Five Themes of Five Themes of GeographyGeography

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Geography Geography Definition:Definition:

The study of the distribution and The study of the distribution and interaction of physical and human interaction of physical and human features on the earthfeatures on the earth

LocationLocation

““Where is it?Where is it?”” Specific location on the earthSpecific location on the earth Two types of location: Two types of location:

Absolute locationAbsolute location Relative locationRelative location

LocationLocation Ms. CaseMs. Case’’s Rooms Room

What is the absolute location? 1015What is the absolute location? 1015 What is the relative location? Near Mrs. Lizana’s What is the relative location? Near Mrs. Lizana’s

roomroom

Seven Lakes High SchoolSeven Lakes High School What is the absolute location?What is the absolute location? 9251 South Fry 9251 South Fry

Road  Katy, TX 77494Road  Katy, TX 77494

What is the relative location? South of I-10What is the relative location? South of I-10

ABSOLUTE ABSOLUTE (Location)(Location)

Exact locationExact location Earth Divided into Hemispheres- N,S,E,WEarth Divided into Hemispheres- N,S,E,W Use longitude & latitude to find the Use longitude & latitude to find the

location (25 N, 30E)location (25 N, 30E) Use coordinates, addresses, room numbers, Use coordinates, addresses, room numbers,

etc. to find the absolute location.etc. to find the absolute location.

RELATIVE RELATIVE (Location)(Location)

Relative Location= tells things around Relative Location= tells things around it to get you there.it to get you there.

USA is located south of Canada and USA is located south of Canada and north of Mexico.north of Mexico.

I told you where USA was located by I told you where USA was located by telling you things close to it.telling you things close to it.

PlacePlace

AnswerAnswer’’s the question… s the question… ““What is it like What is it like there?there?””

This will let you know the UNIQUE This will let you know the UNIQUE Physical and Cultural Characteristics of a Physical and Cultural Characteristics of a location.location.

PlacePlace

How you would describe Houston according How you would describe Houston according to Place?to Place?

California? California? New York City? New York City? Italy?Italy?

Human/Environment Human/Environment InteractionInteraction

““How do people relate to the physical How do people relate to the physical world?world?””

How do people change the environment to How do people change the environment to fit their needs?fit their needs?How do people change to fit the How do people change to fit the environment they are living in?environment they are living in?

Human/Environment Human/Environment InteractionInteraction

Human beings work to alter their environments to Human beings work to alter their environments to make them better places or to provide needed goods.make them better places or to provide needed goods.

Not all alterations are good ideas. Sometimes these Not all alterations are good ideas. Sometimes these alterations create new problems such as pollution.alterations create new problems such as pollution.

Examples of HEI: Slash-and-burn farming, Three Examples of HEI: Slash-and-burn farming, Three Gorges Dam, urban sprawl, and terraced farming, Gorges Dam, urban sprawl, and terraced farming, air conditioningair conditioning

Human/Environment Human/Environment InteractionInteraction

RegionsRegions Region will answer the question, Region will answer the question, ““How are How are

areas similar or different?areas similar or different?””

RegionsRegions A region is an area of the earthA region is an area of the earth’’s surface with s surface with

similar characteristics (physical, political, similar characteristics (physical, political, economic, cultural).economic, cultural).

There are three different types of regions: There are three different types of regions: Formal, FunctionalFormal, Functional, and , and PerceptualPerceptual..

FORMALFORMAL(Region)(Region)

A A formal regionformal region is a geographic area that can is a geographic area that can be defined by a similar human or physical be defined by a similar human or physical characteristics. characteristics.

Some examples: The Middle East, Latin Some examples: The Middle East, Latin America, and Sub-Saharan AfricaAmerica, and Sub-Saharan Africa

FUNCTIONALFUNCTIONAL(Region)(Region)

A A functional regionfunctional region is a group of places that are is a group of places that are linked together by a common purpose or use.linked together by a common purpose or use.

Usually the region has a central place, or hub, Usually the region has a central place, or hub, and links going to that main area.and links going to that main area.

FUNCTIONALFUNCTIONAL(Region)(Region)

Example: Houston and its suburbs (highways, Example: Houston and its suburbs (highways, subways, bus lines take people to the city for subways, bus lines take people to the city for work, games, etc.)work, games, etc.)

PERCEPTUALPERCEPTUAL(Regions)(Regions)

A A perceptual regionperceptual region is a geographic area without is a geographic area without precise borders and is known to have commonly precise borders and is known to have commonly held views.held views.

Examples: Midwest, South, New England Bible Examples: Midwest, South, New England Bible Belt, Red Sox Nation, and Tornado Alley….you Belt, Red Sox Nation, and Tornado Alley….you cancan’’t put an exact border on any of these but each t put an exact border on any of these but each one of them has distinct beliefs or similar one of them has distinct beliefs or similar characteristics.characteristics.

PERCEPTUALPERCEPTUAL(Regions)(Regions)

PERCEPTUALPERCEPTUAL(Regions)(Regions)

MovementMovement

““How do people, ideas, and products move from How do people, ideas, and products move from one location to another?one location to another?””

MovementMovement

Movement of items, people or ideas Movement of items, people or ideas from place to place.from place to place.

Three kinds of distance: Three kinds of distance: Linear, Linear, TimeTime, and , and Psychological Distance Psychological Distance

LINEAR DISTANCE LINEAR DISTANCE (Movement)(Movement)

This simply means how far across the earth did a person, This simply means how far across the earth did a person, idea, or product travel.idea, or product travel.

This could be made This could be made

longer or shorter by longer or shorter by

physical features physical features

(Before and after (Before and after

Panama Canal).Panama Canal).

TIME DISTANCETIME DISTANCE(Movement)(Movement)

This is the amount of time it takes a person, idea, or This is the amount of time it takes a person, idea, or product to travel.product to travel.

Modern inventions have shortened time distances Modern inventions have shortened time distances (1800(1800’’s TX to California compared to now to s TX to California compared to now to California).California).

What about the internet? How quickly can ideas What about the internet? How quickly can ideas travel now?travel now?

PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTANCEPSYCHOLOGICAL DISTANCE(Movement)(Movement)

This refers to the way people view distance.This refers to the way people view distance. When we were younger, some locations When we were younger, some locations

seemed very far…when you get older, it seemed very far…when you get older, it doesndoesn’’t seem as far. Why?t seem as far. Why?

Studies say when we become familiar with Studies say when we become familiar with a place we think it is closer than it actually a place we think it is closer than it actually is (Grandmais (Grandma’’s house).s house).

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