Floating Nozzle Turbine (FNT) - FH Joanneum · © Bosch Mahle Turbo Systems Floating Nozzle...

© Bosch Mahle Turbo Systems

Floating Nozzle Turbine: The AdvancedTurbocharger Technology for the Gasoline Mass Market

Vortragsreihe: Innovationen in der Fahrzeugtechnik

FH JoanneumDr. Johannes Ritzinger

Floating Nozzle Turbine (FNT)

© Bosch Mahle Turbo Systems2 09.11.2016Dr. Johannes Ritzinger

Introduction Potential Design Summary

Organization BMTS

Stuttgart (DE)

Headquarters, development

center and prototype shop

Blaichach plant (DE)

Production of T/C components St. Michael plant (AT)

Machining and final assembly

50 % 50 %

© Bosch Mahle Turbo Systems3

Increased requirements due to upcoming legislation

Gra

ms

of

CO

2p

er

kil

om

ete

r n

orm

ali

ze

d

to N

ED

C t

es

t c

yc

leIntroduction Potential Design Summary

Legislation and Market

09.11.2016

220

200

180

160

140

120

100

year

Dr. Johannes Ritzinger

Nu

mb

er

of

ve

hic

les

China Japan EU US

2017

2022

20172022

2017

2022 20172022

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2022 20232021 20252024 2026

MNEDC-based testing WLTP-based testing

Development phase

130 g/km 100% fleet Next step?95% 95 g/km 100% fleet, proposals

limit ≤ cf • criteria emission limit

CO2

cycle

RDE


50

100

150

200

250

300

350

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 600050

100

150

200

250

300

350

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000

4

NEFZ

1.6L Turbo DI

09.11.2016

275

230

235

240

250

300

350

245

250

200

150

100

501000 2000 3000 4000 5000

engine speed [min-1]

torq

ue

[N

m]


torq

ue

[N

m]

275

240

245250

300

Advantages of Downsizing

Reduction of engine friction

(especially with the reduced number of cylinders).

Shifting main operation area to higher engine efficiencies (de-throttling).

Increased downspeeding potential due to high low-end-torque.

Significant reduction of CO2 emissions by downsizing

300

350

250

200

150

100

50

300

350

6000 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000


Development Trends on Gasoline Engines

T/C increases air density to compensate reduced displacement.

3.2L nat. aspirated engine MPFI

NEFZ

WLTC

NEFZNEFZ

WLTC

Downsizing


© Bosch Mahle Turbo Systems09.11.2016Dr. Johannes Ritzinger5

Wastegate Turbocharger:

Gasoline (passenger cars)

Turbine housing

E-actuator

Compressor housing

Core unit

Wastegate

Rotor


Exhaust Gas Turbocharger for Gasoline Engines

Limit Value Limited by

T/C speed up to 350 krpm T/C

Temperature

upstream turbine

up to 1050°C T/C

Pressure

upstream turbine

up to 4bar engine

Turbine wheelCompressor Wheel


Major Challenges in SI T/C engines

Engine knocking

Enriching for engine protection

Fuel consumption

Particle concentration

6

NEFZ

1

2

3

Increasing requirements on the charging system.

4


Challenges of Turbocharged Gasoline Engines

09.11.2016Dr. Johannes Ritzinger

Possible System Solutions

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000

1.6L Turbo DI

275

240

245250

12

3

4

300WLTC

speed [rpm]

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000

torq

ue

[Nm

] 250

200

150

100

300

350

50

Gasoline-

VTG

Miller Cycle

Cooled EGR

Particulate

Filter

Strongly

increasing

requirements

on the charging

system.


BMW Development Meeting BMTS

Vorteile der variablen Turbinengeometrie

09.11.2016

Anforderung

LET / Dynamik

Anforderung

Nennleistung

• Hoher Ladedruck

(LET)

• Niedriges

Trägheitsmoment

(Dynamik)

kleines Turbinenrad

• Niedriger

Abgasgegendruck

großes Turbinenrad

1 2

2

1

rel.

Du

rch

sa

tz [

-]

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0

0.8

1.0

Druckverhältnis [-]

1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0

rel.

Du

rch

sa

tz [

-]

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0

0.8

1.0

Massenstrom über das WG

Nicht genutzte Enthalpie

2

Durch die FNT wird die Enthalpie des Abgasmassenstroms komplett genutzt

FNT geschlossen

FNT offen

WG öffnet

1

1.6L Turbo DI

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000

Dre

hm

om

en

t [N

m]

250

200

150

100

300

350

50

12

LET

4

3

)1

(

3 1

p

p

TcmP

t

ttpt

Drehzahl [min-1]

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.2



pK

rüm

mer [b

ar]

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

nMot [RPM]2000 3000 4000 5000 6000

beff [

g/k

Wh

]

220

240

260

280

300

Drehzahl [min-1]

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000

0.540.560.520.500.500.580.600.600.600.620.620.620.640.640.660.660.680.680.700.700.720.740.760.760.780.78

TK

rüm

mer [°

C]

850

900

950

1000

1050

Dru

ckverhält

nis

[-]

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

korrigierter Massenstrom [kg/s]

0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20

pK

rüm

mer [b

ar]

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

nMot [RPM]2000 3000 4000 5000 6000

beff [

g/k

Wh

]

220

240

260

280

300

Drehzahl [min-1]

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000

0.780.760.760.740.720.700.700.680.680.660.660.640.640.620.620.620.600.600.600.580.500.500.520.560.540.78

TK

rüm

mer [°

C]

850

900

950

1000

1050

Dru

ckverhält

nis

[-]

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0


0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20

pK

rüm

mer [b

ar]

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

nMot [RPM]2000 3000 4000 5000 6000

beff [

g/k

Wh

]

220

240

260

280

300

Drehzahl [min-1]

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000

0.540.560.520.500.500.580.600.600.600.620.620.620.640.640.660.660.680.680.700.700.720.740.760.760.780.78

TK

rüm

mer [°

C]

850

900

950

1000

1050

Dru

ckverhält

nis

[-]

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0


0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20

8

Significant fuel consumption reduction w/ combination of VTG and Miller Cycle.

Δbeff,VL Tmanifold pmanifold

WG Basis

VTGup to

-4%-20°C -0.95bar

VTG+

Miller

up to

-6%-25°C -0.35bar

WG

VTG

VTG + Miller


System Strategy – Efficiency Concept

09.11.2016

980°C

2000 3000 4000 5000 6000


2000 3000 4000 5000 6000


pre

ss

ure

ra

tio

[-]

3.0

2.5

2.0

1.5

3.5

4.0

1.0

bs

fc[g

/kW

h]

280

260

240

300

220T

Man

ifo

ld[°

C]

1000

950

900

1050

850

pM

an

ifo

ld[b

ar]

3.0

2.5

2.0

3.5

1.5

1000

Efficiency ConceptGT-Power Simulation

Boundary conditions :

100kW/l ; λ=1 ; e=10



WG VTG

WG VTG

WG VTG

WG VTG

9

The VTG enables significant increase in driveability.

Low-End-TorqueGT-Power Simulation

Boundary conditions:

4-Cylinder Motor 80kW/l Miller-Concept e12


System Strategy – Influence of GPF

09.11.2016

DynamicsGT-Power Simulation

Boundary conditions:

1500rpm pme=2bar Full Load

without

GPF

t 90

[s]

2.5

2.1

1.9

1.7

1.5

2.3

with

GPF

ØTW 41mm

ØTW 40mm

ØTW 44mm

MTM +70%

ØTW 40mm

-30%


without

GPF

bm

ep

@1

25

0rp

m [

ba

r]

22.5

21.0

20.5

19.5

19.0

22.0

with

GPF

+16%

21.5

20.0



The New BMTS Floating Nozzle Turbine


FNTVTG 1st generation

• Robust Design

• Successful in

different diesel

projects

• simple, compact design

• high thermal shock stability

with patented „floating-

principle“

• increased efficiency

• improved controllability

elastic deformation elastic deformation

force transmissionPosition 1 Position 1

Position 2

force transmission

Position 2


without GPF + with GPF

Δbeff Δpme Δt90 Δbeff Δpme Δt90

Δ(FNT – WG) -6% 0% -3% -6% +16% -30%

Gasoline-

FNT

@1250rpm max

Summary

• GPF increases exhaust back pressure Gasoline FNT shows significant advantages in

comparison to wastegate turbocharger regarding:

Fuel consumption

Transient behavior

Low End Torque

System Approach „Gasoline FNT in combination with Miller Cycle“ offers additional potential.

Exhaust gas temperature up to 980°C possible

BMTS can provide a Gasoline FNT mass market solution for different engine concepts due

to its thermal robust and simultaneously simple design.


Summary

09.11.2016

@1250rpmmax



Thank you for your attention!



Floating Nozzle Turbine (FNT) - FH Joanneum · © Bosch Mahle Turbo Systems Floating Nozzle...

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Transcript of Floating Nozzle Turbine (FNT) - FH Joanneum · © Bosch Mahle Turbo Systems Floating Nozzle...