Flare Example Rating

8/9/2019 Flare Example Rating

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Flare Stack Design 01/20/2015

R.A. Hawrelak

CALCULATION FOR RATING GIVEN FLARE STACK DIMENSIONS

THREE METHODS USED1) FROM A ! R 521" #r$ E$iti%n" &%'." 1((02) FROM F *RAU& U*+!SHED !& H,DRO AR*O& RO ESS!&-" A& 1(#) *R USTO S3! A&D SOMMERS AS MOD!F!ED !& A ! 521 " #r$ E$iti%n" &%'." 1((0

A Rating Basis: Case 1: BCon & Reacto ! E"te na# Fi e ! RV $ % "1' T to 1( Sc) *' Stac+ ,eat Intensit- At G o.n/ Le0e# ! 1 T O i ce Ignite/ ! As A Bent O0e F#a eA e T)e 2a# Conse3 acce4ta5#e 5- A6I!781 C ite ia ! 9U S T) es)o#/ O; 6ain at 17' ;t $i erences. T7e*ra6n 8et7%$ is :%r still air %nl>" w7ile t7e *rI6st%wski an$ S%88ers B*?S)8et7%$ is :%r 6se in a win$ . T7e A ! 8et7%$ can ;e 6se$ wit7 %rwit7%6t win$. *%t7 t7e A ! an$ *?S 8et7%$s take int% acc%6nt t7e ;en$ in t7eJa8e $6e t% win$ 'el%cit>. All t7ree 8et7%$s $eter8ine stack $ia8eter t% gi'ean e it 'el%cit> t7at is a :racti%n %: t7e s%nic 'el%cit>.

T7e lengt7 %: t7e Ja8e is calc6late$ in t7e A ! re9%rt as a l%g l%g :6ncti%n%: 7eat release w7ile in t7e *ra6n 8et7%$ t7e Ja8e lengt7 is $irectl> relate$t% stack $ia8eter. !n all 8et7%$s t7e 9%int t7at t7e ra$iati%n e8its :r%8 is t7ecentre %: t7e Ja8e. H%we'er" t7e calc6lati%n %: t7is centre is $i erent in eac7case. A ! 6ses an arit78etic a'erage %: t7e Ja8e lengt7 w7ic7 is t7en a$$e$ t%t7e stack 7eig7t. T7e *ra6n 8et7%$ 6ses a ge%8etric a'erage %: t7e stack7eig7t an$ t7e stack 7eig7t 9l6s t7e Ja8e lengt7. T7e t7ir$ 8et7%$ B*?S) 6sesa tw% 9ara8eter c%rrelati%n t% $eter8ine t7e centre %: t7e Ja8e. T7ese9ara8eters are a l%wer e 9l%si'e li8it c%ncentrati%n 9ara8eter an$ a9ara8eter :%r Ket t7r6st an$ win$ s9ee$. T7e $istances :%6n$ :r%8 t7ec%rrelati%n are t7en a$$e$ t% t7e stack 7eig7t.

T7e ra$iant 7eat reac7ing t7e gr%6n$ is $e9en$ent %n t7e :racti%n %: t7e7eat generate$ t7at is ra$iate$. *%t7 A ! an$ *?S 6se a < e$ :act%r. *ra6n 6ses

a c%rrelati%n :%r t7e e8issi'it> %: t7e gas as a :6ncti%n %: 8%lec6lar weig7t. T7is e8issi'it> is t7en 6se$ as t7e :racti%n ra$iate$.

DO DES!-& R!& ! +ESG See + 1C.2 Flare stack 7eig7t s7%6l$ ;e ;ase$ %n a 8a i868 7eat intensit> %: #000*t6/7r sL :t at t7e ;ase an$ 9ers%nnel restricte$ :r%8 t7e area w7ere ra$iati%ne cee$s 1500 *t6/7r sL :t Bincl6$ing s%lar ra$iati%n %: C00 *t6/7r sL :t).+ 1C.2 rec%88en$s t7e 6se %: A ! 521.

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

F#a e Ra/iation Intensit-

R D S F

+e'el 2 ELt Da8age *> T&O B "(2*TU/7r/s: #0 Min6tes)


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Flare Stack Design 01/20/2015

R.A. Hawrelak

0 100 200 300 400 500 6000

1000

2000

3000

4000

G o.n/ Distance F o2 Base O; Stac+> Ft

B T U D


4/21

7t

age C

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

Flare Radiation Intensity

Avg FluxL2 Eqt Damage

B T U / h r / s

f


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7t

age 5

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Ground Distance From Base Of Flare, Ft.


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T7er8al Ra$iati%n HaIar$s 01/20/2015

R.A. Hawrelak 0CG5@G5

E a89le A Rating *asisG ase 1G * %n ? React%r E ternal Fire R= @ 10 T t

T&O T&O T&O T&O 4RA+et7al +et7al

!st N *6rns 2n$ N *6rns Un9t%tecte$ r%tecte$ Eisen;erg

%$e &%. 1 2 # C 5

Ti8e" secs 10 10 10 10 10k /82 2C.21 2C.21 2C.21 2C.21 2C.21*TU/7r/s: " @ " @ " @ " @ " @

Ra$n D%se .01E 0 .01E 0 .01E 0 .01E 0 .01E 0

r%;it . C( C.C#( #.( 11 #.1211 1.@ 2

P %96lati%n P %96lati%n P %96lati%n P %96lati%n P Fatalit>0 50P Fat 0.00P 2@. P 15.20P #.0 P 0. 0P50 100P F ((.5 P 0.00P 0.00P 0.00P 0.00P T%tal P ((.5 P 2@. P 15.20P #.0 P 0. 0P

%88ents Res.#ts not acce4ta5#e 5- A6I!781 c ite iaA ecte$ ercentage O: T%tal %96lati%n

T&O 1 # T&O C Eisen;ergFirst $egree *6rns ((.5 PSec%n$ Degree *6rns 2@. P#r$ Degree +et7al 15.20P #.0 P 0. 0P

T%tal 1C#.52P

r%;it &%te F%r %$e &%. 5" Eisen;erg" r%;it k1 k2 Q +& Bt)Bk /82) 1.#####F%r r%;its 2. " P B r%;itV0.# C5#1@C 0)/100F%r T&O c%nstants" r%;it k1 k2 Q +& Bt)B1000Vk /82) 1.######

T&O %nstants &ew -reen *%%k" 1(" 7a9ter 1

T&O T&O T&O T&O 4RA+et7al +et7al

!st N *6rns 2n$ N *6rns Un9t%tecte$ r%tecte$ Eisen;erg%$e &%. 1 2 # C 5

k1 #(.@# C#.1C # .#@ # .2# 1C.(k2 #.01@ #.01@ 2.5 2.5 2.5

n 1.###### 1.###### 1.###### 1.###### 1.######


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T7er8al Ra$iati%n HaIar$s 01/20/2015

R.A. Hawrelak 0CG5@G5

% 1 Sc7 C0 S

T&O-lasst%neEisen;erg

102C.21

" @.01E 0

1.@ 11

P Fatalit>0. 0P0.00P0. 0P

T&O-lasst%neEisen;erg

#@[email protected]

1.######


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Eisen;erg

age @

1 10 1001

10

100

Eisen5e g 6oo# An/ F#as) Fi e T)e 2a# Ra/iation ,a a /s

Inci/ent T)e 2a# F#."> + 28

E " 4 o s . e

T i 2 e >

S e c s


9/21

Eisen;erg

age (

1000

1?@7 C6 RA> 6!1('

100% Fatality90% Fatality50% Fatality10% Fatality2nd Burns1st BurnsU.S. Pain TH

ata Pt


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H>8es

age 10

1 101.00

10.00

100.00

1!000.00

,-2es T)e 2a# Ra/iation C)a t

E"4os. e Ti2e ! Secs

I n c i

/ e n t

, e a

t F # . " !

+ D 2 8


11/21

H>8es

age 11

100

Pain"#r Blist$rU $r Blist$rStart 2 Burns"&01 '() &lt*)"&50 '() &lt*)3 Burns 2++ t*,

ata Pt.


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M6$an

age 12

1 10 1000.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

Fig 8 : Se io.s In . - Fata#it- Le0e#s Fo T)e 2a# Ra/iations 9

Inci/ent T)e 2a# F#."> + 28

E " 4 o s . e

T i 2 e >

S e c o n / s


13/21

M6$an

age 1#

1000

./an 1?%*> C6 RA> 4!1(1

S e c o n / s


15/21

r6g7

age 15

t

st $) Burns / Sun urn1 / 2 $) Burns / Pain T*r$s*-ld2 $) Burns / S,in Blist$rs3 Burns / "&01 / 10% S,in 'r$a"&50 / 3 Burns / 50% S,in 'r$a"&100 / 3 Burns / 90% S,in 'r$a

ata Pt.


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=1. Dense -as Stack Heig7ts 01/20/2015

R.A. HA RE+A3 0CG5@G5

Dete 2ine Vent ,eig)ts ;o E2e genc- Re#eases o; ,ea0- Gases F o2Met7%$ *> F.T. *%$6rt7a" lant/O9erati%ns r%gress B=%l " &%. 2) A9ril" 1(@@" 1

A Rating Basis: Case 1: BCon & Reacto ! E"te na# Fi e ! RV $ % "1' T

&%IIle %r H%le Dia8eter" D 15.00 inc7esin$ =el%cit> BSet 2.2# 897) 8 8* 897

M%lec6lar eig7 %: =a9%r" M% @C.1 r%9aneM%lec6lar eig7t %: Air" Ma 8% %*S%6rce %ncentrati%n" s 1'' ''H =%l P

Te89erat6re %: =a9%r" T% 500 $eg FA8;ient Te89erat6re" Ta 100 $eg FMa Fl%w BOnl> i: S6; S%nic) 502"0@5 l;/7rAt8%s97eric ress6re 1* @ 9siaM%8entar> %nc M6lti9lier" * 8 7 Min 2.5" Ma 5.+%wer Fla88a;le +i8it" + 1.20P =%l P

Terrain B 1 R6ral" 2 Ur;an) 1 R6ral Terraineat7er lass B1 t% ) ( F =er> Sta;le

S7%rt Ter8 D6rati%n 17 Min6tes

Res6lts :%r a %int S%rce Release at -r%6n$ +e'el it7 er% M%8ent68 ? &% l6

=:" =%l68e %: F6el in Fla88a;le W&AMEX c6;ic :t..+. Distance t% +E+ W&AMEX Feet

Mass Fr%8 100P t% +E+ W&AMEX l;s

S7%rt Ter8 %rrecti%n Fact%r 2.05 2 S7%rt Ter8 Sa89lingi9e r%ss Secti%nal Area 1.22 2 sL :t

=a9%r Densit> at i9e E it 0.1201 l;/c: 6;ic Ft. / sec 'a9%r 1"1 1.2C c:/sec

=a9%r =el%cit> Fr%8 &%IIle" =s (C .2 :t/secAir Densit>" l;/c: 0.0 0 l;/c:

&%IIle Dia8" D #@1.00 88E it Stack Te89" Ts 5##.## N3 in$ =el%cit>" 6 1.00 8eters/sec

Stack e it =el%cit>" 's 2@@.C# 8eters/sec=a9%r S9eci


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Stack Heig7t" 7s 22.11 8etersM%8entar> %nc M6lti9lier" * 2.50 Min 2.5" Ma 5.*> EL C" 9 122" Fr 2#2.#0 Fr%6$e &%.

l68e Rise BEL 2)" H 1C(.@ 8eters

Ma %nc BEL 1)" 8 0.1# '/'P Y -ra$e

ritical Stk =el" BEL )" =s 22.C# 8/s

Stk Ht. Y =s crit" BEL )" 7s 22.11 8

Fr &%. wit7 =s =s crit [email protected] Fr%6$e &%.l68e Rise" H wit7 =s =s crit 11. 8/s

Ma 8 wit7 =s" EL 1" =s crit 0.C@ '/'P Y -ra$e

T%6c7$%wn Distance ;> H%%t an$ Mer%ne> as 9resente$ ;> -err> Ha'ens

6 air 1.001C 8/s!nitial et =el%cit>" UK 2@@.C250 8/sRHO" !nitial et Densit> 1.(2#@ kg8/c6.8.RHO air 1.1#02 kg8/c6.8.

et Dia8eter" DK 0.#@10 8etersFr%6$e &%. 2#2.#0H%riI%ntal Fr%6$e &%. F:7 0. 2

l68e Rise" H 1C(.@ 8eters ;ar 1.#@ 8eters

Stack Heig7t 22.11 8eters

.+. T%6c7$%wn Distance 252.22 8eters%ncentrati%n at T%6c7$%wn 1"# 998'


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tac+s22

o 1( Sc) *' Stac+

0.#@1 8eters1.00 8eters/sec

F%r 6re %89%nent Releases5##.## $eg 3 #11.11 $eg 3

#.2 kg8s/sec

" ;> *%$6rt7a in 1(@(

B*etween 15 an$ 0 Min6tes)

e RiseG

W&AMEX c6;ic 8etersW&AMEX 8eters

W&AMEX kg8s

Ti8e 15

1.(2 kg8/c8#2.@@#( c6;ic 8/s2@@.C# 8eters/sec

1.1#

A 1.15 %rrelati%ns O3


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" ;> *%$6rt7a in 1(@(

#. 0 :t./sec

2.5# :t.

g (.@1C (#C 5


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Sketc7

age 20

Fig. e C!1: Di2ensiona# Re;e ences Fo Si ing A F#a e Stac+ age @

$

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cD

H $

RZ

R


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Sketc7

$,

Flare Example Rating

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