Flood Resilience and Mitigation
Transcript of Flood Resilience and Mitigation
• Flood Resilience for Risk Management:
• Flood Study of River Basin in Indonesia
Iwan K. Hadihardaja1, Arno Adi Kuntoro2, & Mohammad Farid3 • 1 Professor, Center for Water Resources Development, Institut Teknologi Bandung,
Indonesia
• 2 Dr. Eng., Water Resources Engineering Research Group, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia
• 3 Dr. Eng., Water Resources Engineering Research Group, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia
2013 APEC Typhoon
Symposium
Typhoon Behavior and Its Impact in a Warming
Globe
21-23 October 2013 at NTU GIS Convention
Center, Taipei
Introduction
• Flooding is a natural occurrence that is beneficial, however, flooding that exceeds normal flows and people’s capacities to cope are regarded as damaging floods that have serious consequences on the human and natural environment
• Flood disasters : damaging flood hazard that adversely affects human populations and the environment
• Floods have the greatest damage potential of all natural disasters…and affect the greatest number of people (UNDP, 2004)
Source: ADPC, Integrated Flood Risk Management in Asia, 2005.
Cause of Flooding • Meteorological phenomena such as:
• Prolonged and intense rainfall
• Cyclones
• Typhoons, storms and tidal surges
• Hydrological increased run-off due to: • Ice and snow melt
• Impermeable surfaces
• Saturated land
• Poor infiltration rates
• Land erosion
• Anthropogenic natural and human activities for example: • Population growth
• Land-use - deforestation, intensive agriculture, unplanned flood control measures
• Socio-economic development activities
• Urbanization
• Climate change
Source: ADPC, Integrated Flood Risk Management in Asia, 2005.
Type of Flood
• Riverine floods occur when major rivers and their side channels overflow, causing extensive inundation
• Slow-onset floods occur slowly and can last weeks or even months; rising flood levels can be forecasted, giving people the opportunity to evacuate the areas at risk.
• Rapid onset / flash floods occur mainly in steep rivers with small and steep mountainous catchments after periods of intense rainfall; rapid rise and fall in water levels; causes intense damages and greater direct loss of life than slow-onset floods.
• Localized and urban floods intense local rainfall in areas with inadequate drainage, storm water management and flood evacuation systems tend to result in localized flooding; floodwater collects in particular areas and may remain for a long duration of time.
Source: ADPC, Integrated Flood Risk Management in Asia, 2005.
Magnitude Level of Flood
• Normal flood (e.g. 1 year flood*) occur almost every year, well-adapted, forecasts can be issued to minimize losses.
• Medium flood (e.g. 5 year flood*) cause some economic loss but not extensive or serious, loss of life is unlikely, people are usually prepared
• Severe flood (e.g. 20 year flood*) affect large geographic areas, people less familiar, significant damages and losses to the physical environment and economic sector
• Catastrophic flood (e.g. 100 year flood*) inundates extensive areas, extremely devastating with multi-fold impacts to life and property and the economy
Source: ADPC, Integrated Flood Risk Management in Asia, 2005.
Flood Mitigation
• Avoidance: to remove object to an area with lower flood risk (assuming there is nowhere with no risk) or to raise thresholds above predicted flood level.
• Resistance: to prevent floodwaters from reaching or penetrating the object.
• Resilience: to minimize the damage caused by floodwaters affecting the object.
Source: de Bruijn, K., Resilience and Flood Risk Management: A Systems Approach Applied to Lowland Rivers, 2005
Flood Disaster Resilience
COMMUNITIESDATA BASES
AND INFORMATION
HAZARDS:GROUND SHAKING
GROUND FAILURE
SURFACE FAULTING
TECTONIC DEFORMATION
TSUNAMI RUN UP
AFTERSHOCKS
•HAZARDS•INVENTORY AT RISK•VULNERABILITY•LOCATION
FLOOD RISK
RISK
ACCEPTABLE RISK
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
FLOOD DISASTER
RESILIENCE
•PREPAREDNESS•PROTECTION•EARLY WARNING•EMERGENCY RESPONSE•RECOVERY and
RECONSTRUCTION
POLICY OPTIONS
Source: Hays, W., Lessons Learned from Past Notable Disasters
Flood Resilience Concept
• Resilience is the ability of a system to recover from a response to a disturbance.
• All floods preparedness for the expected and unexpected is essential for disaster resilience
• All floods timely emergency response is essential for disaster resilience
Source: de Bruijn, K., Resilience and Flood Risk Management: A Systems Approach Applied to Lowland Rivers, 2005
Resilience and Resistance in Flood Risk Management • Flood risk management strategies may aim at increasing the
system’s resistance, resilience or both.
• Resistance oriented strategies include measures that enable a certain design discharge to pass without causing floods.
• In resilience oriented strategies floods are allowed to occur, but recovery from the flood impacts should be fast and reaction increase with increasing discharges should be gradual.
• Resilience strategies use both non-structural and structural measures while resistance strategies mainly use structural measures.
Source: de Bruijn, K., Resilience and Flood Risk Management: A Systems Approach Applied to Lowland Rivers, 2005
Flood Resilience: Structural Measures • Any resilience structural measures should be designed so that it can
be used safely over its proposed lifetime taking climate change into account.
• In terms of achieving resilience, there are two main strategies, whose applicability is dependent on the water depth the property is subjected to:
• Water exclusion strategy – where emphasis is placed on minimizing water entry whilst maintaining structural integrity, and on using materials and construction techniques to facilitate drying and cleaning.
• Water entry strategy – where emphasis is placed on allowing water into the building, facilitating draining and consequent drying.
• Other important factors that should be considered for resilient design and construction are cost, durability, ease and practicability of construction, environmental, social and aesthetic acceptability.
Source: de Bruijn, K., Resilience and Flood Risk Management: A Systems Approach Applied to Lowland Rivers, 2005
Flood Resilience: Non-structural Measures • Design Code
• to be more resilient to flooding to take account of residual risk
• Government Policy • to reduce the threat to people and their property; and
• to deliver the greatest environmental, social and economic benefit, consistent with the Government's sustainable development principles.
• Building Regulation • to protect the health and safety of building occupants, with
secondary considerations including sustainability and comfort.
Source: de Bruijn, K., Resilience and Flood Risk Management: A Systems Approach Applied to Lowland Rivers, 2005
Case Study of Ciliwung River, Jakarta
• Ciliwung is one of the river which flows into a densely populated area in Jakarta.
• Combination between decreasing of Ciliwung River capacity and increasing of runoff leads to more frequent and intense flood in Jakarta.
Bukit Duri, Jakarta
Kebon Baru, Jakarta
Source: Heru Dian Pransiska, Master Thesis of Water Resources Management, ITB, 2012
Case Study of Ciliwung River, Jakarta
Balaraja
TANGERANG
K. Tahang
Cim
an
ceu
ri
Ciledug
Curug
Ranca
Sumur
CiputatSerpong
ParungC
ima
tukC
ibeu
reu
m
ke Rangkasbitung
ke Serang
K. G
rogol
K.
Kru
ku
t
K.
Ma
mp
an
g
Cil
iwu
ng
K.
Cip
ina
ng
K.
Bu
ara
n
K.
Ca
ku
ng
K.
Ab
an
g
BEKASI
CileungsiDEPOK
Cimanggis
Gunung Putri
Pondok Gede
Cibeet
KARAWANG
Cikarang
Jonggol
Cibarusa
Curug
Waduk
Jatiluhur
Katulampa
BOGOR
Empang
ke Cianjur
Gn. Pangrango
JAVA SEAN
0 12 km2 4 6 8 10
K.
Sek
reta
ris
+ 6.01
+ 16.46
+ 240.97
+ 243.33
stasiun 11-06-1999
LOKASI STASIUN
PENGAMATAN MUKA AIR
K.
Sep
ak
Sa
l. M
eru
ya
K.
Ble
nco
ng
K.
Ma
ru
nd
a
K.
Ja
tik
ra
ma
t
K.
Cid
en
g
KETERANGAN :
Garis Batas Wil. Sungai
Ciliwung - Cisadane
Jalan raya
Sungai
Jalan Kereta Api
Batas Daerah Aliran Sungai
Saluran Drainasi
SUNGAI CILIWUNG
1. Katulampa
2. Depok
3. Pintu Air Manggarai
SUNGAI CISADANE
4. Batu Belah
5. Pintu Air Pasar Baru Tangerang
SUNGAI PESANGGRAHAN
6. Sawangan
SUNGAI SUNTER
7. Sunter Hulu
8. Pintu Air Pulogadung
9. Pintu Air Sunter
CAKUNG DRAIN
10. Pintu Air Cakung Drain
CENGKARENG DRAIN
11. Pintu Air Cengkareng
Daerah Khusus Ibu Kota Jakarta Raya
JAKARTA
Cen
gk
are
ng
Dra
in
SATUAN WILAYAH SUNGAI
CILIWUNG-CISADANE
Source: Balai Besar Wilayah Sungai Ciliwung Cisadane (Ciliwung Cisadane River Basin Organization)
•Catchment Area: 337 km2
•Main River: 109.7 km
•Average Slope: 1/70
•Annual Rainfall: 2500 mm
•Topography: •Upper part Steep
•Lower part Mild
•Landuse:
•Upper part Sub urban, Cultivation, Forest
•Lower Part Urban
Case Study of Ciliwung River, Jakarta
Many areas in Jakarta, such as in Kampung Melayu and Bukit Duri are annually flooded with inundation depth varies from 1m to 3m.
Bukit Duri
Kampung Melayu
Kebon Baru
Source: Heru Dian Pransiska, Master Thesis of Water Resources Management, ITB, 2012
Case Study of Ciliwung River, Jakarta
Problem formulations: 1) How much is the loss caused by flood? 2) How much is the cost for flood control system?
For this flood assessment, several village were used as case study: Village Clilitan, Rawajati Village, Village Pengadegan, Cawang Village, Village Bidaracina, Village Kebun Baru, Kampung Melayu Village, Bukit Duri and Manggarai village
Flood Hydrograph (Q5, Q10, Q25, Q50, Q100)
Hydraulic Simulation using SOBEK
Inundation Depth and Area
Economic Analysis
Start
Finish
Source: Heru Dian Pransiska, Master Thesis of Water Resources Management, ITB, 2012
3000
2000
1500
1000
500
Rai
nfa
ll (m
m)
2500
1860 1880 1900 1960 1980 2000 Year
1940 1920
data trend moving average
Trend of Annual Rainfall
The analysis of observed rainfall data from 1860-2000 shows that statements flood problem caused by climate change cannot be proven with the current available data.
Source: Jan Jaap Brinkman, Jakarta Flood Hazard Mapping Framework, 2007
Trend of Annual Rainfall
• The 2-day rainfall depth in Jakarta city obtained from GSMaP data (JAXA) during 2000/3/1 – 2013/2/28.
• It was found that the during the 2013 flood, Jakarta experienced heavier rainfall than in other years
• However, it should be noted that GSMaP provides satellite-driven rainfall data, and this data may have some uncertainties and biases.
Source: IRIDeS, Tohoku University, Second REPORT of IRIDeS Fact-finding mission to Jakarta, Indonesia, 10-13 February 2013
Flood Hydrograph Hydraulic Simuation
Inundation Depth Inundated Area
Flood Simulation
Source: Heru Dian Pransiska, Master Thesis of Water Resources Management, ITB, 2012
Flood Simulation
Q5 Q100 Q50 Q25 Q10
Source: Sevi Inasih, Master Thesis of Water Resources Management, ITB, 2013
Floodplain (Section of Cililitan-Manggarai Gate)
River
LEGEND
River Border based on Government Act (PP) 38, 2011
Source: Sevi Inasih, Master Thesis of Water Resources Management, ITB, 2013
RIVER CONTROL AREA
FLOOD PLAIN RIVER
RIVER BORDER (RB) RB BANJIR FLOOD DISCHARGE > 50 YEARS RETURN PERIOD
FLOOD PLAIN
FLOOD CONDITION NORMAL CONDITION
River Control Area
Source: Siswoko, Banjir, Masalah Banjir, dan Upaya Mengatasinya, 2002
Case Study of Ciliwung River, Jakarta
Economic Analysis
Return Period
Total Inundation Area (ha)
Inundation Area with
Houses (ha)
Unit of Houses(with Average Area
of 51 m2)
Classification for Damaged of Inundated Houses and Estimation of Damage and Loss Value
Dissapear Severe Damage Minor Damage Total
Unit Rp 15
M/unit Unit Rp 30
M/unit Unit Rp 10
M/unit Unit Rp M
Q5 68.5 45.895 900 135 2,025 405 12,149 360 3,600 900 17,773
Q10 89 59.63 1,169 175 2,625 526 15,784 468 4,677 1169 23,092
Q25 161.25 108.0375 2,118 318 4,770 953 28,598 847 8,474 2118 41,838
Q50 261.75 175.3725 3,439 516 7,740 1547 46,422 1375 13,755 3439 67,914
Q100 372.75 249.7425 4,897 735 11,025 2204 66,108 1959 19,588 4897 96,714
Return Period
Total Inundation
Area
Inundation Area with Industrial Land Use
Industrial Losses Total Losses
(Rp M)
Total Losses with Present Value
(Rp M)
Q5 58.5 2.925 2,416 7,067 10,383
Q10 79 3.95 2,416 9,543 14,022
Q25 161.25 8.0625 2,416 19,479 28,621
Q50 261.75 13.0875 2,416 31,619 46,459
Q100 372.75 18.6375 2,416 45,028 66,161
Calculation for Number of Houses Stricken by Flood
Calculation for Industrial Losses caused by Flood
Source: Heru Dian Pransiska, Master Thesis of Water Resources Management, ITB, 2012
Case Study of Ciliwung River, Jakarta
Loss vs Construction Cost
Optimum Design
Design Period
Co
st (
Rp
. 1,0
00,0
00)
Capital Damage Cost Total Cost
Source: Heru Dian Pransiska, Master Thesis of Water Resources Management, ITB, 2012
Case Study of Ciliwung River, Jakarta
Location: Kebon Baru
• River Protection (Levee)
• River Rehabilitation (Dredging)
• Pump equipment
Structural Measures
Source: Pertiwi, H. P., Integrated Flood Early Warning System _ the Case of Jakarta, 2013
Case Study of Ciliwung River, Jakarta
• Flood reference – community based flood warning mechanism
• Flood simulation for testing readiness of system
Non- Structural Measures
Source: Pertiwi, H. P., Integrated Flood Early Warning System _ the Case of Jakarta, 2013
Integrated Flood Management
• Combination among:
• - Spatial Hydro-economic Analysis (Spatial Data Availability?)
• - Regulation of the River Border (Coridor) or Flood Plain Area?
• - Regulation Design Flood (50 years Flood Design) or 25 YFD?
• Implementation:
• - River Basin Master Plan, RBMP (River Basin Organization, RBO)
• - Rural and Urban Master Plan (Land Use Planning), RUMP (Provincial Planning Board Agency, PPBA)
• - Integration between RBMP and RUMP
Case Study of Citarum River, West Java Province
The largest and Longest River In West Java
Total Area: 12.000 km square
Population along the River:
10 Million (50% urban)
Serving : 25 Million of population
(15 M West Java, 10 M DKI Jakarta)
Energy:
1.400 Mega Watt
Irrigation: 420.000 hectare
Water Supply:
80% population of Jakarta (16 m3/s)
Source: Balai Besar Wilayah Sungai Citarum (Citarum River Basin Organization)
Case Study of Citarum River, West Java Province
Sub BasinCatchment
AreaRiver Length
SAGULING RESERVOIR
Upper Citarum River Basin
River System
Source: Balai Besar Wilayah Sungai Citarum (Citarum River Basin Organization)
Saguling DAM Sumedang
Garut
Subang
Cianjur Majalaya
Rancaekek
Ujung Berung
Banjaran
Dayeuh kolot Cimahi
Batujajar
Gn Wayang
• Reduced function of protected areas (forest and non-forest)
• Growing settlements without good planning
• Erosion, Critical land • livestock waste • Agricultural patterns that do not
conform to the principle of conservation
• Industrial waste, domestic, trash
• Spatial control
Segmen 1 (G. Wayang-J. Majalaya)
Segmen 2 (J. Majalaya-J. Dayeuh Kolot)
Segmen 3 (J. Dayeuhkolot-. Ujung Saguling)
Problems of Upper Citarum
1
2
3 • Dominant of flood inundation • Trash
SOURCE :BPLHD JBR, 2009
Source: :BPLHD JBR, 2009
KOTA BANDUNG
KOTA CIMAHI
GN WAYANG
SAGULING
KONDISI DAS CITARUM HULU TAHUN 1994 CONDITIONS OF UPSTREAM OF CITARUM IN 2015 IF NOT CONTROLLED
BANDUNG CITY
CIMAHI CITY
INUNDATION AT SOUTH BANDUNG
WAYANG MOUNTAIN
SAGULING RESERVOIR
SOURCE: BPLHD JBR, 2010
• Area of Bandung Basin = 234.087,84 Ha
Critical land area (2009) = 46.543 Ha (20%)
Problems in Upper Citarum River Basin
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
180,000
Tahun 2000 Tahun 2005 Tahun 2007 Tahun 2008 Tahun 2009
71,750
51,044
15,8399,968 9,899
81,686
119,198
152,088
172,361176,442
Are
a (H
a)
LAND USE CHANGING IN CITARUM BASIN
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
180,000
Tahun 2000 Tahun 2005 Tahun 2007 Tahun 2008 Tahun 2009
71,750
51,044
15,8399,968 9,899
81,686
119,198
152,088
172,361176,442
Are
a (H
a)
LAND USE CHANGING IN CITARUM BASIN
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
180,000
Tahun 2000 Tahun 2005 Tahun 2007 Tahun 2008 Tahun 2009
71,750
51,044
15,8399,968 9,899
81,686
119,198
152,088
172,361176,442
Are
a (H
a)
LAND USE CHANGING IN CITARUM BASIN
: settlement
: forest
Source: Balai Besar Wilayah Sungai Citarum (Citarum River Basin Organization)
34
Upper
Middle
Lower
Annual Rainfall in CRB
Annual Rainfall in Lower CRB
Annual Rainfall in Middle CRB
Annual Rainfall in Upper CRB
Trend: Related to the indication of the effect of regional climate cycles, in general, trend of annual rainfall in the period 1951-1977 tends to increase and then decrease during the period 1978-2009.
Source: Evaluation of Water Resources Management System for Climate Change Adaptation, MP3EI Research Report, 2012
Trend of Annual Rainfall (1951-1977 & 1978-2009)
Rai
nfa
ll (m
m)
Rai
nfa
ll (m
m)
Rai
nfa
ll (m
m)
Rai
nfa
ll (m
m)
Upper Citarum (1951-1977) Upper Citarum (1978-2009) Trendline linear
Middle Citarum (1951-1977) Middle Citarum (1978-2009) Trendline linear
Lower Citarum (1951-1977) Lower Citarum (1978-2009) Trendline linear
Citarum (1951-1977) Citarum (1978-2009) Trendline linear
Flood Modeling and Simulation in Spatial Perspective
Water Depth Vs Time
0,00
0,02
0,04
0,06
0,08
0,10
0,12
0,14
0,16
350 400 450 500 550 600
Ke
dal
aman
(m
)
Waktu (jam)
GRAFIK KEDALAMAN GENANGAN dan WAKTU GENANG
Floodplain area yang memerlukan
penanganan masalah drainase
Ked
alam
an G
enan
gan
Mak
sim
um
Waktu Genangan
kedalaman syarat batas floodplain area
Time (hour)
Depth in m
Local Drainage Problem
DREDGING OF CITARUM : Dredging along the 30 km (from Sapan to Curug Jompong) , estimation cost : 125 Billion
Limpasan
Tidak Ada Limpasan Sepanjang S. Citarum
Muka Air S. Citarum Setelah Pengerukan
Citarum river now
SUMBER: DINAS PSDA JBR, 2010
CUT - OFF CUT-OFF
"B"
CUT-OFF
"C"
CUT-OFF
"D"
CUT-OFF
"E"
CUT-OFF
"F"
CUT-OFF
"G"
CUT-OFF
"H"
64
7.2
5
64
6.0
6
64
1.9
3
64
9.0
5
64
9.2
3
64
9.4
4
64
9.5
9
64
9.7
7
64
9.9
5
65
0.1
4
65
0.3
2
65
0.5
0
65
0.6
8
65
0.8
6
65
1.0
5
65
1.2
3
65
1.4
3
65
1.6
1
65
1.7
9
65
1.9
7
65
2.1
4
65
2.3
4
65
2.5
6
65
2.7
5
65
2.9
1
65
3.0
9
65
3.2
7
65
3.4
5
65
3.5
9
65
3.7
4
65
3.9
0
65
4.1
7
65
4.5
0
65
4.6
8
65
4.8
6
65
5.0
5
65
5.2
3
65
5.4
4
65
5.5
9
65
5.7
7
65
5.9
5
65
6.1
4
65
6.3
2
65
6.5
0
65
6.6
8
65
6.8
6
65
7.0
5
65
7.2
3
65
7.4
3
65
7.6
1
65
7.7
9
65
7.9
7
65
8.1
4
65
8.3
4
65
8.5
6
65
8.7
5
65
8.9
1
65
9.0
9
65
9.2
7
65
9.4
5
65
9.5
9
65
9.7
4
65
9.9
0
66
0.1
7
1.00
4.0
0
0.0
00
.00
1.0
01
.00
2.0
02
.00
3.0
03
.00
1.00
66
9.0
16
60
.35
64
7.2
5
1.00
66
5.9
26
65
.61
64
6.0
6
1.00
65
2.5
56
53
.16
64
1.9
3
1.00
66
1.1
06
57
.19
64
8.9
6
6.0
06
.00
5.0
05
.00
4.0
0
7.0
07
.00
8.0
08
.00
65
6.3
46
53
.17
64
7.2
4
66
1.0
66
59
.43
64
8.6
0
1.00
65
5.0
26
54
.22
64
8.7
6
1.00
65
5.7
26
55
.66
64
8.6
6
1.00 1.00
65
5.9
16
59
.19
64
8.4
2
1.00
9.0
09
.00
10
.00
10
.00
11
.00
11
.00
12
.00
12
.00
1.00
65
6.2
06
55
.92
64
8.9
5
1.00
65
6.8
06
58
.55
64
9.9
0
1.001.00
65
5.5
56
56
.96
64
8.3
9
65
7.9
46
57
.37
65
0.4
0
13
.00
13
.00
14
.00
14
.00
15
.00
15
.10
16
.10
16
.10
1.101.00
65
8.1
46
57
.12
65
0.5
1
65
9.4
86
57
.31
65
1.2
9
1.00
65
9.8
06
60
.26
65
2.6
5
66
1.4
56
57
.87
65
2.6
0
17
.10
17
.10
18
.10
18
.10
19
.10
19
.10
20
.00
20
.00
1.00
65
7.4
66
58
.49
65
5.9
1
1.00
65
9.6
06
60
.23
65
2.1
2
0.90
65
8.8
96
58
.90
65
3.6
6
1.10
65
8.5
86
58
.54
65
1.6
5
21
.10
21
.10
22
.35
22
.35
23
.35
23
.35
24
.25
24
.25
1.25
65
7.9
36
58
.78
65
3.6
5
1.00
65
9.3
46
58
.68
65
2.8
6
0.90
65
8.9
06
58
.83
65
3.1
4
1.00
65
9.6
46
60
.86
65
3.5
5
27
.25
27
.25
26
.25
26
.25
25
.25
25
.25
28
.00
28
.00
28
.80
28
.80
65
9.8
76
59
.68
65
5.9
0
65
9.6
56
59
.84
65
3.5
7
1.00
65
9.7
96
59
.50
65
5.4
1
1.00 0.800.75
65
9.3
76
59
.59
65
4.6
0
0.90
66
0.0
06
59
.33
65
5.5
3
29
.70
29
.70
31
.20
31
.20
1.50
65
9.8
46
60
.12
65
4.7
2
66
1.1
66
60
.60
65
4.9
3
PROPOSED PROFILE OF CITARUM RIVER
FOR URGENT PLANE
LE
VA
TIO
N A
BO
VE
M.S
.L
CIMAHI
NANJUNG B
RIDGE
CIBEUREUM
CIWID
EY
PROPOSED BRID
GE BC-1
PROPOSED BRID
GE BC-2
CILAMPENI BRID
GE
BP-1
CIBOLERANG
PROPOSED BRID
GE
BC-3 CITEPUS CISANGKUY
CIKAPUNDUNG
CICADAS
CIWASTRA
CIDURIA
N
CIPAMOKOLAN
CIKERUH
CITARIK
LEFT BANK ELEVATION
RIGHT BANK ELEVATION
PROPOSED FLOOD
WATER LEVEL
DAYEUH KOLOT B
RIDGE B
P-2,3 AND 4
CITARUM UPSTREAM
SAME AS EXISTING BANK ELEVATION
I = 1/5.500(0.00018)
LEFT BANK
ELEVATION
RIGHT BANK
ELEVATION
RIVER BED
ELEVATION
RIVER BED
ELEVATION
FLOOD WATER
LEVEL
RIVER BED SLOPE
BANK ELEVATION(M)
(M)
(M)
(M)
(M)
(M)
CUMULATIVE DISTANCE(KM)
SECTION DISTANCE (KM)
SECTION NAME
PR
OP
OS
ED
EX
IST
ING
Datum +635.00m
+640.00
+645.00
+650.00
+655.00
+660.00
+665.00
+670.00
"A"
PROPOSED RIVER BED
OF LONG TERM PLANPROPOSED RIVER BEDOF URGENT PLAN
2
1
3
3. POLDER DEVELOPMENT AROUND DAYEUH KOLOT
SUMBER: DINAS PSDA JBR, 2010
Cieunteung
Parung halang
Citepus
IMPLICATIONS FOR SECTOR / AREA OTHER: LAND AQUISITON, HOUSING, ETC. RELOCATION COSTS = Rp. 286 BILLION
Source: Balai Besar Wilayah Sungai Citarum (Citarum River Basin Organization)
Process of IWRM Planning
Source: Capnet, IWRM Module
Summary
• Resilience is important for flood disaster management to reduce risk to people and property from flood and its effects.
• Flood resilience is not to avoid or to prevent the floodwaters but to reduce damage caused by the floodwaters.
• Non-structural and structural measures are both used in flood resilience.
• Structural measures include construction of flood control infrastructures such as levees.
• Non-structural measures include efforts to reduce the likelihood or consequence of risk such as policy and warning systems.
Summary
• Minimize (=Zero?) Excess Runoff
• Minimize (=Zero?) soil loss
• Minimize (=Zero?) pollution
• IWRM planning process are important aspect for sustainability of the Citarum River Basin regarding to Flood Resilience for Risk Management
Recommendation
• Cost, durability, ease and practicability of construction, environmental, social and aesthetic acceptability should be considered in structural measures.
• Instead of system improvement, non-structural measures need participation s and increasing response from community for preparedness.
• Preparation, protection, and ability to respond effectively are important key of the resilience to flood disaster so that they should be integrated and sustained.
• It is important to use adaptive measures regarding flood resilience for risk management.
Reference • ADPC, Integrated Flood Risk Management in Asia, 2005.
• Simonovic, P. S., Flood Mitigation Efforts in the Red River Basin, 2000.
• Hays, W., Lessons Learned from Past Notable Disasters.
• de Bruijn, K., Resilience and Flood Risk Management: A Systems Approach Applied to Lowland Rivers, 2005.
• Department for Communities and Local Government of London, Improving the Flood Performance of New Buildings, 2005.
• Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation. A Special Report of Working Groups I and II of the IPCC, 2012.
• Heru Dian Pransiska, Kajian Pemodelan Spasial dan Hidro-Ekonomi untuk Menentukan Debit Banjir Rencana di Sungai Ciliwung DKI Jakarta, Master Thesis of Water Resources Management Magister Program, ITB, 2012
• Sevi Inasih, Kajian Pemodelan Banjir untuk Mendukung Kebijakan Sempadan Sungai (Studi Kasus Ruas Cililitan – Pintu Air Manggarai), Master Thesis of Water Resources Management Magister Program, ITB, 2013
• Citarum River Basin Organization (Balai Besar Wilayah Sungai Citarum)
• JICA Preparatory Survey for Upper Citarum Basin Tributaries Flood Management Project, 2010.
• Pertiwi, H. P., Integrated Flood Early Warning System _ the Case of Jakarta, Workshop on Water Related Disaster, ITB and University of Tohoku, Bandung 16 September 2013
• Siswoko, Banjir, Masalah Banjir, dan Upaya Mengatasinya, 2002
• BPLHD Jawa Barat, 2009
• Evaluation of Water Resources Management System for Climate Change Adaptation, MP3EI Research Report, 2012
• Ciliwung Cisadane River Basin Organization (Balai Besar Wilayah Sungai Ciliwung Cisadane)
• Jan Jaap Brinkman, Jakarta Flood Hazard Mapping Framework, 2007
Thank You……. The Citarum River Basin has Big Problems… And needs Big Solutions….???
Disaster Management Concept
• Mitigation sustained action that reduces or eliminates long-term risk to people and property from natural hazards and their effects
• Preparation development and practice of emergency plans to respond to floods and monitoring to allow timely warnings
• Response action that start as soon as a disaster is detected; a function of the size of the disaster
• Recovery final stage - to recover from the physical and financial effects of the disaster - final stage
Source: Simonovic, P. S., Flood Mitigation Efforts in the Red River Basin, 2000