<lll.llll l,l.,k Ill fll,llfll.lllllllg .1 l,md .. l,IJlC

r hr11ugh 1111' t•lct 11\l' rcmmui,,J hno1s und hmm hcs, Jlllllllllg u pl.mt cun lmptmr 11 hl'.thh , ~ontrolu' gt~m 1h, .ulll c:nh.tnce "" lruumg, Oo\\cnng, 1H appc.&r­unn lmpwpt r prumng. tlll the t1thcr h.uul , m,l\ \H'.tli.t•n .1 pl.1111 , open 11 1<1 Ill\,, 11111 h) d1 e.tse ur mscd pc.'>lS, or cHIIIt.IU 10 pr mature tlca1h ol1lw pl.mt ln~:orrtCI tJ,,. poS<d of 111.111 1111 lllol\ lead to the prcndmg of dt'>l':t c or

pests, 111 ol1hr. !>Jli{•Hhng ultm.t IH' spcCJt:'

111111 krllllzt r ,tppJH::.IIHIIl" II) IJ1.1XIIlll%t' pl.lfll liSt' .tntJ IIIIIIIIIIIZl' ,l!hti!>C t"ll\llllllfllCIIlotlllllfl,ICI'- PJ.tnl'> ll"l' thl

mo~t nuwgcn dur~ng pt:rtll<ls nl h1gh ghl\\th, and It'!>' \\h\:11 dllflllll11t llmH \II, II I IIIIJliHIIIIII Ill U\tlld J~rtlhz· t'l uppht.IIIOII'i tl htav> r.a111 '' npn tt•d hdtlfl' the nut II·

t'nts ·"'' tmmuhtltZt·d In tht'm), lrrttut·nl , ''l'r) hglu ·•rrll· t.ltlono; u1 "<;poun lu·dtng.," of turl .null.uHhtiiJll'!l a11'

idt·HI lllll\"clld k.tl hmg .1 l.ugt' .tllHllllll Ill orw lime dut to •' htll\\ 1.1111 t\l'nt , hut llll'i •~ thiiHuh tn.lllllnt• o;,cld \\lllltlut 'Jlt:tl.al m.ni.ISt'llll nl , .. ud1 ,1slor goH tour .. c

g•ctn.. lcm rdi'U'il' lt·ruhzt·r :tllCillJll to m.uch tlw, IUr,tf

pttlhit' ilnllllJIIIl k· olllll shl\\·h'll'~l t' kr11hzcr., ha\C I

pl.l{ e 111 ~ .,ountl m.mugtllll'lll prll);f .am

lt~llll:.cllon ul pl.uus ca n rouh 111 .tddllll•nal gnm th .md prudtH 111111 o[ le1n cs, ll'lll hr.llll he ,111d mot I"'" C\ t r, .tdduwnnl gro\\ th c-.m r1· uh 111 more malllll'· 11,111{1' ant! )<Ud tflllllllll\g, t• II IS IIIIJ1tlrl.llll to tl~lcr­llliiH' tl ht•a,' gu"' 1 h 1 the d th:d rc uh l'crultzauon

I II u:tll) tii'SIIolh(l• \\ lh II lr} IllS Ill ~~t.thll'h Ill.'\\ h tn.,tullt-d l.md .tpe pl.mts In utldlllllll , .tddmg kruhzcr l.lll IHip pl.IIIIS gl'llllllo n <jUICk Ioiii .. I) lhl') flllthl· pl.tnll d .tr1 ,,

ln.ukqu.IH' lllllrllllln ll' uhs 111 tlun , \\l'.lk pl.tntc; th.u m.t} h1 llliHt' '-li'LI'fHihit' to 111'-l'll", wrnl .. , .uttl th'>l',!'>c-.. In .1ddt11un , \H,Ikt•nl'tl pi.Hil'> du not hultl 1lw .. uil ,,., \H"II ·'"

lw.tlth) tkn .. c sto~~td' .md t.tn k.cd to se~d t'Hl'lllll .and \\ ttt•r pollullllll <. tll.llll d"t~l l'.:;, .,u~h ..... tll'il ami tlnll.u 'lllll, t: .. lll Oll ur 111 Ill! I m.um.unrd undt•r In" · IIUllll'lll

tnnthtwns l nJt r ll'lllll::l'J l.mdo;oiJW pl.mts m.t\ "quu • • 1 Jugho 1h.111 lllllllt:IJt,llt' tlf llllltl~CII llf tllhl'l lllllrtl'lll

111 urJl'r to return w .t ht•.tlth) lllnthllon

(h t r-l1 ruhz.llton am alsotnh:tnCt pl.mt Ml.,n'pllhdu • w (lCSI!'> und dtsel;t..,,• <'H"r.tl pl,lllldc appht.lltun m.t\ lw ll quucd 111 .tilt•, l.lll pr11hlt•Jlls thai \\'Ould lltll h,l\ 1' ht'lll

,1 (lie\ tit Ill UlltiU ll proper 11\llllllllll fll e~gr ollll

R~ mrrnhu 111:11 pl.tnr.. d11111 ",t.,ll' ".ua, twnpk do In ,1

1\ Jlll.tl urh.m til\ lfllflfllt'lll \\ ht•rt ,nil.:; .uul h,thll,rl h,,,.,. hun mmhhnl , upplt·nwtH.IIung.uton ,., m·tt'''·tn lo1 th1 stn\ 1\,tl olm.tll\ turf .111d tHII.\IIIlllt.ll pl.ttll .. clur11tg pn111d.., nl '>l'\l'll' 111111'>1\llt' dl fttlt'llt \ IIO\\t \l't 0\t'r\\,1·

lt'rtllg 111,1\ 11\tll',hl' lll'l"t'l , wn•d , .111d dlo,l,..,l Jlll"'t"llll'S

hll t'\,tmpk. cxu· '-1\t' llltll'tlllll' Ultnttt.t~t'' tlw dndop­llll'llt ol dull.ll\\l'Cd .tnd lung.al p.tthngt'll' ( 1111\l'l l' h ,

.. omr w n·ds Ill h u., sptn gt• .mtl I lond.1 pu .. ll'\ 1 hrtH' undt•r tlr} utmltuono; and ~ 111 outollllJll'lt' turlgr.l"" o;u[­lrnng lrorn tlrougl11 str~·ss \ h.tl,tn~c 1:0 net• !>"·"> 111 kt~p tht• l.mdscapc strong .mtl he.thh\

I he 11\t:r.tgc 'olumc t)l r.unl1ll m Jlnll(l.t r.lng,•-.lullll ·10 tnt Ill's 11111111311) 111 Kc) \\est IU abtl\11 51tn~ l11 111 tht: <lrllral and nonhc1n ptrun.,ul,l and O\Cf oO ant he lnlht•

Panhandle '". 1 of lull.thas u· .111d .tiling tlw .,,,utlw . .-.1

•

F1 r 3 Poor lcrhltzotiOil !othneque WO\Im. fenolezer, cou~ vnstghtly sloons, and pollulm. ovr wot rbodo~n

11M 1 hdu" l..lkt.• 01\rl'dwht•t·. In p:trt-. ,,r tlw ll'nll.tl ,\1\d !'.CIUthl'lll Jllllllh\11,1, llllll~· th.tn h.1ll ol l ltu 1d.t tut.tl .tnnuJI r.unf.•ll•o;. tunt cntratt•d hcl\\tcn )luH .md St.'flll'lllht•r Du11ng tlw \\ llth·J .md !>pnng, 111 dt11111g

~tmcnl ol E.nvt~oniTIClf•lol Prc•tt!Ctoan- R,.,,wc~ DE< EMBER 2008, 2ND PRJN1 NG 2010 •

severe drought years, the lack of rainfall may seriously compromise plant health. Landscape plants, including turfgrass, that are growing in soils with a limited capaci­ty to retain moisture can benefit from supplemental irrigation during periods of low rainfall. Even during the rainy season, evapotranspiration (water loss from plants and soil) occurs between showers and may neces­sitate supplemental watering while plants are becoming established.

Determining and controlling the rate, amount, and tim­ing of irrigation can minimize soil erosion, runoff, and fertilizer and pesticide movement. The irrigation system should be designed to have an application rate that is less than the infiltration capacity of the soil so that no surface pooling occurs and water percolates with maxi­mum efficiency. Rain sensors or soil moisture sensors eliminate irrigation when nature has supplied sufficient water. A correctly installed and operating rain sensor, which is required by law on all systems installed after 1991, can save up to 30% or more over a timer-only sys­tem. If you notice a defective rain sensor while perform­ing other work on a property, try to notify the owner so they can get it repaired.

The use of pesticides for controlling pests remains an important part of landscape plant management in Florida. The key to reducing pesticide use is to combine genetic, cultural, and biological management practices into an IPM program that focuses on the prevention of pest problems. When suppression is necessary, it is easier to suppress a pest when conditions exist that do not favor its development. For example, diseases can be hard to manage during periods of heavy rains but if over­watering is promoting disease, cutting back irrigation will help suppress fungus much more effectively than fungicide applications alone.

BMPs to protect water quality can be affordable and easily implemented, and are effective in reducing the off-site transport of sediment, nutrients, and pesticides. Select pesticides that are the least toxic, least water soluble, least volatile, and most effective. The best defense against the movement of pesticides and fertilizer nutrients off-site or through the soil is a thick, vigorously growing stand of turf or other landscape plants.

Pesticides must be correctly applied. Spray when condi­tions for drift are minimal, avoid application when heavy rain is expected, and irrigate with appropriate volumes of water per label instructions. Granular applications should be targeted away from impervious surfaces and bodies of water. The landscape manager should check the proper calibration of equipment before every pesti­cide application.

Always follow the label directions for disposing of pesticide containers.

EMPLOYEE TRAINING The effectiveness of any program is only as good as the understanding of the personnel responsible for final application. BMPs are no exception. For BMPs to be effec­tive, the technicians in the field must understand their role in protecting our water resources. This understand­ing can only come from the development and implemen­tation of employee-training programs.

Employees should be given pertinent information relating to their job duties, especially job safety. The Green Industry is very diverse. Companies range in size from one or two individuals to very large corporations. Firms of any size may choose to avail themselves of horticultur­al and practical training available through professional associations, governments, or the county Cooperative Extension Service.

In addition to the BMPs, it is recommended that managers, salespeople, and supervisors take advantage of Florida Yards and Neighborhoods (FYN) training events where they are provided by their local IFAS Extension office. While consistent with the Green Industry BMPs, FYN training is geared to homeowners, and in some areas to retailers and homebuilders. While FYN is the "homeowner" BMP guide and applies to maintenance of all types of yards found in Florida, it also addresses design of diverse landscapes that mini­mize use of irrigation, supplemental fertilizers, and cor­rective pest control. FYN classes also focus considerable attention on specific plant selection, placement, and care. This information is tailored to local conditions and soils, topics beyond the scope of this manual. There is a growing demand for people to install and service these yards properly, and this may provide an opportunity to expand your client base.

If you are doing planting or irrigation work, or any other digging, find out where utility lines are buried before you dig in order to protect yourself and your crew from injury and prevent damage to underground utility lines. Train your employees that a call to 811 starts the process of getting underground utility lines marked for free. Calling 811 in Florida routes you to Sunshine State One Call. Utility companies then send a professional locator to the location to mark underground lines within two full business days. Once the lines are marked, you will know the approximate location of the utility lines and can dig more safely. However, One Call member utilities typically locate only those underground facilities they own. Customer wiring and piping within the lot are not marked by One Call.

Employees whose job duties include activities related to BMPs should be properly trained to perform those activi­ties before going in the field. Applicable personnel at all levels of responsibility should receive refresher training annually on the general components and goals of the

FLORIDA FRIENDLY BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES for Protection of Water Resources by the Green Industries

BMPs, job safety, and the specific BMPs that apply to their jobs.

Documenting an employee's participation is an integral part of a successful training program. Employee training should be documented in an employee training log. This documentation provides the business with a tool to ensure the effective delivery of BMPs. It not only allows the company to track an employee's education and com­petence, but also provides a record in case of accident to show that the company provided the employee with the proper training to do his or her job. Records should have the name and signature of the employee, the provider or trainer, subject, date, and hours (time in/time out).

In 2009, the Florida Legislature enacted s.403.9335-9338, and s.482.1562 Florida Statutes, providing for fer­tilizer ordinances and requiring training and certification for commercial fertilizer applicators by 2014. Many local governments have ordinances that also regulate institu­tional and non-commercial fertilizer applicators and landscape workers. Many of these ordinances require education in these BMPs in order to obtain an occupa­tional license or to provide services to the public. Maintaining training records shows that your business meets these requirements.

Remember ... o Train employees about BMPs and job safety. o Retrain annually and when changes are made. o Train employees to document and retain records of

activities.

Finally, consider the real nature of your business. It is probably not the sale of pesticides, fertilizers, or gasoline. It is more likely that your real business is maintaining your customers' yards at a level that pleases them, at the lowest expense to you. Do not spend money applying materials that are not needed, or that are wasted by poor application practices or improper equipment calibration. Do not waste materials and time fighting the symptoms of problems you have no control over. Collaborate with other trades that have expertise you do not provide, such as an irrigation contractor. Then, if the irrigation system is causing fungal problems and dry spots, you can pro­vide the customer with repairs; fix the real cause of the trouble; and save money on fungicide, insecticide, fertiliz­er and labor. Using Best Management Practices mini­mizes both the environmental and financial costs of maintaining a healthy and attractive landscape.

Department of Environmental Protection- Revised DECEMBER 200B, 2ND PRINTING 2010

Chapter 2: Best Management Practices for Design and Installation of Landscapes

ll.uc soal'i .uul lopes \\llhOlll p1opr1 p!Jnt~.:O\\ r IH'

lughf) MI!.Ujlllhl~ lO CIOSIIlll c;diiiiCIII IC ulung from c1o 1011 1s llu lt-.ulmg l.IIISC of \\.ll~1hod\ ltnp.urm~nt and pollutron Sctlnm 111 clt'SIJO s f1o;h sp.m 11111~ hcd • r~duccs u dul stmag\: \Oiu•m.., 111 r st norr .... und IIHil'l~'>\., lrhra liOn 111~1.s lo• 11111111( 1p.tl \\,llcl upph\:., 1'1 Sllttd sand tllllllttll "'II h .t, 1111111gcu a11d pho.-.phoru-. c-.tn hrncl '' uh stdrn" Ills .md ht 11111\etl h\ run11111g \\,llcr \ lu·allh <;t,llllltlllllfl ,lllllftll 111h1 I J.111do; olpC plollll IIIII hdp Ill ••tlllllllt•t••!irnll und 11 dm r r\lllnl!, hm muo.;l h1 p111pr.d t:Sh•hh lu d .nul m.nllt,um d lo pwlt'l I \\ Itt r (Ill-till\

It 1s 1111(11111,1111 111 dt''il!,;ll IIH (,uubctpt• hdt•rc tno,t,&lhllg dll' 1111~.\llllll '>)'>It Ill 1111., .111!1\\ th1• Hll);illlllll S\,IC111 Ill

he 1h '-lgnul h• llll't't tl11 lll'1'd nl tlu• pl.uu' llhii'•Hinlllw (llhll \\,1\ olfiiiiiHI

Florida Statui s 125 568(3), 166 048(3), 371 · o5( i) and 720.3075(4) prov•do that a deed restriction or covenant or local government ordinance, moy not prohibit, or be enforced to prohibit, ony property owner from implementing Florida-friendly landscaping on his or her land.

In rn.&ll) ll'lllllllltltlll • consuu~ lion .tnd dt tgn docu· lllt'tll nnd pt rmrh nquuc lite 1gn.uurc .md sc.&l ul ~

1h rgu JllnltSSHIIl,tl lo JliOICtl llu puhlt(. l.rnds .1pc ~n htllll'iiiiHIJll•)lts<;tott.llcng&nctl Uh hu•nscd h\ the SIIIC ( lltll.llt \IIIII lm,d ,1\rtJmtlllC rf \1111, It' not llh

SITE EVALUATION AND LANDSCAPE DESIGN ll11 lou~ h 1111 \ .llut• of .t l.rn<J~, .tpc dt•p rt pt·rlollu., fw lis p.lrllculo&r ohJnll\ •s l'crlorm. uu• '" tift( II dlft:l tl\ li'l,urd In rlloiH l1111g ol <;II~; dt.lt:lCkri'>IIC'

.uul.1 cltcllt dc lit'>'' rth pl.m1 11 qutn·rnt•nt . I hcrl·lorc, till fllsl ... ,, pIn sckCIIIlg plants ror" IJncl .IJ>e ... 10

COIIclUtl ,t Ill c\,1111.111011 \\ htth 11\:1\ COil'iiSI of <;I Uti\ mg pl.uurug stlt ch.uo~t 1t:nst1 s Mllh us the amount ol un or hade, s.1h 'I'll') exposure ">or II) pc. pll, sml t ompacuon.

siClpc u11tl \\,Uti drnnt.tgc I hcsc ch.u.u tcnsll~.:.'> \\til mo<ol

l1kl'1) d1lkr hti\\CCII ttrcas on 1hc s;&mc pr.tpt tl} I or C:\lltnplt, the trcu •111•)111 !-Mh of ,&.,tnuturc 111:1\ h,l\C

Slgntlt,.urtl) dtllCitlll lrght 1 onchlrtltlS th.111 .111 .Ht.l on tht• Ctlht I lilt• (lll'olrllt I hill ollll\111~<; lila haH pmducnJ "~"'l'" comp.11 tlltll, 1111lnon 11,111\t sorls 111.1) h.l\t' ht•t•n II "''d ,ro; ftiJ Ill S(lllll' oil I' IS Ill h soils tllU\ lind ,I('Oftl,l

trnn 111 ,nm·ndrnt·ut to lw .. ull.thlt· lm pl.ltltrng llw .,l'l· oml Ml'P ,., 111 "dt·< 1 pl.uu., \\lila .ltlrthutl·., th.rt m.11d1 tlr~·

ch.u'ilclt 11 Ires t•f tht pl.u111ng lh' I h1 dl't£11Jll'''l'· Sllltt.ll should rl\\.1)!- ptm rdt tlw m\IH r "11h ,, tn md dr.m 111g ttltrllrf) rng t'.ll h pl.lllt 111 l>ul .tnd tht ll'llltl1·

Ill( ndl(l 111 IS·""'" tt qu ut·uwnt ~

l1•r lllllll' tnhHm.lllllll, Ml II \..., ( uurlnr 'Hh,lltl\11 Pdlltlfl/t \ cl( I illlll~cllfll l>c SIRII, .11 hup 1.1-'"~·ll.!~..u.a.. cdu/M(,Q8 1

FLORIDA FRIENDLY LANDSCAPE DESIGN STANDARDS In 1004 thl' llolr,Ja lq;r.,l.tltm • h .u. d sn tlon 3il 228 lionel;~ t.llllhs, drre~:llng lh1• lkp.uuncnt ol ln,uon tnl:nt.JI l'rotccllon the \\,11~.:1 l.m.tgcnh nt llr tn\ls, and~~ \CIJI sial choldt 1 gr(lups to de\ 1 l' t.md.ud IM I. rut CRJh lrn~.ttlon :111tl I torula- I 111 11dh l:llldsc.•pt d< ~1g11 I hcst <;l:HHI.nd" \\l'lt nd••ptcd 111 Pt'( t'lllhtr 20Ub Inc tl gmtlllllh rus lllll'>l "' tlll'>t' ~t.1ntl.uds '' htn udnpuug loc,&l lltdtn.lllll' .lilt r th.u cl.&h'

llurrtl.& l.m ddtnt·s till' 111111 prtlltlpll nl ll1111d.t hH·mll l.uuJ.,, .tprng to mdudt• pl.tnttng th. ragh1 pl.u11 m tlw ll~hl pl,H l', dirt HIll \\,lttllllg, .tpptnpll<lll flottriiZ.lllllll,

a FLOR DA fRIENDLY llESl MANAGEMENt PRACf ES lor Pro!actooo c.f Wdef Rmourc:m hy ~"'G..- lnd111.trtm

These land~cape and irrigation design Standards shall be used by local governments when developing landscape irrigation and Florida Friendly landscaping ordinances, pursuant to section 373.228, F.S.

Flondo Fncndly Londscopc Dcstgn Standard~

A Low tmpoct s•lc dcsrgn prochccs, such os prcscrv tog cx•shng nollvc trees and vcgeta11on, shall be used rf fca"hlo Where cstoblrshcd noturcl vege!o hon IS •ncorporotcd cnto the landscape design, rrrrgotton of those orcas shall not be rcqutrcd

8 Th plant palette and 1mgohon $)'Stem .hall be cppropnot for •• tc conditrons, toktng into accoont tltut, 1n 101no cow:s, 50tltmprovcmcnt ccm enhance wot r usc clftc1cncy

C Plants ~holl be oroupcd together by irrigation cJ rncmd

D Th pcrccntog of lan<hcopcd orca in irrigated htgh wol r u~o hydroLoncs ~ould be min1m1zcd locol government ordtnanccs shall oddrcu the pcrccntog of trngotcd landscaped area that moy be cndudcd rn h1gh wotcr use hydroz.oncs Thew h1gh water uw ltm11S should not apply to land scapcd orcas rcqutnng lnrg amounts of turf for thcu pre mary funcllons, c 9 , ballftdds and ploy grounds

mulchrng ttl rnc11011 of '' 1ldltlc t ~.,pon.,thlt nt.mage mcnt of )•lid J~l'i tCC)Chng }•'d ,,,,stc, rcchrttiUII of.,llllllt"·'

111 runoff nnd \\illl:tlillm flltlltlllt1n \ddtltott.1l rompo

ncnt ol llt•ttd:t lne11dl) l.mtl .tpc rncludc pl.mnu1g .utd

dcs•~n. 'oil un.th .,,s, tht tl'>t' 111 ... ulul ''·'"h' \lllllfl""' · pt.H 11 101luo;c olturl , .111d pro•pc.•r m.unltll.JnCl'

llll!t 0\11' m.rnu.al lor prok~stnn.tl., .ntd tlw llnnd,, ,,uds .nul Nctghh.u hood., ( I 'N) pro~gt.tms lm hnnu·tm Ill''" lwmcbtnldttS .111d dt \dnpt•ts, .md rt t.ul1 ,., .tro h.t.,l'd

on thl~t rttrtt pn11nplts, dtllcttng 11111) 111 It•< u ... m~ o11 the 11rnl nl then t.ar~t't .llldlt'IIH' All .uc p.111 111 till' I lund.t lllclllll) l.o~rtdSCaJh., prognun, ,, p.utna-.lup ht'l\\nrt tin llond.t n p.lllll\t'llt of I II\ HOIIII\l 111.11 l'tnh I tlllll , tht l I II \ I II\ lrl>lllllCIIt.tl lltHIICllhutc. ncp.trlllll Ill und ( t nh 1 f111 I :md t.tpc ( 1111 tl\.1111111 .null {olog, ,111d tl11 ll\c \\,till m.mt~tllllnt dt llltlS

PLANT SELECTION Bt lAIII~t· Ill• II I\ ol I ht pl.Uih 11-.l·tl Ill I lt•nd.t \.11\ \\ ~tkh 111

111111 ,ttl.tpt.lllllll, lllfl<;ttfl r,runn ::.hnuld ht ~1\l'l\ lntiHhlS

lng gr.ISM'-. .ntd ntlllt pl.tnl., th.ll .11~ .,llllt d 111 tlwu p~11ttt

ui,H Ill\ IIIIIIIIH'IIl

~eft l llttg lfll' COIIt I I gm ., I'; lllth ,tl ltl lll.lllll,lllllllg .1 (,1\\ II

<-ucccsslull luhlt l 1.111 ht lp t•u d1oo:.c tlu gr.t s th.ll l!t

l>l'!.l """' d to u p:tllllltl.u tll'illlrtH r, ln<.llton , .md ll"'

Jo clt:Ct the nght gross, I hr..' £nfiO\\IIIg C(lll II11IIS .. Jwu(d he a ked

• \\ lrw 1\J'• o} ''' " n 1\ ,/, '"' tl 111 1 ' I" r tulwul •dwt It \I'/ ,,, 111<111111/ltlllll ( '"' ,,, Jlltl\ idttl? Jill''"'''''' lll.lllllt 11:111Cl" n qutrcd ts dosch rd.ucd IUlO~I nnd 111111 . \\ 11h

htgh m.unlt IIUIIt t 111rf 1 ns1111g the lilt lSI md 1,tl mg lh• most lillie 10 IIIUIIII,llll I h1111nl\\ Ill I lwuld lllltktSilliUJ

rc.llt~tlc:rlh \\ h.u IIHtr (_>piton"'"' and\\ h.ll l'.tch tllt.lllo;

Table 1 Compor•son ollowngumc~ cv01labl lor u~ "'Floodo Common luwn gross $(1CCitlS usee/ m FlornJa Som of the spocres mCiy vary by culltvor) for ciiOtCJC/omlrcs /tstocl

~Environment Bo~i~gross-· Bermudograu 7 enlipeocgross Seculiore Pospolum Sl. Augustinl'grou Zoys1ogrou - ,_ Aroo Adopted To St IOWldc Stoti!W•de N FlomJo and StolcwtJ Stolowtdc ~lotawld

Ponhondlo (ooo cultovor adapted to

South Florida) -McrN•ng H ght 3" ... CultiVOf Dr:pcndcnt 1 s• 2 s· os· 2• Cullivat Dcpcndcnt Cultivor {)(opcnclcnt

o 75" 1 s· 2 2 5"or 3 5 .4" 1.5" 2~5· Soil Acid, sandy Wtdo range Act~- tnfcrtilo Wid range Wide range w,de range --

Leaf TC!l<1urn Coarsc-mcdtum Cultivor Depenclcnt Mccf,um Ftn medium CultiVOf' Dc>pcnclcnt Cvlti'll)r Dcpcndcnt ftnc·mcdium Coa!'Se'modrum FtrmomOtlrum - Soft Tol ronal Poor Good Poor Extdlcnt Good Good

Shade TOlerance Poor Poor fotr Poor Good Good Wear Tolcronco Poor Good ex£:CIIcnt Poor Good•cxccllent Poor Good-cxc.ellcnt

Drought folcrancc Excellent Good Mod tum Good fotr Mcdtum

Ncmotodo Joloroncc Very good Poor Poor Good Good Good --Ma~ntcoonc Level low Cuft,vor OcpcrtJont

Modtum Htgh low l1igh Modoum Modtum ~l1gh

Estoblo~lunenl Merhoch Seed~ Sod, ~Pfl9S Scod, sod, Sod, plug,, Sod plugs, Sod plugl, plugs, Ultld 'P"9'· plug, 'P119'• $ood sprtgs t.prog,, seed

• What are the environmental conditions at the planting site? Most importantly, what are the soil type, pH, drainage, and other soil characteristics? Has it been compacted by construction activity? Does the site con­tain low fertility subsoils brought in for fill? Is the site irrigated? Can it be easily mowed? Is it shaded or in full sun? Will it be shaded in a few years? What is the quality and the expected quantity of the water available for irrigation? What pests are prevalent in the area? Are pest-resistant cultivars available? Reclaimed water may contain high levels of chloride, leading to salt accumu­lation in the soil. When planning or renovating a land­scape, check with the reclaimed water provider regard­ing chloride levels, and if necessary choose plants that are salt-tolerant.

SELECTiNG TREES, SHRUBS, AND GROUND COVERS The plants selected should be suited to the characteristics of the site that were determined during an earlier site analysis. Good landscape design requires that plants serve particular functions. They should reduce cooling and heating costs and improve the appearance or usefulness of the landscape. Plants should be selected and positioned to provide a transition between the structure and the landscape, a screen for privacy, shade for comfort, and wildlife habitat, or to direct traffic flow onto and within the property. Select plants that will not outgrow their allotted space. Even though smaller cultivars of landscape plants may take longer to reach the desirable size, they will not have to be pruned as frequently and are less like­ly to need replacing in a few years.

See http://hort.ifas.ufl.edu/woody/index.html for informa­tion on individual plants.

PLAN'IJ'ING

PREPARING TO PLANT A LAWN Proper soil preparation before grass planting is critical to ensure the establishment of quality turf. Preparation determines how quickly the lawn becomes established and its long-term maintenance requirements. The general guidelines for preparing to plant a lawn are as follows:

• CallSll before you dig (or 800-432-4770 or www.callsunshine.com)-before installing any and/or all plant material.

• Clean and rough grade-remove debris and level the area to make it suitable for mowing.

• Install irrigation-if you are including an irrigation system, install it prior to planting.

• Soil analysis-determine soil pH and phosphorus and potassium concentrations. Contact your county Cooperative Extension Service for infonnation on how to do this.

o Soil amendments-add these prior to planting if you need to improve the soil's physical and chemical properties.

• Deep tillage-this loosens compacted soil and improves the establishment of turf. Tilling sand is unnecessary.

• Weed control-use a nonselective herbicide such as glyphosate to aid in weed control before planting. Several applications may be necessary.

• Final grading-a final leveling makes mowing easier and safer.

For more information, see Prepming To Plant a Florida Lawn, IFAS Publication ENH-02, at http://edis.ifas.ufl. edu/LH012.

LANDSCAPE PLANT INSTALLATION Before digging the hole, l) remove all soil from above the topmost root, and 2) measure the distance between the topmost root and the bottom of the root ball. Dig the hole about 10 .percent shallower than this depth and as wide as possible (at least one and a half times the width of the ball and even wider in compacted soils). The root ball should be positioned in the hole shallowly enough so that the finished grade of the backfill soil and land­scape soil is lower than the top of the root ball. In other words, leave the upper portion of the sides of the root ball exposed to the air. Then apply mulch so that it covers the sides of the root ball. Be sure that when you are finished planting, there is NO SOIL, and little or no mulch, over the top of the root ball. Soil (as well as thick mulch layers more than 3 or 4 inches deep) over the root ball can prevent water and air from entering the root ball.

When finished planting, you should be able to see the topmost root in the root ball originating from the trunk at the soil surface. In other words, the trunk flare (root flare) should be visible. Soil should be packed firmly between the root ball and existing soil to eliminate air pockets where roots can dry out. Air pockets can be removed when planting large specimens by inserting a running hose between the root ball-soil interface several times until all the soil settles around the root ball.

CARE DURING PLANT ESTABLISHMENT Even the healthiest landscape plants installed in the most ideal circumstances may need a substantial amount of time, care, and proper irrigation to become established. During the establishment period, the roots are expanding out into the landscape soil, and the shoots and trunk grow more slowly than they did before transplanting. In most instances, established, drought-tolerant landscape plants have a root system substantial enough to keep them alive with little or no supplemental irrigation. Establishment occurs more rapidly when irrigation is supplied in the correct quantity and frequency.

FLORIDA FRIENDLY BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES for Protection of Woter Resources by the Green Industries

In addition to requiring special attention to irrigation, during their establishment period trees benefit from mulching and may require staking or guying. Pruning and fertilizing may also benefit landscape plants while they are becoming established.

For more information, see the following:

IFAS Publication ENH 860, Fertilization and Inigation Needs for Flmida Lawns and Landscapes, at http://edis.ifas. ufl.edu/EPllO.

IFAS Publication ENH 857, Inigating Landscape Plants Dwing Establishment, at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/EP113.

IFAS Circular 853, Pruning Landscape Trees and Shrubs, at http://edis.ifas. ufl.edu!MG087.

IFAS tree pruning website, Pruning Shade Trees in the Landscape, at http://hort.ifas. ufl.edu/woody/pruning/.

~INJVO~©!NJM~[r!J'iJ£[!. ~'ii'~~~~~~ ©!i\fl ll,JQ\W!i\fl~ Florida lawn grasses are subjected to many environmen­tal stresses as a result of prolonged exposure to shade, drought, nutrient deficiency, the effects of vehicle and foot traffic, salinity, and occasional cold temperatures. Biotic stresses result from living organisms such as insects, diseases, or nematodes.

Environmental stresses can be managed in two ways: 1) choosing the most stress-tolerant species or cultivar for a particular area, and 2) using proper cultural and man­agement practices to alleviate the effects of the stress. Practices that reduce environmental stresses include the following:

o Moderating nitrogen fertility. Nitrogen encourages the plant to form new tissue and grow. When nitro­gen is applied in excess, more energy reserves are used to form new tissue than can be replaced by pho­tosynthesis, and the grass becomes more vulnerable to stresses. Less reserves are then available for recovery from, or avoidance of other problems.

o Mowing at proper heights. Mowing below recom­mended heights removes a large portion of the shoot tissue available for photosynthesis. This leaves the grass less able to support itself or recover from injury.

o Irrigating when the grass needs water. Over irrigat­ing leads to the failure of many lawns by increasing fungal problems and limiting the root system to the top few inches of soil.

Many environmental stresses lead to increased disease or insect problems, which are often treated chemically without changing the cultural practices that initially caused the problem. Chemical treatment in these cases

will not take care of the problem until the cultural fac­tors are handled correctly.

~[HJ~[Q)~ «:©!Nl~O[Q)~M'ii'O©[i\1]~ !?@~ 'ii'IUJ~!?

Most landscapes include shaded areas, with shade coming from either trees or buildings. This shade can drastically affect turfgrass growth, depending on th~.; degree and duration of shade. In many landscape settings, grass receives a minimum amount of light for enough of the day to maintain adequate growth, even if an area is shad­ed for other portions of the day. In some situations, how­ever, a grassed area may be shaded for most or all of the day, making it difficult for the grass to obtain either an adequate intensity or duration of light for growth.

Under shaded conditions, turfgrasses have elongated leaf blades and stems as they attempt to obtain sunlight by outgrowing their neighbors. This reduces their overall health and vigor. Coverage is also reduced, and the bare ground that results is conducive to weed growth. It is generally not advisable to grow turfgrass in heavy shade. Other ground covers or mulch should be used in these sites. For areas receiving moderate amounts of shade, however, certain species and cultivars are able to main­tain suitable growth. Specific management practices also encourage better turfgrass health under shaded conditions.

Some species are particularly well suited for use in shad­ed areas. Within these species, certain cultivars some­times maintain considerable advantages when grown in a shaded environment. These species and cultivars include the following:

St. Augustinegrass is somewhat better than others for growth in partial shade, although it also performs well in full sunlight. Cultivars that exhibit the most shade toler­ance include 'Seville' and 'Delmar.' 'Floratam,' 'Floratine,' and 'Floralawn' exhibit somewhat less shade tolerance.

Zoysiagrass is another good choice for partially shaded areas. Like St. Augustinegrass, it also does well in full sunlight. Generally, any cultivar of zoysiagrass performs well in partial shade.

Bahiagrass is not recommended for use in shaded condi­tions, but centipedegrass tolerates some partial shade. Seashore paspalum and bermudagrass do not do well in shaded situations.

The following management practices produce better turf­grass growth in shaded situations:

o Increase the mowing height for grasses growing in the shade. For instance, if you normally cut St. Augustine­grass at a 3-inch height, increase the cutting height to 4 inches. This allows for more leaf area to intercept as much available light as possible. In addition, leaf blades

Deportment of Environmental Protec~on- Revised DECEMBER 200B, 2ND PRINTING 2010 II

are longer and narrower in the shade, and a lower cut­ting height excessively reduces leaf length, which is not good for the grass. Increased mowing height also promotes deeper rooting, which is one of the key mechanisms of stress tolerance for turfgrasses.

o Reduce fertilizer applications to turf growing in shade. The grass grows more slowly in a shaded envi­ronment, which reduces fertility needs. Too much nitrogen fertilizer depletes carbohydrates and produces a weaker turf system. If you normally apply 4 pounds of nitrogen per 1,000 square feet yearly, apply 2.5 to 3 pounds to turf growing in the shade. Limit any single fertility application to no more than 0.5 pounds of nitrogen per l ,000 square feet at any one time.

o Water use is substantially reduced under shaded con­ditions, so adjust irrigation accordingly. If the irriga­tion system covers an area that is partially shaded and partially in sun, consider removing the sprinkler heads from the shaded areas and irrigate by hand when rain­fall is inadequate.

o Avoid the effects of vehicle and foot traffic. The grass is more easily injured by traffic if growing in shade, and may not be able to recover adequately. Also, traffic in shady areas may damage a tree's roots, resulting in the decline or death of the tree.

o Monitor for weed pressure. Weeds are able to outcom­pete turf in certain situations, and will seek out those opportunities. In a shaded environment, lateral turf­grass growth and ground cover may be sparse, leaving bare ground suitable for certain weeds. Treatment with a pre- or post-emergence herbicide may be necessary. Use caution, however, when applying any chemical treatment to a shaded lawn, as there is a greater chance of phytotoxicity (toxicity to plants) when a grass is under stress. Also, many herbicides can damage land­scape trees and shrubs.

o Monitor for disease pressure. In many shaded environ­ments, there is less air movement and more humidity, which may increase the possibility of disease. Again, use caution if applying pesticides to a turf that is already under environmental stress.

In particularly troublesome areas, consider other ground covers besides turf. Examples include ivies (Hedera spp.), liriope (Liriope spp.), mondo grass (Ophiopogon spp.), and Asiatic jasmine (Trachelospennwn asiaticwn).

Remember, the key to a successful landscape is "Right Plant, Right Place."

FLORIDA FRIENDLY BEST MANAGEMENT PRAGICES for Protection of Water Resources by the Green Industries

--- - - - t~_a~ ter 3: Irrigation Best Management Practices I .,rng (lii'Jll'f rrrrg.t 111111 ~lc 111 tk.,tgn, mst.tll.uron, m.m.lgt'llll'tll, .111d m.tllll rnanu: pr ·" lltl'., pr''' tdc ... 1

111ltlttludt ol hcndrh Tht· e herwltts mdudt• ..,a, mg mollc\ u 111g uug.uroll t:lhncnth, 11 hc.tlthv .mJ mnrc drought .tnd pt 1 rc.,r 1.1111 l.mJ..,capt•, and pwtcclln~ thl

t.ttt•s ''·''"' rt•sourn·s (ttct'll lr1Ju..,tr} \\Mkcr.., need to

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111111 ')'h'ttt, tht\ (.Ill ,1\t' tlw UllllJMm and thl' tlt~nt lllnlll'\ .tml htlp prolt'tl ground \\,tl\:'1 supplH.•.., .tnJ \\•tll'l llllollll\

IJu., '~tllllll 11( tl11· dtl(lllll~nl mdudl'-. h.tlkgmuntl inlor­lll.ltlllll .111d ltllg.ttturt 1\~ll's lur tht• (,rl'rn lnJu..,tn

tllllt' ol tht• 1\1\ll's rth'lltllllll'd ,lfl' lltll u .. lhtll) clln..,tdt•Jt'd tlw tt''-(!1111 rhtlrt\ 11f IIIP\\tllg .md trrmrntng o.,cn tt:l''- ur COUll' h.t'l'd "l'l\ Ill hu llll''"l'S Jltl\\l'\"l'f, tn,lll} lt!Cl'll

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11011 \stl'll\ l or cumpll'11· B\IP pcult~ Ill thl.' lrngatton InduS II) pJ(,I<,t' tcft I Ill

• lrrtg.lltt•n \ souatrun (

• T IH' l llt\rrsrt) ol llond.t lno;;llrutc ol l11nd :tnd \gill uhur.tl Scu•mt'S (II AS) Gnu

I nrg.llton '' .111 UgL' nld .111 .ttttl ,.., Jd llll'd ,,., 1 hL .tppltt'.t· I ton ol !ollpplt•ntt'lll,tl \\,llt'l 111 n .. uti lnr pl.1111 ~rem th. It .tJ..,o JlHWidt•s .1 lllt't h.llll<;f11 lm lltllrtt'llh ltl mmc lwm tht• ..,,,tJtlltn .1 pl.tttl Ollwr ""''s ttHiuc.k ~•It k.tchm~. t ht·nll­g.ttton, S\ lt'lll llw .. lurtg, St•rd gt'llllill.llllln, ,tnd dtllhlll'

1110d rltt.tltnn

On ,1\ct.t~t. llottd,t tttt 1\l's more rh.111 50 IIH:hc.'''r r.un pt r }t'.u I ltmt'\Cr, tit( tltStllhutHIIl .mJ .tttHHIIll., t1f th.-. ratnl,tfl ,lit IIIII Dh\,l)S ,td~tJII.IIC Ill lllt'd .1 plant~'> \\,lll'l dtrnaruls I'll'\ ttltng the umount of \\,lll'f that ,, pl.tnt mul lll the cortt'<lltllll' rs the kc) 10 H.,oun:e Ctln..,cn.t­twn reduced pollurnnt lo.tdmg. a11d opumunt plant gw\\ rh

I Ius chapter dcscnbc ung:111on con~cpt-. 111 hdp cxpl.un the hrnd.tmt nt:tl of gooclnrtg.uum fhe green mJustn <;til uo;r tlus tllfnnn.tllon to .ts-.t.,l thl'm 111 rlurr d.ul opt'hllllmS .md to ltdp lhctr 'hcnh tu ,t\l' '' atct, tmproH' pl.1111 lll'.tlth ,,ntfrnluu' thl• llushrng ol fcrttlt:cr nutrtt'llt

I rom u pl.1111 s tOt II Zl'llt' In .tddttl<lll, 1111-. ch.tptl'r tdcnll­lrc.s ~pn !11~ lltlg.Hton 11\tl'., lot tlw (,rn•n Indu.,tr) I htullghout tlw d1.1ptt't, till' ll'tll1 "pl.un" rckr-. to hnth

turf .tnd l.tnds<.IJll' pl.llth, tndudtng ttcl'.,.

PERMITTING AND REGULATIONS \J,IIl) ,tgcrtlll~S h.t\1 JUII<.tltC.:IIUil 11\l.'r ,til trrtg.lllllll

pmJl't 1 htlort, durmg, .md aht~r ((ltl.,ltlll:llon I''' t: x.tmpll. I Iumia s ft\l' ".ttc.:·r m.m.tgcmcnl tlt.,lllt: '"•

llortd.t Dtp.trltmnt olllt.thh, I lond.t Dq1,\rtllll'lll ol I 11\ trllllllll nl.tl J'rotPc.:Uon, tH lot.tl ~11\crnnwnh lll.l}

•rqu11c.:' \H'II Jll IIlli lS 1\ pt(,tlh, lor I.IQ!,t' (HIIIl"t:l" tlw ".lit' I

m.m.tgtllll'lll dr lrtth rs .. uc \\,tlt'r ll'>t' pt'llllll.,, \\ htt h •'"' uo.,u,tll) ,,r(, ul,ut•d lm drought u'lntltlruns r.11lwr th.lll lor rwrm.tl rr11g.urnn lo (Ht'\t Ill pt1h'l111.tl fhw-., rt ts llnpor­

l.llll It• rcltnllf) .md .tlmlt• h) .tit rcgul.tton tl'llliiH'IlH'IliS

lk-..J<•s ,,.,llt't thl' Jl<'tllHh, ~nlllt' W;\lt't m.tn.t~l'lllt'lll

dto.,ll IllS IJ.I\ l' "Jll'll,tl \l',II•Hllllld \\ ·lll'r l'llllO.,l' fV,UIIIIl

nw.t.,urr., .111tl druught/\\,ttt·r sholl.t~t· ll'..,trt<trun.., th.u

gtlH 111 thl' .11111111111 o~nd ltnllng ,,( irn~•lltllll. It ,.., 1111ptl1 ·

1.1111 to kno\\ till' tt'strttiHIII'> lor .1 "Ill' .111d 111 .,..,

IIIIH'I!'./llltlllnflt IS Ill thll..,l' lllltdttlllll'> Stllll \\,llt'l

shnrt.tgt r slllt:ltllll!.. 1 h.tngt• \\llh tht• "t\l'rtl\ nl 1

drought, 11 1 unport.tnl lu hc :m trt' ul .11td 111 .tlmk h CIIIHIII h'SIIIt.:tll)l\5 f(,t ttt•.., llllg,tllllll S\.,h'llll•lllfhll

be ndlu..,tt·d to"'' ct the h:...,lrt< troth, tlw "'"h'lll lwuld he upgr.ult~d .1 !'.Otlll .1 JW!<o.,lhlt:. hut m tlu llllt'lllll,

tin rc arc ntt•thuds to oht.lln '·'"•'II"'' l hcsl' \.Ut.ttlll'S lll(clto he ohttllll'd 111 \\llllllg, before llllg.tllng

[ l(llld,t 1,.1\\ ('\7 \Ill, t:C ldl'fl.H) H'lflllll's ,Ill CIJlt'l,lllllg

ltltltSittrt < tttoll tit 'tt t' on all .tutnrn:tltt:.tl h l'lllll rnltt tl ttrtgatwn sp.trms In 20tN 1 hto; Wth rt'\1'{ J .md m.1nd.1t"' 11\\ lit IS .111d l Olltloll I Ill., to 111.11111.1111 till ~l' '>Y..,h'lll..,

In 1004, tht lln11tl.t lt•gt ... l,llutl' lfl',ltcJ '>Cl IIIII\ H1llH I lnltd.t St.llltll' dlll'lllllg thl· nqMrtllll'llt tlll II\ 1111111llt II•

t.tl I'Hlll'lllllll, tlw \\',lll'l M,ttt.tgl'lltl'tll Dt<;t lith, .111d .,,·wr.tl ~t. tkt• lttlltltor W1111Jh ''' dt'\l"l' o.,tan<l.trd.., lor l ~llltl.,l.t Jll' lrng.llulll .tltd llotlll.t- llll'fld l) l.tlld.,t.tpt dl·'ilgll lltl' t' st.md.ttd., \h'tt' .tdoptcd m lkt l'lllht 1 l(ll)(l

lm ,tl ~II\ t 1 11111l't11.., rn11..,t u<;l' tht''l' ,t,Htd.uds '' lwn .tdopttng lot.ll urdtll.lttn .lltl't th.tt tl.tll' llw llrtg.tlltlll "1.111d.11d .11r h.hl'd 1111 \ppt'lldl\ 1 nf the llllllll.t Butld111g tOdt• Stl tht• h.tdO\\ h,v._ Ill till' lrllg.ttlllll

Dcstgn St'clhJII lor nwrt dd.uls

373 62 Any pcr$0n who purcho~ and tn~tolls on auto motte landscape rrrigollon system must properly •nstoll, mointom and operate technology that inh1brts or mtcrrupb opcrohon of the ~ystcm dunng periods of svff1ocnt mo1s turo A l•ccn~ contractor who m~lolls or performs work on on automaltc landscape irrtgotion syslt!m muslt~t for the correct operation of eoch rnhibtt.ng or interruphng dCVlce or swttclt on that $yslcm If such device' or sw1tches oro not mltollcd m tho sy~lem Of are not in proper opera! mg condtllon, tho contractor mull mstoll new ones or repo1r the exishng one' and confnm that eoch dcv1cll or sw1tch is m proper opcrotmg condthon before complchng other work on the system

[)q>a•tmryot ollovtronmcnte~t P.Oiatllon - Rt1Y1\ed DECEMBER ?008

The following permitting and regulatory guidelines should be followed for all irrigation projects:

o Contact local and state regulatory agencies (such as the county, city, Florida Department of Environmental Protection, water management districts, and health department) to determine current irrigation regula­tions and criteria.

o Obtain all permits before construction.

o Abide by all permit conditions and current water restrictions when operating the irrigation system.

o Obtain any desired regulatory variances before irrigating.

The use of irrigation BMPs promotes proper irrigation system design, construction, and management. This leads to reduced water use, the protection of aquatic resources, better plant development, economic savings to the end user, and efficient fertilizer use. Irrigation knowl­edge and education is a critical part of meeting the intent of the Green Industry's irrigation BMPs.

IRI.IE«:~O/i\ji\!EIQ) W£1J'IEIRI. !!JJ~IE

Many urban areas use reclaimed wastewater for their irri­gation water source. While this offers many benefits, it also can lead to landscaping and pollution problems if not properly managed. Nutrient levels in reclaimed water may vary by a factor of 10 or more, depending on the treat­ment plant supplying the water. Contact the supplier to get information on nutrient content. When applying fer­tilizers to a site that irrigates with reclaimed water, con­sider the amount of nutrients in the water, and reduce fertilization appropriately. Reclaimed water may contain high levels of chloride, leading to salt accumulation in the soil. Additional considerations, such as water for flushing salts, may be needed.

Nutrient pollution may occur if the user over-irrigates, because both reclaimed water that runs off on the surface, and the water and nutrients that move below the root zone, are lost. Maintenance of a high level of distribution uniformity is critical to prevent leaching of these nutri­ents. Irrigation managers should also pay close attention to all cross-connection controls and backflow prevention devices. All reclaimed water piping, heads, valves, fix­tures, etc. are required by law to be color-coded purple, and labeled "Do not drink this water." As long as field capacity is not exceeded when irrigating, reclaimed water is a safe and reliable irrigation source.

I!!UUGATION SY$1J'IEM DE~O~U\'1 Irrigation system design is a complex issue and should be performed by trained professionals. These professionals should use existing standards and criteria, as well as the manufacturer's recommendations, to design the most appropriate system for a location. In addition to the

Landscape Inigation and Flmida-Friendly Design Standards, a list of sources for current standards and criteria can be found at the end of this chapter. Many communities require construction and design documents and permits that require the signature and seal of a regis­tered design professional. Members of the Green Industry should be able to visually identify system design prob­lems to help their clients irrigate more efficiently, save water, reduce the need to add fertilizers or other chemical treatments, and improve plant health and water quality.

The irrigation design for a site depends on a number of factors including location, soils, landscape vegetation, water supply, and water quality. An irrigation system needs to be designed to meet a site's peak water require­ments. In addition, to prevent irrigation runoff, a system's application rate must not exceed the ability of the soil to absorb and retain the water applied during any one application. The irrigation system should also have enough flexibility to adapt to various water demands and local restrictions.

Design operating pressure must not exceed the source pressure. The design operating pressure should account for low pressure during periods of high use (i.e., morn­ings) and for project buildout when all of a development's landscaping is in place. Plants should be grouped in irri­gation zones based on similar water use requirements. Irrigation systems designed to service both turf and land­scape areas should have enough zones to meet each area's individual water needs. In some regions, the irrigation design should account for the extra water required to periodically leach salt buildups that may accumulate due to high chloride levels in some sources of irrigation water.

An irrigation system consists of three main components: water supply (consisting of a water source, pump, filters, and valves), water conveyance (made up of a mainline, manifold, lateral, and spaghetti tubes) and a distribution device (such as an impact sprinkler, oscillating sprinkler, rotary sprinkler, spray, or drip emitter). The proper design and installation of these components optimizes their use and decreases any off-site impacts. Irrigation design must also account for different site characteristics, such as soils and topography.

Hand-moved irrigation systems should have enough flexi­bility to provide sufficient coverage (see the manufactur­er's recommendations) after each move. Microirrigation systems for shrubs and other landscape plants should be designed to cover at least 50 percent of the root systems. Microirrigation is rarely used for turf in Florida, and is prohibited in some places, but if used should be designed to cover 100 percent of the grass's root system.

To provide for peak water demands and have enough flexibility to reduce supply for different demand require­ments, irrigation systems need to be designed with vari-

• FLORIDA FRIENDLY BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES for Protection of Water Resources by the Green Industries

lllh umtml dl'' Ill'S , r.un ~hut·ofl de\ Ill'S , and h.tckOuw pn'\l'llllllll \\',lll' r lllll\l')•mcc ~\.,tl'ln'> !>huuiJ ht• d •s1gncd '' 11 h dl'\ Ill'' to protl'l'l .tg.un'>t hh.>\\ out-. 1 he \\ .ucr ronn') .tml' p1pd llll'' lwuld (HO\ tdc the .,~ .. tem \\llh the .tppwpu.uc prc .. .,urc rc4um:J h)r maxunum lrrl· g.uum dhuem· . lllllfurmll), ,uultlw c..INnbuuon de' tee., .. huuld lw lles1gned lor ll(HIInum umfvrm Cll\C'mge. In .tddllllln , the thc.tnhutnln ~~ ">tcm .,Jwuld not mcludc the nng.uuHt of fl(lll ·pl.ttlll'O .uea., ( uc h 11.; dm C\\ 3) ... . p.trk­m~ lnh, ro.td... ldl·w.tlks, underneath roof O\ ahang ... .md n.uur .1l buller zone )

Ill l' II'>\IH' optimum ur11h11 lllll). twrrnanent 1rngatwn .,pnnkkrs, ,pr.t) Jll'> , .mJ other dl'>tnhuuon de' llC'>

.. ltould hl' .. p.1n·d .llrmthng Ill till' rn.lllufacturcr~·

llllllllllll'Od,\llllt\' h jlllolll}, thh '>[l3l'lng IS b,t.,eJ on ,\\l'I,IF,l' \\llld l!llldlltUil' ,\110 lljll'IUIII\g J1H.''>'l\r 'S dunng trng.IIIUII

SQUARE SPACING

TRIANGULAR SPACING

Fi r S Sprmkler loyout1

II 'tll'·'Jll"Uhc \\ 1nd cnndlllllll'> .1u· thffercm than puh· ll.,lwd uwrngl'" • t hl'c k "uh dw lul .tl II \S cxtcn.,•on ulltu', l sn,\ NJ~C" or thl JJ,,nd.t lrng.utun snnct\ lor llw11 rc'(lllllllll' llll.tttuno, l .thk 2 1., pw\ldcd ·'" .1 g~na.1l glmlclilll'. Sp.u 111~ .. twuld IIIH t'\.tn·d th\: pCitcnt.t~t·-. Ill

the t,1hlc hdo\\ , ,\ltl·r thl' ')''ll' lll '" cun.,truncd .md opn.lllllg, pl'tll'dtl ~~..ud11..111" ulllfnrrnll} I~'"'' .,hould lw twrlurnwd (sl c 1 he• 'l'<'llllll nn I rng.tllon ~ l.unttn.tn<: c l.ucr 10 thl'o dtaptcr ) tu t' n'iUil that thl' "} "t~.·m h conunu · ~~~~to flrnl:lll)n ,,, deMgmc.l

Tab 2 lmgohon Spocmg

Wtnd Square Coverage Tnongulor Coverage

Mtlcs Per Pcrcentoge ol Hour Otol'l",.!tlf of Covoroge

o-s· 55\ 60't

,S-10 50\ 55\

10+ 45\ 50\

• For many locohon~. rhe 0 .5 mph wrnd condrhon occull vary infrequently ond thr~ ~poctng recommendohon •hould only be used after careful con~•dorohon ond stlo inv«uhgohon

\\ hrn dc...,lgned ,1nd ,,prr.llt'tl lllrrl'l'll>, nllt Hllrrtg,llllll\ ,

.tl~o k111mn ns dnp or hm· \olurnc lrrtgJtJUI1 , ,., om• ol the IIlli 1 dhc1~111 nll'thml:; olung.Hwn It,., htghh nMn.tgc.thlc ,tnd prmlc.ll· null qu;mtllt~ nl \\all' t d1relll) to the pl.lllt wnt zt•m· llm · pr~.· ...... urc "prtn· klt•r , pt l\Crs or dnp1>cr nrc,,) o kthm n ,l., l.' lllllll'f'• ,

.md the ~lo\\1 ) r~lla c \\,tier Into the llll.lhlllrtd ,, pl.mt 1111 a\, s \\ atl'r h~. c.m t: ''"" tlw m.un kcdcr ruot 'i •nctH' \\atcr, nnd ll·,., \\,llcr napnt.lll'S from the .. url.tc~ ol tlw otl

1\ Jlltulh, \\llh dnp 1111g.lltlll1 111 .1 .. and) sntl , \\:til' I llhl\l l.ltn,t)J\ 0111} I{) 10 12 llldH''> l111p lrll~,llhlll IS

tdl'.l) \\ hl' l\ o;udt prniSIIIII IS J~ 'oiJ,thk 01 fur 11.11111\\

"'"P pl.lllllllg ... Slit h ol) hl·dgl'fll\\!>. lkc.tu~c o[ thl· n.llllll' .unllol'.lllllll of d11p 1111g.uwnll.., Jdllnrh Ill

lklliiiiiiH' tf till' tllllllll., ,Ill' p11wtdmg enough \\,llt'l \ l'i\l,tl Ill 1H' liiU11 o( till' J.mcJ.,lape Ilia)' llkntil) duAA111g (dr plll~ . dl·.ad pl.uns, .and \\ tltnl pl.tnt.,) or r'u" .. 51\l'

\\,lll' flllg (,ogg' !'.otl , \\ ccds, l' 'll'""·e pl.tnt ).tnl\\ 1 h) Jllllh\t' lll" f111111 II tlrrp 1111~.111011 s\Sll' lll

On rull , .. pr.l •J( ts (clllwr nllnll.,jlr:t) l ' r" or tnll rth(lllll ·

i-:1\-t ) olll' IIIOrl' dc•stT.Ih)l• th.lll Jnp l' nlllll'f'i fur lllUSl

land cape .tppltc.tlltlOs I h1s ,., ln~cau .. c the\ lll\t:r l.trg­a .He.ao; .md h.I\'C lc\\ ( r ch1g~mg prolllcnh Cloggmg and C\u.,o; \\:ltrr prohlcmo; t.m be 'i(l.'f\ (!lh(r ll\ c.udul t:\.unlll.llll111 l'l llw ung.llt<m ") ll m 01 b, ll10kmg at the l.mdscapc spra) JCIS hould not lw Jc.,lgncJ 111 opl' tall•tl to 1rngntc 11011 pl.tnt•·d IITla

lh•ga1dkss oltla• 1\fll' tlllllll' flllrn~.lltcm s).,ll' lll ,

d11ggmg ''"' hl' ,, pwhh m If the \\atl'l .,uppl) b tllll llltl·r•d lwforc • nt•·rmg the trng.111on ")'"I( Ill m tl till' [lltr,ltlllll ..,, 1(~ 111.., 11111 'l.·.uwd fhl' .,.,Jc..,t .md l.l.,.l'"l

\\,1}' to 11\,lllllollll tlw Clllllll'l' Ill ,1 llli(.;IOIIII~.lllllll ..,y.,ll'lll

1s to kn·p ,, ... m.tll ~uppl}' ol dt·an b.1ckur.., on h.md

D!lportment of Env.ron,._t"l Prot loon - RI!Vr!ed DECEMBER 2008 2ND f'RJNT NG 2010 II

I 1111d~c ciJic • ChlAAl'U dl'\lll' t.m t>l' c.1 ... 1h rq1l.ttcd \\lth ckan lllllt ,

tlu n pl.,, I'll 111 .1 ""'·'ill unt.uncr ,,f th1 dl·.uung fhnd upproprt.lll' lnr 1 h1 clo~tng rn.llt'nal Rc·pi.H rmcnt cnuucrs .,JHmld ul\\,t) s h.I\C the s,unc optr.u•ng dl.lr.ll ­

tt nsuc.-; (1 c , opcr.11111~ pr ~ un· nntllilsch.ugc rntl') ,,., llu ongu•.d Cllllllt'r

\lu 1111111~11/luu

I o1 mon.• 111 lnr m.lllllll, "l'l' llw h•llo\\ 111g

/111} tllltl/uuci\t Uflt f11 IJ.:cHICltl Ilf\1 \/(11111,\(IIIIC Ill

Prw lilt'~, Apnlltlll > I he lrllg.lltllll \-..,ml.llloll , .11

hup.lJJ>o.'W.'' · 'rn~iltton.or~:

from the December 2006 publ1cohon londKape lrngot1on und Flo11do·friendly De519n Standards.

Pursuant to se<:tion 373.228, F.S, these landscape and irrigation design Standards shall be used by local government~ when developing landscape irrigation and xeri~cope (Fiorido·Friendly) ordinances.

II frngat1on System Dcs1gn Standards

A lrngahon systems sholl be des1gned to meet the needs of 1he plants tn tho londscar)() (not the other way around)

B When feasible, 1rngation systems shall be des1gncd to separately serve turf and non turf areas

C The 1rngallon system pions ond spcc1f1cahons t.holl1dcnhfy the motcnals to be used and the construd1on methods

D The destgn !.hall constdcr sotl, ,lope, ai1Cl other sttc choroctcrisllcs 1n order to m1n1m1re woltlr wost , tndudmg ovcrspruy, tho watering of impervious surfaces and other non vegetated areas, and off·sitc runoll

E The SYJiem shall be designed to mimmizo free Row condthons m case of damage or other mcchomcc11 fo1lure

F Tho syst m shall bo destgncd to usc the ~~ qvol1ty water feas1ble

G Ram switches or other dcv1ces, such as so1l moisture sensors, to prevent unnecessary trrigohon, !hall bo 1ncarpo1c1ted (Scct1on 373 62 r:s I

H A recommended scosonal opctallng Khedule and overage prcc1p1tahon rates for eoch trngotton zone lor both cstobl1sh men! and mamt nonce cond11tons r.hall be provtdcd

Control systems shall provide the follow1ng mimmum capob1h11es. 1) Ab1l1ty lo be programmed m mmutcs, by doy of wock, season and time of day, 2) Abd1ty to accommodate mult1ple start limes and programs, 31 Aulomohc shut off after adequate rotnfall A) Abtltty to mamt01n t1me dunng power outages for o mmtmum of three days, and 5) Operollonol Acx1b111ty to meet appllcal>lc year round water conscrvalton rcqu1rcmcnls and temporary water 1.horlogc

rcstnctions

J Recommended momtcnonce ad1VJiies and schedules shall be included

K Prcc1p1tot•on rates for sprinklers and all other em1tl rs m the some zone shall be matched, except that mtcra1rngahon cm1t tcrs may be spcc1f1cd to meet th reqUirements of md1v1dual plants

l lrngation systems shall be des1gncd to mox1mize un1form1ty, cons1dermg foclors such as 1) Emitter typal 2) Head spocmg 3) Spnnlr.ler pattern .4) Wutcr pressure at the cm1ttcr

M. lr11gollon sy~tcm~ w1th mom lmcs larger than two inchos or designed to supply more lhon $evenly gallon\ per minute shall mcorporotc o moans to measure trngahon water usc, ot a mimmum of ninety five percent accuracy ocrau tho Row rang .

N lrngCJhon system plans and spcc1f1cahons shall requ1rc the system rnstallcr to conduct fmoltcsting and ad,ustmcnls to ach1cvc dc~19n $pCCtf1catoons pnor lo completion of the sy~tem and occcptoncc by the owner or owner~s rcprcscntoltvc

0 lrrig<thon $yslcm plans and spectftcohons ~hall require that the mstaller provide property ownca and users w1th pa)t con· struchon documcntohon, tnclud,ng os constructed drawings, recommended momtcnonce octiv1l1Cs and schedules, opera hanoi schedule, dcs1gn prcclpttohon rates, instructions on adtustong the system to apply loss water oft r tho landscape '' cstabllr.hcd, momtenancc schedule, water source, water shut·off method, and the manufocturcr's opcra110nal gu1d for thetr irrigahon controller: To the extent foas1ble, stm1lor tnformallon r.hould be made available for sub1equcnl property trondcrs

IRRIGATION SYSTEM INSTALLATION Only professionals who are trained, certified, appropriate­ly licensed for irrigation installation by the appropriate agency, bonded, and insured should handle irrigation installation. These individuals must follow the designer's plans and use recognized standards and criteria such as those promulgated by the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE, formerly ASAE), Florida Irrigation Society (FIS), Irrigation Association (IA), U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), or the manufac­turer's recommendations. The designer must approve any changes to the design.

To prevent system failures, waste, and property damage, construction materials must meet appropriate standards, such as those from ASABE, the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), or the American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM). Plan all construction practices accord­ing to standard safety practices. Before construction, the contractor should identify and flag all underground pipes, cables, and other elements. Call before you dig. Call 811 (or 800-432-4770 or www.callsunshine.com) for free Sunshine State One Call locator service. The contractor should clean the site of any construction materials before the job is complete and at the end of construction, pro­vide the owner with a copy of the as-built plans, operat­ing manuals, recommended operating schedules for both plant establishment and supplemental irrigation of mature plants, and warranties. For new construction, the job should include a follow-up site visit to reset the con­troller, rain shut off device, and soil moisture sensor (if installed) after the landscape is established.

IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT Irrigation management (knowing when and how much to irrigate) is the cornerstone of water conservation and reducing nonpoint source pollution. It encompasses the amount of water applied and the frequency of applica­tion. To prevent excess water use that could lead to chemical leaching and runoff, fungal infestation, and disease; irrigation scheduling should take into account plant water requirements, recent rainfall, recent temper­ature extremes, and soil characteristics. In addition, the irrigation system must be properly designed and main­tained, so that all of the plants in a given zone receive the same amount of water. See the Irrigation Maintenance section of this chapter for. information about measuring distribution uniformity.

Under ideal conditions, the water required for a plant is equal to the water used during plant growth. This water goes to soil evaporation and plant transpiration. Typically, both processes are combined and called evapotranspira­tion (ET).

A plant's water requirements (ET) vary with its growth cycle and climatic conditions. The limiting ET factors are

the amount of soil moisture to be transpired by the plant, solar energy reaching the plant (affected by latitude, season, cloud cover, and shade), the temperature and relative humidity of the air, and wind speed. If a soil is at field capacity, 100% canopy coverage is present to absorb radiation, and other factors are equal, the amount of water transpired varies little between plant types. Plant irrigation requirements will differ based on a plant's ability to extract soil moisture (i.e., root zone depth) and its physiological ability to deal with reduced availability of moisture.

Plants require more water during seed, flower, and fruit production, but will not require very much when they are dormant. During the colder months, or those with shorter periods of daylight, most turfgrasses and landscape plants are not actively growing, thus use less soil moisture and may not require irrigation.

Many established, drought-tolerant landscape trees and shrubs require little or no irrigation, provided the soils do not obstruct root development. Plants such as azaleas, copperleaf, impatiens, or other bedding plants that lack drought tolerance may require irrigation during extended drought periods.

In humid regions such as Florida, irrigation is considered supplemental because it supplements natural rainfall. Proper irrigation management must account for rainfall. Since rainfall varies from location to location, the proper use of rain gauges, rain shut-off devices, flow meters, soil mois­ture sensors, and/or other irrigation management devices should be incorporated into the site's irrigation schedule.

Using an irrigation schedule can help prevent wasteful over-irrigation, the leaching of fertilizers/pesticides, and promote root development for drought conditions. No more than 1/2 to 3/4 inch of water should be applied for a single irrigation event. The exact amount of irrigation needed for each event will depend on a plant's needs for growth, fruiting, dormancy for that time of year and soil characteristics (soil moisture, infiltration rates, soil root zone depth and water holding capacities). In addition, water management districts and local requirements should be considered before irrigating. A properly working, installed and calibrated rain shutoff device prevents the irrigation system from turning on if adequate rainfall has occurred. Rain shutoff devices are required by law on all automatic irrigation systems.

Irrigation management and control devices need to be installed correctly for proper irrigation management. Rain shut-off devices and rain gauges should be placed in open areas to prevent erroneous readings. Flow meters should have a straight enough run of pipe both down­stream and upstream to prevent turbulence and bad readings. Soil moisture sensors and other irrigation management tools should be installed in representative locations and be maintained to help make good irrigation

Department of Environmental Protection- Revised DECEMBER 200B, 2ND PRINTING 2010 II

rn.tll,tgt'llll'lll dnto;ton:. \\hen llH'l h.llltl,llh·kctroniC dt'\IH me nul ,t\atl.thlt• lor nng.ttlllll m.m.tguncnt, the

folhm 111g "'"·'lmdlt.tllH hould l)l' u t•d ,1 gtudchnc' 1n dt lt'r num• 1 he nt'ed lor nng.umn

• 1 he gr.t~s h,to; ,, dull, hlut h-gr:l\ colo1 mg

• I oot 11 tc.ks rcm.un 111 tht gr. 55

• I t .II hbdt :u e folded Ill hall ''" oil 'l'U'il onc-thmJ or the 5IIC

otl unplc:. from till' Hl('lt ZOIIi' arc c.lr. and crumhl).

• lndlt.lltll l.tndst t)ll' pl.tnl (-.m h ·" IIII(MIIcno.;llnd nzal· (',IS) h.t\l' drtlllfllll!; ft.l\ 'S

IIH·r· oltl' St'\t!l.tl \\,1\S ltl prnt'lll \.'XU' trng.llltlll \ P>ll.d oho;.t'l\ ,11111115 Ol I lllltlfl or puddk' oil I.' 'llllflll.' I rtd I·

t.llltlll<; \ "' lt:lll<i tuncr/dlltk/ulnttollrr t:.lll hc .tdjl~'>t~d tn lllt'CI 1 pl.1111'., St'.tSon.tl ''.tier rt'lllllll'lllCIII' I l,m mettr Ciln he u t:d to dct~.:rllllllt' lum much w:ucr I' • tpplt~:d nnd ''hen w turn ,,If the nngut1on .,,strrn Ralll g.•ugcs, cuns, or Olhl'l ~.:ontuan~:r can be u cd hl nw .... urc hu\\ much \\,tit r h.ts h en ppltcd

R.un hullllf dr\ llo.:S \\hie h. oiS rncntwlled car her are nlrc.td 1cqulrl.'d h) 1;1\\ on nil tUHllll<llt{ spaem., 111,1allt:d ~•m:c llJCI I. o.:•lll 1\ o.: up to 30% or mort: mer .1 11mcr-onl) 'Sh 111 lim' C\ cr. rnam S\ tcms 1 h. II hould h.t\l' .. en :;or

rhn \\Crc nul 111!-tall\d ,,, rl!qturec.J ot h< "' IISl tIll\ h,t\c f.uldl or hee11 remm ul I hu..e \\ ih'

.Ut I spon 1hlc lot 11\ct!>t'(lfl£ olllllllg,tlhll1 S\'-llnl .,fllluld dwd\ the ''f>CI ''"'n,,fthc l,trrt .. lllltoll dt\ltl'llllcrt!.lnnu· pc1 H,ll und H pl.1u the 111111 1111 1s nut ''fll'r.urng t:UIIl'Ct•

I) Utlwt '"''k,·rs \\humar tltlltct ,, ~\,.lt'lllllng.lllng sltunh lllll'l 1 good 1.1111 l'\t'lll h1111ld .llll'lllfll 111 nuttl} tltt 11 t lttnt uf .1 fl"'"1hk p1nhkm \\ 11h tlw r.un 'hut oil dn II( s11 the ~.:.ttl h.1n• 11 rrp.tllcd

0111 tlftht• IIIII I tiiCt 11\l' :trtd dftt:ICIII tliCtltodo, nf nllgall(lll control 1 the usc of propcrl\ IIISt:tlll'd .md m.unt.unul o1l111tll ture s~.:nSCll "11h n pcc1altznl

10111111Jlt:r I hen• Ull' h\1) h,l IC l)(lCS 11f S stem<;, Jm.:d

control whcrt: mlmo1stuu ensm ctu.tlh rnll for

rrJtgatllln ami h)P·' scontrol ''hen.: ''gularh .-.du.·dulcd II flgtiiiOIIs ,11 t~ h)IM'>'it:U I r lifT ICICIII llliiiSIUTC I' (>TC,l'llt

Drrcct control \ tt•m arc more c pen 1\C uno rcqu•rc CtlllSidcr.ahlc ntan.tgcmcnl c pcrtl c, uch .ts m.t) he prt cJII n1 n go II cour t II\ p.• s ) stctn., .nc mudt ,,.,., cxpcno;l\ c •nd cao;1cr to 111 tall ~lo t 1)\ P·''' ' tern \\orl \\llh tht c::..:1~tmg Olltrolla

\ltlwuglt soli llllltSIUIC It \el llo.: thl' prd~ rrt•LI mdhud 111

dtlo.:ltllllll' ung.lllllllt(ll·lllllll~s. 111 tlw ul>'>t'lltl' ,,f c,ml

d.ua, l,tlt rtl.tll d I I nll·tht,ds tllol} h~ u-,,•d Cur rt·nt ..:.11 ~ ul.11~·d potcntl,tlt·'·'Potr.rnspu.tllun (I I p) r.ue., .lrt' .w.ul.thk .11 h.u!l:IL11mn.tf!IS,ull.cdu I h1., '"'' ,,J.,o lnllutft:.,

.1 l.tnd l.tpt 111 1g.t!hlll ,d,Hiulmg wnl.md r.unlall d.ua R.unl,tlll.lll n1.1l.a• up Stlllll' nr all uf tlw f I, ~'rn 1,1lh dunng tht Ct111lr1 months lot,tl r.unlall ~~ llill till' ,,,11\t' "'

cllrlll\t 1 tlnl.lll llu11ll.1 lllls gt'nr.mlh h.t\l hm \\.llt:r

lwldmg l.tp.tlll\, so u I\\ O·lrtch ram 111.1\ h.lH' lmk more cllcct Oil fiJucmg l.md 1. pc 1rt1ga11on th.tn,tl\fllt,ll rrrr­gauon 'H nt Ill·'") g1Hn month

\11 altc.rnati\C nngulon chrdultng nwrhnd tlltt n "'''d h) homt'O\\ lh'l ,uul Clll tllllt lllllllllt'ro.tll,liHio,cnpco, 1' Ill

,,..., 11 nil' that on n' rragc I Inch of \\ .lltr \\ ch 1 he tup 12 111 he of ,, sand) llll T\ p1CUII) mo 1 roots gw\\ 111 tilt' top tl-12 mrht ul sotl nnd 1/lto V-1 tmh '" nn·dl'd 1111

llpft'lll fllllllll (.1( t1IOI<;Illll'l'\l'l\' 2to1 d,l\S liUII!lg \\,II Ill

ptrmd~ ol ,lCII\1' g11m th, .md n n\' 10 l<l I •I J.t)' du11ng lt•...,lllll\t' gto\\th flt'lltld I h1 \\.llt'l c111 nllllt'llom

r,unlall 01 lw fllll\ adnl h\ I ht• 11 ng.ttttlll !)) sll'lll. t\~,1111, Sttll dl.ll,llll'IISIIl5 (mftltt,IIIOII tJit"s ,ltiJ \\:.llt:l htlftfmg

l:.tp.lllttro,) \\,lll't m.m.tgt'llll'llt dlslllll'> .md lol,rllnjlllll'·

rnc111 .. lwuld be con.,1dc1 nl hdtlJ ~ 11 rtg.umg.

Anutlwr method <'llmg.ttlnn M hnlultng .tnd 1111wr n1 controllc• ndju tnhnt ll)r '-lit \\llhout ~rnlftt anlo1m,, • 11011 ts Ill u c till' \\crkf) I 1 \,tllll .. 111 l 1gur~.: o .1s ,,

gt nt ml gutdeltnc Tilt' g1.1ph d" 1d(s the ,.!,Ill' lllltl 11e111h· l'ln. ml soulhcrn h:gtons ttllll'hh .tround lnh't'>t.tH' 1-4

Weekly ET

1.6

· ~ 14 • . .... . li . . 1.1 f- . . .-,. 1

; n . -~ ,.. .. t~--5 81 . ... ......

0 4

8~ 0.1

0 Jan Feb Mar Apr M•y J un J ul Aug St p Oct llov Dec:

I··· North of lnttratottl-4 • South of lnteratate l..'l }

. Figvr 6 Appro~omole wuekly evopotrunsporohon (ET)

\It hough ung.tllon m.magcmt nt 1 ... 1 lomplcx lllliCt'"'•

11 C'dll he lx.uleJ do\\ n ton rmplt• l hcckbotlk (1)1 \\,lin

halanec) prtKCSS, "here the trllgatttlll amuunt ttlll'oi,IS t1lthc dtffntn o.: bct\\l{n n pl.mr\ nnd for \\,11<1 .urtl the df, the r.1lnfnll (r.unltll ttncd m .1 pl.mts ttlut wm, for planr usc) \\ ht n IK'ss•hlc, the ttmmg nf .111 mag.111o11 cH'nt should lx pl.mnnl to mer, ... , nng!111o11 dfllltiiC),

h redutlng C\,I))(H,tii\C lossc<> dul' 10 dun.llll tundllltllls (fl,r , :o;:,llltplc. h1gh trrnp< rnturt, 1<1\\ humuJII\, "tmh wn· d1111111s) .111d h) 1n:unt.1111111g I ugh 11 ng.ttton untfo1 "''"

... 1'\t't,tlllrtg.llltlll tl1.111.1gtl11ll1l l~thllltj\11.' hdp In

IIIIJllll\l .1 pl.mt·~ lw.thh .md rnluu· \\,\11.'1 ll'l' Dd.t)nl 1rrrgattc111 .111d ddltll 1111g.lllllt1 ptotllllll root dl\l'lllf1111t'l11 und Jlhl\ltk ,, ll'H'I nl th ou~ht tnle1 .lllU Dtl,t\l'd 11 rrg, t·

II flORIDA FRIENDlY BEST MANAGEMENT PRAOICES for Prot«I<On of Water RMOoJrteJ by rloe GriiC.'fl lllllullnM

111111 prnnwtcs dn pt r rot !I dt H'h•pnwnl ll\ J'll'>IJmlllng nllg.lllllll unttl \~lit 1' oh'>l' l\l'tl. DdiCII llllg.llllllll.tll lt1r m.m.tgmg nng.llton 4u.muut o th.ll tlwrc ts .tl\\a soli Wt.tgt• ,,, t.lkt• ll(h.tnt.t~l' of .Ill Jltl''lhlc uunfall

\\Inn lt.u hmg .111~. \\ hll h IS 11\'Ct'" ,tn 111 smm "'lll' dm tn poor \\lilt tJII.Illl\ , , l\\,1 s \\Jll unultht numcnt lcH~ I

111 the so1l "J, plc1(d w :1\nld lt.ldung t•l lewhzcr nutn· ull '' 11 h tin salt

I lrltl <.twfr• lei fill \hll,llllt "r'IISOI l t Ill I l11ndc1 • I hlulihrn'" ·~.HYs:md.s:omLDortdil».•tcrstarLpdfs/S\15 l•cld ~w:ill:.udf

IRRIGATION SYSTEM MAINTENANCE Pwpt r m;untcn.mcc ~~~·nd the hie or nn ung.uton \Sill II ,IIUI help II Ill pcrlllllll O(lllllllllh \l,lllllt..:ll.lllt c

hrglll'\ \\llh II\ IO,II,IIohst't\<1111111 ol tin ) ltlll .IIHllhc pl:&nts ( ht ck lor proper lunc11un111g of 111111 en or s (lllr.l

onlfllllers, lc.•k , brokcnlcrackeJ hncs proper rolilllon, rmd tllm,tgt•tl sptmkkr ht•ad \l.,ll, check fm ob~tncJc, th,u 111.1) lntt•d, It' '~11h 11 ng.ttlon lllltfortll11) ll11m 11 "JWI'> unnatur til\ green gr. ""• cerl. 111 1 pe of \\CCtJ.. .md SOgg)

"P'"' .trc md1cntors of prohkm~ Mall) 1 pes of hu I Ill' ·

t~ do not h,l\ r control ll\ll the m1g.umn .. lcm, nor the t'\fWIII'il' 01 llllllt 1{1\l.d dut lllillidlt'SS urtg.llltllll"'liC._,

hut t \ Cl) dfon should he m.ult• to 1nfvnn the clat:nl \\ hl'n problem arc notNI and to r:o;pl.un the importance of ptllflt:l <1fh ntum unll prompt rcpa1rs

D.IIH,tg~:d or dt It• 11\c S\,11111 ... hould be rcp.llrt•d us S0\111 .1 po ... 1hlt: Rcplaccmcm p.nt hould ulwa ha\ c tht: s liiH' dt.lrU lt'rl!i!IC ( th,ll t<; , dt<;chatgC· JlH' IIIC It In· 11\lll!'!lllp, ftl st:t•Anhlr .. ) ,,., tlw ungu1.tl {l)lll(l<lllt'llls

llthti\\ISt', the h :plu cmcnt mtghl cm1 e mort• h.um

th.111 rht• had cotnp•mt:nt lforlda lim rc4unc. ... h cnc:cd tr11g.111on l 01111 .tctors Ill rc pan dr!c, II\ c Cllstll , and lht'rl' 111.1\ lw fuu~ .111d pcrt.tlttt' rm f,uhng 1U lc(l<lfl ,\

cflt'lll llut rcfuo;c rtplllt

f \ ,liU.III ng H '>) "ll'lll'> IIIII I mill II\ .tntf d ht It' lit \ (.Ill 1111g.t

llllll ,IUdll ) h.'Ulll't' \\,Iter U"t' ,utd lctllhzcr/pt''illtltll' lr'.u h mg I here .uc m.m\ prO<cdurl h ut h ,, r--;tH . II N., , ,\S\BI I \ , und I IS) lor ung.llron \Stem t'\,llll.lll<lll , .lll ol ''Inch l.111 lw u.al'd 111 .1 prou•,, puhh<.ht·tl ll\ ~1111.1111 ,md Kdll'r B) lt11l<l\\ tng ,Ill) tlf tht'"-t' 111ttlll>d'<, tlll lolll crNIIl' th.ll ol S) ICill I" t~pcr,lllllg Ul O(llllll\1111 ll'\1 f'i

Common trllg.Hhlll t lltt ll'lll) ptohh llh llllluck le.lk_., ~pnnklct hc.ul pluggmg JlllcH 111 tg.llhlll 1111tllll 11111) l.lll-.nl h\ noz::lc \\l'ar, .111d poor "'<;I em pre lltl onlt prnhltlll'i ( ... uch ,, rcp.unng fc.1ks .tnd h plalrng tlllZZit s) c:m he tl'p.lltl'tl,u .1 llliTHI!l.tl c lhl , '' lult ollwr... {~Ill h ,,.., puot ,..,. tl'm dt· tgn) nught , 11 ln-.1 ~l.tmc, he \l'l" u1sth, hut "til

p.l) off 111 lhl tnd l'rohlnn:. tlt'ed lcl he ullhCllU .1 !oellllt ,,, pos tbll' 10 fHC\t.:lll \\,l..,ter.l \\,Itt r .md tht lr-:tdung ol lt•tllhl:tiS .111d otht•r dwm1c1l-. In thl.' long 111111, the 111\ l'SIIlll nt lll.llk ttl 111\flW\l' llw tlltg.lll\111 ")~hIll p.l\ s ufl

Ill rOOU cd fl•ruhzr.r, dtCilllll), nd \\ ilh I lull

D"lnhllll!lll UruiQlJJ.llU: t'i .1 llll.l.,tm 11\l"lll of hrm l'hllh \\ IIU IS dtstnhutul m,r .1 gl\1ll fllul , .md .. hould fw lllll tdcrcd \\hen rn.magmg unga11011 I Ins mc,l'iutr.m~ nl 1

un md1 ,111011 of tltc )Stem h)dr.IUhc pt rfurmalllC .111d c.m he uq~d ''' 1dn111h tkl'p pttwf.lllllll I J'll.tll) dl'>lll ·

hullmt llllllclrttlll} Is ult lltthl•d \\llh tlw tnftlll.lllcln oltflt' lcm '!'II .!5 (lim qualltt ) ol u11gah date •• md tan h~ dctllllllllt'd h\ :1 rah.:h c<Jn It' 1 1\aln food l•lr , turlol ·'""· lit othn tr.ught·Stdulullll.lllttt.., Ill' 1 Hill) pl.ru·d

.tround spnnkfc1s I hl' s\~lt'lll 1 .. turned 1111 f111 ,, !1\\'d ornlnlnt of ttmr, nnd the \\,lit r collc(;t~r.l 111 e.tch (;ont.urH·r r<; mcasurnl and rewrdrd

lfw D1 tuhutlun Undmmtt). \\ludt b .1 pl 11 ~nt.lg_l', '" t.tl. cul.1ted h) til\ tJmg the :ncr.tgc tit pth of \\lilt 1 l<lllt unl

tn the lo'' c 1 15% (I( comamtt '' 11 h t hi! tl\, •· gi.' tiL pi h ol ''·"l' r tn ,til thl· ront.utH ..... I ht t muh!pltltl h\ 1011111 um,rn the \,rlur lnto,t pt:rn·nt.rgl· I h~ lrtt~.llltltt \.,,odallon h.h puhh.:;hecl u r.nlg< und r.11111g ol dt.,ltlh\1 ·

tton umfornHtll ftll thflth:nt unga11on mrthods l{t~ent \\Ofk Ill JJ,,nr.J.t llldll'llll.'._ th.ll lllllSI bnds(,lfll' IIIIJ!_.Ill<lll

'"tl'IIIS .ue lwfm\ tiH• ,. puhlt ht•d \,tiUl'

lltgha uruft'r mtttt•s ou ur "h( n pacmg IS tLh quaH ~111d pnnkkr noz=Jco; Ill mudtLd Ptll1r uppht.IIIOil urufcll·

lllll) lr.ul tulm:.tltznl mtr ung.IIH11ll11 undt•r 111tg.•twn, hru\\ 11 !.put 111 lht• gm~ lcrllllzt•r nr pcstt1 ttlr: k.ldung

Rating of Lower Ovortcr O•W"•~hon Un1formity (DULO) for SpnnUcr Zones Typo of Zooo E.x.tdlenr Very Good Good Fou Poor

(%) ('l.) It> I (t) (t,)

Ft .. c:KI Sproy 75 65 55 50 dO Rei tor 80 70 65 60 so lmpocl 80 70 65 60 so Predrtling and a lnnoting londKopc Wotor UMJ Tho lrr igohon Auodohon, Od. 20m.

0\oporlmcfll of EnwonmcntQI Prc!l.'doon - p.,,.cd OECEMSER 2008, 2ND PRINT NG 2010 II

or rurwfl •• md till' '''' tc ul un~.111<111 \\,llcr ~l.lm ol tht t'

pwhlcms ~.:an he ... oh t'd anti the sth O\\ ncr cnn h'thrct• \\ollt'l Ctt'il l>t~llthllllllll lllllflllllllt\ ! ... 11111 ,1 llll:oi,Ur~llll'IH

olunga111111 dhut'lll) I or morc rnlorrnatron, SCt' lb\ Puhlr .umu \I 1-14, lurl lrrag.uum lm rhc I lome, .1t

hupDechs.lf,ls.u!Wuu\1.1 14

lor llll<:rfl llllg.lllllll \'Stem ... , r "''"' lOll Unllolllllt\ IS uo,cc.J 11\<;lt'lld ol Dt:o.lrdlllttnn Untlmmll\ 111 d~t~rmuw tlw uru-

111111111) ,,f 11 rrg.Hron I nw;o;1on Unrfnr mit\ 1 e<llcu!Jtt'd h cnmp.Hing tlw \Illume ol \\311 r frt•m rht• 'llllllcr' 111

till· .;t.lll'\ltt.tl tldku·nu:' ll1 rill' 1ut.1l \olumt• \n I 1111 1011 l ullnrnul) c,f •10% or lughl'r 1' C(ln u.lcrcd c rei I~ nt 1111 mnrt mh11m.11ton. su II \S l'uhltt.lt ron \llN I, ltl'ld 1 \,llu.llton ol ~ltum11ag llaon \\,ucr

\pplt .won l ntftHillll) ·•• hun:Ucdts Ilas.u0.edu/AEOQ1

V\ olll'l \ ppllc.IIIUII I IIIli( 1\C\' l'i a lt1111poncnt of II rrg.ltlnn ) t( m cllrw•nC} and rntlrcut s hO\\ \\CII a S)Sll'm IS

I""' tdrng \\•lit r 1t1 the pl,ull roor '~tt:m lrng.urnn \ppllr.lllttll I rltt'ICIIC\ •~ .lllothcr form of 111rg.uron ... S·

lclll Clll ICIIC) ,md II Clltllfl•ll tht• UIIIOlllll of W3h r ddt~­t:l• d roan n11.:11 h> th, .unount ,11 '' Ill r In nt (,,,,,u, uo;t'd

To help \\llh llllbUIIl1n cfhcr(IIC), \\illl'r m.magcmcnr dt -IIICI'i Ill 111111 r lllltf,tgt'lllii'S llll\~ JHtl\ldt 1110h1k lrrl£·1·

tton l.ah (~Ill) l'f\tus. \Ill ~r.tll \\lllt\.thl.!tC '" 1111ga·

tton \~rem um.l m.tkc rccommcndathllt to unprmc S\ -rem dltllt'lll> .md ht'lp '"'" llttg.uwn .;dattlultng ( onl.ltl ><llll loc,tl \\,lll'r m.m.tgt:mclll dr tllCI fnr more tnforltl,IIIOil ,t()(llll lh C CIVl (..,Ill )0\lf. f'C:I

It rrg 111011 rcquircnacnh rcpH'St'nt the anwunr ol \\cllcr an rrrig.tuon S) tl m lh cd 111 .ppl to meet a plant.," .Iter nct·ds I Ius qu.mlll\ ,., "lulltlltln tlltlu· pl.1nb \\,llt'l rC<fliUCillt IllS, SOJIII\IWilllrC, and the.: ~ tCIIlS t:fftCICill

I or mou· rnfmma11un, stc II \S l'uhlr .uron \1 110, 1 f/11 II Ill If\ uf J-/mu/11 J\gllt u/tut11/1111SIIIIC111 \)\\/t Itt\, ,1(

luutlkdts.H. s.uO.cdu/AEllO

IRRIGATION SYSTEM ERRORS I hl' I olio" ang lrgurcs d pi 1 somt· cxumplcs of rrnpropcr ungarwn S)Stcm d· rgn til rnsr.all.uron

Fi gurc 8 PC)()( dcstgn, $y$tem docs not match trngohon roqu,romontt Tho oreo nec<h to bo rezoned wtth landscope ond turf ~~>paroled

rlij\lfO 9 0vetirngoli00 runoff wtth 1proy heod1, not s.pnniJon

SOURCES FOR IRRIGATION STANDARDS I ho.: folio\\ lng puhltC".uron conr.un ntrr, 111 1111g.urun .,I,IIIO.IIlis'

II flORIDA f~llNDLY BEST MANAGEM!.NI PRAOICES lot Pro: lion ol Wotcr RMOIUcM by tho Grt'!lfllndu~t,,n

• A \Ill ~''"'"'"'h-1007 t uadarcl , cnganceruag pr:t ttccs, .md d.uu dl\dnpcd .111d ndopt~d h) the \rlllll<'il ll m tl' l ol Ag•rcultut II. nd flr ologrcal lng tlllt'I"S .l007 Amcu ·"' I 11' 1) or \ gnurltlll.tlund lhnlogt .tl l nglltl CIS .!.Will Ndl~ Rd , St Jo-.rph, :\ll) l llll8 > lllt pl11111• ( .l()9) 4 l.<l ll3l'0 huu:fAn,'l\.cL"i be. 1 •6-1 • nd:ml,sbcnn:hp~•r.hunl

• I "" IIIII llutlrltll~ ( tlr/t- /'lum/llllg, 1\f'Jit nell\ r l tllt"rtl.llltlll,tl < o1k < outH tl•lllll ~lumd.ur Rd . Bu 111111ghnm \I \';2 1 J I.W!1 (l<h) 'JlJl) \IH71

lllln./6\" ».Donclabutld mg.oQ!IDCISOid.Ox;/tlcfmtiL • 'P. ••r hUuJiwwv, kc ,tfc.oll!

• 1'\lllltllhtl / ng uu·, d 11g llc11u/110011 r n r 21 0-\ I mcmhc.·r I U<l7 t lkp;utmcnt of \ gncuhun::, t-.::uurall{csourn>s CotiSCI\,Ittou c r'\1cc, \\nslunghm () < 1001 3 huutldm:cm cs s,cg \ osL

lclllcimr/s 11111/ JH.'c fjt cllifliiS (01 ltll ( 111111 l .muf,HIJlt: '"'·~•Jtron > tcms, f ifth I dillon n l llllOCr .!005 llonda lrngnuon S.)( It' I ), (800) -Ill - >341 , Addrl ' 4 H O Shih Slll CI N llllc l (b, h:ruplt• Tcrr;lC't , l l H ol i , I lorul.a hupJ/ww\\JI "l~!itilnd;ml rlj'lswn3,pdf

• lurJ wrd I Lllhhurtrc lr~tgcrlt0/1 Ho \ I ~lt11111grmclll 1'1111 1111 \,

\rrrl 2011 ' 1 Ill' 1 '''!;·"hill '~""4 t.ttmn {W 1) 5 Jo .70~0 . h 'i 10 ,\tllllgtou llhd , I .111 .. ( hun:h, \ 1\ 11041-tio \H I t q lJL\\ M\ II n ~ll.kulJ.Lfl:

GREEN NDUSTRY IRR GAliON BMPS

The princtpol BMPs for oil oltlte Green Industry mcludc

• Call bcfor you d19 Coli 81 l for free Sunshine Slot" On Call locotor $CNkc

• When posstblc, the oppl1callon ol ftlrt•ltzcrs, hcrl.w crdcs, or odl(lt' chemicals thol nccdcd to be wot red, 1hould corncidc wtth on ungolton event

• Proper cultural prochces (such os mowing) to promo! healthy, deep rool development and reduce rrngohon requirements

• AccountiOf thu nutrients tn redoirnod woter when rna~ mg fert1l1Zer colculohons Knowing the n~twl lev cb '"rcdoomcd wat t con reduce your ferhlt7.Cr pur chu~ Tho oppl1cohon of 1 inch of rcdoimud water cont01n1nf,l ?0 ppm n1lrote N1trogcn odds about A 5 pounds of n1 trogcn per aero {lb N/ocre) Ia thn so1l II you trngot 40 1nchcs per year, thot works out too l.ttlo over 4 lb rx:r I ,000 sc~uorc feet

• Rt-pcur ony tmgolton dcvtcos broken wlulo ~rvic•ng o srtc Replacement porb •hould hove th some choroc lcrt~ha os tho ongenol component~

• Visually observe s1t problems ossocralcd w1th •rngo hon (r c wet, dry spots, e.xces•vc weeds '" ~pcc,fic loco!ton) or s~tcm components (lcob, broken C(IUIP

mcnf) and report problems to the cltent

• When loodung salts, wluclt IS necessary in some sotls

dvc lo roar water qu<Jitty, ol~ wo11 unltlthc nutri cntlcvclln the so1l1• dcpl !od to avotd lcachcng of fort1lczer nutucnts w1~1 the wit

AdJ1toonol BMPs lor tho~ wtth owncahlp/mornJgcmt.'fll rcsponstbtlcty

• Group pl<ml~ by s111nlor water rcquircmcrtts (1 c , Hydrolonesl

• lrrigot•on controllors/limers should be rc~et ~ccaono lly to account lor plonf growth requ~rcrnenls cmd local cit malic condthons

• Properly coltbrotcd flow meters, sotl motstvrc ~P.OSOI"$, ratn shut oil dcvtccs, ond/or other automate<! mclh ods lhould be used to manage irrigolton

• lrngohon rates Mloufd not exceed the mruomum obtl•ty of tho sotlto absorb ond hold the water opplted in ony one opplrcolton

• Implement a prcvcnhvc motntcnancc progrom lo replace worn components before they cause wot r, fcrttl•zcr and chcmteal wast

• Perform weekly (or at each •••c v•stt) vcwolm~llons to tdcntoly leah, ~okcn ro10 sensors or spr~n~lcr heads, and other systom malfunctions

• Replace or rcpoir oil bro~.cn 01 worn components hcforo the next scheduled irrigohon

• D1~1nbuhon umfo1mtty should be chocked onnuolly

Dlopmtmcnl of En•I!Oilrnct~tol Protcd10n R~tsed DECEMBER 2008, 2ND I'RINTING '2010 II

Chapter 4: Mulching, Mowing, and Pruning

LANDSCAPE MULCHES ~ l uldt •~ ·'") m.atcnul .applied tu the ~ml surl.tn· h> pro­ll'll nr 1111ptm c l he tlfl I l:ll\ Ch:d. ~I uldw:s ar(' f rcqlll'llll)

apphf't.l .uound plant to mullah th~ soal em tronment and l nh.lllC~: pl.ant gro\\ th I h, nr.t con ... , 1 of org.mu.: mate· nul uch ,, h.ark, '' ood chrp., ~~~' cs, ptnc nn:dlr • or grass drppangs, or thn aan he morganlc: m.ttcn:tl ... uch ,,, gr a HI, pchhles, poh ~:tit} I Ill' him, or \\fl\l n ground dnth Mukh cun hl' apphctl 111 thl ml ~urf.an· hut .,hould nut 1t 1 ·'~·"""' the It 111 of l.andsct~pc pl.mt

Mulclung h.t., rlw follll\\lllg b,nd•~ tal dint" on the .,otl .1111! pi.IIIIS

• Mulch, c:.rn ptc\l nl th1· luss nf w.ah·r It om the smllw t:\.ljlllt.IIIOII ~10151\IIC 11111\1! h\ l•IJllll.ll) ,\(11011 W the ~u d an• 11m I t'\ .rpor.tlt tf the sml " not em crcd b) ,, mule h

• \ lulchcs uppr~s \\ted~ \\ht•n th • mul h rnatcn.tltt ... cll 1s \\ted lrrc and applied Jceph enough (1to 3 mchc ... ulla sctthng) to pn:\CIII \\cui gnrmn:uwn or to mother C!\t ung m.all \Hl'cl

• \ mnr, urulorm "-ntltrmp~ r.uurl' l'.Ul lw malntatnt:d h\ muldunp IIH rnul, h .Ill .1 .. llll lno;ul.uor th.ll kt·t•po, till' -.ml cuolum.kr lllll"ll"t' ... unltght .mel w.um tlunng lO}d \H'ollhl'l

f't}uro 13 Never bu•ld volconoet Th1s crown w1ll rot ond tho rooh ore smothcrod

• \lo 1 mulch prcHnt cru tmg of tlw .,o1l surl.tll, rhus unprm rng nhsorp110n and p~ t((II.Htun of \\,th.'t 111111 till'

t•al and, .11 the same 111111', ll·ducaug t'ro ... wn

• 01gan1c rnatc1a.al u nl tt n mulch can unpr." l' soal tru lUll' und 11hh A mulch dt·us ... thl' mllll'lllll

hcu1nHS 1opsml l>cc~-.m • mulch rnn) :tl o :tdd nullt· ~ nts to th( sml.

• i1.1uklw udd w tlw hl,llll) uf lhl' l.md-.t.l(ll' b> p11md· 111~ .1 cc1\l r uluntlonn liiiM .111d .mlrllll~"lln~ -.uti.Hl' ll'\tlll l'.

• ~lukhlCI pl.uw; ptodun: flllHo; 111 .uH.l drrn: tl) undt•r tlw mukh th.ll Slllfllllllds tht'lll l lw plant .. p1odt1u tlll'-.t' wnr rn .addu ton tu tht.' llltll 111 tht.' .,ml \:. .t n·,uh, rnulch~d pl.tnt IMH' lllllll ruul" th.111 pl.lnls th.ll ,\It'

nell mulchrd

M HNGBMPS

• When fco\ibl , u~ mulches mode from environmcn· tally lraend~y sourtC$ or rccyclod materials

• Do not pale mulch ogotMI o tree or around the bo~es of shrubs Bury1ng the crown~ con lcod to crown and root rot l.oov o clear $pace for o1r to rcoch tho trunk.

• Momtoin o 2"·3· depth of mulch aFter settlang .

II HOR DA fRIENDlY I!EST MANAGEMENI PRACTICES for P~oon ol Wahlr RMOUrtfli by the Gr_, loxkntrMn

MOWING THE FLORIDA LAWN !\lowmg ,., .111 1111port,rnt nr,nntl'tl.IIICl' 'lpt•nurun \lo\~ rng <~I the c mrect ht•tght llltHW•t·-. turf dcn.,rt .IIH.l r(llll ht'ltlth .u1d c;upJu,• s1·s \H't'd \ tkn turf rmpcdc ..... wrrm,•.llcr mnoll J\ ht·.rlth} rout ' lt'm t n ... ur~ thrll \\,lll'r .mtl lllllriCiliS IIC .th <II hnJ ,11\d not \\ ,blfU ( t \\ Cf wcnJ, nu·.m It m nl lor he rhtl ttll'S

( ltppmg ... tuntatn nutn~ll\'0 .mJ shuuld ht• rn tkd un the l.l\\11 I hr 11\llrlCIII ... llll.hpprng .. olll' pollut.mt-. \\IHn the} t•nd uptn Morm\\!llcr .,,.,,,.n,... und \\:ltcrhodiC.'>

(oro\\ th lUll"' .111d 1110\\ mg ht:lght h:t\ t' tlw mo.,t mOutncc on ""''' tng tr, quenC} \<;a rule of thumb, 1110\\ mg lwuld he dcme ,,ftcn t nough so that no more th:111 t•nc­

thud (II tht Jcnf hl,tdt IS It lllO\t cJ II <Ill) lllll 111(1\\ tng leu' ~:unplt , rl.r 1 \ugu<>tlntgra 1:1\\n I'> nHmcd nt.t ht:tght ol I tndtt• , 11 lmuld b, IIIII\\ ed "ht•n ll ~rtm., h•

,, hoght ,,f 'j > Ill 6 uu ht• I olhm urg tf11., prmun• murr­lllt%t's till' t·ll~tlllllllm\tllg 1111 photc•<.\lltlw ... r~ und llllp-. to m.11nt.1111 till' lngh [Wtt:t'nt.rge uf lt·.tl .. url.ru· nt•n·,.;,rn fur lwulrh rnol ch n fop11H'111 Rl'.,l'Utc.;h .,huw., that ll\llllltllg grus l ltpptng:. ro tlw utl.u.c, .,<,mcttmcs tdi'll\'d '''·'" gr.s rrt)tlrng, dol nntlllUl'.l'>t' th,uch hutltlup on tutl ( lrppmg h.tH' s1gnlll\.tnt nutru::nt \,lhrt· ruul dt·cornpu c r.&prdl) H'lutnrn~ mnc fl'ruhzct .u1d urg.uu~ m.llll r 111 tiH sorl.

-Turfgross Species Optimal Mowing Height

(inches) -

Bahiogrcns .<!0

Bermudogrou 0 75 1.5

Cnntipadcgran 1.525 Scolhorc Pospolurn I 0.2 0

St AU{lusrineurou, 3540 •owc111~· · 2 ().2 5

Z~onron 1 5·2 5

• Dwarf vortthtn of St tltcm 3 •ncl.os.

Augusltn1e9rou ('Sev,Uc,' 'Jode,' PolmcHo,'

Ftgut 15 Alway. remove dopptng~ from impervtous surloco5 The$0 nulncob oro goong shotghl to o wot r body

~IU\\111~ tqulpnwnt .md .. nmg llllllllll'J-. l•"' cf.tm.rgt' un·s lrel' trunk., dt.tr .uc bumtwd by 1110\HI.,, 01 rrn•., th.tr .rrc l"'l'tlu., pl\ol poml'i fur turn ... .H1' lllJUrnl \1,1 lnnt.Ht ~kt h.lllll I J.ull.tgl' ltllrn·., c:.llt• 111 .. ,. pttlgr~~­sl\ch lugger \\\Wild , "IIlli' tht llt'l' ,lrt' fut 111 lht• s;rmt• gcncr.l .uc.t tcpc.urJI) tl\er 1111w I lw J:unagl l Hlllu.tlh progtt ~es tluough tlw phloun, t.unhHnn, .md l\\ lllll ul the tile In a \\Oilit•C:I"' n lt.\rtll , the trct• 1 gtrtllnl md Jrcs I hllsC tnt's not krllt:d .trl' "lfl''N'O .tnd tht \\lltlllds end up as .111 cntr\ pornt lor d1~1::t c .md lll'l'd mil 1.1

lion I he \\htpprng t uon of tht m h•n ~trmg 1111 ,, llllll

rna um (]{ h.ul-.: •' )UUng tru qutt kh, C3thtng It'> dlllll!oiC

I he curcluluc;c of st11ng ttlmmt·rs anJ 1110\\crs Ill the

l.tndo;mpt 1 llll(>l'HliiH', unJ rlwre 1 nu 1~1 .. 1111 lei ll'>t thtm .1111111ld lh I' lh pl.tllllg thl• gr.h .. .trtllllld tlw h,,,,. nl ttt:CS "uh mulch prO\""'",, hufft·r Z(lll( I h,· l.ugt'l till'

mulrhnl .trdl tht l1•ss tht turl m·,tr th1 ~~~~· '' !.llt .. snl h\ ,h,tdt, till 111(111 IIJ{IIII the Ill\\ 11 1111!\\11 h.tS IO lll,llliiiH I

\\llh t.t .. l' , .llld th1· kss tht• .,11111g tumnwr nrnl., w lw ll'it'd ~lull h .tl~o lllllkt!> utltn lwndll-., ""' h ,,., rnhltl'd n)JII Jll'ltllllll fa11111 \\l'l'll5 ,rnd \\lilt I Ulll'>l'l\ .II Hill

llw gul\\ 1h h.thll alllllt•Atf "1J1h c•f .1 rurfgt.,.,., spn 11·s tlt•h 1 lllllll., 1 h. op1111llllll lllttlllg lu·1~ht , I rnJIH Ill , .1 111!

prtlcrn·d 111\l\H:r 1 pt ( lahlc I) ,\ gr.l'iS 1h.\l 'fln,tds

-Mowing Frequency

(doy1) Prefe rred Mower Typo _

A p t y Ra 57 Red

7 l.t Rotary

510 Rotary/reel

57 Rotary 57 Rotary

5·7 RIMlf

Dulmor') oro tho only cvhovor~ ol1h1s spnc::•e' thol $hould bo mowod ol I n

Dqlorlmonl ol Erwotontnontal Pn:,l loon - """'w.l DECEMBER 2008. 2ND PRINTING 2010 II

MOWING BMPS

• AdjU$1 the cuttmg hc•ght by ~etting the mower on a dnvcway or "idcwolk and u~mg a ruler to mcowro the d.stonce between the uround ond the blade

• Do not mow wet turf because 11 wn promote d1seo~e ond fungus, and dippings con clog the machine Mow only when the turl1s clry

• Sharpen tho mower blade frequantly enough to prevent a ragged oppeoronco to tho turf

• Mow in'' d•ffcrcnl dtrecllon every hmc tin: lawn •~ cut Tim prevents wear patterns, reduce~ the gram (gross laying over in the $0nlC dire<tton), and reduces the pos$•b•l.ty of scolpmg

• U~.e the h•ghcst occcptablo mowmg ho1ght for the grosses bcmg grown

• Do not remove more than one third of the foliage at one lime

• Do not d~rec:t cl•ppings mto bodies of wc11er or ooto Impervious ~urfoccs Remove any cl1ppings that arc blown onto s•dcwalk~, dnvcwoys, and other Hl1J1Crviou~ mem

• Do not remove cl•ppmgs If dumping occurs., d1stnbut tho cllppmgs by re-mowing or by l.ghtly rokmg You can also usc a loaf blower to d1slflbuto clipp•ngs

• Clcon tl1e mower aft r use to reduce rusll"9 and weed seed movement

• Pmchcc gross recytl•ng and return nutrients to the so1l

• If you must collect cl1ppings, compost them u~o the compost as a so1l mod,f,er or mulch

• Avoid mochon•col damage to trees and shrubs from strmg tnmmers, mowers, and other cqu•pment

hnllzuntnll c 111 u u,ll) h IIIII\\ ctl ~hulli'r tlun .m upnght g•uY.ulg, hunt lung g,,,.,., <.,,,,.,.,t•s '"'h n.•rrm' hl.td !S '·"'gr. ncr tlly hi" nllml!d tlu!'.t r rh.lll gr.l'lSt: '' uh "Ide hliult tk rmud.•gms Is 1110\\ l'd at '~r Joy. he1ght hr.cuu t ol 11s IHIIIlllllll~ n.trrcm k.tl hladc.,und km );lll\\lh h.1h11 ~ >n 1111' uthn h.•ml, b.dll.tgr.t'>s nn:d., tn lw IIHI\\l'd lughr.t hcoiUW ol II'> op111, upnght gruwth l1.1h11

lurlgr.• unJ,·rgm-s ph)SIIIIogH~ttl str,,s \\llh t.tch mm\· 111~, p.trtlud.ul} 11 too llllll h k.tl 11 ... ut• ,., tl'lllll\\'tl. T lw t•lft•t '" ul tlus" c01lptng c.m proclmc long term J,un.tg to tht nul "'ullcaH: 11 5u,ccp11blc lo numt rnus other ~~~ ~so;,• , Ill h .1 111~1 <'I • dto;,·asc, th11ught, .mtl un .. t:. ld It l'i ,tJ\\,1 ~ 1111p1111.1111 Ill k,l\l' .IS ITittt:h Jt•.tl .,Uif<llt' ,l'i pu .,thlt lor photo'> nth ts tu JHm ldt• loud lt•t n·grcm th

I or lllCJ\\ tug o;;tlcl\ he sur\.' 1c1 lnllow tlwsc lip~

• Ptt k up .til "'''Ill' , !.IH ks, .md otht•r Jdmo; hclurl' 111\1\\ •

tllg hi ,1\(11\) U.llll,lglflg tht• IIIU\\U or IIIJllllllg .,Oilll\IIIC

\\II h fl) 111g nhJl'CIS

• Nc\11 hll .1 hot 11111\\U \\llh g.t .. oluu:

• Al\\a Y.t'.u ht•u" kuthrr ~~~Ol~ wht•n mo,,mg the

PRUNING OF LANDSCAPE PLANTS 1'11111111g ts .1notiH·r unpnll.trll lu~~tbt.lpt• rn.untt n.u1u.• t.tsk. T hrvugh the stlccll\\' r~IIIIJ\ ulol shnots .111d hranrhes, ptunmg a pl.mt cnn '"'IHII\t' 11.s l11·.•lth, lt'UUCt' thl' nsk uff,uh111 , contwl gtll\\ th, .111!1 t'llh.tntl' lrllltmg, lim"'''"!-\ 111 .1ppt'oll.mn·. P&untng o;hould lw u 11.111 nl roullnt• m.untt'll.llltt' and hnuld not ht• dt It n.l until the l.uul c.lflC ,., OHrgruv. n llmH H r, clo e Ullt'IIIIOII 11lluld ht· p.uJ to prupt t ltllllllg,

drpcnumg on tlw nt·cd ol \ .mouo; pl.utto; I'IIIJWI pl.1n1 clntlllll lolll l'flllliO,IIt' 111,111 pt Ulllll8 f< tjlllti'IIICIIIS,

c pcc1alh for hrub

I fl't' .. huu IJ II til lw pnull'd \\ 11 hout n dt•,JII) dd II It'd nbJClii\C OhJt'CIIH's lolll tnt.:lutlc I) rcduung du nsk ol £:uJUrl' h) IIIIJHO\ mg IIUCIUfC UntJ fCIIIO\ mg dcutl ht.mdtt , l) ra&,mg or rulunug 1 he u m' n 10 1Hn\ldl' t kur.mu•, :1nd l) th11111111g the t mwn 111 1111 rt'•'"' ,111 .1nd h •ht pcm:tr.llwn Rt'IIH)\IIIS tht· lUrttll lt'IIIS .and branch· to a .. ,omphsh thc o;pruflt d nhJrcuvcs 1s b

11nportant .1 makmg tlw cmrrt:t (HIIn&ng t:tll If till'

\\ wng hr.utchcs, or I till 111.10} hr ,1111 Ill's, .1rc rcmuH·d 1 H n "11h prnplf pruntng 1 Uh, tlllthmg ol mt 111 h.to; l>l'cn 11\:Comphslll:d

I,,,, 11 lm IIIOil tnlorrmlltnn, t't' tlw lulluw111g

• ( ht•tk \0111 IIW\\l:l CHI') llllll II l'oli'CJ I olllm tht•

tn,lll\II,ICI llfCh h ~ lllllllll'OJ.IIJt)llS I (II ~t' 1\ Ill' anJ

uJ Jlbttm 111,

• flORIDA FR ENDlY BEST MANAGEMENT PRAOICES lor Protection of Wa!r!r Rmourtm by the Gr_, tndu1trun

MAN 1 ha•e spl.'lW ul nMngru\l'"> .Ill' n.tltH' Ill Jlurula: rt'd tn.lllgrovl' (RIIftc•r•lww mdnglc ). hlJl k m.mgrovc~ (1httu1nw Kc rrntndrl\ ), .uul wh1tl.' nMngrmc (I "~unculmw II II I lllll\11),

Rr.tl m.mgwH's arc t'.t tly tcflonllltl.'d h) the·tr • prop wob," \\ htdt ,If(' t.1nglt•d, rnld1 h, ,lt'rt.tl roo~-; that llngtn.lle' lrom tht• trunk nml hr.tnc hrs. I hc1r lt-.1\'l''> .m· I tu '5 tnlh­l'" lung, hrn.td .md hlunt 1111 dw tip, shill)' dn·p grl'e'll on top, .111d p.tlt:r 1111 tlw umlt•r 1d1 .

nl.tt k m.mgroH' l.tn bt• ttknllfll'd h) llllllll'lllll., l1ngcrhkt· (liHJt'{; ltlln ... c.tlkd plh'Unutuphur.:s, th.tt pmtnldt• ltom the !otlll.uoulld tht• trl'l''s trunk Bl.u~k m.ctnght\l' h-.1\cc; lit' oh!t)ng, !>hill gn:t•n on top. ~nd \e t} p.tlc em thl' undn.,ldc lll,llk nl.lng1me•s .Ill.' u-.u.1lh htund .11 sltghth htglw r de\ .llltllh, upland l1o11t ll'd m.Htgrtwc·.,

\\ hue• 111.111grm h,l\ c IW '1 1hlc .tcrtal root ) '>I till, .1 do rc·d .tnd bl.ll k m.mgr"' !>, I he c.htc .. t \\,t)' Ill ldt·llttly w hue• m.mgHl\l'S IS br tht•lf k.t\l' I hC!-.1' ollt' ll[llll l 1m he• long, dltp11o I (HlliiHicd .11 huth (IUis,cthen \\llh a notd1 at tht• lip), and H'll"" 1 h 111 tolor, \\llh I\\O Ul!>llll·

!l,lll.,lung ~l.tmb .11 t hl· b.t.,~· of t:Oll h It• a( hl:uk '' ht' lt' tlw •Mill hq~111., \\ htll' m.tngtllH'"' m • ur;tt.lll)' ltllllltl Ul lugh· c1 cloullon und luther uplund than tlllll'l red ctr hl.tck lll.lllghl\ C.'>

llw lllll(l MnngwH' lrtmrnlng.tnd l'rt'!'.t'r\.lllllll \lt ,

nllons 103 Y1ll-401 9\:ll,llonJa l.llulc.,, gmcrns I lw I fllllllllllg and ,tlte·r .lllllll o( m.lllgro\l' rhc I lond.t lh p.lllllll'lll ul lm lftlllllll'lll,tl Prttll't linn {I·DI·I') .u1d St'\t'r,tl ddq;.tlecllnt.tl gmt tl1flll'llh unplc'lllt' lll tlw IIIUIIgiOH' progr 1111 ~1.tnglll\C lrtlllllllllg IIIU ,tht:rUihlll

The mangrove preservation act'' major provision' include the following:

• The d,ffcrcnce between •tnmmlng• and •a!tcrotton• of rncmgrovf" is dcf,ncd

• Mangroves may not be reduced to o h 1ght below 6 foot from tho sub~trotc and often may not be legally lnmmcd down to 6 feet

• Mangrove roots, indud1ng C1eriol and prop rooh (red mangroves) and pneumatophorcs (blac:k mangroves). may nat be tr1mrned

• Undm ccrtwn condthons, o profe$s•onol mangrov lr1mmcr musl conduct or supervise the tnmming

Dead mangrove trees ore covered by the some regu· lotions os living mangrove trees; contact tho closest Flortdo [)( porlrnenl ol [nv~ranmcntol Protcchon offtco for specif1c mformotion on dcolmg w1th dead man grove trees on your d1cnt'~ property

ma) lw c.lnrw h) prvpt·rty cl\\ rwrs undrr u rt.lln t'xtmp· 111111'>, ,,., '>(ll'ltltnl 111 Set.: I IIIII Hl3.lJ \2b , l·loud.t Sl.lltllt'!t Otha tnmmtng rc'<(UII\'s tht· !.U\Iu:~ ul a p1olt.·.,.,mn.tl mangrn\ c tr11nnwr and ITIJ\ n·qUtr~ .111 I I> I I' pnmtt n 111111 llll 9 32•1, I lonc.l.t S1.11 ull· , ~nvt'lll'o \llltl m.l)' ht·

t:lln'>ttklt'd a proll-.,o;tnnal m.mgrovc trllnnwr

It IS 1.'!-.(lCct.tlh llll[ICirl.llll th.ll ofCl'll lnJu It} prufr., loll .11 .. untlt r .. t.mJ t h.11 u11d1. r tin .11. 1 ltomu1w rH ro; anti t ht: indl\ 1dual., lhl' h1r1.· Ill trim th t• tr nt .lll~ruvt•., .l r l.' Jtltntly and "I Hr.tll ) rc-.pun.,ihk fur tlw .tppruprt.m t n mm1n~

nf m.mgrm c.,

Alltnmm1n~ should lw tlune 1n .1 m.llliH'r 1 h.tt dot·., nut rt.'!>Uit 111 tlw h llHl\.tl, <.klt~h.uwn, 01 dt uh ol the m.tngWH' Red rnangwH·s .ue p.trllllll.lrl) M'll"lll\l' "'

lll.tjl(llll[HI.lll.' tttlllflllllg Ill gt.•twr.ll, the• c IIIOJl} ul1nl mangrml"s hould not lw 111111111c'd , und no nttllt.' th;llt 25 pctt.t'lltllf tlw t..lllll('\ ~,,f hl,ttk utd whitt m.111g11•H'S

lwuld h• rcmm cd l'tdt·r.thl)', 'IC\\., htHIId Ill' oht.urlt'd

In· th1nntng tlw t..UIIl(l). u~.111n~ ""lndm,..,,· .tnJ "upltlt­mg," cump.ttl.'d \\lilt lwdg1ng Cwh1d1 l.lll lw ll.lrllt ul.ulv dam.tglng to rt•d rn.mgroH'!t) .

• l hi.' hookll't \lun,~:rm c' llwmung r. urtltlmt ' Jm /lrlllll'tlllrtrl\ '" ·" .ul.•hlc nt I·DI·P., di5llltt nlltn., throughout the sHill', )ou IIIII) "1o;lt In nht.un 'ot'n l.tl

topi{S to gt\~ our clttnts. BcloH' trllllllllng 111.111· gW\t's, horne•owrh r .tnd l.md..,t.tpl'r~ :;hnuld rl'.td the puhh,,uron" tlll·d 111 thl., ~~·ctlllll, m 1 alltht• I muonmcnt.tl lh·5ntmc.· l'r 11n1111ng .,,,,rr at I Dl· f> \; dr tfll;l oH1n·~ Wll\ <HU 'tol.utng tht m.mgrll\t' pr{ t 1\.1111111 IH I

DISPOSING OF LANDSCAPE MATERIAL NeH'r "''H(l gr.t'o'i d rpptng'>, Jr,l\t''>, m uthtr ddlll., tn to . t '> tnrm "''" t' r I h1s polluii!:S our v. .111 rhmJrt:., .wd m.ty, 111 'illllll' t.he's, tlog I Itt• 'i)Stl'lll .md 1 ontrthutt· to lie lOU IllS

lk l':.tfl lui\\ 11h )3HI \\U'itl'l C lltlrss dbl)l'"•'lm.t)' 5[lh',lll 111\.l~IH' mm -n.lll\t' pl.1111'> to ,tH'.t5 \\ lwrt• tht·~ dun I lwln11g I '" n :tnd l.tnU.,l'a(ll' m.tlntt.•n,tnu• 111\'oht.·s 1 he rcrnm tlnf lc.l\ • d1ppmgs, v. holt• l.mtl 1 apt plant , unci

l'H'Il Ull\\,tntt•d hou!>tplalllS (otHn cont.tll \\llh s111l and .;ufrltlt'lll \\.llt'r, tlw~t· lll.IH'rt,tb rn.l\' bl'ulllll' , • .,,,,hl ... lwd .11 the· drspo ... al Mil D1 pow ul tlll'lll l'..Hc•lttll)'. o pbnt'> th.tt .tre unwantt•d 111 nm· lo\ullmt de111 t untlllt'lllttlll.tlh ht:ltllllt' t' tahltsht J el<.t'\\ htre· ont.tll )clllr ul\1111} •

'' ,t.,te· m,ln.t~t'lllt'llt ulllttv or Coopi.'T.Itl\'1.' hde·nsum

Scr\lu' .tgt•nt lor lllllllmatlllll .thmll lo<:.tlclto;pos.tl '>ltt''o 111 'our .m .1 th.u .11 ~ dt· tgnatnl leu pl.llll '' .t<.tc· I du .th' \ etur ut tomcrs .1hm11 propt.'r pl.tnl dtspo~.tl ,urtl hm\ 11 cnh.liHt''> tlw prutt'l IIIHl ul n.llur.tl .Hl'il'i

~nnlt l1111l'., l.tnd.,t.tpc \\,l~lt' lll.llcrt.ll .uc di'>Pil'l'U ol1n .ltll'~~•hk lot,llltlfl'> on IIIIICUIII.' cl:.t·\ pr{lpl'rt}, cllht·r

puhht m pm.ltt' llhg.ll dutllplllg h.1s ,1lluwed sncr.d spc~1c' to ht'CIIIIIC c r.thhshnl1n ll.lttu.d .trc.l'i \\'a\ hcgtlllla porhu • lll'.IHIII) h.unlwo, nrdts1a, golden ham­httll, 11111 .II Tim lw.td \Inc ttrc anwng the pcc.:1cs that Jt,l\ l 1110\ nJ lilt II\\ Jld IHCUS through 1111., IOl'Ch,IOI\111, JJu., JliC~uJ oJ IIOil·ll,ti\C (>COCS IIlio JHOICClld .,ILC~ IS

thll Ill 11111g the plulll .111J 1111111,11 J>CCil'S tho e '>Ill'S

"er~: purchased to con 'n c

A\\ .Ht·nc..., ol hm\ .1 "Pl'<:ll''> ,., ltkd) to become t'st.lh h lwd rs 1111port.mr \ pl.uu· .. rl'l.lll\l' t'.hl' ol prup.tg.Jttllll 111.1) pro\ldt• '.llu.thk 1 n.,tght ante' ll" poll'nll.ll w ~pn.1d . l'runnlm.ttaulllrom ,, spnar ... th.ll I'> 4ll1c.:kl} prop.t.:.unl 11om llllltng .... sudt ,,., \\nldt.l nr IJnt.tllJ, may t.tkc ruur

\\lllwur .tppwpti.lh' Jlll'C',IUllon~ 1 he Lllntng of m.untt'· n.lnlt" .ltll\lllc., l1ln rnhllt' tht polt'nll,tl for di.,C:IIdtd pl.tnrs ro lx·ullllt' csruhh lwd 'dll'rc the\' .,houldnr

Dept•nJIIlg on rlw uuuuon nmllocalt'rdlll.mn'"· 'l"n.tl optu1n url" .1\ .ul,thlt In ~llsptN: ol pl.tnr m.II\:CJal II' mg pl.tnt ll''llt' Ntn bt• dt• lfll\\'d nn·'>lh through hurmng, CUIIIJlO!>IIIlg Ill hllh, ur pUlllllg II 111 01 UllUl'l lwa\ ~ pl.l'>llt: ~l.u~n.tlma} alS<J h~ dumpnl1n dt·.,agnatt•d dl .. po ... ll .ur.,.,

llw lnllm, tng ''P' t.ln n·dtu:c tht• otluclenr.tl p1t1Jl..lg.ttton oJ llOil•II,IIIVt' ~pn: 1\'S

• J>l.uw; t.tn lw pruned bl'fnrt tht• lruu ,., rrhlturc, .111d lc.1l r.1k111g ~.111 lw dtmt• h( lmt• thl' 'Cl'th nf -.urrlHtrllhng planr... h.l\ t' dmppnl

• \\ hcnnc1 Jllllttlt,ll, .and 11 tlw lwmco\\ m·r ".lllll'll.lhlc, ):trd \\,,.,,,. hould he <'"Otnpostt't.ltlfl·.,lll und rt·t.mll'd fo1 usc •• s mukh I Ius nlS<l a\ old u.m poll,rttnnnnd d1 pos.'11 co Is and n.:duu-:s 1 he nn·d lor pur\ ha .. nl malt'ru.tls

• FlORIDA FRJENDLY BEST MANAC:EM£NT PRACTICES for PrOiedoon ol Wo~ I!O!SC!Urce by lha Green lndultucs

Chapter 5: Fertilization

FERTILIZER TERMS "Fertilizer" means any substance that contains one or more recognized plant nutrients and promotes plant growth, or controls soil acidity or alkalinity, or provides other soil enrichment, or provides other corrective measures to the soil.

"Fertilizer grade or analysis" is the percent nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium guaranteed by the manufac­turer to be in the fertilizer. For historical reasons, nitro­gen is expressed as Total N, available phosphate as P20 5,

and soluble potash as K20. The percent sign is not used, but instead the numbers are separated by dashes, and the order is always N, P20 5, and K20 (for example, 15-0-15). In this chapter, the abbreviations N, P, and K, respectively, are used for nitrogen, phosphate, and potash.

Many fertilizer terms are officially defined by the Association of American Plant Food Control Officials (AAPFCO), httpJ/www.aapfco.org/.

FERTILIZER ANALYSIS The Florida fertilizer label is detailed and intended to be highly informative. By law, the product's label is required to provide the following basic information: the brand and grade, manufacturer's name and address, guaranteed analysis, sources from which the guaranteed primary and secondary nutrients are derived, and net weight. In addition to the grade of the fertilizer, the label also identifies the breakdown of Total N as either Nitrate-N, Ammoniacal-N, Water Soluble or Urea-N, and Water Insoluble-N. This N breakdown supplies information on the immediate availability and/or leachability of the N in the bag. Slow- or controlled-release fertilizer is defined by the Association of American Plant Food Control Officials (AAPFCO) as a fertilizer containing a plant nutrient in a form that delays its availability for plant uptake and use after application, or that extends its availability to the plant significantly longer than a reference "rapidly avail­able nutrient fertilizer" such as ammonium nitrate or urea, ammonium phosphate, or potassium chloride.

Such delay of initial availability or extended time of con­tinued availability may occur by a variety of mechanisms. These include the controlled water solubility of the mate­rial (by semipermeable coatings, occlusion, or the inher­ent water insolubility of polymers, natural nitrogenous organics, protein materials, or other chemical forms); by the slow hydrolysis of water-soluble, low molecular weight compounds; or by other unknown means.

In most cases, the higher the Water Insoluble-N percent­age in the mix, the longer lasting the fertilizer. This is the portion where most of the N from natural organic and slow-release N sources appears. A fertilizer that

contains all of its N as Nitrate-N, Ammoniacal-N, and/or Water Soluble N is referred to as a soluble N fertilizer, which has a high potential for leaching and should not be applied at rates greater than 0.5 lbs. N/1000 square feet.

A fertilizer label also contains a "derived from" section that identifies the materials from which the fertilizer was formulated.

For more information, see IFAS Circular CIR-1262, Selected Fertilizers Used in Iiafgrass Fertilization, at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/55318.

Secondary and micronutrients are identified in the lower portion of the label and are expressed in the elemental form. Sulfur (S) is expressed as "combined" (usually expressed as S04) and as "free" (elemental S form). The reason for this distinction is that "free" S is very acidify­ing when placed in the soil. Magnesium (Mg), Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Manganese (Mn), and Zinc (Zn) must be expressed as Total and/or Soluble or Water Soluble depending on the source materials formulated in the fer­tilizer. Chelated elements are guaranteed separately when a chelating agent is denoted in the derivation statement below the guaranteed analysis. For additional informa­tion, see IFAS Publication SL-3, The Florida Fertilizer Label, at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/SS170.

FERTILIZER APPLICATOR LICENSING In 2009, new laws were passed that will require all commercial urban landscape fertilizer applicators to obtain and maintain a Limited Commercial Fertilizer Applicator Certificate (LCFAC) From the Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services by january l, 2014. One requirement of obtaining this certificate is to

complete an approved training program based on this book. Training is available throughout the state at County Extension service offices, online through UF Extension, and from industry associations and other trainers. See http://fyn.ifas.ufl.edu or http://www.flaes.org/ aes-ent/index.html.

URBAN TURF FERTILIZER RULE In 2007, the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services adopted rule 5E-l.003(2), labeling requirements for urban turf fertilizers. The complete rule, as first adopted in 2007, is presented in the Appendix. The rule limits the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus that the manufacturer may recommend for application on urban turf and lawns in Florida. It also directs the manu­facturer to recommend the use of BMPs for professional applicators and golf course or athletic field managers.

While this rule only applies to the manufacturer's label for fertilizer, many local government ordinances, and

Department of Environmental Protection- Revised DECEMBER 2008, 2ND PRINTING 2010

lutllh' st.llt' tlC(lllll'lllrrtt:. , lll.t} rnttllrl' th.\1 ,tpphc.tlur'i .thadc b) the anomrnt•ndauuno; on the l.1hcl In .HidiiHlll,

\Hnl ;11\d lct•d product'> olll lt~olll) Pl'SIIltcll'~ l•or p<''>llc tdt h n altzt· r cnmhlll.ltaon pru duu., the l.tlwl rc<lllll01l' lld.ll 1011 t.urH '> th t.• full force u f 'i l.llt .tnd fcdt ral l.m

TURF FERTILIZATION MANAGEMENT Om• of d11· lu s r '>ll'Jls 111 tkvl'lnptng ,, wrlgr.to.;; ft•rtahza tl\111 rtiJtMgt'lllcnt prugr.un lll\111\l., u h;~stt' knuwlt•dgt· nl llu· '>otl'i un "hach the turlgr..to; r ... uc ht•tng gnl\\ n lfu., kunwlnlgt• t.tn lw auJUHt d h> oh .. t·r-.tng .uul n.tlu.um~ thl' Oil's rh> lt.tl .md l ht' lllll II propcrltl'S. Must I lortd,t

f1gur 17 Streok•ng on o lawn cowxl by poor oppl•cohon te<hniquc

lltl" olll s;mJ, .md thcrrl11rr ret till hmllt•tl t(ll.lllllllt ol \\,llt'r .111d IIUtrtl'nt lndl\ tclu.tl \\lilt unl) ltmlltd tnun ­mg 111 sotls lllll tit trm "lwthou sotlts llllt.,tl) ..uml or JHt·dontlnatcl> cl.t •• and \\ ht·tht r tht• Mill cont.nn., ll.tkt: nllrrr <~I< Ill Ill t.tthnn.lll' 111 !.Ill' II l hl'"l' (lhJ(WIIIl''> m.t) 'itglllh<'111111) tllrct .1 tutlgt ..,._ ft rultzUIItlll 111311.1gl'I11CIII

prngr .un

Chc rrll(nl prtl(l\'lllt'" '>lit It '" orl pll, lrnw fl'lJIIIICilll'llt ,

t'xlra~ r.1hlc• ll\ c1 tll 1: K, c:1loum (C 1), Mg. und ~kctHI mat llllllllrtt·nrs sut h n-; ~In , ( 11, und Zn ( 111 be dctOilllncd

thcuuglt 1tl ICSllfl~ lltlflcl:c ntl II' not nn.li)'ZI'tllor ~ hu lll"e 11 l'i haghl mohtlc 111 sarlll}' sml.; Sm(C rd1.ahk uliH'I.IIHlll., hct\Ht'll turlgr.lc;s grcl\\ 1 h .tml sur I lt''t N Ita\ c not hct'n dt'\it lupnl , tmlga.tss N kr11hZ1111on 1s h;ht'd c•n tht• rrquut nwnt s olrht• llldt\llltt.tllulfgt.l'slwlllg gruwn

\tid It tonal llllnrrn.llaun 011 ""I '~'"'""~ fur turlgt.h"t'S r.m hl· lnund l,u,·r 111 th1 ch.t(lll'l or an II A l'uhlr • tron Sl I HI, ~wl ln111rg aud ltlltrpullltwnfm Hmulu ltufgrcl"n , .11 hupl/cdts.i£as,uO..cdu/SS317

Fcrtrhzcr Sources ~l .lltlttn~ rht• lt>rtrllln umu• .1nd r.uc "tth the gro\\ th ph.ast• nllhl' lutfw•'"" '" lllll.' oltlll' kr)' Ill lllllllt'lll rnan -

.tgcnH Ill I or t'X,IIllplt', you rn,l} shtlt lwm I lh 1111.11 N ol I 'i·O 15 .,Jm\ rdt'.l'>t' 111 ·' 1/llh N ul 5 0-lll fur .1 l.tll ft•r· 1iltz.uaon a" clmm.tlll) .lp(lto.trhc•s I t.ltlllng lo .,., ol rmwgt•n 1,111 lw mtnrman·tl h) u .... ng c urHmllccl HiLa"'' ntllogt•n o;ollrtl·S, lll.tkang lrttJUt'lll , lcm -r.llt apphl.llhlll'> of .,oluhh: lc•rultzc·r-o , or .1pplyang .1 nunhanatmll ol lht 1\lll h rtthzc•r rnatt'll,ll'> l O\l·ratl' .tppltt.ltllllh .ut u ... u.1lh m.ldt• 11">111~ snluhk krttlczt•r.,, \\ hrllH 1 .apphnl ·'" .1 I11Jttrtl or granul.tt protlu{ t

Quick Release Sources On\' nltlw 1111l">tlOilllllllll mtrogl'll lc·alllt:u., '" ltrt',l ( H1

(l\ rn·11t N), "lm h .., .1 \\Jin-soluhll', '>ytllhrltl urg.trllt rlllrogt•n lnrtiiZl' l v;ith qtmk ~-rdt".lSl' 1 h.u.tl'lt'llf.lll''> lrl.t c.an he ·•rrlwtl .ts t•ulwr ltquad m gr.rnult·.,, .tnd "' .;uh)t'll to \:ol.ttlltz.uron, ur h,.,s ol nttangtn to thl· .1111111 -phl'rt' lfu~t•.a I'> .1pphrd to .1 tUrfW,I''i Mil f.tU' ,md 1101

IIICnrpuratcd through (lrtlfWI IITI);ollltlll , lglllltt,llll <lll.ll1

IIIIC" \If l.llllll' itl'tl thtOU~h \lll.ttlltZIIIIUII rJw rdlllt' , It s 1111prraii\'C that the prnpt r quu11111 of watt I ht .1ppltcd lullo\llllg tht .1pplu.tt1011 olure.tlt.'rultz,•r, Ulllt•.,.., r.llnl.tll as .lnllliJMtul Y.lllun H to 11 hour Rcc.lllthat 11111 mdt ul .1pphn.l \\,IICt mows tlw \\,\h'r lrunt ll1mlw thlllltgh t I lond.t sand) sml, tlh rdmc, tJ,, not .tpph t·~tt' ::.aq• trrt·

g.uron Appltl.lllon ol l/4 am h ol \l,tlt 1 .. twulJ he .. ulla llcnt 111 !>Oiuhrltzc nwst of rht Ult'<l nnd IIIII\ , . 11 tntn tlw

turfgr.ts., root zorw

II llh ·' IS .tppltl·d .uul lolltl\\1'0 h r.nnl.tll of .1n mdt t11

~r('HH'r w11h111 H In 11 hour .tftt'r .1pplt1 1111111 , lll1~.1 N 111.1)

111m l' hcltl\\ the turlgr.l " root zntu• hcC'.Ill'it of 11 111111

rmu n.IIUit' .1110 ht• Jcl.,l thllluglt ll·adu11g Alrht~ugh Ult'OI tlo\ 1101 ll.tch .1'> r.tpull) 111 umfmrnh .IS 111111\lt'•N sagnal­tt.cnt Ju.,.,nf N <•Ill onur tlt'XCl''i~I\C 111tg.ttum 111 r.unf.11l on.urs hortl) alter .1pplt01110n Ontt' till' ure.1 h.t .. hun C\ptl'it:d tn .. ,u(or turlgra.,.., th.uda 1.1\tl lor .1 .. hwt tum·. 11 I tOll\ rttd h) tlll' liiZ\'IIlt' Ult,l~l' Ill tht• ,lllllllllllllllll•N

lorm, \\ luch •~ mnrl.' hkl'lv 1o ht• aet,um·d h\ tht• st•tl 1 Jaa., Hlll\t'ISIClll n( UU ,1 I II U.tll) t'lllllrlt:tl' Wllfttll tfll' llhl lJ hours .alter tpplrt.llllllt 1 huo;, ,1 ht:l\\ r.unl.11l > 111 1 d.l) ultl'r .111 .1pphc.111on of urc.t should not lw ,,.., lllfluc nta.tl un N mo' t nn Ill

f1guro I 8 Wc•gh fert1liz.er to gal occuroto rc~ults

~~ flORIDA F ENDLY 6ESl MANAGEMENT PRACTICES lot Proltlchon ol Wctr~llcnour<m by rho C.CK!II lnd..nt111n

Recently some new types of stabilized N fertilizer materi­als have been commercialized. These products contain urease inhibitors, which slow the conversion of urea to ammonium and reduce the volatilization loss of N. Therefore, these products can be left on the surface longer without significant loss of N through volatiliza­tion. This delay in urea conversion is usually 3 to 5 days, which means that the N remains in the urea form for a longer period of time and subjects the urea to leaching losses if heavy rainfall occurs during this period. In most cases, these stabilized N materials also contain nitrifica­tion inhibitors, which slow the nitrification process as well. Recent research suggests that these stabilized N materials extend the N availability to turfgrass for IO to 14 days over that of quick release products.

Recent research has shown that some slow-release N materials may leach more urea than applications of quick release urea. This is thought to be due to the slow-release urea product leaching through the soil without being degraded by urease. Small quantities of urea (less than IO% of the total released N) have been detected in the leachate from some slow-release N sources during thefirst 7 to 10 days after application. However, by 14 days after application no urea was detected in the leachate regard­less of the N source applied; only nitrate N remained after this period.

Ammonium Nitrate (AN) and Ammonium Sulfate (AS) are two other soluble, quick-release N sources commonly used by professional lawn-care services. These two mate­rials are not as high inN as urea. AN (33.5 percent N) and AS (21 percent N), however, have a higher salt index and burn potential than urea on a per-pound-of-N basis. AS is also a very acidifying N source. For each pound of N applied as AS, 5.35 pounds of acidity are produced due to the ammonium-ion content. AS is often the preferred N source on high pH soils due to its acidifying properties.

Urea and AN are often formulated as liquid N sources for application in solution form through the irrigation sys­tem (fertigation) or direct application. Lawn-care profes­sionals often use solution fertilizers because of applica­tion uniformity and efficiency. Solution fertilizers do not leach more readily than similar granular fertilizers once they have reacted with the soil components.

Slow Release Sources There are many sources of slow release nitrogen. Several of the definitions provided by AAPFCO are listed below.

o Slow or controlled release fertilizer is a fertilizer containing a plant nutrient in a form which delays its availability for plant uptake and use after application, or which extends its availability to the plant signifi­cantly longer than a reference "rapidly available nutri­ent fertilizer" such as ammonium nitrate or urea, ammonium phosphate, or potassium chloride. Such

delay of initial availability or extended time of contin­ued availability may occur by a variety of mechanisms. These include controlled water solubility of the mate­rial (by semi-permeable coatings, occlusion, or by inherent water insolubility of polymers, natural nitrogenous organics, protein materials, or other chemical forms), by slow hydrolysis of water soluble low molecular weight compounds, or by other unknown means. (AAPFCO, Officiall985)

• Enhanced Efficiency is a term describing fertilizer prod­ucts with characteristics that allow increased plant uptake and reduce the potential of nutrient losses to the environment such as gaseous losses, leaching or runoff, as compared to an appropriate reference prod­uct. (AAPFCO, Official 2008)

• Ureaforrn Fertilizer Materials (sparingly soluble) are reaction products of urea and formaldehyde which contain at least thirty-five percent (35%) nitrogen, largely in insoluble but slowly available form. The water insoluble content shall be at least sixty percent (60%) of the total nitrogen. The water insoluble nitro­gen in these products shall have an activity index of not less than forty percent (40%) when determined by the appropriate AOAC International method. (AAPF­CO, Officiall984)

• Urea-Formaldehyde Products (sparingly soluble) are reaction products of urea and formaldehyde which con­tain less than thirty-five percent (35%) nitrogen, largely in insoluble but slowly available form. They shall have the percentage of total nitrogen as part of the product name; for example: 20% N Urea-Formaldehyde. The water insoluble nitrogen (AOAC Int. Method 945.01) shall be at least sixty percent (60%) of the total nitro­gen. The activity index of the water insoluble nitrogen shall be either (l) not less than forty percent (40%) by the AOAC International method for Urea-formaldehyde Products (#955.05) or (2) not less than fifty percent (50%) by the AOAC International alkaline perman­ganate method (#920.07) or eighty percent (80%) by the neutral permanganate method(#920.06). (AAPF­CO, Officiall984)

• Isobutylidene Diurea(IBDU) is a condensation product of isobutyraldehyde and urea having a minimum total nitrogen content of thirty percent (30%). It is a source of slowly available nitrogen by virtue of particle size, solubility decreasing with increase in particle size. Material conforming to the description of a "granular fertilizer" will have ninety percent (90%) of its nitrogen content in the water insoluble form prior to grinding as tested by AOAC International Method 945.01 (15th Edition). (AAPFCO, Officiall986)

o Sulfur Coated Urea (SCU) is a coated slow release fertilizer consisting of urea particles coated with sulfur.

Department of Environmental Protection- Revised DECEMBER 2008, 2ND PRINTING 2010

I Ill' product 1., u ... u:tll) lu11lw1 u~o~tnl \\ 11h ,, 'l',tl.Hll ( 2% to l'Xl of tot.rl \Hight) .rnd 11 wnd111orwr (2% tn l% ol 1111.11 \Hrght). It I) pu.:.tll} lllllt.uns uhlllll thut pcru:nt 00%) to fOil) pt•ru·nt ( 10%) llltrog,·n and .lhout ll'll pcrn·nr (10%) Ill thllt\ pt•rtrnt oo~,) ... ullur (;\AI'I < l1, Ollrcr,rl 19HO)

• { '' c1 lm nwlclc·h\clt l'rmlw 1~ (\\,Iter soluhlc) .trc reac­llull Jllodul: ,., ul 111 ru :md lorm.lldl.'hydr \\ h1d1 cn111.1111 .11 ll'ol'it thlrt}' pnccnt (30%) nrtrogcn, l.rrgt'l\ 111 w.ttl r ~~luhlc form Sonu hl\\ l) .1\.ul.rhle ntlr•Jgl'n produus 1Hl fll~l'llt Stahll lCJmnus soluuon'> m.r> he prcp:trcd from thc''l' m.rtl'tlals I Ill' n·.lctllln prnduos ... h.rll <on t.un 11 m.1x11num ul lrh\-lr\l' rwrtt'llt ('5'>%) ln·l' un·.1, "llh th1· ll'mlllmlcr uf till' urr..1 hem~ d1( 11111 til)· lOll\·

hun d .1 Ill( th) lolurc.IS, nu th) (,,(urea dhr.r • anU/or nwth\ km·thurc,l (MDU) .111<1 d1nwth lcmrrrun::l (1)!\1 l lJ) (,\,\ 1'1 t ( ), Olfrunl ll)H I)

• \lc th /rn(.t/wtt 11 (:\fl){ ) to; a \\alcr soluhlc c.:ont.lcns;uwn prnclmt tt '>tilling 1111111 tlw rlUltiClll olon1' rnolrr:ult of lolln.rltkh)dt· \\tilt'''" nwlcu11l-s of urcu, \\tilt tire cltnun,lllon ul nne nwlt·cule ol '' ,rtcr It h. sa mtm· mum 101nl nllru~cn uuucnt of fortv-1\\0 perl.clll (4l%) .rnd 1o; .1 !'.(Hmc ol ~lmdy ll\oiiiJhlc nltrogtn (A \PI ( 0, Olhlloll I 1l!H)

• Dw1rtln /, nctnur"' (1>\1111) 1., \\atcr oluhlc condcn s:tllun prmluu tt•suhm~ lrom rht rl'aclron oltwo molt•· llllt, ol fnrnhtldl·h dt '' 11h lllll t' rnolrtuks nl urt~.l, \\ llh till dumn.lllllll ••lt\\11 rnult t:ulc of \\4llcr, .md h.111111g .1 111111111\lllll lllllll nil rogcn COIIIt'lll ol hlfl) on~ pt'llcnt (-II%) It IS,, llllllC ol !'.!owl) ,1\:,lll.thll· nllru· gt•n (c\ \PI CO, Olltu.tl 19til )

• Dro 111111wnwlr (c urwguwwluu) IS a "atrr solublt• nrg.mrc compound ol fur mula < 2l I4 N4 \\ ht< h cor11a111 .11 lt.ro;l Sl:\l)•fl~t· fll'fli'lll (hJ%) nllrogt·n It I'> :1 ~tlllflt' uf hml) U\,11l,1hh· llltrugl'll It IS u nllrrlrcuuon mluh11or ( \A I' I Cll < ll11c1al 2000)

• /'!11) 1111 1 Cn!ltc·d IJ,,,, (I'CI)) IS u ltl.ltrd slm\ fllt.tSt It r­ulr:tr 1 ""''strng lll urea p.ulldt·s o.llc<l \\lth a poh­mer (pl.• t1c) r 1n It I) p1call) tont..llll ahm11 fort)

rrrccnl ( 10%) rutrogt n II IS 1 sourcl" ,,( ~to\\ I) .lhlll· .thlr• llllrogt·n. (c\AI'Il 0, l )If It 1.rl I <NOJ

• lrlll~lllrC ls ,t \\,th:r 11luhlt ct11n1mund of lorrnut,, ~ll11 N~< l1 I 'i (N·mcth\ l)·llrt'll I, 3,5-u l.tzln-2-(lnr m 'i nrl't h) lnwu1 t'ltlo-2. oxtllwx.l h} tim· .,.lfl,tZ I Ill I \\ h 1c h cotu.ulls rll lt·a~l lmt) pcrc.:ent (40%) wr,tl nurogcn (,\ \1'1 C:O, Ol11unl 198Q)

• Urt'rl 1r Ill lei/It' Solutroll ,., .r '-otuhlc o;olulltlll tu.ullln~

from tontrollniii.HIIIln 111 lllflll'IIU5 m~d1urn olun·.t, form.tldt '" J(. ,md <~rnmonl.l "hrch contauts at lea 1

1\\CIII\·fiH' pl'nt·nt (l'>%) totnl n11rugln I he ... olut1o11 ..,fMII tollt.un llllllltlfl' th.tn !t111) pl·rtcnt ( Hl%) nc1r ~r.,.,

th.lll lrH· pl'lll'llt ('i%) ol tnt,tllllllll~rn lro111 llllll'•ICtnJ

rm.t nnd not ll''>'> 1h.111 lurt~ JlCilCill (40%) lwrn 11r.1· zorw \II other n1trogr•n ... h.tlll~t• uciiH'O hum \\,llt:r soluhk, lhssuhnl h.ICIHlll prodllltS of thl .tho\l' lt'.ll ·

t,lnts It 1' .1 sourlt' nl ~ttm I) ,1\,lll.lhlt• ' "''"~l'll, (Ac\ Pre 0, Olfll1.1l I ~liO)

• \ktlr lr m I ttd(\) ( H J, pol) llll:lh} lt•nt• Url'a(..,)) IS .1

pmdur:1 olu.um·d h~ tlw ll'.lliHlllllf llh'.l wuh ltlllll.lll.k· h)'Uc and nmt.un<; ulrgnml'r... c1f llll.t homlt•d tngl'lhcr hy mcth} ll'lll" ( Cll2-) ltnk.l~(<; It IS dul:n\ Ullll(lO<.t•d ol lnlJ-\\,IIl r soluhk h.tcunns I rom mt tin lrm·d1urt'll (\1DU) .md rhrmth}lliHrnurc.t (()~I I lJ), hot w.lln o,nl­uhlc fr.llllon ... fwm truncth) km·trti,IUrt·a ( I ~II U) .tnd 1~ tnumth) lent pentaurca ( I \IJ'l ) ,rml hot·\\ .llt't tn'>nhl­

hlt fr:1ct lllll" frt,m t.mg1 r cha111 olrgcmt~ rs It 1 grncr Jlh lrcl' ul rnrth) lolut~~,., .mu rm:tln nlt•thrrs. II I'> .1 .,tlllltl' nf -.(em h ;n,ul.tbk nlltngl'll. (AAI'I C 0, Ollru.tl 20tH)

l rca ro; often fnrmulatt d usrng ,t < hr.rmcnl rtat·llon tH

Ul,lllllg Ill ptodUCl' ~~ rlllrZll'i Wtlh ~~~m-rdr .... t' c. h.ll,lt:ll'r· 1 lie~. such 11 ur~.:.llllllll·lldeh)"tll· (U I ''' N1trnlmrn). t<;ohut) lrtkllc c.hur~.,, ( IIH>U), .rnd ullur- or 1wh nwr-co.•t­cd urea I h •sc lcnthzt rs tlt'flCild on mHrohr,tl .t<IIOII, ... mt 1\llll~lltrl", ~lllcVor • dwrnlutl ll"ollllllll fur thl' II lrll'>t' or ~ lnr ll'il' h) tnrlgt.t..,., 1!1" unpmwnt to knm\ \\ lrl·n lo 11 c ,, gl\'t.:ll lo\\·rell'.l~l N S(lUrH' lllllllh r 111 oht.un

rna\mtum clfccti\Cnt~ hum till' mall'rt.tl I h1 1 tlu~.: 111 ~11\ lltli\111CIIt.tl lnnu~nn•s Ill\ lilt' N-ll·lc.·.t ... l.: ltlll h.llll .. mo, ul o,ln\\ • rdl,l"l N '-CliHn·~

Figure 19 Sfow Or quiCk relao~, this rorttltzcr IS fJOtng IO 0 WOiof body Keep lert1ltzer owoy from imporvtoos ~urfocor. ond wolor bod10$

II nOR DA FRlENDt.Y BEST MANAGEMENT PRAOlCES lex Prolflchon ol Wo11Jf RMOUrcm by .... er-lndiiUTIIH

llw N-rdl'•''l' nwdt.ll11'>111 lm nwth}ll'IH' url'•l-l)llt' p11alut t-- (Url.'nlmm.lld,•hyc.lr, Ul~ N11wform, Nutr.llt•nl', Mctht·x . or CoHon) ,., rnttroht.tl. lkc.tll'it h'll1JH't.l1Utc llllht\llll'' thr ·'''" ll} nltiH mlmtuohtal populauun , tlll'5t' nhllrrt.tJ., tdt··''t' N ntotl' .,J,m I> .111d .ul· k ~ d!~t­ttvt· durlllg tltt• uml .,t'.I'>Oil

I'.uudc c;tzc :111cl r.tll' nf h)c.lrolyMs tontrolthc ~ flloi c lwm IBDU, thu.,, tlw. prochtll ~twuld ntll hl· u .. ,.d du11ng JWrind., ol hl'.t\'}' t.unf.tll l lmH•wr. 11 ~~om· ol the mntl'

dh ctiH' nutrn.tls 111 the cool e.l'>Oil \\hen prct tpll.llton It~\ l'Js dn h',ISC

N tl'll'•''t: lront ~ullur·CtMit'd llrl'.i (SC l ) pwdmtc; ,., wn-1111111 db) the w.tung tllll kn~ unc.lttw dcgne oltmpcr· !cellon 111 th coatmg < lJ product t)lltcalh uulurc a onH" hat mottlrd .tppt.ll m c "hl'n u.,ctl dunng tht· lou I

w.t-.un , hut !Ill. gt•m mllv H't) dlet:ttw during till' IHgh­ratnf til , \\,trnt "<' 15{111 gtU\\ th penoJ lin,tU <;t• nf tlh' £r ,t~­

tk n.11urc uf tht· .. ulfur tn.u mg un nW'>I <,(L m.lteri.lf.,, thq .,hnu lc.l not h1 .tppltrd U'> mg .1 drop t}pc '> pn•.tcf,•r.

l lthrr proJu~ ts mdude Pl'h mcr-co.ttcd , commllr.d· rdc IS fcr11hzu that II C ll pol} m( I l:O.IIIflg IO CIIC'Jj>SU•

l.ttt nulnl'fll gt.mulco; \ pol nwr mcmlu.tnt' IS dH'Illl til)

hondnltu thl· "uh.,tr.Ht' u·,ulllng 111 .t lcrultzl't \\ 11h rd~· l'>l' gm um·J l.•rg~·h h)· oil tcmpcratur~ , pro\ltl( d .lllcCillllll tntll,tlltl: IS prt 111 I he n le.t c mcclt.IIIISIII 1

ll~llllliiC dtllus1011 ~01111 S) ll'lll' lOil'>l I or mul11pJc l.t}t'r'ul poh nwt .• 11ul m.t) tndut.lt• ntlwt tntcrntnlt.tt~· l.tl.lllllgs l'mdult long(\ II) m.l) he Cllllllllllcd h) tOallng thll km• mJ hh rultng rutlo

Oag.Huc: lntlliZl'r~ .trl' .IIHltlwr ~ourcc ol n11wgcn th.ll a<> shm I) m.tdt .1\.lll.thlc thr.,ugh rmcwhtaltkgrad.llhlll In thts CISC thl· tr.luhc I.II~S depend on naturc or the p1otltlll nmlthr pnur ltcutrncntth.llll h.ts ru:CI\td •~'> \HII U'> IL' III(ll'r uurc .tnt! llltll"'"'~' · Otg.uuc fl.>rtthzt r ... amllllltng hto oltd lrtllll \\ 1 IC\\~tcr lrt .llmcnt pl.mts, gt IICI tfl h,l\ l fm\ ~·f'i)5 lUI lOS,\\ htch lllCUIIS that ll IS

~hlltuth or tmpos 1hle ro 1m Cl the n11rogcn nn•do; of thl· tutl Wtlhoul t'Xtl'l'dlll~ thl" olllllii.\1111,1'\IIIIUill ulJtm,tbJt­J'l()5• unlc otlwr nur,,gcn LllHCc .Hl' .ulc.lt•d \onw m.llutl,llllllct do hlcml11t 111hcr N mn c-. In o\l'ttomc

''"' .u1tl prmtc.k .tmot~· h.ll.tlllnl prtldllltth.lt prl·~~· r H'" thl' lwnd11 ,,( nutncnt rcl \'lltng

In condu .. ton , ·• \\Ill~ vtlrll'l\ of ltm · n·k.l~t m.ttl'tt.tl~ '' .t\'atl.1hlt•. Und1'1 I) ptl.ll r=lnr ad.t umd11tnn-. • .,tm\•lt'k.~'>t' N 'otHlP' .ITt' lakl'l} to lrat h ll'" th.tn .111 ~·qu.ll amount ol wluhl~ N ~o111u' l lm\l'HI, t,,,t:Jung 1.111 o,llllt.tl c

pl.tn .tnt! 11ml' shl\\ -rdr.1 L' prod uti' 111.1) lw .;uhJl'll tn nuwlf ol thr nutrtl'IIHont.lllllllg .,fo\\ ll'lt.IW fl.Htldt•!> ,

)udu:tous ll'>l' ol p11>h-.,swn.tl JUdgnwnt .111d .1 mtxtull' nl <>nluhlr .1nd ..,Jo\\ · I dru r I" .-.our c' .trc n l nrnm~ ndnl

I or llliHl tnlo1rn.1tton on N !ioUret'!> fot l.twn krultz.llll>ll, 'tt'l' II AS l'uhh<.IIICin CIR-lltl2, ~~·/c•flc'tl/crltlt~t'" L \c'c/ 111 ltujgrm§ lt'lliltzcrtwn, .llllli.p/lcdlsJ.ft.,,l!JI.cdu/55:318, or l'uhltcntuHl sPI41,//mrcltr I II\\ II llcm./lwol1 1\11

1m 11011111111111/ tlf1JIIc'llc h Ill Cmc• cmcl \ltllllllllelllc c• n/ )illll

I ll\\ n, s1•wnd I dtt11111

Nitrogen Rotc one/ Frequency I he tntt• ol nutm•nt npphlilllllll, p.uttutl.ulr :-.1, tkpl·nd!i 1111 ,l lllllllfWI of r,ltllll'i : turlgt 1:. .. SJWt:ll''•

tur!grnss 11\Jtnt~ n.uac Je,rl go.ds, the "'l•llwn an tlw ~tatt "here the turlgrus .. IS hcmg grcm n, tlllll' of } cut, .tnt! I\ JlC of lt:tUhZII 11\11( I' f11 tng ll'Cd (o,oluhk lit .,Jo\\ rdcao;t•) I hus, .1 stnglt• r.llt ' ol ,tpph~.lllltn r.tlllllll lw rcconun~·nc.lt'd llw lreqtll'IH nl kltlltt..IIIOII .tbn depend on nlltlw fac:tor' ltc;tnl.tho\~ ltll i' r.11~· In lunll thl' cnvtrulll11tniJI111l(l.lll ol }11\lf ftlllhZ31HII1

p1ngt.am. 11 b 1 u unum ndctl t h.ll no nH II l' 1 han 0 :; poumf., c1f \\ dl l r .,nluhk ".J JH 1 I 000 " l"·" l' ft.~1.·t IH' .tppht·d m ,, m 11 m.tl .tpplt< .l t tn n !CJt,tl N huuld he lumt dIll I lh /1000 ltl, J>l'f tht· Urh.an I uti Rull· . labh· 'i t'olrnrntlw llortdil l tlldi:tl't Ruh•, 'ii.·I.OOH2) In tr11s urtgatcd \\llh rec.:l.unud \\Jhr , clwlk \\lth till' rcclaunccl \\ atr.r upphn for <' umatt of tlw :-.J apphlll per H.ll 111 thr ru l,lllnul \\,llll , .mJ ll'tOilllllt'rHiattnth to .ltlJ'"' the ft·rullz,uwn. A ~lltd} (or the J.nnp.t 11.1) l· tu,ll\ p10gr.1m (Apnl 2llllH) t ' ttm.ltld ll Clttl 53 lh N/IOOOftl \\a<> npphrd annuall) 111 l.l\\11 (rom ~nn.tl Jtfll' h'lll \\"::'>lf\\,U~·r lfl'.llllll'lll )Sit'lliS

Fur a dttlukJ l{ttthz.lltnn gutdt• lor llnnd,t llulgl:t.,scs, ~ec II AS l'uhhcatHJII l -2 1, Gr11ct11l Rrccllllllllllclcrtulll5

lobi 5 fetltltlohon guidel~nes for estoblc~hed tvrfgron lown' 1n three regc011\ of flo11do

N ••O? · ommendohom (II» N I I ,,.

>· ,,. Species North Central South

&ohco 2 2 .4 2 11

Bcnnudo 3·5 4 6 57

Centipodc 1 2 23 23

St Avgushlltl '2 4 2.·5 4 6

Zoy\io 35 36 4 6

• North Flomla h llOfth of Ocala Central Florida I$ thtlmed O\ south of Ocolo 1o o lena oltlnding from Vcro Bocxh to lQmpo South florido 1nducb the r mo1ncng soulhcrn pot11011 of the ilola

Deportment of (n.,•ronmor>lal Protec:hon- RtroriMICI DECEMBER 2008, 2ND FRit-ITING 2010 II

for Fertilization of Twfgrasses on Florida Soils, at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/LH014.

Timing and Season The timing of fertilization is tied to the turfgrass species, maintenance level goal, season of the year, the location in the state where the turfgrass is being grown, and the fer­tilizer source being used. One of the most important prin­ciples of fertilization timing is avoiding fertilizer applica­tion to dormant or non-growing turfgrass. During dor­mancy, turfgrasses take up very small quantities of nutri­ents, and applied nutrients are more likely to leach or run off site in the next thunderstorm. Slow-release sources also influence the timing of fertilization, in that fertiliza­tion is required less frequently.

Rainfall that exceeds the ability of the soil to retain mois­ture in the root zone may lead to runoff into surface waters or leaching through the soil to ground water. Do not apply fertilizer when the National Weather Service has issued a flood, tropical storm, or hurricane watch or waming, or if heavy rainsl are likely. While only about 3 to 5% of Florida rain events exceed two inches,2 cau­tion should always be used to avoid runoff or leaching from saturated or compacted soils or in other high-risk situations. Additional information on storms and weather may be found at http://severe.worldweather.org/rain/, http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/sew/MediaGuide/TermsOutlooks

Watches Wamings.pdf, and http://www.dep.state.fl.us/ water/nonpoint/docs/nonpoint/SW TreatmentReportFinal

71907.pdf.

Location in the State Based on seasonal differences, changes in soil types, and the predominant turfgrass species used on lawns, the state is divided into three regions: south, central, and north. The dividing line between north and central Florida is a straight east -west line from coast to coast through Ocala, and the dividing line between central Florida and south Florida is a line from coast to coast through Tampa and Vera Beach.

For tables providing fertilization guidelines for the vari­ous turfgrass species by maintenance level in a given region of the state, see IFAS Publication SL-21, General Recommendations for Fertilization of Turf grasses on Florida Soils, at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/LH014.

Soil Types and Turfgrass Species Most of the soils in Florida are classified as sands (96 per­cent), but within these soil types the chemical properties of the soils vary according to the region of the state in which they occur.

Soils in south Florida tend to contain higher levels of free calcium carbonate (lime or shell) and have a higher pH than the rest of the state. Generally speaking, St. Augustinegrass grows better on high pH soils than do bahiagrass or centipedegrass; thus, one finds more lawns with St. Augustinegrass in south Florida. In fact, approxi­mately 85 percent of the residential and commercial lawns in Florida use one of the several cultivars of St. Augustinegrass. For the recommended soil pH for the various turfgrasses used in Florida, see IFAS Publication SL-181, Soil Testing and Interpretation for Florida Twfgrasses, at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/SS317.

Due to the potential for ammonia volatilization, the sur­face application of ammonium-N and/or urea-containing fertilizers to these high pH soils without watering in (with 0.25 inch of irrigation) is not recommended. Central Florida soils contain less calcium carbonate and tend to be more acidic, with a pH of between 5.5 and 7.5. Except for areas where limestone outcroppings occur, most of the turfgrass species can be grown. Since bahia­grass and centipedegrass do not grow well on high pH soils, their establishment on soils with a pH of greater than 7.0 should be avoided. Soils in north Florida tend to contain higher quantities of clay and to be more acidic than soils in the rest of the state. Therefore, bahiagrass and centipedegrass are used more commonly for lawns in this part of the state.

Zoysiagrass is not used extensively as a lawn grass in Florida, but when used it grows best under the same soil and fertilization conditions as St. Augustinegrass. Bermudagrasses require high maintenance and specialized equipment, but can be grown under a broad array of soil conditions. They are typically grown under intensively managed golf course conditions. Bermudagrass mainte­nance is not covered in this manual but is included in Best Management Practices for Enhancement of Environmental Quality on Florida Golf Courses, published by FDEP in 2007. Available: http://www.dep.state.fl.us/water/non point/docs/nonpoint/glfbmp07.pdf. Seashore paspalum produces a high quality turfgrass with minimal fertility requirements and a high tolerance for salinity. This is a relatively new grass in Florida and may be very sensitive to cultural practices. For up-to-date information, contact your cooperative extension service or see Seashore Paspalum for Florida Lawns at: http://edis.ifas. ufl.edul EP059.

PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZATION Because P has been implicated as a cause of increased algae growth in surface water impoundments, proper P fertilization management is imperative. Therefore, the goal in P management should be to apply the correct

1 World Meteorological Organization definition of heavy rain: Rainfall greater than or equal to 50 mm (2 inches) in a 24 hour period. 2 Data from "Evaluation of Current Starmwater Design Criteria within the State of Florida" (Harper and Baker, 2007, FDEP Contract SO 1 08).

FLORIDA FRIENDLY BEST MANAGEMENT PRAOICES far Protection of Water Resources by the Green Industries

amount based on soil test recommendations. Since the first publication of this manual, the Urban Turf Fertilizer Rule, 5£-1.003(2) has been enacted. In addition to the nitrogen restrictions discussed earlier, there are changes to phosphorus application limits. The rule limits phos­phate application to no more than 0.25 lb. P20 5 11000ft2 per application, not to exceed 0.5 lb. P20s /1000ft2 per year, without a soil test. A one-time only application of up to 1.0 lb. P20s /1000ft2 is permitted for establishment of new turf. This BMP manual strongly recommends soil testing before any initial P20 5 application and annually if applications are being made based on previous testing. Where subdivisions have been determined to have rela­tively similar soils, this may be reduced to testing 1/2 to 1/3 of the customers each year, rotating the testing so all are tested every 2 or 3 years. For more information, see IFAS Publication SL-181, Soil Testing and Interpretation for Florida Twfgrasses, at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/SS317.

Turfgrasses use significantly less P than N and/or K. Some Florida soils are high in native P, and turfgrasses grown on these soils require only limited P fertilization or none at all. Soil or tissue testing should always be used in these situations. Responses to P fertilization are most typically observed for rooting enhancement during estab­lishment and where soils have a P deficiency.

The off-site transport of P is often associated with soil erosion from unvegetated and thin turfgrass areas. Research shows that runoff from a healthy turfgrass area is minimal, but thin and/or poor quality turfgrass has much a higher erosion and runoff potential. Because P can be a significant contributor to eutrophication, the proper management of P on turfgrass is just as important to the environment as N management.

Another source of P is in reclaimed water. Turf irrigated with reclaimed water may receive an excess of P, compared to the m<U..imum amounts recommended in the Urban Turf Rule. Do not add phosphorus to a site irrigated with re­claimed water without a soil test recommendation to do so.

By using the following simple measures, you can properly manage the P fertilization of your turfgrasses:

o P fertilization should always be based on reliable soil or tissue test recommendations. Many Florida soils are high in extractable P and may never require P fertiliza­tion for optimum turfgrass growth. Never exceed the amounts allowed by the Florida Fertilizer Label with­out a soil or tissue test recommendation.

o Since unvegetated slopes or thin, low-quality turfgrass areas are more likely to produce runoff and off-site P contamination than healthy, well-maintained turf­grass areas, it is important to properly maintain your turfgrass.

POTASSIUM FERTILIZATION Of the three primary nutrients (N, P, and K), K is second only to N in utilization by turfgrasses. Large responses in turfgrass growth are not typically observed in response to K fertilization, but K has been linked to reduced disease incidence, drought and cold tolerance, and enhanced root growth. The K fertilization rate is often tied to the N fertil­ization level, generally in a 3:1, 2:1, or 1:1 ratio. Recent research on Bermudagrasses suggests that optimum growth and tissue K levels can be attained at a 3:1 or 2:1 ratio.

Ideally, turfgrass K fertilization should be based on soil test recommendations. Because of high mobility in sandy soils, K fertilization should be made as soon after soil testing as possible. However, K is often applied without a prior soil test, based on the requirements of the turfgrass. Fortunately, K is not considered a pollutant, but prudence in K fertilization is essential for economic and resource conservation reasons. Excessive K fertilization can con­tribute to high soil electroconductivity (EC) levels that may limit root growth and turfgrass tolerance to drought.

SECONDARY NUTRIENT FERTILIZATION Ca, Mg, and S are referred to as secondary plant nutrients, not because they are of secondary importance, but because they are typically used in smaller quantities than the pri­mary nutrients. Of these three, the Extension Soil Testing Laboratory (ESTL) makes recommendations only for Mg. Mehlich-1 extractable Mg levels are typically low, and responses have been observed when the soil Mg status drops below 40 pounds per acre. For more information, see IFAS Publication SL-181, Soil Testing and Interpretation for Florida Twfgrasses,at http:l/edis.ifas.ufl.edu/SS317.

Due to the presence of apatite and/or residuals from pre­vious P fertilizations, the Mehlich-1 extractant may dis­solve higher levels of Ca than are plant available; there­fore, no interpretation is made for the extracted soil Ca. Generally, plant-available Ca levels of Florida soils are high and no responses to applied Ca have been observed. You may increase Ca levels by applying irrigation water containing high levels of Ca.

Consistent and reliable correlation data do not exist for soil test S levels and turfgrass growth; thus, the ESTL does not analyze or make recommendations for S. Fortunately, Sis often an accompanying anion inN, K, Mg, and micronutrient sources and is not often deficient for turfgrass growth.

MICRONUTRIENT$ The ESTL analyzes and makes recommendations for Cu, Mn, and Zn. Of these three micronutrients, turfgrass responses have only been observed for Mn. In most Florida soils, extractable Cu and Zn levels are adequate for opti­mum turfgrass growth, except for Cu on organic soils under sod production. No analysis or recommendation is made for Fe in Florida soils due to limited information on

~>· ,.,.

·' ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------~y Deportment of Environmental Protection- Revised DECEMBER 2008, 2ND PRINTING 2010

the em rl'l.uaon hct\H'cn ntlnnd us-;u~· kHI-.. unJ turfw.t'' g~om1h r~·~JXlll~~ \ grccn111g 111 rco;pon.,c 111 thr .tppltlallnn ,,[ l l' .uuVm ~I n \\lllmo<;t ltktl) l11. ,,ht utwd on turlgra-...,t: grm' n 1111 <.otl h.l\'lllg ,, pi I ol 7 ll or grc.ut:r ,,r 1rngJtcd \\lth .tlk.'llttll' \\,llt:r l lw .•pphc:Htun ol .2 ounu!S of tron ~ull,lh' per I ()O(l squ.llt krt .1s u foh.u I"·'> IN1.11l> pro· Jut: the dcstrttl rc pon.;c I ht~ n pmt'-l' t-. grm·r.tlh· o;hllft·h,~·J, ht•\H\Ct, .md rcuppltC"dll~)ll 1113) he rrqturcJ l 111 .ultiiiii111Uitnlorm.lllon, Ct' II AS Puhha~tton Sl-181, S<lll Ic '1111~ <llhl '"'''/"ltutum {m Ilor~d,, lur/gtu,\c ,,ut hnp:l/cdi!L.Has,uO,cdu/SSJ I Z

I '-l. thlt .. hllll'lll ~IIIJ fl'CCIH'l") .Ill' '>Jlt.'tl.ll .. 1111.\IHlll'- I ht• go,tl i5 tn get tlw em tmnntt'nt.lllwncltt~ ol,t '>llhd lO\Cr of wrlgw-.., ·'" qutl kl) ,,., pnssthk .tnd tht llht} rcqlllrc krttl· tz.IIHHI .tho\t'' h.ll ~·.,t.thh .. hultml hljllin.•., Nand K .trl'

u ... ed 111 panmntc ,, tllll k, \ tgorou .,t,md ol tud lhc 1' onh ''hen .1 Mlllt •st utdtcmcs thcu rs ,, lll'l"d I he B\1P for tct.untng nutncnts onthl' \,mn ts .1 llt'll'>l' st.mJ C1f 1url

llw lolh1\\ rng nwa ur~ cun he 11 ~J In lcruhzl' gr.N, lor • t.thh hmcnt "' r~:un t:l")

• Nc\\ sod hould not he fcruh:c:d \\llh nurogcn lor the rar,t 30 "·'> . unlllll "·'" ftrllll) Wl'tl·d llltO soli Plug., c.111 he lcnthud 1.11 the 11mc of m tallallun to cncuur.tgc tht 11tnncrs to pre:•d \ quac.k, compldt' gwunJ CO\cr

IS the uhun.llt goal

• Nc\\ I} .,,cdullllt:.l lwultl not rctcl\c nmogcn krtll· •~llaun unttl u ((IVt r ha ht•cn c tahh">lu.:d uml root 11.1\l' pq;gttl till\\ 11 1 II u.tlJ) ,1b0111 30 d.l) '-

• l~~r lit'\\ tud t'st.thh.,hnH nt onl). ~lltltt·~t rc .. ult":> 111.1\ uHitt,llt'll 111\l' tlllll' ,tppltl tl1on olup tu 1 lh !'!()~ /IOOOft2 as lll'l'lh d to t'llnlllr.tgt' r•'<'l gw" th flu., c;huuld not lw .tppltnllltlltl ~0 u.l)'" alter pl.uwng

• ~r." h , • .,t.thlt llld turloltcn ll'CJIIIfl' ll Jlfkrcnt lcrlllll) scl•~dul~ to gum .111d d~:\clnp .t den.,, stnnd Uoth r.ue~ .111d ttnung IIlli) he tllllcrcnt

• \\\·4tkt·ned turf 111.1) h(• 11mul, ted hal k to health lw N It r uhumon

• N rates "'"'uld lw udJUsttd to rm l'l thl' need' of the turl

,,luhle lt•rulr:cr 111.1) he rH t ~S<If) Ill pHn lllc a rnpu.J r (}(Ill 'it on "c.•k, ned 111 r(

• lmHr tolltl r lit' nl oluhk h:rt1ltur l 10 ('ltc>duc~:

cksttt•d uul tmprc,vemtnt "lwn ap('llll·d lrcqut:mh

• It• .md Mn 111.1\ Ill' uo;dul to ampamc cnlm, ""PI'll.lih Ill lll'lltl.tlnr ,tll...dmt .,nlls M •~ r nllttlltl'lll., ma) prov1dc

.tn lllllt.tllnlor r'~punw, \\htle N thtckcn-. the tud .md tmpr,,H rt>ot dt'\ dupml nt

• s\,l\\·tcl,·.• ,. It rttltZI't m.t) hl' .m .l(h'ant.tgc "lwn nutn· t nts c.umot he .tpphcJ ,,., lrcqucnth

I here ts no tgruhc.tnt dlff~:fl nee hci\Ht'll hqllld or dl")

.tpphc:tliCin lurlgr.t-.sl tak,· up N 111 th~· l~~rm ol n•trJll'

and arnrnomum, and all dr) lcruhz~·r, haq• to he dr-.-.oh,J 1)\ watn before the~ hcndh thl' turf In ll'lnb ,,f B\.IPs fnr Cll\ uonm1 nt.tl protn 110n , thl' pmpl'r applu;.tt Hlll ol I~ rIll· tzcr 1., mc,r~: unptnt 1111 than tlw I) P' ol prodUll

UNTREATED BUFFERS NEAR BODIES OF WATER 1·:-.:n·pt Will II adi.ICl Ill tu I Jlhlll'{ll\l' "l';l\\';'111, ,1(\\,l}'"

ll.l\'l' a " RanR uC Rc-.pnn.,thllit } trountlor .tlcmK llw shmduw oll.llhll'i, l.ll•l lll \\ tlll\\.1}'>. '>0 th.ll vuu do not g1·t k111hzn tnlo ,, hod) of \\iltl'l \\hen lt.rttltZIII).t ll '" uupott.llll to \ 11 '- llf l' th.11 lu11h:cr., .1nd nthca hm n t h r tnll.tl ., dn nut UIIIH' 1n w ducc t r mtLaCL w11h the ' ' ·'tlr 1H \\tth .til) 'olntt tllrl' hmcllllll~ till ''- ilHI nr .1

'>tunn cll .un -.m h ·"' J -..dn , .tl l... hncl. h<>rdcr dtaH' \\ ,1}

nr -.trn·t. If urn nl.l tl·nal-. dn All nnltl tlw~c llll('ll' l\ 11111.,

-.urf.tn'"•""''' P tlwm mtn tlw "~'Al' l.ttcd l.tnd .. l.lpl or nthl'r\\l 'il' dl .111 tht·m up

F'tgur 20 leov o "Rmg of R1!$pom•b'l'ty" to prcrv1101 poliuhon net th~t Awolc ond borm

llu untreated hufl,·r proli.'llS th, \\atcr tJualllv olthc "·'" rwa\ h) crll>unng no pnll ur drupkt entt r the" Her \\ hr.n upph tng ltquul ruuhzcr . the Rmg ,,( Rt.-sponslhtlm shoulc.J he ,11 l~tSl 1 fttt from lh~ cdgl o[tlw \\'at~·r.

1 he same 1 tntc ltll uppl mg granular frrultur-. "11h •' broada 1 kruhz£'r o;pt~:Jdl't that k.liUtl' ad, 11cllnr htt Jd \ dt flt CIOI Judd (lilly II Jill\\.., it'rtllll:ll tel he t.lts·

tt1hu1c:d ,m tllll' s1tk I h1s half ·l ll lr npphc.uum (ul'>tl'.HI of thl 1 puA1I lull Cll~o:lt• aprlu:ntton nf nw.,, krtthZl' l spt1'.1tkr ) allcm l111 .1 mor~· :llUH:lll' kruhzt·r .tpphl.IIWI\,

If } ou .11 ~ hw.ldl•'"lt ng It•• r II l:!t' J \\ 11 hout a drllrc1 or -.lm•ld, tlw l~tng nl Rr .. pon,tlllltt}' should o.:tend ,\1 ll'.t .. l

Ill flORIDA FRIENDLY !lEST MANAGEMENT Pf!ACTI ES lor Pr~.on of Water Rtt101.1rtes by llv.J (ir_, tnduwol!s

10 kct lwnt tlw rdgt• ol till' \\olll'l , 11\CC the.> pnllo; nlol\ hl'

thnmn up 111 7 lcct

Thr "Rang t•l lkspon<;ahallt)'," II\ 11 prcH·nt.tii\C huller. wlm h prolt·cts .tg.un 1 .tl adcnt.tl <.It reel cont:nuan.ltatm "ht 11 h ruh::mg, .md b the rro;pon thaht of the .tpph .t

tor t•rnc Cc)tllnlltlllltt Jll,t\ rcquuc larger treatment I miTer , \\ ludt .tr~ mtcudrd to ubsoa b pollut.mt from tor mwntc 1 llo\\ 111 • ,H;ru the land l..tnd clc' clupmcnt

codes 111 these communlltc acqum• de, eloper., nnd hutldl•ts to lr..t\ c n.tll\ c 'cgct.uaon ur other np:mau hufftr or hiler tnps to protect the wah:r lhtnt the hroad­cr dlccts or upllllcl dt H':lopnu Ill I h c .H~.•s u ... ualh do not ll qutll lcrult::tuon, 111 need 11 liOI dunn~ an m1111tl

tahh hmcnt plltod I Itt npphcatur houlc.l urttklst.md • 111tl tl'!>fll'd tlw lt.lllllt of the t' aH'a:.

IMPERVIOUS SURFACES ~1o.,lllrh.I111Und Ctpt o; .Ill' "llllllllllC.hJ ll\ llllpC'r\hlU' ..,tul.tu., sttdt .1 sttlc\\ .tlk-., drl\ L'\\,1} .utc.l .,trccts ,\n

Ftgurc 22 Ferhlt:z:ot on ltdcwolb runl off tnlo ltorm dro1n1. Sweep 11 tnlo the gran

llll(Wt\mu., .. ur1.1~c th.u dr,tHh 1n .l ,,,Her hou) nr tlw ltlltn\\,11~r ~' h 111 ' ' t.tlkd a Dlrtllh < nnrwunl

lr1111l'l\ ltllt \rt•.t (DC I\) I l r11hz~r m.lthCrtl'lllh

.apphl•d till lht''il' Slltf.lt l' h.l., rl'.llh ,ICCC 5 IO llllr \\,111'1

ll lHIItC'i thll'llgh IOitn Jt.llll'o fill~ l'o \\It\ II I ~~~ tmport.mt to kl'Cp krllltzt•r ull tlllpt'r' IUU'i "url.tu·s .mJ 10 rctntl\ ~ um th.ll ,.., sptlkd tlll tlll'm .111c.l Jt·pusll 11 h.lt k IIIlO tilt' f.lllc.hCllJlt.:

If u 111 • tt broadl. st prt•.ttkr, dclkctor 'h~t•ld~ .,lltlllld .tl\\ ,, s he ust c.l "hen uppl) 1ng lc:rult::t·r adJ.H:~nl Ill tlw l'

'ollf l.ll cs

FERTIGATION lemgnllllll 1s 1lw appht.IIIIHI ol hqu1d krult:zct thorough 1111g.ll1nn '} tl'lll' \\lute fl'tllg.llton '" nul

\\ldt•h (li.IC.llll'c.ltn ll.''ildt'llll.tllll t011llllt'lll,lll,l\\ II .tnd l.lmlst.tpt• t.lll', !olllllt' '"'lt'lll'i .lit.' ,1\,lll,lhk. l tll dlt'tll\l' nutrltnt ltl.lllolglnll'nt 1u ht• achtt'' t·d, ,, krttg.lllllll ">'It' Ill o;Jwuld he dt'slgncd, lll'ot,dkd, .tnd m.ll11t,ti1H'd h) •' llll,tltftl'J IHI~.lllllll '[lU.:I.Ih,l . l'wpt:r und lq~.d b.tckllo\\ pre' t n11o11 dt ''' t' '""'' lw U'>ed !\O th,ll fctllhzcr c.lnc not h.u.:k- tplllln IIllO tilt' w.tlt't .,upph \pph mtnamum qu.tnllliL' ol krultur Dtu· It• till' h.tzurc.l ol dtrrtt dcpo 111011 llll .,, rn·l'o, Jrl\ t'\\ ·'} ... , .tnd suit \\alks, und pott nllalmcr·.IJlph(atwll h) 1111 .tdJU'It'd

nrag.!110n S) !>lll11 I Dl I' tlo(s nc•l rt:comna·nd u .. ,. ''' lcrug.uttlfl lor h llilllll:tlll ... c unl,•ss tlu~ rnllll' \~tt'm 1s

unclcr ,111 11pt.'ruttttll a11d rn:tlllllllance contract'' uh n rt')lUtahk COilll.lCIOI \\Ito IS fUll) rt.: ()011 thll• llll ,Ill\

J>olluthlll due 10 WIJlH'J!CI opt r.uwn ol1lw krug.llttllt cqutpmt ttl "' tht• .t ... soctated ung.uwn "> "'l'lll •

FERTILIZING LANDSCAPE PLANTS

l lt·.trl) pl.mts grm' 111 tlw "tid wuhm11 .Ill} lnlp lr111ll It 11111.111., llo\\ l'\ ( 1, our mmh 1 n 111 h.111 l.md'>t ,, p~ " nnt I Itt• s:tllll' ns 1 ht• unc wht·rt· our n.IIIVt' pl.tnl' l \ oh nl. ~uhdt\ 1 tnn ftlltd \\tth .,llh.,llll" lotl'"l~ lUI do" n, ,nul dt 1111.1ge nwdllt~:.lllnn-s .tll~:omhtnc to nukt• .tn urh.111 l.mds •'Jl<'H \CI'} dllkrl nt t•nvaronnH·nt ln .tddlttnn, \\L'

h.l\c lt•uncd th.ll omc pl.tnl'o t("f>lliU.Itt• It rllhZl'l~ 111 "• \ that \\ t 111·1) t:lllhttkr dl•str.tbl, , 'uch u:. !.btl' I

gW\\Ih or 1111J11UHd appC:tt.l11lC. tilt' \,IIlli 11lthcsl Olll· COiliCS I suhjl'lll\t.: lot CX.Ut1pk, f,lSil'l gru\\th lll,l\ h1

(h lied Ill OllC lltCUIII loiiiCC hut lll:t\ lc:nl lllllll\\llllll'd

pnu11ng Ill nn•1tlh 1 lmptmtd appc.tramc 1 1111()1111111\1 to some and UllllllJXHI.mt 111 vthl·rs

I hu , the Ita •Ill fur luuhztng plant:. ,}llluld In to supph lllltrtt•nt to .tdllnl 11 dt•Atrl Jdnwd nh[t'tll\1, ~ud1 .1s 1 ht lollu\\ mg

• lllltl'U~tng shoot grm' th, flllll grt'\\ th , flti\H'rlllg, or lru111ng,

Department cl EnvtrO<omefiiQI Prolr I>Qn - IICM!oed DECEMBER 2008, 2ND PRINTING 2010 II

• I nh,uu:lllg luh,l~l' u1lor .md pl.1111 .tppt'ttr.mtl';

• < Oth'lltng or pre\l'llttng nutrlt nt dt·flucncto

rIll' TClOIIIlllt'lltlatlllll 10 tJm; S~C IIOil Jo IIlli pertain to produtt 1 nntntntng m<.cCIItHI hcrh1udcs, ur other pc IICtdc lly ),1\\ , ~~~~ h pr11dllct<i arc Cclll,IC.IcruJ pt· uudc . lm· hth upphuuor mu t he ~~~~ ns~d nnJ tlw lalwlllhlllllllnn must lw lolluv.ul (we Ch.tpttr t' llll pt·st lOilllllllm lllliiC IIII<1TIIloll11111 )

Important 1\ tlllllllll nd.ttl<lttS .111cl p111H 1plc .. lm ft'Jllltzlng l.mJ,, 1pc pl.mts ,Ill' u lt•ll1ms

• l'nw 111 lcrllhzmg, .1 1•1l .1111Vor loh.u I1111Tit'lll .111.1l)sl'> .. huuhllw llt,t•tl to tlth'llllllll' \\ lwtht·r olll\ lll'l'U CXl .. l'>

lur pho!>phurus krtlltZt'l

• Btlott ftttlhZing, p~siS lll,l\ nntlto he tuntwlkJ ,11\d/or !.Oil 11\0<hlll'tfto IIIIJIIU\ C 11UIII~ Ill upt;tkl' (lf pl.lllt I{ JXlll<iCS tu fcrllhzu

• Plmt v.11h p~ ts Cll oth(r prohlt rns th.11 cuuld mcrear;e to d.1magmg Jc\CI \\llh lt: rtdl:t.liiOII hould IJc rciiJhztd 011ly 111 (IHIJLIIICllc•n \lillh u u~.:atmcm progr.un \\ uhout u tH:llllliCIIt prugnun, lcrtthur 111.1~ ancrcase the '>l'\Cnt} ul the J.un.tge

• •II pi I lulllld he 11111 1dc:rcd v. hr.Jt clt•ctmg ~

kruhzc r

• I Jw .unount of fn11hzcr uppht·c.l hould bt' tlw nHnlmJI .unuunt Ill cdcd 111 u htc \l' 1 ht dd tncd (lhjt'Cli\'C

• lh'ml ,utd lullnw .Ill lah\ I111Sirlt( 111111' und .lfct\

ptl'l.l\lllllll'o

• llw I) fW$ .111d tlllt' ol I( llllt::t·r ~hnuld )}( !;prc.:tfanJ, .l!i\H'II ,,., the llllllllg, nwtl111d, ltntl lot all oil uf .1pphc.1·

1mn luv. -rcl«" .. t \' lcruhzt·r .uc often prdc.rnl I hgh ll'Hb of mtu>gcn fcruhzt r m.t) rcdlltt llmHnn~ m sornr. pl.mts

llhcd 111 till' lotio\\ 111~ '>11\taiiiiiiS

• II trl't'S .md .. hruhs .trl' rw\\ h pl.mtt·tl (thu~ J'"''hmg £(I II hZ.liiOil Utili I t.thhsJwd),

• II homl''''' ncr or c lttlll dt lit nwrt' or l.t .. tcr gul\\ th:

• II land~~·'PC lx-ds ha\t IX'cn lt.ldtul ol nutrtdll!t h\ llnoc.hng or m ~ nrngaunn ,

• llllt'cs.md lnuh .m· NO I tll'tll ltrllll:t•tltutlgr.to.<o;

• II t' 1 thlt .. hnl plums .Ut' l.lt ktng 111 folt.tgt· cohn 111

de"'"\ lm till' hnnwm\IH r ' m dn'llh' puqln~~

• II pl.tllh l'\lllblllllg lllllllllll ddltll'll{ll' .Ill' Ill

''I 11.11 Hlll'o \dll'll' I hn t llllltll he n·pJ,I( t'ti \\II h h llt'r· .td.lptnl Jlt'lll'-"

ltllth:tattnn 111.1\ :-..lO I lw h't[llllnlln the lnllt1\\ tng Stlll,lllllll '

• U lwmcm\nt r or, hcnt o1rr plt.t cd ''llh tht• .tppt\tr· anct ol 1hc1r l.mdS<'llpc pl:lnts;

• II plams, rc ( ~tahhslu d.

• If plitfll!; ,u{ lh"' cnng or lnuung, IOCl' l':\po urc: w lugh n11mgcu .11 tim Mage ma\ nnrx-dt• deH·lupnH nt ,

• I or th es, unleso; nutrt~ nt drllt:ll'llllt'!t t'"'' ·

If l.md C.IJh pl.mts r:\l11h11 lllllrlt'lll Jt•ll(lt'lll · '>\ mptunh, thr lllol) nut h\ .,ullnlto thl tit' dm· w sot! pll, '"'' dtun,tgt , soal s;~lto;, ltnutt·d Mtll 'olumt', trng.ttlllll w,\ll'l

qu.1l11 • 111 mtmr.tl ton It'll I 11! tlw scul ( on ... ~tl~ 1 rt•pl.u;tllg sud1 pl.1111s \\ 11h utltt·r-. .td,tptnlto till' .,Ill'S ttlndniuno;.

Gen rol Recommendations \\hen II lt.tS ht:CII dell lllltllld th,ll r( tllhzallull I~ Ill ll.''>

'31\, most cc;tahla hr.:d l.mdM.tpc pl.ant' -.1111ultl hl' krill· tZ1 d 11 rat wllhtn thl' r.mg~ hm' n 111 l.1hk h

lonchcopc plont n•trogen !crt I znhon role$

Level of Maintenance Amount of Nitrogen Fertilixer

pounds N/1000 it"l/yoor per 3' d•omet!lf plant/yr• Oz. •• Tablc~u··

SQ)IC 0-'2 0-3 0-6 ModercJIO 2-A 3- 6 6 - 12

High 4-6 6-9 12-18

• lyp<cal, onumai 1 .5% N 50% llow releo~. Approx 7 $CI It root zoo~ .. I lb N ralfl " abovt I .5 ot Of 3 Tobl<npoom per I 0 fr2 per oppltcolton

II flORIDA FRI NOt.Y BEST MANAGEMENf PRA E lor Prolechon of Worer Reaources by lho Gr~<~t~ lndu\lrl t

The P content of the fertilizer should be zero unless a soil or tissue test indicates a need for additional phosphorus. Historically, the ratio of N to K for landscape plants has been in the range of 1: 1 to 2: l. Since magnesium (Mg) deficiency occurs in certain landscape plants in many parts of the state, up to 2.5 pounds Mg/1000 ft2/year may be applied to address this problem. Micronutrients can be applied at specified rates and timing to achieve fertiliza­tion objectives.

In general, slow release fertilizers are horticulturally and environmentally preferable for landscape plantings. Water-soluble fertilizers should be applied at a rate of no more than 0.5 pounds N/1000 ft2 per application. The maximum application rates for controlled-release fertilizers depend on the percent that is water soluble and the release rates of the product. Never broadcast fertilizers on newly bedded plants. Apply the appropriate amounts to the individual plant within the area under the plant canopy, which usually indicates the major root area.

For additional information on landscape plants grown in soil, see IFAS Publication SL-141, IFAS Standardized Fertilization Recommendations for Environmental Horticulture Crops, at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/CNOll.

Palms Palms have different nutritional requirements than most other landscape plants. In Florida's rock, muck, and sandy soils, palms may be especially prone to K, Mg, Mn, Fe, and B deficiencies. If you suspect deficiencies in a palm tree, take a leaf to your Cooperative Extension Service agent for assistance. In general, fertilizers or sup­plements should be applied to supply N, P, K, and Mg at about an 8:2:12:4 ratio. TheN, K and Mg should be in a slow-release form. In addition, 1 to 2 percent Fe and Mn, and trace amounts of Zn, Cu, and B, may be needed.

For more information on palms and palm deficiencies, see Fertilization of Field-grown and Landscape Palms in Florida, http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/EP261 or Nutrient Deficiencies of Landscape and Field-grown Palms in Florida, http://edis. ifas. ufl.edu/EP273.

WHERE AND HOW TO FERTILIZE Fertilizer should be broadcast uniformly over the desired areas of the landscape. Root location, fertiliza­tion objectives, and plant species should be considered. Areas where tree or shrub fertilization zones overlap with lawn ft;rtilization zones should receive one, not two, fertilizations. Start with the lowest recom­mended rate and slowly increase to amount up to the maximum recommendation only if the plant requires it. Foliar applications, injections, or implants should only be used when the soil application of fertilizer is imprac­tical or ineffective in achieving fertilization objectives. When applying foliar fertilizer, the fertilizer solution

should be thoroughly sprayed to cover the affected foliage at the proper stage of growth to achieve objectives.

Make sure your fertilizer spreader is properly calibrated and on the correct setting to deliver the desired amount of fertilizer for the area being treated. This is discussed in more detail in the section on calibrating pesticide spreaders in the next chapter and in the publication below. For more information, see the following:

IFAS Publication How to Calibrate Your Fertilizer Spreader, IFAS Publication ENH 62, 2003. Available at: http://edis.ifas. ufl.edu!LH024.

IFAS Publication Fertilization Recommendations for Landscape Plants, G.W Knox, T. Broschat, and R.]. Black, IFAS Publication ENH 858, 2002. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/EP1l4.

FERTILIZER STORAGE AND LOADING If not handled properly, fertilizers can alter or degrade the environment. Nutrients such as N and P in fertilizers can lead to the excessive growth of algae and noxious plants in estuaries, lakes, and streams.

Mishandling of fertilizers containing nitrates may result in excessively high levels of nitrate in drinking-water supplies (greater than 10 parts per million [ppm) of NOyN). This has been linked to health problems such as blue baby syndrome (methemoglobinemia) in infants. Because the state's aquifers and surface waters are exten­sively interconnected, Florida requires all potentially potable ground water to meet drinking-water standards. For nitrate, federal and state regulations set the drink­ing-water standard at 10 ppm NOrN. Shallow wells (less than 50 feet in depth) and old wells with faulty casings are at the highest risk for nitrate contamination.

STORAGE Always store nitrate-based fertilizers separately from solvents, fuels, and pesticides, since nitrate fertilizers are oxidants and can accelerate a fire. Ideally, fertilizer should be stored in a concrete building with a metal or other flame-resistant roof.

Take care when storing fertilizer to prevent the contamination of nearby ground water and surface water. Always store fertilizer in an area that is protected from rainfall. Storing dry bulk materials on a concrete or asphalt pad may be acceptable if the pad is adequate­ly protected from rainfall and from water flowing across the pad. The secondary containment of stationary liquid fertilizer tanks is addressed in Florida Department of Environmental Protection Rules 62-761 and 62-762, Florida Administrative Code (F.A.C.). Even where not required, the use of secondary containment is sound practice.

Department of Environmental Protection - Revised DECEMBER 2008, 2ND PRINTING 201 0

ltl,ld frruhzc1 Into tpplt~.:.llloll ''llliiJlllh nt ,1\\,1} from wl'IJ., 1H urf.ttt' ".ucrhod1rs ,\ Ulllt rl'lt' ''r ;t-.phuh p.td '' 11h r.unl.tll prolt't.:IIOil IS llk.tl, ~s 11 pcnml" lhl· ca ) fi'CIIH'r\ o£ SJullctlm.llt'll,tl If tht IS not f~·.t"ithlc, ltl:tdtng !II r.llld!llll Jot.IIIOII Ill tht fh Jd tolll (liC\\'111 :\ hlnldup of

lllllfll'lll~ II\ IIIIC It) .lllllll lt'lllhZl'P• Ctllll.lll\11\.IIC<.I \\llh

JlC"illlldt:s 111.1> d.un.tgt pl.uus 111 g1 ncmtc haz.trdou:-. \\,lSit

C lt·.m up !optllrd k1ulu:n matcn.tl unmctlt.ttch ((llkctcu m.lll'rt.tliU:l) he applied"' a fcruhzcr \t ftXt·d 'oiiC<; , the Uf(',l C.lll ht• clcam•J h\ S\\l'l'(llllg or \,ICUUOliOg

{ot \\lth .1 hmr.lm luatkr. 1! 11 lmgc .;pdl}, or h\ ,,a.,h· mg dm\11 till' ln.uhng .lll'.llllol llllllollllllll'lll hao;Jil 'Jll'llf­

ll'.dlr dt•"gnnlto (llllllll tht IClll\l'l) ,1nd h?ll.,l' olthr ..... , .. h \\olll'l , w .... h \\,11(1 gtlll'l.llt'd 'illlluld lw llllkunl .llld .tppltnltutht• t.~rglt Ollfl Dr-.ch.ll~lng 1h1., \\a'.>h \\,\Ill Ill \\,ll\'lhtHitt•s , \\t(J,\1\d"i, 'ol\11111 dr,\lll'o, Ill SI.'Jllll

)Sit:ll1 IS IIJcg,d .

lo1 llllliC lllhltlll:.lllon , S( t' fir, I \11111•1!:' "'' nl l'rat IIU' }111

t\gr It lrrmu11ll lancllrr1~ ""'' I'" 111 I t(lllf'"'' 111 \lllllllt'lltlllt '·

puhh.,ht•d h tht.' flot1d,1 ll~·p.trllllCill o( \gncultur~ 111d < nn~LIIncr cr\lcc nncl the lltmda Dcp.utnH·nt uf I 1\\ tHllliiiCIIIltl l'loh:CliiJII \l.t\ I Q£rS

SOIL TESTING Although 11 lllU) not be nn c .,r.ntl.tl pr11lll c lor the cH·r) d.•) m.llllll"llUIICl' ,,f u h1 alth) lamlscnpc, h .. ung 111 dctcrmllll' the ml cht:IIIH ,at phtpertrt• hclore rn-;tallang turlgr,, .. ., or l.tndc; .rpc pl.ant"i b u rct ommcnckd pr.rt:lllC.

l hrt,ugh cultt'Sllng till IIIJII.tl so1l pll .111d P lc,cllan ht dl'll llllllll'd SorJ pff I<; IIIIJlO!IIIIl II\ drtl'llllllllllg

'' hr1 h tur fgr '"" 1 Ill''"' "d.tpll d 111 IIIII tal ""' condllwn., (b,lhl.lgl,('iS .lttd U:llliJ!l'tlt•gr,ts .. olll' IIlli \\dJ ntJ.sptcJ ltl

'oUII \\llh up! I glt',Jitl th,\11 70) ~lllll' Ill'> not C.l") Ill

rcdun· th1· pi I of sot I n11 ,, h~ttg It rm h,,.,,.,, \llll .,hnuld u.,,. ~1. ~\u~tt'itiiH'gr.l o;!> 1H ht rmud.agr.a ., on IHgh·pH .,o1ls

\h(t 111111111 sutltcsll ng, addrtH11r.lllcstlng m,1, unl} ht• rrtJIIIIt'd ''hen lt:ruht) prohlrm .u1sc und the H' poll'>C!>

lttltllrllz.llmn ttl: poor

orJ 11!51111& I till uppltt•d SCICIICC Ulld C'Jil he US(d ll'o OllC of thr tools 111 tlw marnlcn.IIHl' of lw,alth) turfgr:t sand

land ·'Jl<' I or tht• dfcUI\l' man.tgt:mcntolllutnent.,, urJ ICSIIIIg should he \1 cd Ill C01111111CIIOil Y.tlh "'"Ut.:

ll' ling (liJ It' I fC('(IIllttl( ndJIIOIIS UH' ha Cd tlO a ClHH'·

I.IIHlll bet\\CCn the lc\d oln gl\cn nutrtcnt c_"rnt.:tcd £rom thl ml .ulll d~t• .uaucrp.llt'd plant rt!>poml' Jlw .IIIHHtnl ol nutr1~ nt~ c.xtr.ll ted ll\ .1 p.ullcular l'\tntltant

1 onl\ nn mdcx rd.ttt\e Ill llop rt• pon l' h 1., not,, dllt'U 111\',I~IIIC tlf ,l(llllll pl,lllt lllltrtt'llt ,1\IUJ.ahlltl)

I lw ltH'I~ 111 1'\ll,tltcd P, K •• 111d ~1g .tn· tlrvtdt•cl trll'' fl\1' l\LIC).t!llll''o \ l'l} ltl\\ It I\\, llll'lillllll, ht~h, ,mJ \ t:r\' h1~h.

for mort wlorm.llton, set• \our CtlUIIt ( uopt ratl\c I ~ten ron cntu rrgcnt 01 II A l'uhltl.llton 1-181.

111/ Tt· 11ng amllll/(.tfllo/tllWII /til f lomlcr Tmf~''"" ~. 11

b.unJlcd1 .1r.1 •• uD.cdu/5S3U

I Ill' "II" lco;t ,mtJ 1~· 11lt111g ll'UIIIIIIll'lld,rt lllllS ollt' Old) ,l'i llfHt' l'llt,ltl\1 ,,, till' .llliJllt• II df 1 hl'ldtll\', II IS

tmp r.1IIH' th.ll tlw 01l .,,unplt· ht t.tkl'n .111d h.utdlnJ proper!\ I Itt• ... unpk c;hnuld hi.' oht.um·d hy tnkrng I') w lO smut! plugs 111 I,tmlom ll\ll t ht Cllltlt .u,,\ \\ hl'lt lnlor·

mauon 1 cJ,• m·J \' tml Ill) uttu 11.11 arcns 111 urt:~t'

'' rth u !>JlCCiltl 1d1 nul) 1ng

nppeur.mc~ Arcu \\ 11h rdcntlf) 111g chnructcrt 11c

hould he sampled cpa ratcl) I or turfgrn , llllC mo~t ol thl' roots arc 111

the cop 4 1m hes of 011, ltrmt th1· unpltng dq>th to -1 me lw I or l.111d '.tpc plunts, the ,amplmg depth should lw 1111 lllllll'

than h 111clw

Pl:tu• the plug., th.tt h,l\'t' hl·rn lullntrd nllo .1 f1gure 24 So1l Coro

II FlORIDA FRIENDlY BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES lor Proledlon ol Wol\.'1 Re-cs by the Goecn lndu~•to>

pl.1 trc Clllltarm·r, mrx them llwroughl), .md ... end .rppu,xrnl.ltch I pmt ul the nux~:J .unplc w llw I \II ll'>lllll Sud h•st•ng l..1hur.llm} (I 11) lt~r ~ Ia 1111~ rl .111.1h '>I'> S,•wr,tJ Cllll\llll'r\; loll J,lhlltolllllll.''i .1J...n oflt•r llw Sllllll' .,l·n ttl' 111 I lmtd., You ~lwuld 11'-t' thc s.rrn~· laho­r.unn 1111 .t tonununl b,,.,,., to l'.,t,,hh .. h a hr-.tortcaiJ,,g 11l )i..llH '-lid propCIIIC'i l,.ab(lfolllllll.: ,lllll"'> the Slillt do nut uw the s.tmt• cxtr~H:tant, u 11 \ ou t hangc lab olllll \ uu m.l\ he t:•lllliMrrng '""uh obt.uncd ll\ Jtllcr('nt llh:thlld'i .

\ sur I .tn.ths•s supplrcs :t "enlth ol llllt•rm.tllnn on the nutrttwn.ll tnt us ol a <;orland e.rr1 deled p(ll( uual p11)hlcmo:; th.u lun11 pl.mt gr<l\\ th rouun~ -.orl.mah sr !.llpplres mlor rn.III(IO 1111 1111 flll .uulthc c'\lrnt tahlc I~ K, l .t, .111d ~lg r,t,\lliS ul till '>otl I ht I S II curr~·11tl)· \IO,l'o, 1\.lehlrt h-1 ,IS 1111 C\lt,llt.llll 011 ,d(thC ollldll uuncr.tl ... 1111 111 the .. ratl' .md \f\.1) I I'\ ( \mmnmum llrt.rrh(ln,\lc ll ll'r\) cxtrutllmt on oll \\llh pll abtl\C 7 \ (c.tlt:.thnu oil )

lin• II AS I \l rgl.tdcs I xtcth)l)fl Sml I thnt.IIOt) Ullrrndy uw ,tu•ttl IH 1d tu c•dt.llt 111\lrtl'nt' lrom .dl utg.tnlt.' .,1111 1 ht'll'lorr, tht! 1.!\ll,ltt.lllt .. .1ft' caltbr.ltt'd 10 tlrffcr~ Ill sml I) pes I ht• C CXIT.II .. IlOII Jllll(l'dlllt:'i lllll'il be. ccrt.umd ''hen appr<Mchtng .Ill) lahoratol) lor u sr11l unal) "' 1 he routrm an. I) r mdmles a ltrnc H'tttnrcnlt'nt dctcrrni!Mtton rf the ml pi I ,.., hclo" I> 0 N '" 11111 dt'ltlltllllld , lwc.tu .. c: 111 11111:.1 !.llll., It ts hr~hl) 111ubtl~' untl liS ""d llltuo, \,lfll'!. gt• .ttl} \\ 11h r.unl.lll 111d trrtg.liHlll n r.nt~

l.thll' 7 JUl t nls Inter prt:l.ltiC.lll rangt:' lor uti It 1 lc:' cis ul I~ K, \ lg, ~In Zn, and Cu I or dctmkd cxpla n.ltiiiiiS ol sotl It sts umllllh'f(Hd It hill , cl! If \ ruhltc.lllllll I - I R I ' """ Tnllllg Whlllllt I I'll I tit IIIII for Ilu11dt1 fur/gld\\t'\,,11 hup.!kdt.,.t(t!S,Ltll.cdu!S>31 Z

:o-:otc that lht:IC I 1111 IOlt'tprCIUIIOll m:ult• lor StHI tc I Ca or le Nomtcrpti.!llllron 1 mucic for MchiHh- 1 l' lt,ICt,lhle C I ii.'HI!; hcl'a\1 C the t'XIrUCIUill J1 'iOIH'S C 11 cumpounds, '' l11dt lll.l} not lw rc.tdtl) pl.mt .nntl­.1hk 1 htt , the olllllHII11 of pl,tnt-.1\,ltf,lhlt• Ccl l'olll ht• l'lllllll'llll .. l) llllt'tplclt'd In IIIII I lol c .. , ( u lc\l'b olll'

adcqu.llt' lor lurlgr.ts:. grtl\\ th hnuu.,t· I l111td.t uti :lH'

111hcrrnth h1gh 111 Cu, h,l\,. ht ltlt} ol < u lt•tllltutllllll, 11r t~u't\l' < 1 rt•gul,llh tht,,ugh lrrtg.llton \\lth ht).:h C ,, \\,111.'1 1111' .,,,tlll'o.;t lcullo1 \h'hlu h-1 t'Xtt.H't,thh ( ,1 I'>

uo,ul onh tu dctt'1111tlll' tht• L\jH nllmw-.totll' tll'l'th d '' lwn l1t1H' a .. rCllllllllll'llth'd lot 11\11!>1 "'"I" nnd tual ­gr.t<; , , lun111g 10 l n-.ur, .111 .u.lt•qu.llt' sotl pi I 'n:.urt·.s mOh'· than-.I(Jc'luatc < .r Ht•o;t·.uch ha ... -.lum 11 1111 turl -~'·' II' pmht II• added ( 1, lto111 t'IIIH't h111111g tn.llt'll· .tiS Ot g\ Jl'-lllll , \\~~~II t hi' ~Jt·hJH h-1 I.'Xlf,\ll.lhlt• C1 k\t•l 1' .1hll\ c l''H1 ppm

I he I II dov• not an.dp:c lor l'\ll,tct:thll· ll' hc,,tu.,l' ddintll\C tntcrpu:tatron d.ll 1 .nr ltdang lgmlt('ant correlation of ml test I c lc\ cl \\ 11h plant II'" Ill' ll'\ rJ., as .d .. o lackrng I Ill' tc.,ttng prou!tlurc tend 111 pwdlllC lughl\ \.lft.thlc r,•-.uiL~ \Jo.,t ... ul-. , ntlpt thn<ot' h,t\111~ .1 pi I gtttlll'l th.tn 7.ll, gl'lll't,lll'llllll,lll\ .tdl'lfll•ll l' lnt• lo, ol I ~ fm npumum gnm th hlllgtus~t·., gr•m 11 uu t'lls "11h pll grc.ucr th 111 ll 'i , xlulnt .1 grt·cntug 11 punst' "' I c applied "'a lolun pra l nrllrtU11.tld rc.trphll\tlllll mn\ be rl'qurred on a frt:tfiiCIII h.a '" 10 .. u~t.lln th~ de lied tlllllf

t 01 mor, mltum.ttton 1111 fl'lltltztng l.llld:.t .qw pl.mh, 'l'C 11 ,\S puhltloiiHlll Sl -I II , ~lmliltlltit~l'<ll, 1 ltlltcllltlll

n .. t(lllllllCIIUIIIIOII~ /Ill Ill\ llf!llllltllllll H(llllt lilt II II CtciJI\,

at bup.//<:dtsJfus.uO.edu/CNOll

TISSUE TESTING lk~.tll c oltlll' mnhtht\ nl llln.,t l''-'iCIItt.tllllllttl'lll I<H l.md totpc pl.tnl and lutlgr.tss gum th 111 lln11du o;ull'\, om ol llw h t 111drtatms ol .tppwprt:th lcrttltz..llllll1 and plant he.tlth '" 11 m 111.11) IS Su!Ct' tutlgt~ss rs a pcrcun1.1l crop, hl'itorteallog of us lll' ompo """' l:clll

he U ed Ill lllll' · IUill' ,\ tulfgra'i~ ro.:rttlt:jthlll ptogr.llll lor optrmum pl.mt ~ttl\\th .tnd tntntlnum, II\ lltllllllt'nlltl llilJloiCI lt•.d ,\ll.lh'sh, .tlong \\llh .lpJll'.llolllll' ,11111 'olltl olll:lh ... ts, an Ill' u ... nt "' dtotgtlllS tht• pwhtrm ... md tilt' clfc<:IIH 111 s nf n krtrll%.111011 program, l'!t(Wlt,tlh f01 nllCHllllllfll'lll dcfltllllt.:ll' '-orl nn.tl) I' Jur olll\C lllllrt ·

rr11~. hctausc 11 a.. u -.nap~hot of""·" t!; prt·~~·nt at the llntt' ol .unphng. dll not .tl\\11)" tl1dll.llt' tlwu ,,,,ul ­.thtlll\ to pl.lllt I'Oil'lllt,d 11\llllt'llt lldtUl'IH ll' lolll ht• Ut'h.'ltl'd \\llh k.d ,111,1h''' lwltHI! \l..,ll.tl-.~tnptoms

To Suggested rongcs 101' Mchltch 1 extroctahl so I nufnenllcYds lor Flortdo rvrfQrancs

Macronutrients' I Micronutrients••

p I K I Mg I Mn I z., I Cu

Par t~ per mollooro (pPm)

16-30 I 36 60 I 20-30 I 3-9 I 0.5-3 I 0 1-o .s

Oeportmeno ol Em ronmenlol ProloCtG~ - l!..,,wj OE<EMSER 2008, 2ND PR NliNG 2010 II

.1ppc.u I ~.•I ,tn.ll)~l~ 111.1\' prm·ttlt• tnfurrn.HIIlll un 1ntlunJ d( h<lcnctcs and llllt>rcnl cs un pl.1nt upt.tkt•

< hpp111gs c.111 he c.:ullcctt•d dunng H:gul.•r mtm 111g pr.t<.:IH C'> for II <;UC an,tJ ' 15 Jt IS C St'l\11.11 that thl' chpp111gs nrc lu col and unl fcruh:er u>nt.Hnmauon Du nut h.tr\CSI chppmgs unrnctlmtcly altn lcruh:atwn , top-drt mg. or dll)' other cultur.tl IHaCIICl 1h.11 rl·~ull'o

Ill •g111IH .tnt mo\H't p11 kup l'lalC ·•PPW'Jmatd o h.111dlulol \H'II 11\IXtd lhppu•g' 111 ,, Jl.l(lCI h.tg 011 nol

pl.ltt' llw dtpputg 111 a pl.to;llt h.tg IWlllll'>~ the c.:hp­pmgs "'•') hcgm lttnllnllng pnor 111 dl\ Ill~

Jl(,u.:Jilllt' t'XISI .11 )IIIII lm:.lllllll, dr\' til\' lnJk(ll'O dtp·

pu1g" .11 •'JlJlrP"Ill..tlt'h 7U"t ( 15H01) lor 2.4 hnuro.; anti '"''" m,ul tlur11 ro yo111 (,1\orl!t ,ln.ll)llt.lll.lhmaton lm unulyo;1s ll vou do not h.IH' dr) lauhuco; , shtp thctl\, ptdl·mhl) 11\'l'llltglu , to the .11\.tl) lll.lll.tlmr.uury [HI\

tl pl.ll.: l'd Ill II p.I(H! I lug, II I he sample IS .dltm n.J IO sll fnr IIIIHt' th 111 ,, 1 ouple ol d.l)S tin• IIS'>llt' "111 ht·gm 10

kiiiHIII .Utd tht \.tluc oltlll .1111plf ror ,m,ll)tll.:.ll (lUI·

po cs ,,,jl he (p.-.t

Turrgr ·'"s lapp111gs that h,,, c hct'll recent!) pr ·'> cd '' 11h 11111 wnulllt' l1to; lor lungtctJ.al or nutrllaonal purpo cs should 110t ht u cd lor 1111Crot1utnc11t anul) '" \\':l'>htng lt'tcnth \Ill ptaHd clappangs 10 rcnlo"c uti and du.-.t p.uuclc 15 rcu•mmc11dnl prtor to cmla11g thr ':unpll' 111 the luh lor lllltl) 1 II )OU ''" hom· collccuon 11(

t ltpptngs ,mtlnul all , the nutlltwn.t11m.tl) c: 11111\ not lw tomp.u.thlt- lwtause the conu ntrnuon ul '>111111' nutrt · 'nh tn 11 uc. Ill h .ts K, 1 h•ghl} mobalc .tnd .1 p11a11nn of till' K 111.1 lw n·mnHd du11ng "•' hmg Un\\,l'>hnl ,unplc 1111) uppt·.ta to h lH' ,1 mudt h1ghcr c:onccntr.• ­

llllll th.111 tla w.1~hnl <>.unph s uml) ma m.t\ u .. pcu n defiCit' lit:)' 111 thr \\,lshcd nmph-o; "la·n 111 l.tc:l Ill\ atle­qu.lll' o;uppl) ul 1\ n;hls

J'l'Cit' do not '.If) nntt:h anwng tht• varwu.,

"PniC, CXlCpl l111 ::0.: lht• ~ufhtH'Ill ll'>.,llC N llllltl'l1

tr.llaon c.lll '·">'hom .1 ltm of I '5 pcrtt•nt lm Ct'll· 11pcdcgr.1~S tit h.aha.agt.IS'> In·' ha~h t1£ \.5 pctlt nt an coni ot<oort, oH·r n dt•tl r l'S'·'~' l .thk 8 I''" the """' CICI\l \ J, nge fill II'>SliC I" Ullltl'tllf:tlhtl1 for tht \ ,lrhlliS

turlgaa C511'•ed 111l.mns In nm'il Ll'>t's,us .. ut• N ulll·

Ct'l1tr.atllllls lwlo\\ the mtmmumol tlw rangt• \\maid lw JdtCit' OI uml.thi)\C the rnngc \\IIUid Jw l'XU'SSI\l'

The con l'llll.atlon ol other m.H ro .and mauonutracnts tn the II SUt dtl IIIII \olr} gtl.ttl\ l\11\llllg till' \llfhlli S

spc< tlS lllturlgr.as~t·s llw sulhtll'lll' t.mgcs 111 l.1hk 9 Rh' •'PJlltlahlc 111 11111 1 ol I lolltht rutlgrao;s 'Jll'lll'" \II t11 tlw t' \,aim llll' on a dl\ \\~tght hao;l't

I ht·~c ,,IIUt~ ap~t·~t·nt tht rungt ll\1'1 \\hach .a p.uw 11

l.tt m11att nt nught '·'f) .tc.:ro!>!t till' \.ltllltts spct ll" ol rurfgt.l''''s IIH ~ ll'Jlll'Sl' f11 ... ulfi<H'IH' nulgt·~. \\h1d1 sugg • ts th.u lnrl s lwhm the r.111gc m.t\ nnbt.lll' ,, dl'll · c•~m' 01 ,thnH' till' lllllgt• 111.1) I!'JliiSl'l\lt''U''>SI\' l' fl't · llhZIII Hill or lllXIlll\

I ht -.ulhcacnc\ 1 angl s Ill 1111 IUhlc·., shm\ lht lliU'I

t UITCIII llllt'rprrt.llllll\ lor IIUIIItlll Cllll(t'lltrilti(IIIS Ill

uulgr.lss 11 sue 1r .11111l) ural It .-.t results ar• 111 the dchCici\C\ r. ngl or belli\\ thr. sulfancnt) rungt' , ,11\

11\CIC,I C Ill fcriiiiZ,tllllll (or lltal lllllllllll IS rt('OIII

mcnd<d \ltCIIlllti\CI) Ill I It u!h ldll .aht~\t' tht: uffiCICIIC\ range, the rcrtaltzatJOil progr,lln ,Jwuld he

ad111 ted do\\ 11\\.trcl II n 1 h.angl 111 lcnalaz.llaon 1

1ndacutut. tht• ndlll'>lmcnl huuld he tt .. tsonahk I ht Intent 15 Ill hml aht Oil'«.':< I llUirlt'nl man.tgt tnl.'lll It-HI thlll lllUIIIIAIII~ turfgtass II Slit' 1\Uirlt'lll UlnlCI\(1,1111111

\\llhm tht t1JlllnHam r.1ngt, hut dtlt not le.ultn 11\l'l ·

ln11lt::n11on .md P'" a hit tHh ct.,t' Ul\ aronm~ 111al nnd ~{01\111\111 lt''-lllt

SUMMARY ll' lllhzntaon l!-t IIIII' ultlh It'\ m.tn.tgram 111 pa.lltau·.., 111

l'>t.lhlashtng und m,ltnl.tlnlng hl.'.tlth\, lit 11\CI) gw" ang tutlgt.ts 1 ht <k Ill'~ ol the and1\ at.lu.al 1.1\\11 "" IH't 111

turlga.l'iS m.H1.tg1r oh1 n d~tllllt' rlw lrHI fll ft allhl\

mun.tgtmenl Dut w ern ttllllllll'nt,tlllllll t·rns, stlllH'

lob 8 SuffiCiency ranges of hswc N cooc.cntrohoo lor .doctcd \own lul'lgroues

St. Augu1hno Zoy\io Bermuda Cenhpede Bohio I Rye

N('l.) 2,0 3.0 20 3.0 2.5 3.5 1 5 2 s 1 5 2 5 I 3.5 5.5

1 blc 9 SuH•~•nru:y coru:cnlrohon range) for selected macro ond mtcronutru:nh m lvrfgrou ltuuo

p I K I co I Mg Fo I Cu I Mil l Zn

Pcr<enl (..,) ppm

o 15 . o so 1 1 oo 3 oo 1 o 5 1 o l o.20 o so so 2SO I 5 30 I 25 100 I 20 2

. ~

llunk thnt Jc.., krttltzatuH1 1-. ·""·' 'hc-.t, hut rc,c.mh .,111'"' that lc\\CI lllltrtcnls au• lo.,l lrom tlw o.,url.lCe or I( .tdH•d 1 hrough ,, ht ,,It h), '' r.ll-m.un t~uncd turl~rn-., 1h.111 .111 unht.thh). p.u .. cl) esrahh-.hcd wrfgra ....

I he tmportnncc ul proper lrng,ttuHt dunng fauh::auon ..:.lllnot he mc~tmph.t t:t:cl I XlcSsl\t: trngathHl aha rcrula:.uron 111.1 cuuo;c lt:.u:hrng or runoll, .md a l,tck of

unguuon 111,1\ lt'!>lllt Ill \Ul,lllllz.lllllll ,IJ1J mdltUn11 UM' ol lcrtt ltZl'r

Due Ill till' prt \,tlcnn ,,f !>lll'l'IS, dn\t'\\ 1\) , .111d otht• r tmpel\ u•us art a .. , 11 IS HT\ tmport,ml to en un· nn lrrlll­IZ{ r tr<' lt•h "hcrt tht• t:.tn run olltnto sh>rlll\\,llu >""· It 111' or \\llh!r hodtt' Dcllnwr o;htdd c;h,,uld .tlwap> ht• u l'd nc~r boundartcs "11h \\,tier t>r unpc" ttliiS .ITt'.b

BMPS FOR TU FGRASS AND tAN SCAP ERT ZAT ON

• Do not fcrllho ,1 a heavy rainfall •s expected, especially tropical or frontal woothf'!r systems

• Avotd both leach1ng and surface runoff. tv\atch the product to the situation Remember thor oil fert1hzers, even slow rdeoso products, contain nutrients and con cause pollution tf allowed to escape the root zono

• Correct other deficiencies f~r~t Be owore of the effoc:ts M>ll pH, shodo, overwatcring, 01 othm stresses may hove on the plcmt~ Be sure fcrltltzcr i~ the correct re~pome to the problem

• Remember thot mto cmd hmmg of N fertilization depends on the turfgrau spoc•es, soo~on of the year, level of moinlcnonce desired sourc.o of N applied and locohon in the stotc

• l1m1t wot r soluble (qukk relcaw) N1trogen appl.cotions to 0 5 lb / 1000 ft2 Ttus includes the water soluble port of slow reloow blend~ L.imtl total N to I lb /1000h2 per tho Urban Turf Rulo

• P oppl1co11on should be ltm1tcd to sotls that requ~rc odd,tional P based on so1l or tinue tasllng

• Um11 N and P I rhl.zahon at estob!.shment to one time 30 day~ aft r r.cedmg/ M>ddmg Do not odd Nor P before mstolla lion, but amend tho so1l as needed with ltme or orgon1c matter

• Always leave a Rmo of Responstb1ltty ncar water bocJ,es or rmpervtous surfaces Always us deflector sh1elds on broodca~t or rotary spread rs when opplymg fcrt,lrzer ncar water or s1dcwalks, dnvewoys and str Is

• Sweep uny fcrhl1z0r left on 1mpervtous areas bock into the vegetated areo

• Become prof1c1ent In raodmg and undtmtonding the ferhlizer label

• Know tho exact r.quore footage of the area where ferlllizcr t~ bomg appl•ed and moko sure tho spraodor/applicahon equ1p mont is properly col1brotud and set to dcl1vcr the correct amount of fcrlll1zer to thai area

• Become knawlcdgooble m so1l sampling procedur~ and soil test int rprctation

• When forllltztng (othor than when watering resh ictions apply), 1m gate w1th 1/ A mch of water follow~ng ferlll1zohon to avoid tho lon of mtrog nand mcrcosc uptake eff1ciency If water rcstnchons apply, you may trngot~ as you ore allowed, but more then I /2 tnc.h may COU$C some nttrogen to be leached post the root zone

• Uw Fe and/or Mn 1nsteod of N to enhance turfgrass color on wtls hovrng a pH greater then 7 0, C$flCC1ally durmg limes ol cnhonc.cd rotnfall

• Mointom o healthy ocllvcly growtng turfgrass to mmtm1ze the env1ronmcntol1mpoc.t of fcrt1her and peshcrde oppl.c:ohon, erosion, and stormwoter runoff

• Thoro IS no S1gn1ltcant d,ffcrencc between liquid or dry oppl1cohons of s1mtlor products In t rms of BMPs for enwonmentol prolilCIIon, tho proper oppfrcation of Fcrtrlizer is more tmportonlthon the type of product

Dcparlmflnl ol Envoroornontol Pr01oc110n- R!Ml>'!d DECEMBER 2008, 2ND PRINTING 20t0 II

I I I I ,. '. ' I .

; Chapter 6: P~st Contro' . i LEGAL ISSUES

DEFINITIONS A pest i.s anything that competes with humans, domestic animals, or desirable plants for food or water; injures humans, animals, desirable plants, structures, or posses­sions; spreads disease to humans, domestic animals, wildlife, or desirable plants; or annoys humans or domestic animals.

Types of pests include the following:

• Arthropods such as insects and arachnids;

• Microbial organisms such as bacteria, fungi., viruses, and Mycoplasma;

• Weeds, which are plants growing in an area where they are not wanted;

• Nematodes;

• Mollusks such as snails and slugs; and

• Vertebrate pests.

Under Florida law (Chapter 482 Florida Statutes), integrated pest management (IPM) is defined as the following:

... the selectiqn, integration, and implementation of mulriple pest control techniques based on pre­dictable economic, ecological, and sociological con­sequences, mahing maximum use of naturally occuning pest controls, such as weathe~; disease agents, and parasitoids, using various biological, physical, chemical, and habitat modification meth­ods of control, and using artificial controls only as required to heep particular pests from surpassing intolerable population levels predetermined from an accurate assessment of the pest damage potential and the ecological, sociological, and economic cost of other control measures.

LICENSING REQUIREMENTS FOR PESTICIDE USE IN LAWN AND LANDSCAPE MAINTENANCE Not only should pesticides be used carefully, existing laws regarding pesticide applications and licensing requirements for conducting a business should also be complied with. There are three categories of licenses, (local occupational license, limited certification for com­mercial landscape maintenance license, or a pest control business license and a certified operators certificate) that could apply to persons who practice landscape maintenance as a business.

'I

In most cases, if a person or company is providing services that only include mowing, edging, landscaping, and fertilizing, only a county or municipal occupational license is needed. (This does not apply to "weed and feed" or "insect control" applications.)

• If a person or company also applies any herbicide (even a granular product of a pesticide coated onto fertilizer), fun­gicide, or insecticide, to residential lawns or plant beds, a license for pesticide application is required from the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (FDACS) Bureau of Entomology and Pest Control. Failure to obtain a license can result in fines up to $5,000. This includes the application of "weed and feed" or "insect control" pesticide/fertilizer mixtures to lawns.

• If the only pesticides applied by a person or business are herbicides and "caution"-labeled insecticides applied to plant beds or along the edges of pavement, then a limited certification for commercial landscape maintenance license is needed from the Bureau of Entomology and Pest Control. For this category, each applicator must have a license. This does NOT allow the application of pesti­cides to turf or the use of insecticides labeled "Warning" or "Danger," or the application of "weed and feed" or "insect control" pesticide/fertilizer mixtures to lawns.

o If any application of any pesticide is made to a lawn as part of a service provided by a person or business, then a pest control business license and a certified operators certificate are needed from the Bureau of Entomology and Pest Control. This includes the application of "weed and feed" or "insect control" pesticide/fertilizer mixtures to lawns.

• Government employees and private business employees who are applicators also need a pesticide license to make any applications to lawns or ornamental plants. This includes the application of "weed and feed" or "insect control" pesticide/fertilizer mixtures to lawns.

• Information on how to obtain these licenses can be obtained from FDACS Bureau of Entomology and Pest Control at (850) 617-7997 or at http://www.flaes.org/ aes-ent/.

• Applications of restricted use pesticides made to parks, cemeteries, and golf courses require a license obtained through FDACS Bureau of Compliance Monitoring at (850) 488-3314 or at http://www.flaes. orglcomplimoni.toringli.ndex.html.

PESTICIDE RECORD KEEPING Proper records of all pesticide applications should be kept according to state or federal requirements. These records

FLORIDA FRIENDLY BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES for Protection of Water Resources by the Green Industries

I

r r

lwlp h) t' t.thlt ... h f'hllll nl pr<l(ll'l u c. l.tnlll.lll' llw Ctllll·

p.111 1111 ,,( rcsull ol dtllcr~ 111 uppllc.uwn ... or lmu the c.1u ('of .tn 11 ror l~cuml" th.ll prtl\ tdc till., mlnrrll.llllm 111.1\ tmludt• I he fnlhm ntg

• I he dJIC ,md 11rnc: of upph • thln,

• I utgct (lC!.I ,

• Pt• llutlr. ll'>ttl (tr.tdt ll.lllll , .tlll\1' rng1nlwnt , .mlllltnl

ol hulllul.!llllll, tnwunt 11! \\,lll't ),

• \dj\1\,tllt/ ud.lct,llll ,tmf .111111UIIt .tpplll'U, If ll.,l'IJ ,

• I Itt• .llt',l lfl'.llnl (,1rr.:s 111 qu.u~ kct) .md luc.lllllll ,

• \ppltc tiHin cqutpmr:111,

• \tld111onal nnmrks uch ,, the CHfll) tlf the mft-.;1.1

twn 111 ltlc 1.1gc of the p t ,lllld

• I olh•'' -up to dtc k the: dft·c ll\l!nr:~ olthc .tpphcmwn

< 1 r t.un ptslt uh s .111 cl.1 tft~:d ,,s rcstn tnlus~: pt II · Cldt ( I{ l's) \ cr\ It'' pc ttudt 111 tins catt•gnf) ,H, HJll·

ttlll'l) II t•tltll tllrfii1UIIIIt'I1Uil\ l', hut d \ll\1 h.IJlJll'lllllll~l'

IIIII' oltht•tu, n·rt.llll ll'liiHI·kt•qHng rcqum·mt•nt., .1pph

llw I lorul.l jll'.,ttctdt• l.m ll'IJIIIfl'" u tiiiH u .tpph ,&!Ills"'

knp I!Ultd..,nl dllt'<,!lttll'd \l'it' pc.,llndt•s lo mr:t'l \our hg.d ''"llllll'>tlllht :md 111 dot\lltll'lll \oUr trcJtllll'llt

llll'lhod , ll\1 llll'd 10 111.11111,1111 .lt:lllt.lll' (ll'"llcHk fl'Ulld'i

I lnrul.1 rcgul.lllttn:> rr:tjiii!C 1h.11 mlmnl.llhlll ''" Rll'-. hl llCilfllcd \\llhtnl \\•Hk111g d.l) of the npplt .Uhlll :mtl

m.llnt.llllnllur 2 r.11 .. hom tlw .tppltl.lllllll d.llt' l nlt r.tl \\Orl,tl pttllt'CIIllll ,t,ll\lJ,uJ~ {\\ f>S ) lllll\ .tppJ) Ill fll'~ll · t~dt• .1pphl.lllllll' m.ldt• ll\ ptodtl\.l'~ of .tgw:ultm.tl pt••d

lllb .1nd dn not ulft ct Grtt·n lndu-.tn pr'"' tdt• .lppht.llnr

' 0 I I llnud.t 1,1\\ fl4uur' Rt I' rnmtl kH'JHng "' r I D \( llurr.na ol I ntomnlt)~\ .1nd 1\· .. 1 <. ' '""''' r•'gul.l· 1101\S lor Jll' tht mt till' r.·gul.lllun In :uldnwn, rnmd

ktcp1ng I rcquut·d tt• compl) "11h tlw lcun.al ""P' rluml llltrtdllllrtls. nd lh.nllhnnz.lllon At.l (s \R \ , fllk Ill ),

\\ Juch C••llt 11115 t llh'lgCIIl\ pl.11111111g &llld lllll11111111ll\

nght · tn·kiW\\ lrgt 1.1111111

INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT I ht• plulosl'flh\ c•l I PM \\,a:, dl h ltlJlt'tl 111 tlw Jl.)'il)s

ht•t,l\1'1 tlllllll(l IllS tl\l"l Ill\ Tl'.t,r:d J1l' lllldl' ll"l', 1 '" lltll\lllt'lll,tlull\1,1111111,\llllll , .md tin drnlopnH'nt ol peslltltk r ,. ,.,l,llllt' I Itt• nhtl'tl r' ,., of l rt..t tnlludt• rnhltlllg JW:o.t m.III.ISI'IIltnl t':\jltnw,, ltll\.,ll' tng l'lll'tg).

.tnd lt'duung th~: nsk ul '''l""'lllt' "' prnpk, ·"""'·'"-··

.tnd the rll\IHHllllt'lll Its 111.111\ gtl.tl, hcmn r:r. b to reduct pt sllctdt' 11 ' ll\ u.:;tng .t lnlllhlll.tlHlll ult.&lllt:s IP

tOI\11111 p• t , mtludtng ndtur.tl, htolngll.ll , gt'lltlll, ,1nd

dtellll ··' (tllllllll

Till' t uh ur.tl t tllliJHHll nt ~:Othhl5 t,f tht Jlrtlpn s•·kcllllll,

tstablt hmr.m , n11d malntr.n.mc-c { .. ut h ,,., ""'" 111g/pt un tng, fcrultz.IIIOII und ung.uaon) ollttrl .md l.mdS<ap• plants Kct>pmg l.m 115 .mJ land'l•lPCS hcnhh\ rl'du cs till II ll t:pllhtltt) 10 dt lobl'-., llCIII.IIOdl'"• 111111 111'1 Cl ,

tht:rth) rt•dutlllg tht nnd IM dl\1111 .lltH.IIIIhllt l11th' , "1c• lltdu tn, unlonult.lt,·h, m.lll) ,,r tlw ,ultul.tl

Cl'IIIJlOIIl nts ,,1 IP:\.1 .lit' 11111 und~ r tht Cllllllllll1111n

p1:;1llldl .rppht.llltlll p~ttlt•so;llm.tl II IS t 'l"llll.tl th.ll t:ll tllll1t't he m,tdl ·"''"' of lhl'n rt po11'i1htlrt l11r <Uitur.llf.lltlll.,, \\IWihl'l Ill dotng tlll'll ll\\11 Willi< Ill Ill

'llrtllllg tjll:tltlll'd ptolk:-.-.llllllb ftll thud·p.llt) ,ttll\ lilt'S 'lll h l'i II rtg.lllllll .111d 11\tl\\ 111g.

I ht hHll llS!, It .tl tnmpu m nt 111\llh n. tlw rd,.,,.,, .. md/m ll'll'll'·""lltol lllllll.tluHnHrs ( .. mh ,1., p.u.l-.rll'" • ru,·d.ltlll , .uul p.llllll~l'lls) .llld otlwr ht·ll~ htt.llmg.m· I IllS ( uch U$ fHIIIIIIJttliS) ~.IIlii tl 1 1\tlllll'' (tlltludtll~

Flonda I(Jw rcqurrcs that you record the followmg ttCm$ to comply wtth tho rc1tnctcd u~c pes1icido record keeping roquircmcnt

• Brand or product name • Month/doy/ycor/hm of opplrcolton

• U S Envtronmcntol Protcct•on Agency rC9"1rolion number

• Toto! amount applied

• locohon of appl.cohon s11'

• su~c of arco lrC!Cltcd

• Crop/voncty/tmocl ~•le

• Nom and ltcen~c number of opplrcotor (tf oppltcotor 1$ not ltccmcd record ht$ or her nome and supcrvi$0r's nome and l1ccme number)

• M thod of Clppltcolton

• Name of person outhonzmg the oppl•callon, 1f 1ho l1cen~ed oppl•cator doe~ not awn o r leo~~ the property

~JOrlmcnl ol £nvlfOMlCf1tLJI PrCil 1100 - R""1wd D£C(M8[R 2008, 2ND PruNTtNG 2010 II

ladybird beetles, green lacewings, and mantids) may be purchased and released near pest infestations. However, the landscape can also be modified to attract natural ene­mies, provide habitat for them, and protect them from pesticide applications. For example, flowering plants may provide parasitoids with nectar, or sucking insects (aphids, mealybugs, or soft scales) may provide a honey­dew source when growing on less-valuable plants.

The genetic component relies on the breeding or genetic engineering of turfgrasses and landscape plants that are resistant to key pests. Such resistance could increase a plant's tolerance to damage and weaken or kill the pests. Pests may also develop more slowly on partially resistant plants, thereby increasing their susceptibility to natural enemies or "softer" pesticides. Selecting resistant cultivars or plant species when designing a landscape is a very important part of IPM. Although turfgrass and landscape managers often work with established plant material, they can still recommend changes. Every opportunity should be taken to educate builders, developers, landscape archi­tects, sod producers, and others on which plants are best suited to their areas.

Chemical controls include a wide assortment of conven­tional, broad-spectrum pesticides and more selective, newer chemicals, such as microbial insecticides and insect growth regulators. IPM is not antipesticide, but it does promote the use of the least-toxic and most selective alternatives when chemicals are necessary. Pesticides are only one weapon against pests and should be used responsibly and in combination with other, less-toxic control tactics.

To determine which pesticides are most appropriate for use, and when and how to use them, consult the appro­priate pesticide selection guides produced by IFAS. Whenever practical, limit treatment to infected areas. Spot spraying lessens pesticide use, saving the application service money and lowering risk to beneficial organisms, pets, homeowners, and the environment. Consult with county Cooperative Extension Service agents, chemical distributors, product manufacturers, or independent turf or landscape maintenance consultants.

IPM is commonly used in agricultural crop production, where the economic thresholds for key pests have been determined. Using IPM in the urban environment, how­ever, has been more challenging. The Green Industry is sensitive to aesthetic damage, and customers are often intolerant of anything that could affect the appearance of ornamental plants. Increased education of growers, con­sumers, and maintenance personnel could raise the aes­thetic threshold and allow for minor damage without compromising plant health and beauty.

Another important aspect of a successful IPM program is pest monitoring. This includes understanding the life

cycle of a pest and knowing which plants and condi­tions it may prefer. Monitoring populations, understand­ing historical trends, and knowing where a pest is most likely to occur can target control practices to a specific pest in a specific location. Maintaining records and his­tories of pest populations can help a manager forecast pest occurrence and apply pesticides wisely.

The monitoring of pest populations presents special difficulties for the service industry, because the service professional may only be on-site one day per month or less. While spot applications are generally preferable, in certain situations preventative measures may be neces­sary. This is particularly true where experience has determined that less pesticide, or a less toxic pesticide, may be needed when a preventative control is used.

The basic steps for IPM programs are as follows:

• Identify key pests on key plants.

• Determine the pest's life cycle, and know which life stage to target (for an insect pest, whether it is an egg, larva/nymph, pupa, or adult).

• Use cultural, mechanical, or physical methods to prevent problems from occurring (for example, prepare the site, select resistant cultivars), reduce pest habitat (for example, practice good sanitation, carry out pruning and dethatching), or promote biological control (for example, provide nectar or honeydew sources).

• Decide which pest management practice is appropri­ate and carry out corrective actions. Direct control where the pest lives or feeds. Use preventative chemi­cal applications only when your professional judg­ment indicates that properly timed preventative appli­cations are likely to control the target pest effectively while minimizing the economic and environmental costs.

a Determine if the "corrective actions" actually reduced or prevented pest populations, were economical, and minimized risks. Record and use this information when making similar decisions in the future.

For more information on IPM, see IFAS Publication ENY-336, Integrated Pest Management in the Commercial Ornamental Nurse1y, at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/IG144.

PESTICIDE USE Pesticides are designed to kill or alter the behavior of pests. When, where, and how they can be used safely and effectively is a matter of considerable public inter­est. If they are not used wisely. pesticides may pose risks to pesticide applicators and other exposed people, and may create long-term environmental problems.

II FLORIDA FRIENDLY BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES for Protection of Water Resources by the Green Industries

'

l

I hl' ht q \\II\ ltl mun.tgl' pt• 1111tll stur.tgt 11nd dt~P"'·'' I Ill lt:Juu· I he ,lllllllllll 11( Jll' IICitlt• Jdt tl\ c:r other .tppii<.IIIL111S thrnugh p111p1'r pi.111111Tlg and cqtupml'nt l.thhrollton l.ulll\ or uupmpul} mnnagu.J .. tor.agc lue~hllt !> lll.l\ r1· uh 111 dtrlll tunoff ur lt·.tt hmg 1ll

pt'.,lllltk::. 111111 uri.ICt' \\fitcr ,tnJ grnunJ wmcr t.:~crs 111.1) he he!ltl hahlt lor duma~c: lauscd ln tmpwpl.'rl) llllld 1H Jtspo td Jll' IHIJt•S

l't·stltlde spill' 1:111 he c-.pt'Ciolll) prnhltm.lltC I \CII

pc Itt ule dt• tgnrd fm r.1p1tl hr~:.rkdt•Wn 111 tht• t'll\ trnn­nwnt t.tn pt•tsr .. t lur )l!.lrs IIJHC'>t'11l rn l11gh concentrn-111111 I he rt uhs tnn he lfw cnnlUilllll,ttron ul drmk1ng \\Iller, II h krll'> und otltcr unp.ttt 111 110nt.trgctccl org.ln· l'>llls, 111d .Hinuu•c;llall\c llnt·o; .md lcg.1l rlmt·tltt• It 15 tmport.•nt th 11 [W tttldc u ... t'l jlflllcct tlu 111 ehes from •• 11 ol th(• c h.H:ards

I hr 11\0 I Oh\ IOU llh thocllo rt•du t' till' fl'>k from pCSII

udt 1 to u t' them on I "ht•n net c '>.If\ lktcrmmc \\ luch pcslludes me the most u,cful o nd It'•"' em trlln-nwnl.tll) harmful lor a gtH n uu.lllnn pph tlwm

GENERAl PEST C DE BMPS

Tho lollowmg general BMPs should alwaY' be u~ for pcsl•c•dcs

• Develop - and Implement a quol1ty IPM program.

• Labels - Ob~rve oil d•rcchons rcstnd10ns, ond pre coultons on pcshctdc lobols It ts clcmycrou,, wasteful, und tllcgolto do othcrwts

• Storage - Stor pcsllc•dcs behind locked doors in ortgtnol contomcrs w•th Iobei mtact, scporotc from sc•xl and fcrhltzcr:

• Rote - Use poshctdos a t the correct oppltcolton rot and recommended mlcrvols between applicot1ons to ovo1d 1111ury to plonts ond on1mols.

• Handling - Never C<l t, drink, or smoke whon han· dl•ng pcstlc•c.lcs, and always. wash w.th r.oop and wot r after usc

• Rinsing - lnpl nnsc contomers mto the spray tonk Never pour pcsllc1dcs down a drotn or 1nto on area exposed to hurnons, onrmols, or water

• Disposal - DISpose of used contotncn 1n compl1oncc w1th label dtrcchons so that water contom•nohon and other houuds wtll not result

• Clothing - Always wear protcchvc clothing when upply1ng pcsiJCtdcs At a mtn•mum, wear a long sloovcd !oh111, long leugcd ponts, rvbbor gloves, boob (never go barefoot or wear sandal!,). eye prolcchon, ond 0 Wide urimmcd hot Add•llonol proiOCIIV gear may be hstod on th peslic1dc Iobei

profWII~ .111J l'flt lliHh Ill lllilllllliZl' < 11.,1.., .tnJ till' dllcto; on puhhc he.tlth and tht lll\ uonmcnt '' htll· nux­tm t:lllg pl.1111 ll'SJHlll'L' C.l\'l' pa1111 ul.u .ltll'lllinn Ill tht· \ulncr.thtltl\ of the Ill to gwund \\,lll'l or surf.ttt' \\att't cnnt.llllllloltlort I 111m k.tc h1ng 111 runoff.

A pt'M·wntrlll ~lt.ueg> ..,hnulu lw u-.nl o11 l) '' ht·n thl' [W'-1 ,., Colli tng or '' t :o.:pec It'd "' cauw more d.unage th.m '' h:u cnn lw nw.nn.thh .uul econ<Hl1H ulh toll'l.ltt'd A u•ntwl 'tratCg} ~hould be unplrnu ntcd th.u rt dulc th1 pc~t lllllllhlf.., hi olll ,tu t'Jllotble kH•I wJult' lllllllllH::mg h.trlll 1<1

rwn111~rlt:d Ill gam m lin st ratcg\ ol I P\1 1 ·'' folio\\

• l'tt'H nllllll-knpmg 11 pc 1 lrtllll heuun1ng .1 prohlt•m, .111d tiHn , 1! mt·Jt•d ,

• supprt -.um-rcdllllllg pro;t numht'l'> 111 d.llll,tgl' 111 .111

lllCCpt,thlt• lnd

\h'"'" rn ll tm the d1rn·wm' on the l.thel I hc..,l' tlun­uon<t h,l\ c ht•t•n tit'\ dnpcd alter l'\tl'n"" l' te t'.trt h .utd ltl'ld lllthc on tht• cht'llll tr). blllloglcall.'lkll , and tmtwnnwntall.llt' ol till· lll'SII('llk I h1· l.1lwlt.., tlt1• 'olll·

ll 11111.,1 1111JltHI111l docUOltlll Ill till II llf ,I pt ltUdt

~1 .\lt' .tnd lt:dt 1.11 pt•., ttc ld( I,\\\ ., u ·qu m lullm\lng l..ht•l ell rn lion .. •

ltknllf)tng 01 ll'CogniZing fll'Sl'l" t''i Ulll,litll Jl l ll l1l'l

pc ttctdc .1pphcu11on .md scln11on Omt• tlu pot ha., bet n ldl'lllllu:d , till ht t tuntwl metlwd mu .. t ht t ho..,t• n II 1 p ·~tllldl' 1 Ill ht u~nl , the <~pphlAtiiH mu 1 knm\ till

proper apphutlloll ln:hmqut .md fl•tJ thl' ),thd thol ·

oughh Pcsllt:tdcs shlluld b1• C\ du.11rJ on cllt•lll\ t'lll' .,

agatu 1 tht peo;t , mucic of a tton, Itt~ htg1• ul tlH' pt ~1. pctstmn~ I h,tUIHls, non-target tIll ct.;, ll'.ttlllng or runnll putcn11,1l, .tnJ lO l

P£STIODE SELfOlON BMPS

• Develop and 1mplcmenl a quoltly IPM program.

• Trotn employees m proper pc11 tdcnttftcahon and pos· llc•de 'elc.!Ciron te<hn•qucs

• Choose tho product most oppropnolo for the problem or pest

• Mix only the quonhty of pmhc•de needed in order to ovoid d·~posol problems, protect non target d orgon · isms, and $ave money

• Spot treat pests whenever oppropnol

• Read and follow olllabol dttoction~ The label is a legal docum nl

• Make note of any ground water odv•sories on the Iobel

Deportmenl ol Erwtronmcntal Pro!cdtOfl- Pt!Vrt.«l DECEMBER 2008 2ND PRINTING 2010 II

PESTICIDE STORAGE II Hill ~tor c Jll'!illlltk lt11 \our ''per .It hill, 1 hi'> ~torngl' rnu 1 hl' propcrlr {Ill\ tntt ted 1nd m.um.Hnl·d "' prc\t'lll

pwhfCill'> Ill 1111 C\flCIISI\\' dt',lll\1(1 Ill the C\Cill of .10 .tCCI·

dent l lw lwst \\,1) IU mmtnll:::l' -.tMagt.· pmhkms b lO

lnlll lllll:::t• tlw ollllllllll t \ll\1 -.I!Hl'. Purdt.l'>lllg onh -.m.tll .lnlllunt that \uu ~:un u-.e tJlllCkh • the h~:.-.1 .tppmach lor 111.111) turl m.m:tgl'm( 111 pro I s1on.tls II ) uti han• to .. lOre pl.' IICidt· , folio\\ th, c gmddln('s

• D 1gn .111d hutld p lllllk llll.tgt• '\lrUCtur~~ 10 ktcp pc IICtlk !'.CCUil .uu.J tsolatcd from thl· '>Urroundmg ('11\ tromucnl

• S tun: JW'ltt tdc Ill .1 ltlllf~d Ctll\lii'IC llf lllt:t.tf 'i(fUl'l\lll'

\\llh ,1 lod olhk dtllll

• "t't'JIJW.,ttratlt·s in .1 t'p.n.llt' luclill\, or .tt lcJ-.1 111 .1

lut:kt•tl olrCol !>t'Jl.lfolll lmm UH'll'i u-.~d Ill !> lllrl' ollll'l

m.urn.tb, c~pt't:t.tlh lcrtall:,·r • fu·d .• 111li ccJ

• Do r1111 !.lnrc pc tlcttk IIClll fl.•nun.thlc m.lll'nal ... hot \\olk (\\l'ldtng, gunclmg), 01 111 hop .tr~.b

~ I IIII Jll' l 'll l h tl (l llllt UIH' l'IJlllpHH'Il l ( JIPI ) \\ ht.•rt: II

I ' l'ot 'l l ) olttl''"hfr Ill .111 l' llll' l ~t'llt ~ hu l 1101 Ill lht•

f' l' .. llettlt O, ( !lr,l ~l .lrl'il (.,lllll' th.lt 11\.1\ lll.lkl it llll.l\,lll­.thll tlwtn~ .111 l'lllltgcnt} l. Chn k tht• l.tlwl .tnd tlw

\l:.tlt'rt.tl .._,tfcl\ D,11,1 ~hl'l'l (\IS() ) 111 d~ lt'rtlllm' tht• IUJliiiCd .lft'l) l'lllii(111H 111 IM l'llth l ht'lllllotl u'nlut lhl•

upcr.111nn Kc~ p .t ''Ill It'll pt'sllt 1J~ Ill\ rnlor · .mtl rlw :O.t~ns lllc• (,,, the dllrmc.tls 1111 ~~~~· D11 no1 ~rort• tluo; 111 form.11111n an 1 ht p sr1udt• '-ltlr .tgc fOtllll u .. df. Rt•mcmbc• thut Pl'l 1 pcctiHJ lnr tliHm.tl npphtntton ,\lld hundltng ll II\ Ill(' • ncgular (lf'J 111,1\ 1101 lw JHillt'l:·

11\C an emtrgt'llt) uu.lttons, uth .h hr(., or t..:'.llllt\11

"11 h ot ht•r p11lcd chemtc:tl-.

Dt•pcmllng on the prttchu.:t SWH d ,111d thl' ~lt.llllll~. \llu m;n ta cd In ll:'giSit'l rhc fnulll\ \\ 11h the llnml.l Dl'pannll'lll of ''111111UI111) Alf.ur-. .1111.1 \uur llll<~l CllH'I};Cill\ teSJ)(IIl l ll~llll} ( hl'CK \\ llh \'tllll Jll'.,IICidt•

dt•.tkr .tbtHiltommuntt) rtght·tu-knm\ '·"'' ft11 tlw m,llnl.tls th.ll \Oll fllllt haw. An CIIH:rg~nl.: rt•.,pon'l' pl.111 hnuld ht• 111 pl.tn• .md f.nmh,ll 111 fll' t o;onnel hl'loa' .tlltlll(tgt'lll\' Otllll,, such,,., .1 ltghrn1ng -.utkc,lllt', ot lt U llll,JIH' , lmJ1 \ 11J Uotf'i l'lllHl \llllllg l llll'fgl'llt: )' Jll.'.,lll itft•

'ho.tnup<; should he pwpul~ tl.llnnluntltr tlw t~tptart'· n1cn1 nlrhc kdl'r.•llluup.uwn.tl S.tkt\ .uttllkahh \tlmrnt"ll llltlll (l l"ll \) I (It rqllltllng l lwnmul pdls.

set• IIH tCIIOn till p1llu:porrang ll'lf111HI1H'IHS lllt'l 111

tillS l h.tplt't

L>o nut store I urge qu:mtllu ol pt''illt all c.. lt•r l1\t1g pt·r l· otl \dopt rhe Jarst an-flf 1 mu· JHIIH tpl~. u 111g tht• oldest producr flr~t tn ( nsuat th.u tht prodtH 1 .. lwllltll' doc mll cxpn~:

1111~.: pc uodcs llllhtlr nrtglll.d ~<llll:uawr ... Duntll put fll':SIIOtho Ill Ct\lll,llllCIS 11t.11 1111gh1 lotll l' dultlrt•n .111d uthcr 111 1111 l:tkt•IIH 111 loa loot! t1r d11nl, "lt:p till <tlnt.tina tl'urcl du t•d ,1nd 111 fll'<l tlwm regul.uh l111 spl rb, I( ,tr!;, hh .aks, m lt•.t ks \II pt·slluch· liHII,llllC 1s llllultllw luhtll'll \rt.lllgl' fll'..,llttdl'llllll.llllll., -.urh.ll

rht• l,tlwt ... urc dt•.trh \ 1'1hh', .and m.tkt• -.urt' th.\1 tlw l.lht Is olll' kgthk l~rf.l'>tl'llllll ltiO'l l;tlwlanj.\ \1 .. 111~ lhltl·\\·lll'T ,,luhh glut• 111 tut<h, tr.1n p.trt Ill p.ttk.1g1ng l.lfll' Dn 111111d.t hnl.lllt'l \\llh ruhher h.utd., l\\ lmh t)\lll kl\ Hll .111d lol 1h hrt,lk) til lhlllll31l"(l.ll~lll llfll'"

udt as tlut 1 '•'fll.: 111 m,t ... klng 111Jil' (\\ ludt m;w nh .. ntll tmponanr p•ocluct <UUIH•n 1.11~ ment-. or l.thd dtrt'tlhlll' r,., pr.>du I u.;c) II a labl'l 1 .. d.un.lgt•d , llllllll'dlalt'"

r~.:<Jllt' 1. rt:pl:t cm~.:nt from tht fh~llctdc J,.akt or ltH­IllUI.uor \ a h mpoa tr\ uppkmcnt 111 dto;ftgurt·d '"

h.tdl d.unagcd l.thcJ, f.t ten a hagg.tgc 1.1g an 1h1· {Ill\·

t.uner h.111dlc On the 1.1g \\rue till produtr nunw. lm­mul.lll<m, CCIII cnu.u wn l'l :h.: II\ c angrcdtl'nt( ..,) • ".,rgn.tl \Hud, the llltllncnt 1\l'cp Out of lk.1d1 nl <. htldlt'll, and the d.I!C of Jlllfl h:t C llthtll' 1.; olll) 4Lil''llt111 ,lhlllll

lht• Ct•llh'IIIS uf thr COlli,IIIU.' I , "ll II :lSidl fill (1111Jll f

drspos.tl

Dn h.tg .. shuuld lw 1.11o,ul 011 p.,ll~r" lll cnsml' th.u rhn do 111!1 grt \\t'l no IIIII lOll' hqutd lll<lll'floll ... lllll\l' Ul) m.llrn.tf,. ~llllt' ll.•mm.1hh• pl·,llc tdl·., .,cp.u.ud\' from nunll.tmm.thll' pt sllltdt·o;

II FLOR DA FRIENOI.Y BESl MANAGEMENT PF.ACTICES fO< Promctooo ol Wa• RMOu<CI!l by tha Greon lndutlllftl

cgrqJ,Hil' lu rhrcrdt• rnsccltcull':s, .111d lungrtrt.lt 1u

prn t'll l Uo<;s um1.11m n .11 11111 nnd nunrnii:Zt' llr~· flll l l' ll llltl

lm mto;.rppltt.rllon < w.,s l nnl.lllllll.tlctl pcslrudc•s ulh'll (ollllllll lw tppht·d Ill olllllfU.tn('(' \\ llh lhr· l.thcl oll'.ll It of llu pmdtu Is . I ht'i 111.1) nt.~kt• 11 tll'll'""'"' 111 drsp'''"

of the CUI C(IIIIRIIIIII:IIcd IJI.IICII,IIS ,1 \\,l'iiC.<; Olld lCIUid

IClflllll till ~l'l\ ttl'" nl u lllllMth.ull 1111(1 h.ruudou \\,l'ih'

con1r.rc1nr

lJ,,. s lu hnrg lll. tdt•ol pl.tsttt or h'lllhllttd nwwl Knp mew I Itch rng p.nnlcU (unlc~ mad, ''' t.unkss '>It d) In

U\oul cntroston II )Oil u .. ,. \\f111d "lll'hrng, p.unt It w rlh

111 cnnmd 111 \\,llt'rpronl p.unt 111 nunrmr:zt• ·"" ,rhsorp 11011 ol prlkd 1 lltulc lll:tlt n:rls It 1s h <>I 111 repine,· ""''" <;hch ttrg \\llh IIH"I.rl111 pJ,,.,,,,

l t)ll IIIICI flour ''' sc.ttnkso; llH til or "'" ' H'lt' t'.tlcd '' rth 1 chemic tl·lt:.,l'il,llll p.11111 I nr cunt HIt' uo.;(' ,,

\\iller \:i'lllllll l.lllll no hrghcr lh.mt1 "f') I h \\tl~lu ,nnd lt',l\ l' ,, rough lt nr..h Ill p1m rdt• .HIIH''illlll lot tlw st·.rl.nll I 'lll'l' till' limn \\llh n cuntuwou nnh 111 rct.un prllc•d m.tlt 11.1IS \\ hrl, ,, 11111pl 1l) scakd sump 1111\ lw urduckd to h• lp n 1:11\ ('I sprllrtl lli.IICII,tf,, tin r1111 lllo;r:tll .1 drnrn, ,IS II Cilll rdt•asC "(lllll•tf matrrral IIIlO lhl" Ill\ lll\lllllt'lll

II'''" h.l\:1 I tlrlllll Ill,, 'ilot .lgl' oi H',I, .. , .. tl II .... Sllllll .IS

(l{lssrhlc 111 prC\ertt unconllolltd rrk.to;es 1'111\ rde slnpctl r.llll(l'i !I tht• Cllllolllll' IO ,rllu\\ h.1mk ,ut Ill S,rll'f) lllUH'

m.llt'll,1l1n nd 0111 ol lht• tot,tgt 111',1

\\ fu •11 tll''l!llllll£ lftt l.tlllll\, kl'l'(l Ill 111111d th,tl lt'lllfll't.l

turl', lfl mts Junng "wmgt• "'•') reduce~~~'' .tnt.! .tilt tl (ll>:SIH!th dhCIIL\ Pw\ rdt ,1\llnm.tllt: t xh.111"1 ''"" nml ,111 tllttrgt'llt:\ "•'"h "''' llw t'rntrgt'llC\ ''a'h all·a hould he OUISHh rhc slm.rgt• burldrng I oc.tl rue .llld

l'!t rlllt:,lltodr. 1111\ H<JIIIIt' l':\flliiSIIlll flll\ll l hghtlllg .uul f.rus I hc hgluJf.m "nchcs should he oursrclc rhl'

hurldrng, .uul both S\\1ldh o; slwuld he 1unwd ''" hclofl l'~""l'lc cnltr .unl lhllrld rcrn.un on un1rl nflll the• h "c It f1 the hurldmg

I ht• H\ll's d1s uc;:.cclnt thc next sccuon ohtn ddr, ., 1hr. rtfcnl Sllll 111011 of IH \\( t:Oil!tiiiiCHcf, pCIIll.llll'lll l.lctfrUC..<; flo\\ (\I I , \ IIU ,\fl' t'lll Ulll 1gl•tl to ,rppl\ I ftc C JlllllU(liC

and ltka It! c:-.rs11ng l;r rhuc

l'lans .rnd pecth ,lll(lll5 lor JllSIIt:tdc o;;tnrugc hutltlang.,

lit: "• rl.tblc from CH"r,tl so\llll , rncludrng 1hc lht

l ., Pt p.trllll<lll ol \gr~tultutt' N.nur.rl Rt•soUilC

Cono;;cn 1110n St:r\1 c ( I{{ ~}.the Mtd\H 1 1'1.111 en rcc .urd rht• II \':I l'uhla.lllllll., Olhu· I ft, • .,, Olg.mr:.tlll'lh

puhllt rtrons ul.,,> Ct)fll,lln h cornrncnclcd m.tn.lgtmrnl

fH Cllt C" ror j>CSII( ulc stOt,tgc f:tctlrues

r-.:cllt rhat cancelled su .. pendul or unus;rhlc p ~11ud

mu 1 lw drspo<.ul <•I prt~p•• h 101 .t~t· "'' lun~ f>l'rltld' l Ill lt.ld 1•1 ft.lklll~ llllll,llllll ell Olht't ul<;lf\ pn•hlttn" I he llolld.rlhp.utml'lllt•lln\ln•nmt:nl.tll'rorctlhlll and tltt• llutrtlot lkp.lllllh'lllul \guurhur •. urd Cmhllllll'l

\ gne~d .,tor rgt' l.u rill\ !ihuultl h,t\1' the lolhm.rng k.IIUh s

• \'~'(lit<' ,trt·,t \\hl'll' 1111,1\lthOIIZt'd (11'1Sllll..,lll l' fl''lllll

1 d from t nt<·rrng

• P11•per l.rhclang on l :..h•rrm doors, ut h ,ts srgt~o; th.u "'') • '0 ~MOKI N{,- .rnti"WA I~N I N<, 1'1 Sl f( IDI· S I ( lRJ\( .1·" No ' 1nukrug H·gul.ll lllll'i lltt·cl "' lw

tn lon 1'd

o ~>pportunrt\ ft,r \\,lh't "' <1111'1

• 1\tll p t'IUI\IIl' llllltrol ro .1\ tmlt·x< l'!..,IH' loiJ 111 lw.ll

BMPS E AN DSPOSA

lho followtng BMPs should be u~nd lor slormg and d•spo~ing of pmhcid~

• Moinl01n and follow Iobei~ on oil pe~hc1dc conlornms

• Store pcsttctdcs only m thctr orrginol contornt.n or make $urc tho new contorners oro properly lobclc...J

• Stor s1rnrlor pcsllctdcs together, lor exc•ntplo, $lor herblctdr•!. with herbu:tdcs, and uucchc1dos wtth rnscctrctdcs

• Store dry plllticidcs uhov ltqUtd~

• Keep contomcri do~ trghtly

• Inspect Inventory frequently and watch lor damaged contorn fi

• Store seporat ly any pcstrc1dcs that moy be Aommabl

• ltm•l the amount of mvcntory, ond purchase only the amounts needed

• Tnplc nruc, puncture, ond cru~h empty conttrinnrs Cloon oil VJs1bl chem•col from the conta1ncr, mdud1ng the contorncr cop and cop thrcods Follow th k1bcl dtrcchons for contotner dtSpor.ol

• Apply unused chcmrcol mixtures or 11nsato to c1 !coal target ol or below the Iobei rot or sovc 1t to u~ as make up wat r for lot r appllco!lons of compotrblo rnotcnols

• for cancelled suspended, or unur.obl pcsllcrdc~, coo toct the FOACS Buroou of Compl•cmc Mon•torinu at (850) 488·3314 or oo to http //www.nocs org/e,om pllmon,torrng/rnd<'.x html lor gutdancc

Dopar1mont of Erw1tonmcntal Protoc!>on - !!~ted DEC EMBER 2008 2ND Pi NTING --;;a-lii

• Not lo .llrd d,,.,,. 111.1 hoth of \\,lll't, lnkholc. nr \\ dlhl'll\1

• ~lll'qu.th: hglumg nd H 11111.11wu

• I hi' .tluhl\ to u101n1n runoll I rum sp1llo;

• \ Slllll(t: ••I tlt•.tn \\UICI \\ tth f11C\CIIIIIlll llf b.ICknll\\ ol t hcnucals 11111• 1111 \\i.llct supph

• Stm.tgl ~hl'l\tS olllll t.dlllltiS 11flltlllp01t11h lll.lll'rt,tlth.ll \\lllrml .rh .. olh pt•..,tt{ltks

• sh1lws 111 uthl r tlll!.tlls of kn·p111g l hl'l111l.tl., oil \\t 1

I hu•t s

• \lah 11,d.; .md CtiiiiJllllllll 111 u•nt,tm .md denn up p It· tult· pJII~

• Cit- Ill, ll adtl II\ .ttlahlc pcrsllll,tl ptolt'CII\ C C!JUIJllnCIII

and cmctg( Ill) tdcphonc uumbcr~ or mhcr mC.IIl'o of SCCllrlllg ,1 ISI.III(~ 111 olll CmcrgriiC\

MIXING AND LOADING ACTIVITIES In lllnsl ,IStS, the IIIISIIlg ollllllo.ldlng of JlC'tll tel ... 11110

.tppltt.lltoll Ct(liiJllllt'nt ~hould be done lldjotccnt loth~

.tpplt olll(lll IIC II dttllllt.ll:o. .Jh 1(1\l(lllch mtxu.l :md lo.tdcd .11 U hop Ill 'i(III:ISl' Sill', ..,ptllrd llt.llt 11,d {,Ill

.Itt \lllllllllt l111tlt':I:Jll'll<;t\ I ~~~.IIHIJl Jlltl(l'thtrt'o; lllol) Ill' lftllllltd

l .,r 1 \ttt'lltt Hllllhlll \\ lwn lt.1ndl1ng 111111 l'llll.lll'd

dh'lllllll)!; J'IJI., 1 1111id lt<;Uh Ill olll C\jlCi l'-1\ ( h,tz.trtf· till \\,I Sit' dc,llliiJI II IS llllJlPrl . tlll Ill untft•J,t.tntf htl\\

mt:-otng .and lo.•tlmg upt·r 111un t:.lll pollutt• 'ulncmhk g1111111tl \\Ill I Ulld Slllf lt:l' \\ IICf upphc tJ COOUUCICd

111lptopl1 1\ .ltlcl at the\\ 11111g IIC I 0(. IC Opl'l'aiiOI\s

''ell ll\\ ') ltom glllund \\atcr \\dl und, rc.b \\l~t•rc 111111)1[ m.t} t:• II} ptll d pcstllldt s IIllO surl.tce \\.Ill r

hL•clrcs \ll: '' tround puhh '' ucr upph \\ells .;hould rcc( I\ c pcu.tl cono;tdcr, liOn .md m:l\ he dt tgnatcd a' \\tllltcad protclllon .ttc.t lkforc ml:-.:tng or loadmg pf•atctdcs In such art".ts, consult \\llh t.llc and local gmcmmcnt olhctalo; to dctcrmlnr 1f sp dal rc tncuon .tpph

lo Jlrt:\ cnt prohlun '' l1111 1111\tllg rhcnllr<.iiS on·slh',

U!:'C .1 tnl;o,;tng 11.1 111 poll thlt Jl.ltlto,I\Oltl ..,ptll,tge that

tPLIId h1 11.111 pc••tt·tl to 111111 t.ll'gl"ll.'d .ucas houlc.l ,1 l hl'JIIIl tl 'Jllll 111lltl tht• 1111\lllg tilt\ th~ ntolll'll,tl o;Jwulu then lw llll'-Cd 111111 lJ11 .tpplll IIIII t'qii1Jl111CIII .uaJ ll'iCd .tu·urd111g 111 rlw pt<~dmt l.tlwl

ltll \our 11\\11 s.ll('l), ,tl''·'>., u.,, •• til pt rson.tl fl"''l'l II\ c• t qtnpmcnl rcqtltll d h\ rill' l.thl'l

PESTICIDE EQUIPMENT CALIBRATION AND LOADING " l'l (l .1ppl1t.tllllll t'CJlltpml' lll pltlpt' lh t.tlthr.tt l'd .md 111

gtl<ld H ' Jl.lll . ( OIIC:CI lllt:.IS\Ircnll'l\l keep till llltlllllJ'h nnt:c \\llh rht l.1hd, ltdnu tltr nsk ... to upplt(,lhll.,, \\Orktt , Ulld till" Cll\ lltllllllCIII , .111tl W ., \llll IIIIIIH')

{ .althr.llt' "'IllS l k .m ".Itt: I .md do tWI c,thhr.llt' t' tiiiiJl·

IIH' Ill IW.U \H'II .. , .,tnkhuJto., ll l .,urJ,tn• \\ .llt•rlwcllt''·

\lt•,1 Ute p~ lltttlt• tlltd dlhll'IIIS olltlll,lll'h hi ,1\oltl 1111J)It1JWI tlmilllg, rill' ptqMt,UIIlll tlf l'\lt'" Ill 111'1111111\ Ill

1111\11111', Ill till' pnp.ll.lllllll nl .lt.lllklt>.td clltnt"llll' ,1(

tht• \\I Illig :>lllllgt h

lite ptopt1llpplrtllllllltll ptstludr.,JwJp., ,,, htluu· l''''" .llld 111t1~.1o;c 1'"''11" lmpll•Jll'l .tppltt.Uhlllt.ln H' .. ult 111

"· Sll'd dlcllliC:tl' tn.ugtn.ll pc~t t.tllltrol, CMl'""'' c.lll\

0\l'l, tll cJ.un. gc 10 llll f 01 ),mdsc.tp OrtiJfllllll,tJ., \ t1

r suit. llloltCUHIIC • pplk:IIWII 1 U U.tJI\ H:f\ t':\pt!11"1\l'

Rca\\ arc t'l tht pmpcr .tppltc.lllon mer hod . clwrntt.tl t Hccts on equipment, UJIIIJlllllllt lalrhratr''"· 11111 <''rh 11 cle.mmg method S pt .tH' t ' .. hnuhJ ht· (,thht utt•d \\h t•n IW\\ tlr "hr n rw::lt•s .IH' rql l.tt t't.l and rccahhr.llld nl111 • IC\\ hours or u c ns llc\\ lhl:Ules 111.1\ \\ c.:.lf .md I ht t .lie ol nm\ m.l\ Inert I c r.1p1CII lilt I )\,nnpll. \\ tlt:-thlt· (lO\\ . dcrs ma ~rode no:.:lr 111> , CHI IllS .111 tnUt.t 1 111 uppl1

111un n11cs aftt!t p1 t) 1ng , ,., fr\\ n 50 U( II'" Rt't:llrhtllh

t'(jiiiJllllllll pt nn«ht.tll) to tOIIIJ'llh.lh lot \\t:,ll 111 pump.,, no::: It , .111d nwtcrtn~ \ ~tcm

l h1• .li t h HI Ill uf t ht•tult.tl ..,.,Jut ton .lpJlhl'd J1l'l 111111 ol .,urf.lu' .trt.l tkptnd..,on rlw lnnHud ~JH'l'tl, 'o\''h'tn

pu~ su1r: IZ.l ol lhiZZk nnd sp.1Ciflg ~~1 lltiZZil ~ 1lll tfw ))(lmn \ 1 h.mgt: 111 .Ill\ 11111 of tiH•sr: '' rll cha11~c tht· 1.11c 11f pp11C,IIIIlll ( ou uh ll11• opt11111H"' manu.tl fm tklulcd tlllotllr.tllon t)ll .1 Jl.llllllllill pr.J\l'r U.1ckp.1d.: spl.t)CIS 111cl h.md ~pr.t cro:; .rl o .111. nd should he c:~hhr 111 d. oml pphc tors shouiJ he MothbmtcJ to clctt rmuw ho\\ lllltch dlliiiiC.rl '" hcmg <~pphcd clunng u hro.rdc.1 1 .tpphcuuon '' IHic wnlk111g .u:ross ~ l.m n

,1l1h1,1111111 ht1ulcl h, performed h) mc.~'<urtng tht amnum 11l Jl' ucrdc .1ppl1cd to a mall nrcu (fur tX.IIll· pJC, 1,000 <iC(llolll rHt) tnd C tfcu),lllllg hO\\ IIIllCh \HIItfJ

he •'l'Jlhccl 111 ,, l.ugc ,rrc.r I Cit 1 qulplllclll \\lth nwr, th.rnriiH nozzlt, IJc 1111 to chtck tlw lh1\\ r.ltl' rllall nozzles on ll11 sp1.1 ct "''the) .ttt• >.llllli,u ltpupnu•nt npplrc 1 s .111d pt sttc1dr: supplt~•t" ultl'n "uppl} C:Jithta·

lllHI t'lJlllplllt nt 111 ro;srst.tnu• .11 hm tlf 1111 to ... t If \till c,lhul.rtt the rctUtlltllllll\l llllt'tll !111 lllth 'fll'llt

tftlll,lltllg l'tpllflllll Ill, \till \\IJI II' lh.llt\tll ,I 5111,111

llll)liiiH IIICIII Ill C riJIJr llttlll ollC\II,Il. \ <.Ill S,IH 0 s1gnrft c.mt .unm1111 of moth) spent on fh:stlcrde th.11 "·'"

\\itS II d bcC,JUSl II \HIS 0\ t I ,I ppltt d

• M1x th pcsltcrd and load the spreader or sprayer carefully ro avo1d sp II~

• MIX and load pcsltcrdes on an tmpcrvrou~ mix/load pod wrth pi'OV1$tOn$ for collecting and rcusrng sp•lled or wast mat nal

• Usc excess rst Cld mudurcs on a Sit that IS speer fred on the lobe

• Con,rcl r do~cd system' for loodrng and m•xmg

• Tr1plo 111110 conlwnors, pour rhc rinso1c rnro rho ~pray tank and usc tho CKccss occarclmg lo tho product label

• Colrbroto your spreader or sprayers

I londa l;m rcqutH on .ur gnp or h 1ck tphonmg de\ ICC

h l\\ccn the\\ tcr o,uppl~ .utd the apphcallon cqu1p111 nt to prtHIII lnd no\\ IIIIo thr \\Jlcr ~Lippi\ :-.:ncr .,uh 1111 I gt I ht ~ lltl of ll "ollt I 'llfl(lh lmsc Ill .1 l Ull k 1 hi<; can I ad to the lll"th wnt UIIUlttlon of a \\,Her suppl)

PESTICIDE APPLICATION EQUIPMENT WASH WATER \\,,.,h \\ollt'l lwm fiPilrudt rpplu:atwn l'qmpnwnt muo,l lu man.tgl'd prupcrl , slllCl' 11 u•uld t unt.un

pt stu ult• 11 ..,,d11cs I nsurmg that 110 pcsucrdc "Pills Ot cur on the\ elude h) 1111 tng rll (ll'<;liCidt' mer 1111~ IIIJ,: 111\S 1'11111111.11(5 JlOitllll:tl (ll'iltCidt II.IJ:IIIciS ..,\\Cl'p

•"'> gt,tnul.u ptndul!c; th.lt h.t\C "Jllllnl 011111 thl \\'llldt•

(II 111111 tatgttul.llt'•'' 111111 l.aht kd b.rg-. fvr l,lll'l ll"t'

\\n .. h tlu '' htt ll "' ,, d"'S"·' ' ''d \,,,,h ,u(,l 1 h,· "•111'1

h"'"' hould h.IH .111 •m/oll ',1h • nnd .1 ".ttcr·t•'UIIllll}; llllJ:Zlc I C tfu lc,tSI ,JIIJlllllll llf \\ ,IICI po 1hl( 1\1 \\,1 h llr~ t'((UIJllllclll .ulntll.llt h \\tllfiiiZnl .. prot) l'lflll(llllllll

c:lll be llll<;t•tl of IJC IICidc rc.,ldllt'<; 11\ t:l turl olll I ,It tht Jllb Sill \\ h< I( thr. nnsall \\Ill h ll'>t'd oll:l;(lfUIIIg Ill till

prochHt l1tbd Tht st pa.u.:llu s prl Hill Ull\\illllrd Ill Sit

CICfr. 11 ldllr'i [rum llltllg \\a'ihCd onto 11011-lalgt'llcl tlll.tS AHHtf conduu tng smh ,~ .rslun~ an llw \lllllll

o f \H' II ' 111 ... url.tu· \ \.Itt' I hcu.lrl·-..

llll IIIOSI turf apphl 1111111 l'lliiiJllllCIII, lht Ill Ilk Ill tht .tppltcallon t.tnk slwuld h, fill'' d I hl'i •~ dclllt' ll\ ltllrng 11 "11lr ".11\ 1 nncl llwn .tpph mg 1111' llll'>t \\,till

Ill till 'i,lltll' ltl,llllll'l ollld Il l thl' o.;,lllll' ~Ill U'i tlw llllglll.ll pt Slh rdr• ltll hugc•t l'lllll(llllt'llt 1h.11 1~ lti,Jdnl .11 .1

u·ntttfl.ntlttr till' lll'iitk ul th, .!Jlpltc.IIHIII l'l(lllflllh'lll

should lw \\,r,Jrnlon liH' 1111\/lo.ul p.td l lw.; '""'·Ill' 111,1\

ht .tpphul .15 ,1 P''"llt ulr {JHtftlll'd) ''' 'oltlrnll•'' ll!!t' .ts

lll,lkC IIJl \\,lit I fot thl' llt'Xll11111Jl.lllhfl 11pflhl.llH111

Oth~''' 15< 11 11111st h. l l •,tlt d 1s ,1 (pollllll.rlh h.IZJI(IOU ) \\,1 It: \fit I \\3 hmg Jill' l't(lllflllll'lll ,llld

before an lm.ompa11hll' pr11Juct '" h.mdl\:d, tht• 'illlllf'

hnuld bl' ch .mcd tll .Ill) hqmd anti ed1mcnt

PESTICIDE SPILL MANAGEMENT ( h•an up sp1 lls .ts snun "' pus., thl l' nm:rnagt tl ~rull., lllil) qmckl 1110\C IIIlO lllfiiCC \\illCI'S and lll(llrt pi IllS

and , nltn.tl h •~ c sen11.1l to bt prepared lor 11\,1(01 111

rumor p11ls I hr sooner ou c.m cont. m .lhstll h .uul dl'o(lO'iC or·' s.ptll, the It ch.tlllC I her('·~ th.ll II\\ lll .ruse h. nn Ah\ ,1\ usc tht • pprop11.11l per on.al pr utcc

11\l cqutpmcnt ,,., tndtotlt:d on the ~I'-D'> .md the t,,bd lor,, chcu11 tl In tcld1110n ICil!'J" tlu loJI,m 111g lnu1 !ill p

• < 0~ JIHH .1< tl\t h o;ptll rng 111 lr.tl..lllg nl.lltll.rlo; ll\ "'"'11g the umt.llllll uprrght. pluggurg fto.1kl ), 111

sh11111ng thl \,ll\r

• < l l:-.l I \ IN 1 Itt• 'f" ll' cl m.lll'll,tl u rug h.trttt r .uHt

h.,orhuu m.11crr.1l I or ""'"II sptll., us(' kill) lttt• 1

vc rmtcult1c ~hr( dlkd nC'\\ papc r nhsorhcnt pttiO\\S dean !'.,tnd or pado; l sc dtkcs to <llrnl l.ug< o;ptJI., ,1\\ a r rom duchcs 101111 dram pond.. mkholcs Ill

\\ood 'ou c. n tlso ll'>c products such ,,., Soak l p to ah .. orh "Pitied mnlcrUtf., I hco,c l) pc., of produ(t .11lo\\ the .1h orhrd matcnnltll hr diluted 11110 the

prn) llllli:lmt: and • pplild • c; us.1hlc pco,llcrdc

0 11 I < I spallccl 111.111 ual b.-,orbcnls .md ll akrng conwlncrs and pile< thl m 111 a !>ccurl pwpt rl\ I.• he h d cont.llncr ';omc contnmm:tted motcll.tb. l.nultl 11 qu11r dtspO.,,If as h.tZ.aH!.IU., '' ,,.,tc

• SIORI lhl't!lll t.uma-. t)l'ofll lln l 111.111'11,\lllnt tl thn t'ol n ht• .1pphn l ·'" .1 fH'., II ll t.l t· or .1pptoprt.lll h

dl Jl'""" til.

D~potlm(lflt of Emmonmonlol Pr hon llr.-v,\00 D£CEMBER 1008 2ND PRINTING 2010 II

mall ll4u1d sptlt o,; tn.l\ lw t k.111nl up hy u'mg un .th ... cllhtttl Sill h ts c ul ltllrr, dtlultng 11 \\tlh '>Uti, ami ahctt appl) utg lite· ,,h ... urlwttl 111 1hc· I.H~t'l "" '' ac; ·' p,· ... u ­

udt• Ill .Ill ord.tllll' \\ tth I Itt• l.thd llhtr\lt I IIIII'

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Publtc low 96 S 1 0 and Publ1c law 92 SOOO (CERCLA) reqwe tmmcdtol nohftcollon of the opproprlat U S governmental agency when otl or hozardou~ sub~tances oro dtschorgcd The low $totes • Any such pcr$0n who foal~ 10 nohfy tmmcdtately such I:J9enCY of 1uch dtKhars ~all, upon convrchon, be lmoc:T not more than $1 0 000 or tmpmoncd for ncl more than one year, or both "

Undcr Chopt r$ 376 ond -103, Flondo Statutes

• Any own r or operator of o foctltty who has knowlcdg of any release ol o hazardous ~lnton' o from o fact!.ty m o quonl•ty equal to or c.x.cccdtng tho r portable quonhl"t (we the MSDS $hcc1)an o 24 hour pcnod 1holl tmmodtol ly nohfy tho Stat Wot~mtg Po111t

• The owner or opcrcrlor IKJVtng a dtKhorgc of pctrolet.rm product~ exceeding 25 gullons on o pcrv•ous surface (or any amount in o wtrl rbody) mu~t report wch diKhorgc to the Flondo Depor lmcnt of [nvaronmentol ProlccltOI't or 1ho Stato Warnrng Point

Thn pcnolty '' not tn rcporhng o JPtll, 11 tS in fo,J,ng lo report o sptll

REPORT THE FOU.OWII'IG INFORMAnON

• Nome address, and t I phone number of person reporlrng

• Nom address, and tel phone number of person respomtblc for the d Khorgc Of release tf known

• Dote and hmc of the d schorge or relco~

• Type or nom of tho subsluncc dtKhorgcd or released

• Estunotcd amount of the dtKhorgc or relco~

• loccthon or address of the dtschorgo or rclcosc

• Source and couw of the dtKhorgc or release

• StZt' and choractL!mltcs of the area affected by the d1scharge or release

• Contammcol ond dcunup ucltons taken to dote

• Other per sons or <Jgcnc•cs conlaclod

~~~ FlORIDA FR (NOlV llfST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES 10< Proted10n ol Writer Re\OUfCtll by the Gr-~~<~t~--1ndw--,.M----------

t

1

MAINJAGIEMIENT OF PESTS IN 'U'HE LANDSCAPE

WEED MANAGEMENT Florida law defines a weed as a plant growing where it is not wanted. Plants often earn their reputations as weeds if they grow without care or cultivation and despite efforts to get rid of them. Weeds compete with desired plants for space, water, light, and nutrients and can harbor insect pests and diseases. The predominant weed species change from season to season in Florida. Because weed populations can explode if not kept in check, the amount of pressure from these pest plants remains consistently high.

Weeds reproduce from seed, root pieces, and special vegetative reproductive organs such as tubers, corms, rhizomes, stolons, or bulbs. People, animals, birds, wind, and water can distribute seeds. Many of the weeds that show up in landscape beds come from seeds. Weeds also arrive in landscape beds when their reproductive tissues and organs are in the soil of transplants. Weed rhizomes or stolons can also creep into a landscape bed from an adjacent infested area. Plastic or metal edging that penetrates several inches into the ground around the perimeter of the bed reduces the likelihood of weed infestations from rhizomes or stolons.

Preventative weed control is important. Removing estab­lished weeds from landscape beds can be time consum­ing and/or expensive. Weed infestations will probably have to be removed by hand, as there are a limited num­ber of herbicides available that can be safely applied over the top of and around most landscape plants. For Green Industry service personnel, the application of most herbicides must be done by licensed pest-control professionals. For more information, see the IFAS web­site: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/TOPIC Ornamental Pests.

INSECTS AND OTHER ORGANISMS Fewer than 1 percent of all insects are harmful to plants and many are actually beneficial, acting as predators or parasites of harmful insects and assisting in the cross­pollination of certain plants. Remember that disease, nutritional deficiencies, cultural treatments, and environ­mental conditions can cause a plant to appear unhealthy or discolored, so it is important to diagnose a problem correctly before remedial measures are taken. Some plants in the urban landscape are oversprayed, resulting in unnecessary environmental contamination and often upsetting the natural predator/parasite-pest balance.

Think about all of the control options available under IPM. Before using a chemical control method for an active pest infestation, look around the landscape to see if predatory or parasitic insects are present to control your pest problem. If you must spray, use the least-toxic remedy possible and exercise great care to avoid contam­inating yourself and other living creatures.

In general, IPM calls for pesticides to be applied as need­ed when plants have an active infestation and significant damage is likely. However, some pest problems may be best handled with preventative measures, such as the use of residual Imidacloprid to target chinch bug nymphs as they emerge from their eggs. Preventative application measures should not be routine but should be based on your professional knowledge of the control agent or method, the pest's life cycle, environmental conditions, and historical data. Use preventative chemical applica­tions only when your professional judgment indicates that properly timed, preventative applications are likely to control the target pest effectively while minimizing eco­nomic and environmental costs.

In addition to Florida's abundance of native pests, land­scape workers need to be aware of imported plant pests, their identification and control. In the last several years, these pests have caused substantial economic damage and an increase in the use of pesticides. The effects caused by citrus canker and greening are just two examples of dis­eases that have devastated a sector of Florida's economy. Insect examples in the landscape include the Asian cycad scale, pink hibiscus mealybug, Chilli Thrips, Lobate Lac Scale, Ficus whitefly. and many others.

Florida's tropical climate and international status predis­poses us to imported plant pests. We have a history of the rapid spread of these imported pests to landscape plants. The normal problems of pest control are made worse by:

• No populations of beneficial predators,

• Poor or slow problem identifications,

• No basis for control product selection

• It requires the constant awareness that new pest prob­lems are likely.

Employers and employees must be vigilant and seek additional training from IFAS, which is the key source of diagnostic and control information for these exotic pests.

For more information on IPM and insect pests, see the following:

• IFAS Publication ENY-337, Commercial Applications of Insecticides and Miticides in the Green Industry, at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu!IG 145.

• IFAS Publication ENY-338, Insect Management on Landscape Plants, at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/lGOl3.

• IFAS Publication ENH-300, Insect Pest Management on Twfgrass, at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/lGOOl.

• Featured Creatures at http://creatures.ifas.ufl.edu.

Department of Environmental Protection -Revised DECEMBER 2008, 2ND PRINTING 2010 •

PLANT NEMATODES Nematodes are small, unsegmented roundworms, gen­erally transparent and colorless; most are slender, with bodies from 1/100 to l/8 inch long. Only about 10 per­cent of nematodes are estimated to be plant parasites. Nematodes affect plants by damaging the roots, reduc­ing their ability to function. For more information, see:

• Nematode Management in Residential Lawns, IFAS Publication ENY-006, http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/NG039.

• Nematode Management for Perennial Landscape Plants, IFAS Publication ENY-051, http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ IN469.

• The IFAS website:-http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/TOPIC Ornamental Pests.

PLANT DISEASES Plant pathology is the study of plant diseases. Diseases are caused by microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria, and viruses. Some disease symptoms, such as leaf spots and wilting, are easily seen or measured. Others are difficult to observe (for example, root decay) or are very subtle (for example, shorter growth flushes). Detecting the less-obvious symptoms is more difficult when the diseased plant is the only specimen of its kind in the landscape and cannot be compared with a healthy one.

Normally, nonparasitic plant disorders are not included in the study of diseases, but it is still important to rec­ognize them. These disorders include improper planting depth, nutrient imbalances, temperature extremes, toxic chemicals, mechanical injury, water imbalances, and air pollution. Most environmentally induced problems tend to be uniform, whereas disease may show up in spots throughout a field.

For more information on plant disease, see the following:

o IFAS Publication LH064, Key for Identification of Landscape Twjgrass Diseases, at http://edis.ifas.ufl. edu/LH064.

o IFAS Publication LH040, Twjgrass Disease Management, at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/LH040.

DIAGNOSTIC ASSISTANCE The primary role of the Florida Extension Plant Diagnostic Clinics (FEPDC) is to determine whether symptoms in submitted plant samples involve an infectious causal agent, e.g. fungus, bacterium or virus,

or other cultural or environmental factor that causes similar symptoms. The goal of the FEPDC system is to educate clientele by providing plant disease and dis­order diagnoses and recommendations for preventative and therapeutic measures. The FEPDC is a fee-based service provided to any Florida resident by the Plant Pathology Department of the lnstitut~ of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), University of Florida, in conjunction with the Cooperative Extension Service. For more information, the nearest laboratory, and fees, see Sample Submission Guide for Plant Diagnostic Clinics of the Florida Plant Diagnostic Network. Available at: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/SR007.

The UF-IFAS Rapid Turfgrass Diagnostic Service was designed and implemented for managers of high quality turfgrass in Florida. The biggest distinction between this and the standard services provided by the Plant Disease Clinic is the turn-around time for sample results, the direct involvement of the UF Extension Turfgrass Pathologist, and the price charged for the service. The price is $75 (in 2008) and reflects the added costs associated with a full time student dedicat­ed to turfgrass diagnostics with rapid turn-around time. http://turfpa th. if as. ufl.edulturfgrass/rapiddiag.shtml .

• FLORIDA FRIENDLY BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES for Protection of Water Resources by the Green Industries

References ;

Unless otherwise mentioned, references are available from the Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, or your county Cooperative Extension Service agent.

Florida Lawn Handbooh. Trenholm and Unruh, SP45 Third Edition, 2005. http://ifasbooks.ufl.edu/.

Best Management Practices for Enhancement of Environmental Quality on Florida Golf Courses, 2007 Florida Department of Environmental Protection. http :1/www. dep .state. fl. us/wa ter/nonpoint/docs/ nonpoint/glfbmp07 .pdf.

Sample Submission Guide for Plant Diagnostic Clinics of the Fl01ida Plant Diagnostic Networh. Palmateer Et al., 2008. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/SR007.

UF-IFAS Rapid Turfgrass Diagnostic Service. http:/ /turfpa th. if as. ufl. edu/turfgrass/rapiddiag. sh tml.

Aquatic Plant Removal Permits: Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Invasive Plant Management Section. http://myfwc.com/nonnatives/lnvasivePlants/ index.htm.

FDEP NPS Publications Page. http://www.dep.state.fl.us/water/nonpoint/pubs.htm.

Regulation of Landscape Architecture: http://www.myfloridalicense.com/dbpr/pro!larchl.

Regulation of Professional Engineering: http://www.fbpe.org/.

DESIGN & INSTALLATION REFERENCES

PREPARATION Basic Principles of Landscape Design, D.L Ingram, IFAS

Circular 536. http://edis.ifas. ufl.edu/MGQ86.

Prepming To Plant a Florida Lawn, LE. Trenholm, IFAS Publication ENH-02. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/LH012.

Establishing Your Florida Lawn, LE. Trenholm, IFAS Publication ENH-03. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/LH013.

Planting Specifications for Landscape Plants, E.F. Gilman, 2003, IFAS Publication ENH 856. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/EP112.

SELECTION Atlas of Florida Vascular Plants. R.P. Wunderlin and B. F.

·Hansen. 2000. (S.M. Landry and K.N. Campbell

[application development], Florida Center for Community Design and Research). Tampa, Florida: Institute for Systematic Botany, University of South Florida. http://www.plantatlas.usf.edu/default.asp.

IFAS landscape tree and shrub site http://hort.ifas.ufl.edu/woody/.

Guide to the Vascular Plants of Florida. R.P. Wunderlin. 1998. Gainesville, Florida: University Press of Florida.

Selecting a Iiofgrass for Fl01ida Lawns, LE. Trenholm, ].B. Unruh, and J.L. Cisar, IFAS Publication ENH-04. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/LH005.

St. Augustinegrass for Florida Lawns, LE. Trenholm, J.L Cisar, and]. B. Unruh, IFAS Publication ENH-5. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/LH010.

Landscape Plant Selector, IFAS software publication at http://ifasbooks.ufl.edu.

ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSES Environmental Stresses and Your Florida Lawn,

LE. Trenholm, IFAS Publication ENH-153. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/EP070.

Growing Twfgrass in the Shade, LE. Trenholm, IFAS Publication ENH-151. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/EP072.

Minimizing Traffic Damage to Your Florida Lawn, LE. Trenholm, IFAS Publication ENH-152. http://edis. if as. ufl.edu!EP071.

Low Temperature Damage to Twf, LE. Trenholm, IFAS Publication ENH-80. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/LH067.

Managing Your Florida Lawn under Drought Conditions, H. C. Jones, C.S. Lippi, and LE. Trenholm, IFAS Publication ENH-157. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/EP078.

Tips for Maintaining Landscapes During Drought, R.J. Black, IFAS Publication ENH 158. http://edis. if as. ufl.edu!EP091.

IRRIGATION REFERENCES

STANDARDS Landscape liTigation and Florida-Friendly Design

Standards, December 2006, Florida Department of Environmental Protection. http://www.dep.state.fl. us/ water/waterpolicy/docs/LandscapelrrigationFlorida FriendlyDesign.pdf.

Deportment of Environmental Protection- Revised DECEMBER 2008, 2ND PRINTING 2010 II

Florida Building Code- Plumbing, Appendix F. International Code Council 900 Montclair Rd. Birmingham AL, 35213-1206 (205) 599-9871 http://www.floridabuilding.org/BCISOld!bddefault.asp or http://www.iccsafe.org.

Standards and Specifications for Twf and Landscape Irrigation Systems, Fifth Edition. December 2005. Florida Irrigation Society, (800) 441-5341, Address: 9340 56th Street N. Suite 105, Temple Terrace, FL 33617. http://www.fisstate.org/standardsrevision3.pdf.

ASABE Standards -2007. Standards, engineering practices, and data developed and adopted by the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers. 2007. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St. joseph, MO 49085. Telephone (269) 429-0300. http://www.asabe.org /standards/searchpur. html.

National Engineering Handbook Series 210-VI. November 1997. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, Washington D.C., 20013. http://www.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/tech ref.html or http://directives.sc.egov.usda.gov/.

GUIDANCE Turf and Landscape Irrigation Best Management

Practices, April 2005. The Irrigation Association. (703) 536-7080, 6540 Arlington Blvd., Falls Church, VA 22042-6638. http://www.irrigation.org.

Florida Automated Weather Network http://fawn.ifas.ufl.edu.

Irrigation of Lawns and Gardens, D.Z. Haman, G.A. Clark, and A.G. Smajstrla, IFAS Circular 825, May 1989. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/WI003.

Microirrigation in the Landscape, G.A. Clark, IFAS Fact Sheet AE-254. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/AE076.

Field Evaluation of Microirrigation Water Application Uniformity, A.G. Smajstrla, B.]. Boman, D.Z. Haman, D.]. Pitts, andES. Zazueta, IFAS Publication AE094, 1997. http://edis.ifas. ufl.edu/ AE094.

Efficiencies of Florida Agricultural Irrigation Systems, A.G. Smajstrla, B.j. Boman, G.A. Clark, D.Z. Haman, D.S. Harrison, ET. Izuno, D.]. Pitts, and ES. Zazueta, 1991. http://edis.ifas. ufl.edu/ AEllO.

Flushing Procedures for Microinigation Systems, A.G. Smajstrla and B.]. Boman, IFAS Bulletin 333. http://edis.ifas. ufl.edu/WIO 13.

Field Guide to Soil Moisture Sensor Use in Florida, 2008, St. Johns River Water Management District http://www.sjrwrnd.com/floridawaterstar/pdfs/ SMS field guide.pdf.

Irrigating Landscape Plants Dwing Establishment, E.E Gilman, IFAS Publication ENH 857. http://edis.ifas. ufl.edu!EP113.

Lawn Sprinkler Selection and Layout for Unifonn Water Application, A.G. Smajstrla, G.A. Clark, and ES. Zazueta, IFAS Bulletin 230, 1997. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/AE084.

Basic Inigation Scheduling in Flmida, A.G. Smajstrla, B.]. Boman, G.A. Clark, D.Z. Haman, ET. lzuno, andES. Zazueta, IFAS Bulletin 249, 1988. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ AE Ill.

Potential Impacts of Improper Irrigation System Design, A.G. Smajstrla, ES. Zazueta, and D.Z. Haman, IFAS Publication SS-AGE-807, November 1988. http://edis.ifas. ufl.edu/ AE02 7.

How To Calibrate Your Sprinkler System, LE. Trenholm, ].B. Unruh, andj.L Cisar, IFAS Publication ENH 61, january 2001. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/LH026.

Watering Your Fl01ida Lawn, LE. Trenholm,] .B. Unruh, andj.L Cisar, IFAS Publication ENH 9, February 2001. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/LH025.

Florida Irrigation Guide. Gainesville, Florida: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Conservation Service, 2006. http://www.fl.nrcs.usda.gov/.

Turf Irrigation for the Home, ES. Zazueta, A. Brockway, L Landrum, and B. McCarty, IFAS Circular 829, Aprill995. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/AEl44.

Inigation System Controllers, ES. Zazueta, A.G. Smajstrla, and G.A. Clark, IFAS Publication AGE-32, Bulletin 294, july 1994. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/AE077.

MULCHING, MOWING, AND PRUNING REFERENCES Mulches for the Landscape, R.]. Black, E.E Gilman, G.W

Knox, and K.C. Ruppert, IFAS Publication ENH 103. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/MG251.

Mowing Your Florida Lawn, LE. Trenholm, ].B. Unruh, and j.L Cisar, IFAS Fact Sheet ENHlO, january 2001. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/LH028.

Pruning Landscape Trees and Shrubs, E.E Gilman and R.j. Black, IFAS Circular 853. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/MG087.

FLORIDA FRIENDLY BEST MANAGEMENT PRAGICES for Protection of Water Resources by the Green Industries

Pruning Shade Trees in the Landscape at http:/ /hort. if as. ufl.edu/woody!pruningl.

Mangrove Trimming Guidelines for Homeowners. Tallahassee, Florida: Florida Department of Environmental Protection. http://www.dep.state.fl.us/water/wetlands/mangrovesl.

FERliUIAiRON RIEIFIERIENICGES Fertilization and Irrigation Needs for Flmida Lawns and

Landscapes, L.E. Trenholm, E.F Gilman, G.W Knox, and R.j. Black, IFAS Publication ENH 860 2002. http://edis.ifas. ufl.edu/EP 110.

Fettilization Recommendations for Landscape Plants, G.W Knox, T. . Broschat, and R.j. Black, IFAS Publication ENH 858 2002. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/EPll4.

General Recommendations for Fertilization of Turfgrasses on Florida Soils, ].B. Sartain, IFAS Publication SL-21, 2007. http://edis.ifas. ufl.edu/LHO 14.

The Florida Fertilizer Label,] .B. Sartain and WR. Cox, 2002. http://edis.ifas. ufl.edu/SS170.

Seashore Paspalum for Florida Lawns, IFAS Publication CIR 1244, Trenholm and Unruh, 2002. http://edis.ifas. ufl.edu/EP059.

Fertilization of Field-grown and Landscape Palms in Florida, 2005, IFAS Publication ENH 1009. http://edis.ifas. ufl.edu/EP261.

Nutrient Deficiencies of Landscape and Field-grown Palms in Florida, 2005, IFAS Publication ENH 1018. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/EP273.

How to Calibrate Your Fertilizer Spreader, McCarty and Sartain, 2003, IFAS Publication ENH 62, http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/LH024.

Selected Fertilizers Used in Turfgrass Fertilization, ]. Sartain, IFAS Circular CIR-1262, 2001. http://edis.ifas. ufl.edu/SS318.

Soil Testing and Interpretation for Florida Turfgrasses, ].B. Sartain, IFAS Publication SL-181, 2001. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/SS317.

Standardized Fertilization Recommendations for Environmental Horticulture Crops, G. Kidder, E.A. Hanlon, T.H. Yeager, and G.L. Miller, IFAS Publication SLl41, 1998. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/CNOll.

Technical Memorandum-Estimation of Nitrogen Loading from Residential Irrigation, April 2008, Tampa Bay Estuary program. http/lwww. tbeptech.org!Fertilizer/ FertilizerHomePage.html.

Evaluation of Current Stormwater Design Criteria within the State of Florida (Harper and Baker, 2007, FDEP Contract S0108). http://www.dep.state.fl.us/water/nonpointldocs/ nonpoint/SW TreatmentReportFinal 7l907.pdf.

Weather Terminology: http://severe.worldweather.orglrain/ and http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/sew/MediaGuide/Terms Outlooks Watches Wamings.pdf.

PESTICIDE REFERENCES Many documents are available on the Florida Department

of Environmental Protection's Nonpoint Source Management Publications web page at http://www.dep.state.fl.us/water/nonpointlpubs.htm.

FDACS Bureau of Entomology and Pest Control at (850) 921-4177 or at http://www.flaes.org/aes-ent/.

FDACS Bureau of Compliance Monitoring at (850) 488-3314 or at http://www.flaes.org/ complimonitoringlindex.html.

Pesticide and Chemical Reportable Quantities: http://www. floridadisaster. orglcps/SERC!htc 1. htm.

Operation Cleansweep http://www.dep.state.fl.us/waste!categories/ cleansweep-pesticides/.

Best Management Practices for Agrichemical Handling and Fann Equipment Maintenance, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services and Florida Department of Environmental Protection, 1998. http://www.floridaagwaterpolicycom/PDF/Bmps/ Bmp Agrichemica1Equipment1998.pdf.

Agrichemical Handling Facility, Code 309. 2008. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, P. 0. Box 141510, Gainesville, FL 32605. Telephone (352) 338-9555. http://efotg.nrcs.usda.gov/references!public/FV fl309 March 2008.pdf.

Broadcast Boom Sprayer Calibration, T.W Dean, IFAS Pesticide Information Sheet Pl-24. http://edis. if as. ufl.edu/PIO 16.

Broadcast Boom Sprayer Noz:::le Uniformity Checl~. T.W Dean, IFAS Pesticide Information Sheet PI-23. http://edis.ifas. ufl.edu/PIO 15.

Designing Facilities for Pesticide and Fertilizer Containment. MWPS-37. Revised 1995. Midwest Plan Service, 122 Davidson Hall, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-3080. Telephone (515) 294-4337. http://www.mwps.org/.

Department of Environmental Protection- Revised DECEMBER 2008, 2ND PRINTING 2010 II

Diseases of Landscape Woody Omamentals, G. W Simone, PP/PPP 57, http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/PP108.

Key for Identification of Landscape Twfgrass Diseases, M.L Elliott and G.W Simone. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/LH064.

In-depth profiles of insects, nematodes, arachnids and other organisms that are of interest. Featured Creatures at http://creatures.ifas.ufl.edu.

Information on ornamental pests: http://edis.ifas.ufl.eduffOPIC Ornamental Pests.

Integrated Pest Management in the Commercial Omamental Nursery, Mizell and Short, 2006, IFAS Publication ENY-336, http://edis.ifas. ufl.edu/IG 144.

Insect Management on Landscape Plants, E.A. Buss and D.E. Short, IFAS Publication ENY-338. http://edis. if as. ufl. edul /pdffiles/1 Gil GO 1300 .pdf.

Commercial Applications of Insecticides and Miticides in the Green Industry, E.A. Buss, 2006, IFAS Publication ENY-337, http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/IG 145.

Insect Pest Management on Turfgrass, Buss and Turner 2004, http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/IGOOl.

Nematode Management in Residential Lawns, WT. Crow, 2007, IFAS Publication ENY-006, http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/NG039.

Nematode Management for Perennial Landscape Plants, WT. Crow, 2007, IFAS Publication ENY-051, http://edis.ifas. ufl.edu/IN469.

Pesticide Container Rinsing, T.W Dean and O.N. Nesheim. http://edis.ifas. ufl.edu!PI003.

Turfgrass Disease Management, M.L Elliott and G.W Simone. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/LH040.

FLORIDA FRIENDLY BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES for Protection of Water Resources by the Green Industries

APPENDIX A: IMPORTANT H I EPHONE NUMBERS

REPORT THE FOllOWING INFORMATION

• N.unc, add res .tnd It: lcphone l llllllbC I or pet 011 I cporltng

lllllC, ddr , nnd tclcphnne number Of pcr~Oil r~ (lOll thlc f11r the dtschargc 01 rCil.ISC, Jl known • Date ,nHiumc of the dtschargl! or release • l p 01 n.unc of the ub tancl diScharged or released • I uma1cd umoum olthc chsch.ugc or release • I oc.tuon or adclrc c•l the chschargc or rrlea~. • ourcc 1111cl c~n•s ol the dt charge (lr release • Stzc md d1o1rn t\:lt 11cs of the ue,t tflectcd h · 1hc dt ch.ugl: or r lc,t l

• Cclltlllllllll:llt ar1d ck utup uctton tt~ken to datt

• Ulla: • pet sOil~ (II ugcnu c•HliBClt d

EMERGENCY REPORTING TELEPHONE NUMBERS ---- - ------- - --- --------- -

I ur .\mhul.tnn·, I Ill', ur Pol it l '

Dtal•) II

S t,Hl' \\',trnmg Pcunt 24 hour" loll I fl:l! • I (800) 3.W 051Y

l>t p.lllmt•nt of Commu1111 ,\H.'"'• 01\ l 'i iCHt of I mcrgl' llC\ \l ,magl' llll'nl (850) 413 Q911

~atmn.tl Rc·.,pun .. ~ Clrlll't 24 hQurs Toll-! rcc • 1 ( 00) 42 8802

(/r.cl, ralla\\ rr.qtlln~\ rhur Hll\ 0111 \\ lw rrlc(t~C\ 11110 tht 1'11\ uOIIIIICtll a rrJIOrtahlr. qwuuu of cr lwzw.lous .suh.stcmcr. [111c/wl lrrg 011 '"''" natrr I 01 IIW) br tl})cacd}, or tl murcnalidmrifir.cl liS a mmutc JIDIIurant, num unm•dltllc I nolij rht UC:)

fl)l PI mc r~~ nn H~ '(HIIl'o~

ja ksoll\ tile (9lH) 807-32'\h

Orl,uulo {·Hl7) 8Y3 rrn l t l.ullllc ul.tlc

(ll5·0 ll58-'5'i7)

It \1\l:r (13Y) 312-b<175

hunpa (813) 7H 64h2

Pamuna ( II)

{850) 872-7650

Pensaco In (850) 595 8300

Tnllaha cc (R50) 245 2010

HELP UNE TELEPHONE NUMBERS

( I or chl mt• 11 h.t u d mlnrm.111on ( ll f. \11 Rl ( 110 1 I 1'\1 ( luwtgtnq nnl))

2f huuro, loll I ll · • I (HllO I P I (.J 300

-

NON-EMERGENCY TELEPHONE NUMBERS

State Emergency Rcspon$0 Comm1ss1on ( 01 n 21 hour number) I (SOt)) 6'\5-717Q

I Ius ulrphcmt: numbrr h fm } lim' up rrpmung undo sttllr

pill It pc lllng rc c}llhnnrnl\ In an rmrrgcn call thr tatr \\umlng l'ofnl (set f::mr.rgrnn Rrpcrdng TdrpJwnr Numbt-u til drr l''rwlrng pagd If frdrral rrporung rs rrc1ulrrd also callthr ~atlarral RMpon r Cmm l~r.r l rnrrgr nQ Rt-pmtrng Trlcl'hcuc Nulllfr, rs on tltr prtltdlng 1wgr.

Flondo Fncndly Landscapes Program nt\Cr II) ol llo11rlt (152) 273-4520

Flonda Department of Agrrculturc and Consumer Scrvrccs

B111cau ul I nturnolog} .utd I'Lf>t <. onuol

llurc.tu of l'csttodcs

Buh:all of Cornph.mcc lonnotlng

{850) 617-7~N7

(R •0) 487 t)'i32

{R50) 488-8711

Florrda Dcportm nl of Envrronmcntal Protection rormwatcr/Nonpolllt our~:e

l\l,lllagcmclll ctlon (Totllah. s c:c) (850) 245-7508

llnz.. rdou \\ 11stc

I, nagcmcnt c Uon ( 50} 245-8707

l\f,mgrO\c lr1mmlng ~cuon (t>SO) 245·H482

Flondo Deportment of Env1ronmentol Prot ct1on 01~tnct Off1ces

onll\\ c t (l'cnsacol.r) (850} Jl)5.8300

orrhcru.t Oncksom till'} ( Q(H) 8tH- BllO

Central (Orlando) ( 407) SYi-7~ >'5

Southeast (\\c l ratrn 11\4 ch) (561) 6til 6tl00

!)outlm c;a ( lunp.t)

outh (T I 1\l )CI } (239) 3 U-h97'i

Water Manogcm nt D1slncts !.uu\1 .llil!dm:

Nllltlm~M llouda (I all.thasst•c) (850) 5 ')U.'jl)q9

ll\\anncc HI\ r (Lt\C Oak) ( 386) ~t)2-1 001 1-800-.!.!h-ll)(tfi

t Johns R1\cr (Palatka) (3 6) 329-4 00 1-800-4;) 1-71t)h

outll\\c t llond.t (Brooks' tile) (352) 7Q6-721l ) -800-423-147fl

South I lond. (\\ ~st l'.tlm Ileac h) (5t>l) t18h-8800 1-800-43.!·2lH5

Sunshrno Stat One Coli (locator $Crvrce) 811 01 80(1 432 t770 u .. 1

• FLORIDA ff.!ll"NDI.Y BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES lot Prot 1101\ ol Waror llesoorc by tho Gtecn lndud••m

APPl:NDIX 8: I LORIDA COOPERATIV£ EXH!'.~ION S£RVIC [ J HI: PilON£ NUMBER~

County City Telephone -- -

\l,•chua Game '•lie (152) () >:.>·l·l02

ll.•kcr Macclcnn} (Q04) 259-)';,2.0

II a Panama Cll) (850) 784-6lll5

1\r 1dlord tarkc (904) Q66 tl224

1\rC\"ard COL"O!I (32 1) ()3~-1702

Bro\\anl f),,\IC (954) 37l)· H25

C:tllwun Bloum to'' n (850) o7-t-8'3B

C htulotll.: Punta (inrd.t (9·11 ) 764-·13·!0

Clltll lnHTIICS" (352) 527-'>71)0

'·') loiCcn CO\l' ptiflg<; (Q04) .HH·(,)5 >

Collll'r .tpll' (lJl)) 353 ·ll+l

olumbm l.akt II) (3~n) 752- >38 I

D.•dc !lome tl·ad (305) 248 331 I

D OlO Am1d1a (863) t)l)) 4846

fk'\IC Cro Cit> (352) 49 1237

Dll\-al jncksomtlle (904) 387- 50

I ambt:t PensacoJ,, (ll50) 475 5230

flagler nun nell (386) 437-74tl"''

I r.tnldht Apal.tchlcola (850) 653 'H'l7

.. HI den QlllnC) (850) 87"' 72:>5

t.•lclul.,l I renhm (352) ·161 3 17 I

(,J.HICS \loorc lit\ rn (A63) tl4(1 Ol t'l

<, ulf \\'C\\1Ihll hi ,I {R5l1} o ~N 3.Wll

11.11111 hun h• per (18Cl) 792-l.Htl

I l.mlrc \\.wchul.1 (8o3) 773-2104

I kml!) I .. •Bcllc (863) ()74-4092

llcrrr,tlldo Brooks,illc (352) 754 44)3

lhghland~ cbrlng (8b3) 38tH>540

I hll borough IT ncr (813) 744-5 >19

Holmrs nontf.•> (850) 547-1108

lndum RI\Cr \cro Hench (772) 770-5030

J.l kson Mananna ( 50) 482-9620

Jl'lfcrson ~IOIIIIClllO (8'>0) 342-0187

l..tf,l) CIH Mli)O (38tl} 294-1274

I tkl I,,, .11 ~s (352) :\H-4101

IH It ~I cr' (239) 531-1327

Dl!portmont of El'tVlronrneNal ~~ 101'1- RIWo-l OC< EMSER 2008, 2ND PRINnNG 2010 II

I Cllll

I C\'Y

ltb rty

\ladtson

Manatee

Mnriou

Murttn

Morum

Nns<>,tu

Okn·dwh~:c

Orange

Osccol.t

Palm Bc.tch

Pn o

l'mcllas

Polk

l'ulnam

l J~•lmc;

St I \ICII'

.IUISillll

C II llrltllc

trrntc.r

Su\\ .umc~.:

Ia) lor

Un~on

\vlu Ill

\\,tkulla

\\',,It on

\\'.tslungt\111

l.tllaha .,c e

Bronson

Hruwl

Madtson

l'almcuo

Ocala

"tuart

Kc) \\est

Cullnhnn

\ulr.l

CllSI\Il\\

(.tit· phone)

Okre( hobtc

Orl.llldO

Ktsstrnmec

\\' 1 Palm Ucnch

Dade Ctt)

C\\ Port RtchC\

Largo

Ban ow

l..nst Pal tka

1 \ugustmc

I 011 1'1cr c

P<lll ~I I UCil'

Mtlton

Sar.1sotn

sanford

au hncll

I..J\t! O.rk

Pen.,

Lake Outler

Dcl.and

Da) tonn lkach

f'c\\ m) rna Beach

Cra\\ fmd\ tile

lkl unl.rk pnng

Chrple)

~~ f10R DA fRIENDlY BE'ST MANAC£Ml:NT PRACTlCES lor Prol«tlon of Water RMOUrtet by the Gteen lodu'"""

(~50) t>Otl·':ilOO

(152) 4~o-5J31

(850) 643-222Q

(850) on 1138

(941) 722..ot'i24

052} o71-8400

(772) 1Ht-1-'ih5'1

(3(l>) 2112-4501

('>04) 8N-10 1Q

(l>O 1) 'Wi-l li 11

(HSO) 6HY-'5R"i0

(A50) 729-1400 :o.;'lH >0

(flh3) 7h1 !J lhO

{•107) 254 Yl0l)

('321) 697-3000

(Sol) 233-1700

(352) ':i21-·t288

(727) 847-8177

(727) 582-2100

(8tl3) 519-8~77

{186) 329 0118

(QO, > 2tw.o-no

(772) 4hl·l (l()O

(772) 3 37-51\tiot

(R50) o21-1RM~

(9•!1) Rh 1-'5000

( W7) hb':i·0311

052) 7\l)-2728

0B6) 31>2-2771

{850) 838- 3'50~

(3Bo) 4%-2.321

('38o) 822-5778

(3Btl) 257-6012

{38h) 123-33()8

(850) 92o-3Q31

(850) 892-8172

(8'l0) 6~H·t>IHO

APPENDIX C: RULE SE-1.003(2) LABELING REQUIREM ENT f OR UP ,,\ TURf I ERTIUZERS

Effective Dec 31 , 2007

(2) II H IlliZI R I.ABI I Rl QUIRt \II ~ r~ tOR l RB \N ll Rl, POIU ll IU l lR I.A\\ 1'-:

(,t) ()d lOIII( IIlS

I lJrlJ.'IIl huf" 111 ~ l,a\\llS 111\:.m, non ,agnlul-tur II land pl.uunl 111 close I~ ntm\ cd man.tgcd gruc;s~ l'XCt pi ~oil cour c.s, parks .tnd .uhletrc Itt Ids

l MSp(lrtS ltu r lllCiliiS 1\tlll ugrtnrltur.lll.tnd pl.tntl"d ext lust\ t•h ft~t go II wur'~'• park., and ut hit' lit ftdds

l ~No Phusph.llt' lt•rllhza" rnt'oiO.., lt·rul•z~ • prmltH IS\\ llh pho,ph.ttc ll'H'I'i below l) ';% amcndrd feu 1 •a.thltc;lu d 111h.111 turf ur l.twnc;.

l11\\ Phosphate I cllrhzn" mc.ms lcruhzcr prt~tllll:l til It ntkd lm m \\ or C.'>t.thli .. hcJ urb.m turl nr l,t\\115, wuh phn,ph.tte lnd:. t:ttu,tl hl or ,thm c () >% or ,1 prm klt-d 111 p.tra~r .1ph (2)( h)

'j I uta I crllhzcr· me.rns I rcrllhzcr lorrnul.tt• ed lm a tntc ttlllt' .tpphcauon :u planung nr nc.tr th.tt tune 10 ~:ncour.tgc root gro\\ th .md ( nhancc tlw lllllt.tl l'Muhh hmertt

h 1 ~tthhshcd l rban lurf" rnranc; urh.111 turf oldt•r 1 han I '1. 1111111th~

7 "Nt'\\ l 1 h.1n I uri" lll('.tn.., 111 h.u1 turf , ... t.1h· ho,hetl Irs:. 1 h.tn I '1. tnont J.,

(h) I c rtth::t'l pttlthtt" l.tht·h·d f,ll ll'>l' on ~porl'o turf , wh.m tudor l,t\\11' sh.tll hl nu phn'>ph.IIL' ur ltm phttsph.llt ,tlld h.t\l' l.tbdmg th.u meet' the tl'~llll:tll>ns ,., forth 111 tins rule lm tht• ·•rph t ·

111111 of IIIII Clgt II

I No pho plt.ttt' krultzcrs -.h,tll 11111 wnt.un mor~ t h.111 0 5% of •" ul.thlt pho plr:u, r xprc ~J ,,.., 1'2( l) l'hc "gr.ulc" ~h.tllmda 111 a zero guarunt(l'

2 I crtaltzt 1 l.thclt•d us '''" phe~.,ph.m• 5h.tll lta\c 11 t' dtrccllons th.u do nut c'<(l'd an .tpph-.ttHll1 r.llt of 0 25 lh PlOsflOOOftl pr1 nppltC"ol·

11(111 olllll 1101 Ill CXCtCd 0 50 lb ... 1'20ylOOOft2 rxr \CUI l,.thrl \1 C dill liOIIS Ulol\ he llld\IO(J that .tlltl\\ IHgl11 r r tc.s tl un 111nual otl sunplc rt prc­Sl'llhllt\'l' fur till' slit lum' the nt·rd lm u lugh\:t .tppht.lllllll r ,111

3 ll'rtthzt·•~ l.th<'lt•tl ,t.,, or lurmul.ucd lor u.,,. ·'"· 't.Hit'l ll'llrliZl'l o;h,tll h,t\t' ll"l' dtr~CIIOO'> th.tt do

nut cxucd an ~pplt('atlon r.ue of I lllh uf l'lO:/l.llOO ft2. nd that '>uh-.c4Lll'nl upphc,rlltlllS hall he IIU1tk '' 11h pHldu'" mt•ctntg th1· tldtnt·

111111 of I 0\\ or No l'ho ph.llt lntrh~rr I ht• h 1111 ~ll'Uit 1 I t•nrhz(r " h.rll he p.trt IJ(Ihc

hr and 11.111\l'

"1. lnuh:ar l.tbdcd ·'' urh.111 lllrl, <.purl'> turl, or l.t\\ n It rultzrr ~h.tll h.wc thtl'CIIun-. lor \1\1' fill mtrugt·n th.u

Spectes

,, \11 con..,t-.tl'l\l wlth Llw ll.:rommt•nd.t· ttc•ns tn tht fnllnwtng tabk

In i for &tobloshcd lurfgrou lawns In n., l!egoon\ of Florida

N'trogen rocommoodohons (lbs N /1000 h' I yoor) '

North C~~ntral South

Bohrogrou 2·3 2 4 2 4

Bermuda gran 35 46 5·7

Cent pede gran 1·2 23 23

St Auguutne gnm 2·.d 25 4 6

Zoystogran 35 36 <1 6

North florida II nanf, ol Ocalo Cmtrt>l Florida IS defoned 0$ _,It, ol Ocala 10 o I n<1 Wendong from Vmo lleodo 10 :Jampa Soolh floriclo Includes the fomoon ng south<:m pot110n ollhe ®~

h Nil re~gl'll sh.lll IIIII Ill' .tppltcd .II olll

otppltl,ltiUil I IIC gll;ltl'l th;lll 0 .7 Jh., nf H',itlth: ,1\,lll.thlt• nitrogen pet IOOOit 1 .11

'"" tllll' ltllll' h,t..,cd on till' 'nlubll lt.I<IIOil nffc,trnul.ttcd lt•rtllt:t•r, '' 11h no murt· t h.ll I lh tnt.d N Jll'r 1000 ft 2 to lw •'PJlllt'tl oll 311) Clr\C lllllt' ,H\I.f nut Ill l'XCCt'd till' :1111111.tl nurugcn tCt;Oilllllt'ndntiOns 111 tlw I crttltzutte~n C.Utddtnc ror I t.thlt ht•d lurlg1n'~ I '" n ... tn llun· Rcgwns ol I lomln, ct forth hcrtlll Usc Ulrl'cllnn lor nil mgt' II ma} he mcllll..lnl 1 h.ll .tllo\\ haghcr rate tl nn annual "'"Ut' 'ampk tC(lll'c;t'lltllll\l' u[ thl' Silt' .. hem the tll'l't.l lor n lught r .tpplrl.lttnn rat~

5 1111' follm\ ang lungu.tgc hall nppc.n < on .. ptt'· uously 1111 hags nl krttltzt•r -.old at rct011l "Do nut applr rtt•ar \\;'th'r, '>totrn dr.11n.., ur dr.un.tgc tludw.s lh• ""' .tppl~ tf lw. 'Y rain,., 1 ' lw• tn..l Appl} 1111., pwdut.:t unlr w yt~ur l..twn/ K.trtkn. .tnt! '-\H'Cp .Ill) product that land., on tht·

Depor1mflnt ol &woronman!OI PrOioctoon- R~osed DECEMBER 2008, 2ND PRINIING 2010 II

EMERGENCY REPORTING TELEPHONE NUMBERS

I ' " \mhul.llltt. I II\', 1H l'uiiH'

t.tH' \\,mung Point 24 hours 1otl-1 n c

(), partmcnt of •mmun•t) ~flatr;, llt\ lsiOII or I mcrgcnn 1anagem( Ill

N, liOn. I R pt•ttsc tllh.:r

O•.tl l) I I

(850) 41 3 <)ll I I

l HOO 424-8802

(/,ell lcr//111\ 111/llfrc'5 th111 <Ill Ollr. \\hfl lriUISO lltl(llhl Cll\IIOIIItlf Ill <I 11/1<11/llhfl ljiWIIIIh of Cl iltl;:illrfriiiS ~~~"~fllllf I

(1111111!1111g ,,jj \\11111 ~Hill 1 I.S 111 lltcl !11 (lj/r c I tel/, (ll 11 ltlclh r 111/1 frrulflc d cl:> '' 111111111r t•c•lllltu/11, llllhl llllllh clhll• h ruur/) till NIU )

I Dl I' I llll'l g1 111 \ Rl·..,pnn-.~

).II k.o.,nn\ lilt

-- -

( l1l,lfldo

I I I llldt id.th It M)CIS

l.unp:l l'.lll,llllil ( ll)

l'111 .1u•l.1 t .llli!h.« cc

HELP LINE TELEPHONE NUMBERS (for chemical hazard information)

(l)tl l ) A07 n !<1 (•107) IN\ \ ~ \7 { l) ) I) ll ,li-'5> 7'5 (Bll) ru ''"7 > (81 3) 7-H tHhl (lbO) 87.!-7Cn0 (810) 'N >·fHOO (850) 245 lO I 0

t Ill r-.111{1 II II INI (I ~t~ergenC) tlllh 24 hoUJ h•ll I rcc 1 800-424 <noo

Daportmmt ol Envuonmentol Pro! hon - RNotod DECEMI\ER 2008, 2ND PR NT NG 2010 II