Florence Florence NightingaleNightingale(1820-1910)(1820-1910)

……life storylife story

1820:1820: born in Florence, Italy (May 12) born in Florence, Italy (May 12)

1837:1837: heard her calling from God heard her calling from God

1840:1840: “begged” her parents to let her study mathematics “begged” her parents to let her study mathematics

1845:1845: her family was against of the suggestion of Nightingale gaining any hospital experience her family was against of the suggestion of Nightingale gaining any hospital experience

1849:1849: tour of Europe and Egypt tour of Europe and Egypt

1850:1850: began her training as a nurse at the Institute of St Vincent de Paul in Alexandria, Egypt; in began her training as a nurse at the Institute of St Vincent de Paul in Alexandria, Egypt; in July she visited Pastor Theodor Flidener’s hospital near Düsseldorf (Germany)July she visited Pastor Theodor Flidener’s hospital near Düsseldorf (Germany)

1851:1851: returned to Germany to undertake 3 months of nursing training at the Institute of Protestant returned to Germany to undertake 3 months of nursing training at the Institute of Protestant Deaconesses; from there she moved to a hospital in St Germain, near Paris, run by the Sisters Deaconesses; from there she moved to a hospital in St Germain, near Paris, run by the Sisters of Mercyof Mercy

1853:1853: returned to London and took up the unpaid position as the returned to London and took up the unpaid position as the SuperintendentSuperintendent at the at the Establishment for Gentlewomen during IllnessEstablishment for Gentlewomen during Illness

1854:1854: the start of the Crimean War; on Sep 20 the start of the Crimean War; on Sep 20 The Times The Times criticized the British medical facilities. criticized the British medical facilities. In response to that, Sidney Herbert, the British Secretary of War asked Nightingale to become In response to that, Sidney Herbert, the British Secretary of War asked Nightingale to become the nursing administrator over there. She arrived in Scutari on 4 November 1854 with 38 the nursing administrator over there. She arrived in Scutari on 4 November 1854 with 38 nurses; her official title was nurses; her official title was Superintendent of the female Nursing Establishment of the Superintendent of the female Nursing Establishment of the English General Hospital in TurkeyEnglish General Hospital in Turkey ..

1856:1856: returned to London where using her statistics, she illustrated returned to London where using her statistics, she illustrated the need for sanitary reform in all military hospitalsthe need for sanitary reform in all military hospitals

1857:1857: her wishes for a formal investigation were granted; that led to her wishes for a formal investigation were granted; that led to the establishment of the the establishment of the Royal Commission on the Health of the Royal Commission on the Health of the Army Army

1858:1858: became the first woman to be elected to be a became the first woman to be elected to be a Fellow of the Fellow of the Royal Statistical SocietyRoyal Statistical Society

1860:1860: the the Nightingale Training School and Home for NursesNightingale Training School and Home for Nurses based based at Thomas’ Hospital (London) opened with 10 studentsat Thomas’ Hospital (London) opened with 10 students

1874:1874: became an honorary member of the became an honorary member of the American Statistical American Statistical AssociationAssociation

1883:1883: Queen Victoria awarded her the Queen Victoria awarded her the Royal Red CrossRoyal Red Cross for her for her workwork

1907:1907: became the first women to receive the became the first women to receive the Order of MeritOrder of Merit from from Edward VIIEdward VII

1910:1910: she died (Aug 13). she died (Aug 13).

She published 200 books, report and pamphlets, among them She published 200 books, report and pamphlets, among them the first textbook specifically for use in the teaching of nurses, the first textbook specifically for use in the teaching of nurses, Notes on NursingNotes on Nursing (1860). (1860).

She responded to the British war office’s request for advice on She responded to the British war office’s request for advice on army medical care in Canada and was also a consultant to the army medical care in Canada and was also a consultant to the United States government on army health during the American United States government on army health during the American Civil War. Civil War.

Pioneer of nursingPioneer of nursing

Reformer of hospital Reformer of hospital sanitation methodssanitation methods

Innovator in the collection, Innovator in the collection, tabulation, interpretation, tabulation, interpretation, and graphical display of and graphical display of descriptive statisticsdescriptive statistics

““The Lady with the Lamp” and The Lady with the Lamp” and her Accomplishments.her Accomplishments.

Nightingale’s greatest life Nightingale’s greatest life achievements:achievements:

Pioneering of nursingPioneering of nursing- - Developed a social movement Developed a social movement in which nurses received better in which nurses received better mathematical analysis and mathematical analysis and applied it in their daily jobapplied it in their daily job-- Established a nursing school at Established a nursing school at St. Thomas’s Hospital and St. Thomas’s Hospital and printed out the principles of printed out the principles of nursing during 1860. nursing during 1860.

Reform of HospitalsReform of Hospitals-- Took the leadership to reform Took the leadership to reform the hospitals by using statistics the hospitals by using statistics as a way to organize and as a way to organize and improve the medical and improve the medical and surgical practices.surgical practices.-- Developed a Model Hospital Developed a Model Hospital Statistical Form for hospitals to Statistical Form for hospitals to collect and generate consistent collect and generate consistent data and statistics.data and statistics.

“I stand at the altar of the murdered men, and, while I live, I fight their cause.” F. Nightingale.

One major work of Florence One major work of Florence Nightingale Nightingale

Polar Area DiagramPolar Area Diagram

The original was in color, the outer area in The original was in color, the outer area in blue, the central darker areas in black, and the blue, the central darker areas in black, and the central lighter areas in red. central lighter areas in red.

The areas are measured from the centre as a The areas are measured from the centre as a common vertex.common vertex.

Each area represents the deaths from Each area represents the deaths from Preventable or Mitigable Zymotic diseases, the Preventable or Mitigable Zymotic diseases, the red area represents the deaths from wounds, red area represents the deaths from wounds, & the black represents deaths from all other & the black represents deaths from all other causes. causes.

The black line across the red triangle in Nov. The black line across the red triangle in Nov. 1854 marks the boundary of the deaths from 1854 marks the boundary of the deaths from all other causes during the month. all other causes during the month.

In October 1854, & April 1855, the black area In October 1854, & April 1855, the black area is the same as the red, in January & February is the same as the red, in January & February 1855, the blue is the same as the black. 1855, the blue is the same as the black.