Haz Mat Operations

Module 9: Fixed

Storage Containers

and Pipelines

NARRATION

Pencil Test

Haz Mat Awareness/

Core Ops Online

Training Course

Fixed Bulk Storage Containers And Pipelines

5

Fixed Bulk Storage Containers and Pipelines

Haz Mat Operations

Module 9: Fixed

Storage Containers

and Pipelines

NARRATION

Pencil Test

Haz Mat Awareness/

Core Ops Online

Training Course

6

Most emergency operations involving Fixed Bulk Storage Containers require advanced training and expertise well beyond that of the first responder at the awareness and core operations level.

Haz Mat Operations

Module 9: Fixed

Storage Containers

and Pipelines

NARRATION

Pencil Test

Haz Mat Awareness/

Core Ops Online

Training Course

7

But it is important for the responder at this level to be familiar with the different forms of fixed storage containers they will commonly encounter in their community, in order to safely perform their first responder responsibilities.

Haz Mat Operations

Module 9: Fixed

Storage Containers

and Pipelines

NARRATION

Pencil Test

Haz Mat Awareness/

Core Ops Online

Training Course

5

8

This unit addresses the fixed bulk storage containers:Cryogenic storage tanksCovered fixed roof tankFloating roof tankHorizontal low pressure storage tankHorizontal high pressure storage tankUnderground high pressure storage tankHigh Pressure Liquefied Gas tank and pipelines

Cryogenic storage tanks Covered fixed roof tank Floating roof tank Horizontal low pressure storage tank Horizontal high pressure storage tank Underground high pressure storage tank High Pressure Liquefied Gas tank and pipelines

FIXED BULK STORAGE CONTAINERS

Haz Mat Operations

Module 9: Fixed

Storage Containers

and Pipelines

NARRATION

Pencil Test

Haz Mat Awareness/

Core Ops Online

Training Course

9

The Cryogenic storage tank is used to store liquid oxygen, liquid hydrogen, carbon dioxide, etc.

Cryogenic Storage Tank

Haz Mat Operations

Module 9: Fixed

Storage Containers

and Pipelines

NARRATION

Pencil Test

Haz Mat Awareness/

Core Ops Online

Training Course

10

It is a double cylinder tank with insulation in between the cylinders. The average tank size is 10,000 gallons. Cryogenic storage tanks have a working pressure of 250 psi, and are equipped with a pressure relief valve.

Average Tank Size 10,000 Galloons Working Pressure 250 psi Pressure Relief Valve

Haz Mat Operations

Module 9: Fixed

Storage Containers

and Pipelines

NARRATION

Pencil Test

Haz Mat Awareness/

Core Ops Online

Training Course

11

Fixed roof tanks -also called cone roof tanks- are bulk liquid fuel storage tanks covered with a fixed cone shaped roof. They are used to store combustible liquids that have low vapor pressure and thus produce limited vapor .

Fixed Roof Tanks Cone Roof Tanks

Haz Mat Operations

Module 9: Fixed

Storage Containers

and Pipelines

NARRATION

Pencil Test

Haz Mat Awareness/

Core Ops Online

Training Course

Haz Mat Awareness

Module 1: Introduction

Pencil Test

Haz Mat Awareness/

Core Ops Online

Training Course

USDOT/ PHMSA

& FEMA/ USFA

12

These tanks are normally between 45 and 50 feet tall and 30 to 75 feet in diameter, but can be as tall as 100 feet and as big as 250 ft in diameter. The smaller diameter tanks are normally found at production and manufacturing facilities.

Haz Mat Operations

Module 9: Fixed

Storage Containers

and Pipelines

NARRATION

Pencil Test

Haz Mat Awareness/

Core Ops Online

Training Course

13

The tank has no special relief valve. Pressure relief is accomplished through vents on the roof of the tank. These vents are equipped with flame arresters to prevent any flame from propagating from outside to the inside of the tank.

Haz Mat Operations

Module 9: Fixed

Storage Containers

and Pipelines

NARRATION

Pencil Test

Haz Mat Awareness/

Core Ops Online

Training Course

14

Tanks built before 1952 have a weak base to wall weld, which means if the tank is over-pressurized it can take off like a rocket. Since 1952, tanks are required to have a weak wall to lid weld, so that if there is an explosion only the roof will come off, not the entire tank. However, Responders should remember that there are still pre-1952 tanks out there.

After 1952

Before 1952

Haz Mat Operations

Module 9: Fixed

Storage Containers

and Pipelines

NARRATION

Pencil Test

Haz Mat Awareness/

Core Ops Online

Training Course

15

The Floating roof tank- also called an open floater tank- has a roof that actually floats on top of the product. As the tank fills, the roof goes up. As the tank empties, the roof lowers down.

Floating Roof Tank Open Floater Tank

Haz Mat Operations

Module 9: Fixed

Storage Containers

and Pipelines

NARRATION

Pencil Test

Haz Mat Awareness/

Core Ops Online

Training Course

16

The floating roof tank is used to store flammable and combustible liquids with a higher vapor pressure. It is typically 40 to 60 feet in diameter but can be as large as 200 feet in diameter.. and has vents located at the top that look like an awning.

Haz Mat Operations

Module 9: Fixed

Storage Containers

and Pipelines

NARRATION

Pencil Test

Haz Mat Awareness/

Core Ops Online

Training Course

17

Horizontal atmospheric tanks are cylindrical tanks used to store flammable and combustible liquids.

Horizontal Atmospheric Tanks

Haz Mat Operations

Module 9: Fixed

Storage Containers

and Pipelines

NARRATION

Pencil Test

Haz Mat Awareness/

Core Ops Online

Training Course

18

They vary in size from hundreds to thousands of gallons. Most are placed on masonry cradles and use gravity for offloading. There may still be some found on steel legs that are subject to rapid collapse in the event of ground fire.

Haz Mat Operations

Module 9: Fixed

Storage Containers

and Pipelines

NARRATION

Pencil Test

Haz Mat Awareness/

Core Ops Online

Training Course

19

Horizontal high pressure storage tanks are larger cylinders with rounded ends that can hold up to 110,000 gallons.

Horizontal High Pressure Tanks

Haz Mat Operations

Module 9: Fixed

Storage Containers

and Pipelines

NARRATION

Pencil Test

Haz Mat Awareness/

Core Ops Online

Training Course

20

They are used to store liquefied petroleum gas propane, and some cases may be used to store butane. In agricultural areas they may be used to store anhydrous ammonia. They have either one or two relief valves. The second relief valve allows for maintenance on one relief valve without emptying the tank.

Propane Butane Anhydrous Ammonia

Haz Mat Operations

Module 9: Fixed

Storage Containers

and Pipelines

NARRATION

Pencil Test

Haz Mat Awareness/

Core Ops Online

Training Course

21

Underground high pressure storage tanks are used to place propane supplies underground. Tanks are coated to resist corrosion and can contain from 500 to 2,000 gallons.

Underground High Pressure Tanks

Haz Mat Operations

Module 9: Fixed

Storage Containers

and Pipelines

NARRATION

Pencil Test

Haz Mat Awareness/

Core Ops Online

Training Course

22

The tank will have a dome at ground level covered with a lid that contains the relief valve and the control valve. One caution for responders: Since both the relief valve and the control valve are next to each other under the lid, it can be difficult to access the control valve when the relief valve is operating.

Haz Mat Operations

Module 9: Fixed

Storage Containers

and Pipelines

NARRATION

Pencil Test

Haz Mat Awareness/

Core Ops Online

Training Course

23

High pressure liquefied gas tanksare spherical, which is the form with the greatest strength. Most commonly they are used for LPG, butane and in some cases cryogenics normally at refineries.

High Pressure Liquefied Gas Tanks

Haz Mat Operations

Module 9: Fixed

Storage Containers

and Pipelines

NARRATION

Pencil Test

Haz Mat Awareness/

Core Ops Online

Training Course

24

The tanks look like huge basketballs, and are used both on land for storage and mounted on ships for water transport. On ships they are atmospheric and are insulated and used primarily for liquefied natural gas. From the exterior they appear as half spheres.

Haz Mat Operations

Module 9: Fixed

Storage Containers

and Pipelines

NARRATION

Pencil Test

Haz Mat Awareness/

Core Ops Online

Training Course

25

What is the weakest point of a covered or fixed roof tank used for bulk oil storage tank? A The seam between the roof and the tank B The valves at the bottom of the tank C The walls of the tank D The open floor of the tank

Learning Check 1

Click on Answer

What is the weakest point of a covered or fixed roof tank used for bulk oil storage?

A The seam between the roof and the tank

B The valves at the bottom of the tank

C The walls of the tank

D The open floor of the tank

Haz Mat Operations

Module 9: Fixed

Storage Containers

and Pipelines

NARRATION

Pencil Test

Haz Mat Awareness/

Core Ops Online

Training Course

Learning Check 1

A B C D

Click on Answer

What is the weakest point of a covered or fixed roof tank used for bulk oil storage?

The seam between the roof and the tank

The valves at the bottom of the tank

The walls of the tank

The open floor of the tank 25A

That is correct. The seam between the roof and the tank is the weakest point, and the roof can separate in the event of an explosion.

The seam between the roof and the tank is the weakest point, and the

roof can separate in the event of an explosion.

Next

Haz Mat Operations

Module 9: Fixed

Storage Containers

and Pipelines

NARRATION

Pencil Test

Haz Mat Awareness/

Core Ops Online

Training Course

26

Why are low pressure horizontal storage tanks raised off the ground on steel or masonry frames? A To control for product theft B To allow airflow to cool the bottoms of the tanks C To prevent container rust D To allow for gravity offloading

Learning Check 2

Click on Answer

Why are low pressure horizontal storage tanks raised off the ground on steel or masonry frames?

A To control for product theft

B To allow airflow to cool the tanks

C To prevent container rust

D To allow for gravity offloading

Haz Mat Operations

Module 9: Fixed

Storage Containers

and Pipelines

NARRATION

Pencil Test

Haz Mat Awareness/

Core Ops Online

Training Course

Learning Check 2 Why are low pressure horizontal storage tanks raised off the ground on steel or masonry frames?

26 A

That is correct. The tanks are raised off the ground to allow for gravity offloading

Next

Click on Answer

A To control for product theft

B To allow airflow to cool the tanks

C To prevent container rust

D To allow for gravity offloading

The tanks are raised off the ground to allow for gravity offloading.

Haz Mat Operations

Module 9: Fixed

Storage Containers

and Pipelines

NARRATION

Pencil Test

Haz Mat Awareness/

Core Ops Online

Training Course

27

What kind of product is stored in underground high pressure storage tanks? A. Gasoline B. Sulfuric Acid C. Propane D. Borax

Learning Check 3

Click on Answer

What kind of product is stored in underground high pressure storage tanks?

A Gasoline

B Sulfuric Acid

C Propane

D Borax

Haz Mat Operations

Module 9: Fixed

Storage Containers

and Pipelines

NARRATION

Pencil Test

Haz Mat Awareness/

Core Ops Online

Training Course

Learning Check 3 What kind of product is stored in underground high pressure storage tanks?

27 A

That is correct. Propane is the product stored in underground high pressure storage tanks.

Next

Click on Answer

A Gasoline

B Sulfuric Acid

C Propane

D Borax

Propane is the product stored in underground high pressure storage

tanks.

Haz Mat Operations

Module 9: Fixed

Storage Containers

and Pipelines

NARRATION

Pencil Test

Haz Mat Awareness/

Core Ops Online

Training Course

28

Of all the various methods used to transport hazardous materials, the high-volume pipeline is the one that is most rarely involved in emergencies. However when they occur they tend to be large scale, high impact and of long duration.

Pipelines

Haz Mat Operations

Module 9: Fixed

Storage Containers

and Pipelines

NARRATION

Pencil Test

Haz Mat Awareness/

Core Ops Online

Training Course

29

Pipelines are used to transport liquids or gases. A pipeline may be a dedicated to transporting one or multiple products. If they transport multiple products, the specific product flowing through the line may change every few hours depending on demand.

Haz Mat Operations

Module 9: Fixed

Storage Containers

and Pipelines

NARRATION

Pencil Test

Haz Mat Awareness/

Core Ops Online

Training Course

30

Pipelines can vary in size from fractions of an inch to many feet in diameter. Pipelines will have pumping stations or cooling stations along the line.

Haz Mat Operations

Module 9: Fixed

Storage Containers

and Pipelines

NARRATION

Pencil Test

Haz Mat Awareness/

Core Ops Online

Training Course

31

Markers are required at all locations where the pipeline crosses another mode of transportation. The markers must contain the name of the company that owns the pipeline, the type of product being transported (e.g., propane, petroleum gas, petroleum liquids, etc.), and an emergency contact phone number.

Name of the Company that Owns the Pipeline Type of Product Being Transported Emergency Contact Phone Number

Haz Mat Operations

Module 9: Fixed

Storage Containers

and Pipelines

NARRATION

Pencil Test

Haz Mat Awareness/

Core Ops Online

Training Course

32

Pipeline emergencies are complicated events that require specially trained responders. If you suspect an emergency involving a pipeline, initiate a planned response and request the assistance of predestinated personnel and agencies. Contact the owner of the line immediately. The owner will dispatch a crew to assist in the incident.

Haz Mat Operations

Module 9: Fixed

Storage Containers

and Pipelines

NARRATION

Pencil Test

Haz Mat Awareness/

Core Ops Online

Training Course

33

What is the largest size of pipeline used in the US? A 15 feet in diameter B 10 feet in diameter C 6 feet in diameter D 2 feet in diameter

Learning Check 4

Click on Answer

What is the largest size of pipeline used in the US?

A 15 feet in diameter

B 10 feet in diameter C 6 feet in diameter D 2 feet in diameter

Haz Mat Operations

Module 9: Fixed

Storage Containers

and Pipelines

NARRATION

Pencil Test

Haz Mat Awareness/

Core Ops Online

Training Course

33 A

That is correct. The largest size pipeline in the US is 6 feet in diameter.

Next

Learning Check 4

Click on Answer

What is the largest size of pipeline used in the US?

A 15 feet in diameter

B 10 feet in diameter C 6 feet in diameter D 2 feet in diameter

The largest size pipeline in the US is 6 feet in diameter.

Haz Mat Operations

Module 9: Fixed

Storage Containers

and Pipelines

NARRATION

Pencil Test

Haz Mat Awareness/

Core Ops Online

Training Course

34

Which of the following items of information are NOT on the Pipeline warning sign? A Size and depth underground of the pipeline B Product carried in the pipeline C The owner of the pipeline D The telephone number to call in emergencies

Learning Check 5

Click on Answer

Which of the following items of information are NOT on the Pipeline warning sign?

A Size and depth underground of the pipeline

B Product carried in the pipeline

C The owner of the pipeline

D The telephone number to call in emergencies

Haz Mat Operations

Module 9: Fixed

Storage Containers

and Pipelines

NARRATION

Pencil Test

Haz Mat Awareness/

Core Ops Online

Training Course

Learning Check 5

Which of the following items of information are NOT on the Pipeline warning sign?

34 A

That is correct. The size and depth underground of the pipeline is not provided on the Pipeline Warning sign.

Click on Answer

A Size and depth underground of the pipeline

B Product carried in the pipeline

C The owner of the pipeline

D The telephone number to call in emergencies

The size and depth underground of the pipeline is not provided on the

Pipeline Warning sign.

Next

Haz Mat Operations

Module 9: Fixed

Storage Containers

and Pipelines

NARRATION

Pencil Test

Haz Mat Awareness/

Core Ops Online

Training Course

Fixed Bulk Containers And Pipelines

35

This concludes the unit “Bulk Storage Containers and Pipelines”. In this unit you learned the characteristics, common products carried, and safety features and hazards for the most common specialized containers.

Characteristics Common Products Carried Safety Features and Hazards

Haz Mat Operations

Module 9: Fixed

Storage Containers

and Pipelines

NARRATION

Pencil Test

Haz Mat Awareness/

Core Ops Online

Training Course

36

In the next unit “Personal Protective Equipment” you will learn the hazards from which responders need to be protected by PPE, how to select appropriate PPE, the different forms of respiratory protection, the different forms of thermal protective equipment, and the different forms of chemical protective equipment.

Personal Protective Equipment