Florence Nightingale was the daughter of Florence Nightingale was the daughter of a well-to-do family in England. They a well-to-do family in England. They wanted her to become a socialite * ; to wanted her to become a socialite * ; to learn to give big parties and serve tea. learn to give big parties and serve tea. Florence, however, had other plans. Florence, however, had other plans. When she told them she didn't want this When she told them she didn't want this kind of life, her parents became very kind of life, her parents became very angry and her sister went into hysterics * angry and her sister went into hysterics *

By the time she was 12, she was determined to "do By the time she was 12, she was determined to "do something worthwhile". She liked books. She enjoyed something worthwhile". She liked books. She enjoyed caring for sick farmers on her father's estate. Once she caring for sick farmers on her father's estate. Once she even saved the life of an old shepherd's dog that had even saved the life of an old shepherd's dog that had broken its leg. broken its leg.

At the age of 16, she was sure that God was calling her At the age of 16, she was sure that God was calling her to serve others. She used every spare minute to learn to serve others. She used every spare minute to learn from nursing books she had secretly obtained. She from nursing books she had secretly obtained. She visited hospitals in London and the surrounding area.visited hospitals in London and the surrounding area.

Her parents didn't want her working in those "dirty" Her parents didn't want her working in those "dirty" hospitals, but she was determined. They did many things hospitals, but she was determined. They did many things to try to change her mind. Her sister pretended to have to try to change her mind. Her sister pretended to have fainting spells. Her mother accused her of being immoral fainting spells. Her mother accused her of being immoral * .* .

She finally reached an agreement with her She finally reached an agreement with her father. If he would let her go to Kaiserwerth (KI father. If he would let her go to Kaiserwerth (KI zer wirth) hospital in Germany to study, she zer wirth) hospital in Germany to study, she wouldn't tell anyone her plans. This way, her wouldn't tell anyone her plans. This way, her family wouldn't have to be "embarrassed" * by family wouldn't have to be "embarrassed" * by her actions.her actions.She was an excellent student, and after her She was an excellent student, and after her graduation, she returned to London and got a graduation, she returned to London and got a job running a hospital.job running a hospital.

During the Crimean (cry ME un) War, she was During the Crimean (cry ME un) War, she was put in charge of nursing. She went to the put in charge of nursing. She went to the battlefield with 38 nurses. The hospital was a battlefield with 38 nurses. The hospital was a huge, dirty barracks * building. She got men huge, dirty barracks * building. She got men to clean it up and managed to get the to clean it up and managed to get the supplies they needed. supplies they needed.

She carried a lamp as she walked the halls of She carried a lamp as she walked the halls of the battlefield hospital and became known as the battlefield hospital and became known as the "lady with the lamp".the "lady with the lamp".

She saved thousands of lives. People called her a She saved thousands of lives. People called her a ministering angel in the hospitals, but she herself became ministering angel in the hospitals, but she herself became ill with a disease she got there.ill with a disease she got there.

In her later years she was not able to travel, but people In her later years she was not able to travel, but people came to came to herher from all over the world for her advice. from all over the world for her advice.

During the Civil War, the United States asked her advice During the Civil War, the United States asked her advice about setting up military hospitals.about setting up military hospitals.

She became known as the founder * of modern nursing.She became known as the founder * of modern nursing.

1788 1788 Frances Smith ("Fanny"), FN's Frances Smith ("Fanny"), FN's mother born. She is one of ten children mother born. She is one of ten children born to an active liberal politician. The born to an active liberal politician. The parents were Unitarians and fabulously parents were Unitarians and fabulously wealthy. Frances said of her and her wealthy. Frances said of her and her siblings that they never worked a day in siblings that they never worked a day in their lives and just played and had fun. their lives and just played and had fun. They all lived to be very old.They all lived to be very old.

1794 1794 William Edward Shore ("W.E.N."), William Edward Shore ("W.E.N."), FN's father born. He assumed the name FN's father born. He assumed the name Nightingale to get his inheritance.Nightingale to get his inheritance.

1798 1798 MaryMary ShoreShore,, FN's aunt "Mai" FN's aunt "Mai" (pronounced "my"), born. She marries (pronounced "my"), born. She marries Fanny's brother Mr. Samuel Smith. Their Fanny's brother Mr. Samuel Smith. Their son, William Shore Smith (whom FN called son, William Shore Smith (whom FN called "my boy Shore"), was the heir, after his "my boy Shore"), was the heir, after his mother, to the entailed land at Embley and mother, to the entailed land at Embley and Lea Hurst, in default of a son to Mr. Lea Hurst, in default of a son to Mr. Nightingale.Nightingale.

1820 1820 May 12, FN born in Florence May 12, FN born in Florence (Firenze), Italy, in the Villa Colombaia, (Firenze), Italy, in the Villa Colombaia, near the Porta Romana.near the Porta Romana.

1821 1821 The Nightingale family returns to England The Nightingale family returns to England and tries to settle down in W.E.N.'s inherited and tries to settle down in W.E.N.'s inherited property in Derbyshire. The Derby county property in Derbyshire. The Derby county property had an active lead smelter (1760-1935) property had an active lead smelter (1760-1935) which W.E.N. managed and owned. W.E.N. had which W.E.N. managed and owned. W.E.N. had a new house built for the family in the village of a new house built for the family in the village of Lea and the the family lived there until 1823. The Lea and the the family lived there until 1823. The home was called home was called LeaLea HurstHurst and served as a and served as a summer home to the Nightingales for the rest of summer home to the Nightingales for the rest of FN's life.FN's life.

1825 1825 The Nightingales move to a mansion The Nightingales move to a mansion named named EmbleyEmbley ParkPark in the parish of Wellow, in in the parish of Wellow, in Hampshire. This is the site of FN's grave. This Hampshire. This is the site of FN's grave. This becomes the family's main home with Lea Hurst becomes the family's main home with Lea Hurst as a summer home. as a summer home. W.E.N. begins to seriously educate the girls W.E.N. begins to seriously educate the girls himself.himself.1837 1837 February 7, God spoke to her at February 7, God spoke to her at Embley; "God called her to His service" but she Embley; "God called her to His service" but she is not clear on how to "serve" Him.is not clear on how to "serve" Him.September, the family travels to Europe while September, the family travels to Europe while Embley is being remodeled. She meets Mary Embley is being remodeled. She meets Mary Clarke ("Clarkey") in Paris.Clarke ("Clarkey") in Paris.

1845 1845 FN wants to work and train at Salisbury Infirmary FN wants to work and train at Salisbury Infirmary nearby. Because of the reputation of nursing in that day, nearby. Because of the reputation of nursing in that day, Mama and Parthe are horrified. A cultured lady of that Mama and Parthe are horrified. A cultured lady of that day did not enter in hospital work."To be a good nurse day did not enter in hospital work."To be a good nurse one must be a good woman, or one is truly nothing but a one must be a good woman, or one is truly nothing but a tinkling bell."tinkling bell."1846 1846 Lord Ashley tells her about the Lord Ashley tells her about the government reports called Blue Books. She starts to government reports called Blue Books. She starts to become a self-taught expert on hospitals and become a self-taught expert on hospitals and sanitation.sanitation.1847 1847 Spring, Richard Monckton Milnes wants Spring, Richard Monckton Milnes wants her to marry him. She is approaching a mental her to marry him. She is approaching a mental breakdown. Selina (" ") and Charles Bracebridge take breakdown. Selina (" ") and Charles Bracebridge take her to Rome with them. She meets Elizabeth ("Liz") and her to Rome with them. She meets Elizabeth ("Liz") and Sidney Herbert.Sidney Herbert.1848 1848 FN attends the opening of Sidney FN attends the opening of Sidney Herbert's Charmouth convalescent home and her Herbert's Charmouth convalescent home and her expertise is recognized.expertise is recognized.

1849 1849 After seven years of waiting, Milnes is After seven years of waiting, Milnes is given a final answer of no to his proposal of given a final answer of no to his proposal of marriage. After much agonizing, she concludes marriage. After much agonizing, she concludes that she could not have "work" of her own if she that she could not have "work" of her own if she chooses to follow her heart into this society chooses to follow her heart into this society marriage. Marriage would destroy her chance of marriage. Marriage would destroy her chance of serving God's call.serving God's call.1849 1849 December, she December, she accompanies the Bracebridges on a accompanies the Bracebridges on a triptrip downdown thethe NileNile in Egypt and Greece. She is near in Egypt and Greece. She is near breakdown.breakdown.

1851 1851 From July 6-October 7 she is again at Kaiserswerth From July 6-October 7 she is again at Kaiserswerth not as a guest but as a probationer (student). As a not as a guest but as a probationer (student). As a probationer she writes her probationer she writes her CurriculumCurriculum VitaeVitae where she where she talks about her sickly childhood (something she shared talks about her sickly childhood (something she shared with Milnes) and weak wrists. She never returns home to with Milnes) and weak wrists. She never returns home to live.live.1853 1853 Her father gives her a yearly allowance of Her father gives her a yearly allowance of 500 500 poundspounds ($40-50,000 by today's standards). ($40-50,000 by today's standards).FN writes FN writes "Cassandra""Cassandra"March, God again spoke to FN and "asked me (FN) March, God again spoke to FN and "asked me (FN) would I do good for him alone without the reputation." would I do good for him alone without the reputation." She decides to serve Him by serving the "sick poor."She decides to serve Him by serving the "sick poor."FN went into residence in her first "situation" as FN went into residence in her first "situation" as superintendent of An Establishment for Gentlewomen superintendent of An Establishment for Gentlewomen During Illness at no. 1 Upper Harley Street, from August During Illness at no. 1 Upper Harley Street, from August 12, 1853 to October, 1854.12, 1853 to October, 1854.

FN on the eve of her FN on the eve of her departuredeparture

1854 1854 England, France and Sardinia come to the aid of Turkey England, France and Sardinia come to the aid of Turkey against Russia: against Russia: TheThe CrimeanCrimean WarWar..God speaks again to FN.God speaks again to FN.October: through the first October: through the first warwar correspondentscorrespondents,, the public the public learns of needs of wounded soldiers. Sidney Herbert, as learns of needs of wounded soldiers. Sidney Herbert, as Secretary at War, asks her to go nurse British soldiers. She Secretary at War, asks her to go nurse British soldiers. She assembles a party of assembles a party of 38 38 nursesnurses,, makes them sign makes them sign contractscontracts,, gives them gives them uniformsuniforms,, and goes to Turkey to the Barrack and goes to Turkey to the Barrack Hospital. This is her opportunity, her grand experiment, to Hospital. This is her opportunity, her grand experiment, to show the value of female nurses in military hospitals. Assured show the value of female nurses in military hospitals. Assured of abundant supplies and splendid facilities, her nurses walk of abundant supplies and splendid facilities, her nurses walk into horror. There is nothing. Doctors' resistance is broken into horror. There is nothing. Doctors' resistance is broken down by the sheer enormity of the calamity. The day after they down by the sheer enormity of the calamity. The day after they arrive, the Hospital begins arrive, the Hospital begins receivingreceiving thethe woundedwounded from the from the Battle of Inkerman. Flo emerges a heroine to the troops and Battle of Inkerman. Flo emerges a heroine to the troops and public back home. She is the subject of songs and poems.public back home. She is the subject of songs and poems.

The party that went with Miss Nightingale to Turkey to The party that went with Miss Nightingale to Turkey to nurse the wounded and sick English soldiers had 38 nurse the wounded and sick English soldiers had 38 women. Of those 38 one was FN herself; one was Mrs. women. Of those 38 one was FN herself; one was Mrs. Clarke who was a "housekeeper" for Miss Nightingale; one Clarke who was a "housekeeper" for Miss Nightingale; one group was Catholic nuns from the Bermondsey Convent in group was Catholic nuns from the Bermondsey Convent in London wearing black habits; one group was Catholic nuns London wearing black habits; one group was Catholic nuns from an orphanage in Norwood wearing white habits; one from an orphanage in Norwood wearing white habits; one group were from Miss Sellon's order of "sisters" called group were from Miss Sellon's order of "sisters" called "Sellonites"; they wore black habits. The rest were hospital "Sellonites"; they wore black habits. The rest were hospital nurses wearing the one-size-fits-all uniform designed by nurses wearing the one-size-fits-all uniform designed by Miss Nightingale for the trip. The civilian nurses got paid by Miss Nightingale for the trip. The civilian nurses got paid by the government but the religious "sisters" did not get paid. the government but the religious "sisters" did not get paid. Their expenses were paid by their "church" or "order." The Their expenses were paid by their "church" or "order." The sisters had almost no experience at nursing at all. sisters had almost no experience at nursing at all.

A A poem from the famous English satirical poem from the famous English satirical magazine magazine PunchPunch published during the time published during the time of the Crimean War, 1854-1856, when Miss of the Crimean War, 1854-1856, when Miss Florence Nightingale and her nurses were Florence Nightingale and her nurses were nursing English Soldiers for the first time nursing English Soldiers for the first time in English history. Since this poem is 150 in English history. Since this poem is 150 years old, the language, the punctuation, years old, the language, the punctuation, and the spelling may be unfamiliar; you and the spelling may be unfamiliar; you may need to use a dictionary. may need to use a dictionary.

The Nightingale's Song to the Sick SoldierThe Nightingale's Song to the Sick Soldier Listen, soldier, to the tale of the tender nightingale,Listen, soldier, to the tale of the tender nightingale,

'Tis a charm that soon will ease your wounds so cruel,'Tis a charm that soon will ease your wounds so cruel,Singing medicine for your pain, in a sympathetic strain,Singing medicine for your pain, in a sympathetic strain,With a jug, jug, jug of lemonade or gruel. With a jug, jug, jug of lemonade or gruel.

Singing bandages and lint; salve and cerate without stint,Singing bandages and lint; salve and cerate without stint,Singing plenty both of liniment and lotion,Singing plenty both of liniment and lotion,And your mixtures pushed about, and the pills for you And your mixtures pushed about, and the pills for you served out,served out,With alacrity and promptitude of motion.With alacrity and promptitude of motion.

Singing light and gentle hands, and a nurse who Singing light and gentle hands, and a nurse who understandsunderstandsHow to manage every sort of application,How to manage every sort of application,From a poultice to a leech; whom you haven't got to From a poultice to a leech; whom you haven't got to teachteachThe way to make a poppy fomentationThe way to make a poppy fomentation. .

Singing pillow for you, smoothed; smart and ache Singing pillow for you, smoothed; smart and ache and anguish smoothed,and anguish smoothed,By the readiness of feminine invention;By the readiness of feminine invention;Singing fever's thirst allayed, and the bed you've Singing fever's thirst allayed, and the bed you've tumbled made,tumbled made,With a cheerful and considerate attention. With a cheerful and considerate attention.

Singing succour to the brave, and a rescue from Singing succour to the brave, and a rescue from the grave,the grave,Hear the nightingale that's come to the Crimea,Hear the nightingale that's come to the Crimea,'Tis a nightingale as strong in her heart as in her 'Tis a nightingale as strong in her heart as in her song,song,To carry out so gallant an idea.To carry out so gallant an idea.

The Barrack Hospital today

The graveyard near the Hospital

The Nurses’ UniformThe Nurses’ Uniform

The famous poem in which Henry Wadsworth Longfellow coins The famous poem in which Henry Wadsworth Longfellow coins the term "lady with the lamp." Saint Philomena is a patron of the the term "lady with the lamp." Saint Philomena is a patron of the sick. sick.

Santa Filomena Santa Filomena Whene'er a noble deed is wrought,Whene'er a noble deed is wrought,

Whene'er is spoken a noble thought,Whene'er is spoken a noble thought,   Our hearts, in glad surprise,   Our hearts, in glad surprise,   To higher levels rise.    To higher levels rise.

The tidal wave of deeper soulsThe tidal wave of deeper soulsInto our inmost being rolls,Into our inmost being rolls,   And lifts us unawares   And lifts us unawares   Out of all meaner cares.    Out of all meaner cares.

Honor to those whose words or deedsHonor to those whose words or deedsThus help us in our daily needs,Thus help us in our daily needs,   And by their overflow   And by their overflow   Raise us from what is low!   Raise us from what is low!

Thus thought I, as by night I readThus thought I, as by night I readOf the great army of the dead,Of the great army of the dead,   The trenches cold and damp,   The trenches cold and damp,   The starved and frozen camp,--    The starved and frozen camp,--

The wounded from the battle-plain,The wounded from the battle-plain,In dreary hospitals of pain,In dreary hospitals of pain,   The cheerless corridors,   The cheerless corridors,   The cold and stony floors.    The cold and stony floors.

Lo! in that house of miseryLo! in that house of miseryA lady with a lamp I seeA lady with a lamp I see   Pass through the glimmering gloom,   Pass through the glimmering gloom,   And flit from room to room.    And flit from room to room.

And slow, as in a dream of bliss,And slow, as in a dream of bliss,The speechless sufferer turns to kissThe speechless sufferer turns to kiss   Her shadow, as it falls   Her shadow, as it falls   Upon the darkening walls.    Upon the darkening walls.

As if a door in heaven should beAs if a door in heaven should beOpened and then closed suddenly,Opened and then closed suddenly,   The vision came and went,   The vision came and went,   The light shone and was spent.    The light shone and was spent.

On England's annals, through the longOn England's annals, through the longHereafter of her speech and song,Hereafter of her speech and song,   That light its rays shall cast   That light its rays shall cast   From portals of the past.    From portals of the past.

A Lady with a Lamp shall standA Lady with a Lamp shall standIn the great history of the land,In the great history of the land,   A noble type of good,   A noble type of good,   Heroic womanhood.    Heroic womanhood.

Nor even shall be wanting hereNor even shall be wanting hereThe palm, the lily, and the spear,The palm, the lily, and the spear,   The symbols that of yore   The symbols that of yore   Saint Filomena bore.    Saint Filomena bore.

A seven-inch ceramic statuette of Nightingale. Her hand rests on a column bearing a stack of books, to show her scholarly nature

1855 1855 FN becomes ill with Crimean Fever FN becomes ill with Crimean Fever (brucellosis?)(brucellosis?)1856 1856 July, the war is over, July, the war is over, the last patients and nurses leave. the last patients and nurses leave. Florence goes home to Lea Hurst. She is Florence goes home to Lea Hurst. She is given many gifts and thank you letters for given many gifts and thank you letters for her service in the Crimean.her service in the Crimean.Upon request she visits Queen Victoria Upon request she visits Queen Victoria and Prince Albert to talk about her war and Prince Albert to talk about her war experiences. They agree upon a need to experiences. They agree upon a need to correct wrongs.correct wrongs.

This is the beginning of her illness, posttraumatic This is the beginning of her illness, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). After this period (of stress disorder (PTSD). After this period (of collecting facts for the commission) she is collecting facts for the commission) she is reclusive, mostly bed ridden and only sees reclusive, mostly bed ridden and only sees people by appointment, one at a time. After her people by appointment, one at a time. After her return from the Crimean War return from the Crimean War she never made a she never made a public appearance, never attended a public public appearance, never attended a public function, never issued a public statement.function, never issued a public statement.

1859 1859 She publishes a small booklet titled She publishes a small booklet titled "Notes on Nursing.""Notes on Nursing." It is very popular. It It is very popular. It is expanded and published again in 1860 is expanded and published again in 1860 and in 1861 with special section on taking and in 1861 with special section on taking care of babies. This book sold millions all care of babies. This book sold millions all over the world: the only "wage" she ever over the world: the only "wage" she ever earned in her life was her royalties from earned in her life was her royalties from this book.this book.

1860 1860 June 24, The Nightingale Training June 24, The Nightingale Training School for nurses opens at St. Thomas School for nurses opens at St. Thomas Infirmary with Mrs. Wardroper as its head. Infirmary with Mrs. Wardroper as its head. FN pays very close attention to every FN pays very close attention to every detail from her flat in London. The school detail from her flat in London. The school is a success. Florence almost single-is a success. Florence almost single-handedly invents modern nursing as we handedly invents modern nursing as we know it today, and creates a new image of know it today, and creates a new image of female nurses as a professional class.female nurses as a professional class.

The Order of Merit is a British honorary institution founded The Order of Merit is a British honorary institution founded by Edward VII in 1902 to reward those who provided by Edward VII in 1902 to reward those who provided especially eminent service in the armed forces or particularly especially eminent service in the armed forces or particularly distinguished themselves in science, art, literature, or the distinguished themselves in science, art, literature, or the promotion of culture. The order is limited to only 24 promotion of culture. The order is limited to only 24 members, although the British monarch can appoint members, although the British monarch can appoint foreigners as "honorary members." The order carries no title foreigners as "honorary members." The order carries no title of knighthood, but a member is entitled to add "O.M." after of knighthood, but a member is entitled to add "O.M." after his name. It has a civilian and a military division. Both men his name. It has a civilian and a military division. Both men and women are admitted into the order; Florence and women are admitted into the order; Florence Nightingale was the first woman awarded the honour (1907), Nightingale was the first woman awarded the honour (1907), and not another woman received the order until the and not another woman received the order until the induction of Dorothy Hodgkin in 1965. The badge of the induction of Dorothy Hodgkin in 1965. The badge of the order portrays a crown with the motto "For Merit." An Indian order portrays a crown with the motto "For Merit." An Indian Order of Merit (no longer in existence) was established in Order of Merit (no longer in existence) was established in 1837. 1837.

The Badge of the Nightingale Training School

1861 1861 August 2, Sidney Herbert dies.August 2, Sidney Herbert dies.God speaks for the fourth and last time to FN.God speaks for the fourth and last time to FN.Army officials in America ask her advice on care Army officials in America ask her advice on care of sick and wounded in the U.S. Civil War. She of sick and wounded in the U.S. Civil War. She sends information to the Secretary of War and sends information to the Secretary of War and Dorothea Dix, Superintendent of Nurses for Dorothea Dix, Superintendent of Nurses for Union forces. When it looks as though England Union forces. When it looks as though England may get involved she helps the English get may get involved she helps the English get ready. By Christmas she is becomes very ill and ready. By Christmas she is becomes very ill and it is feared she will die. She could not walk and it is feared she will die. She could not walk and for the next six years had to be carried from for the next six years had to be carried from room to room. She continues to work.room to room. She continues to work.

1865 1865 October, FN moves to No. 35 South Street, London, October, FN moves to No. 35 South Street, London, later to be known as No. 10 South Street, where she lives later to be known as No. 10 South Street, where she lives for the rest of her life.for the rest of her life.

1907 1907 November, King Edward VII bestows the Order of November, King Edward VII bestows the Order of Merit on FN; it is the first time that the Order is given to a Merit on FN; it is the first time that the Order is given to a woman.woman.1910 1910 From Cecil Woodham Smith: "After From Cecil Woodham Smith: "After February, 1910 she no longer spoke.February, 1910 she no longer spoke.The end came on August 13, 1910. She fell asleep about The end came on August 13, 1910. She fell asleep about noon and did not wake again.noon and did not wake again.In her funeral her coffin was carried by six sergeants of In her funeral her coffin was carried by six sergeants of the British Army. Burial in Westminster Abbey was the British Army. Burial in Westminster Abbey was declined; she was buried in the family grave at East declined; she was buried in the family grave at East Wellow. Her only memorial is a line on the family Wellow. Her only memorial is a line on the family tombstone "F. N. Born 1820. Died 1910." She had lived tombstone "F. N. Born 1820. Died 1910." She had lived for ninety years and three months. for ninety years and three months.

The Nightingale Memorial in Derby.

FN's grave on the grounds at East Wellow

The Nightingale Nursing Home in The Nightingale Nursing Home in Derby.Derby.

The Order of MeritThe Order of Merit

Florence Nightingale Florence Nightingale Elementary School in Elementary School in Vancouver, BCVancouver, BC

This photo was taken on such a day with an older Miss This photo was taken on such a day with an older Miss Nightingale and Sir Harry Verney, who was active in the Nightingale and Sir Harry Verney, who was active in the school and the Nightingale Fund which supported the school and the Nightingale Fund which supported the school independent of the hospitalschool independent of the hospital..

Portion of a stained glass window of Portion of a stained glass window of unknown origin purchased in a UK antique unknown origin purchased in a UK antique store. Contributed by Iain Campbell.store. Contributed by Iain Campbell.

British postage stamp British postage stamp Belgian postage stamp Belgian postage stamp

British £10 note, issued 1975-1992. The British £10 note, issued 1975-1992. The portrait is a blend of images taken from portrait is a blend of images taken from three photographs of Florence Nightingale three photographs of Florence Nightingale embodying the pose of one, the costume embodying the pose of one, the costume of another and the head of a third. The of another and the head of a third. The historical scene shows Florence historical scene shows Florence Nightingale ministering to the sick at the Nightingale ministering to the sick at the Barracks Hospital, Scutari.Barracks Hospital, Scutari.

British £10 note, issued 1975-1992. The British £10 note, issued 1975-1992. The portrait is a blend of images taken from portrait is a blend of images taken from three photographs of Florence Nightingale three photographs of Florence Nightingale embodying the pose of one, the costume embodying the pose of one, the costume of another and the head of a third. The of another and the head of a third. The historical scene shows Florence historical scene shows Florence Nightingale ministering to the sick at the Nightingale ministering to the sick at the Barracks Hospital, Scutari.Barracks Hospital, Scutari.

In the eighties, space probes In the eighties, space probes discovered the Nightingale Corona on discovered the Nightingale Corona on the planet Venus. A corona is a kind the planet Venus. A corona is a kind of volcanic feature. of volcanic feature.