FIVE SONGS OF NORTHEASTERN BRAZILIAN FOLKLORE BY ERNANI BRAGA, HARMONIZED FOR VOICE AND PIANO: A...

7/21/2019 FIVE SONGS OF NORTHEASTERN BRAZILIAN FOLKLORE BY ERNANI BRAGA, HARMONIZED FOR VOICE AND PIANO: A …

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/five-songs-of-northeastern-brazilian-folklore-by-ernani-braga-harmonized-for 1/89

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ZJ@LMETMS OGV@LF

V`cs stufy chvgstcbetgs t`g èrolhcj ehf r`ytòcj pettgrhs, ehf t`g dejnbrluhf

la Grhehc Jlste Drebe–s Acvg Zlhbs la Hlrt`gestgrh Drezcmceh Almnmlrg (Jchjl Jehâ÷gs

Hlrfgstches fl Almjmlrg Drescmgcrl). Emt`lub` emm acvg slhbs lrcbchetg arlo t`g seog

hetclhem almnmlrcj trefctclh, gej` cs uhcqug. Whfgrstehfchb t`g uhcqug aejgts la gej` slhbcs gssghtcem alr t`g pgralrogr–s epprlej` ehf chtgrprgtetclh. V`g dejnbrluhf chalroetclh

aurt`gr ghedmgs t`g pgralrogr tl sgt t`g slhbs ch t`g jlhtgxt la t`gcr `cstlrcjem ehf jumturem

trefctclhs. Dy gxpmlrchb gej` slhb–s `cstlrcjem dejnbrluhf ehf hetcvg chamughjgs, C

gmujcfetg `lw t`g tgxt ehf cts trefctclhem essljcetclhs eaagjtgf t`g jloplsgr's ouscjem

j`lcjgs. Fcsjussclh la gej` slhb aurt`gr chjmufgs dlt` wlrf-dy-wlrf ehf plgtcj

trehsmetclhs la cts tgxt. V`g wlrf-dy-wlrf trehsmetclh fgolhstretgs t`g gxejt rgmetclhs`cp

dgtwggh ogehchb ehf ouscj, ehf jemms ettghtclh tl wlrfs tèt s`lumf dg gopèsczgf. Ch

t`g seog wey, t`g plgtcj trehsmetclh prlvcfgs e bghgrem uhfgrstehfchb la t`g lvgremm spcrct

ehf ollf la t`g wlrn. Achemmy, tl rgslmvg prlhuhjcetclh jlhjgrhs alr hlh-[lrtubugsg

spgengrs, e prlhuhjcetclh bucfg ejjlrfchb tl t`g Chtgrhetclhem [`lhgtcj Empèdgt (C[E) cs

chjmufgf. Drcgamy, t`cs Chfgpghfght Ztufy aurhcs`gs emm t`g chalroetclh hggfgf alr e aummy

chalrogf chtgrprgtetclh la t`gsg gxtrelrfchery, dut mcttmg nhlwh wlrns.



"$

CHVTLFWJVCLH

Ztufy la Drebe ehf `cs wlrns cs copgfgf dy prgvclus wrctchbs lh t`g jloplsgr

tèt jlhametgf ehf jlhausgf t̀ rgg fcaagrght pglpmg uhfgr alur fcaagrght heogs. Dgalrg

gxpmlrchb Grhehc Jlste Drebe–s mcag, ct cs hgjgssery tl jlrrgjt t`cs dcdmclbrep`cj

jlhausclh. V`g alur jloplsgrs wct` scocmer heogs, w`l rgjgcvg jlhamcjtchb ettrcdutclhsch fcaagrght slurjgs erg9 (5) Grhehc Jlste Drebe, (4) Arehjcsjl Grhehc Drebe, (:) Ehtöhcl

Arehjcsjl Drebe, ehf (6) @ghrcqug Drebe.

Grhehc Jlste Drebe (5) wes e Drezcmceh jloplsgr ehf ouscjceh, w`l dgjeog

nhlwh wct`ch `cs jluhtry alr `cs gxjgmmght èrolhczetclh la cts almn slhbs. @cs jyjmg la

slhbs Jchjl Jehâ÷gs Hlrfgstches fl Almjmlrg Drescmgcrl (”Acvg Zlhbs la Hlrt`gestgrh

Drezcmceh Almnmlrg‟), @erolhczgf alr Qlcjg ehf [cehl, cs t̀ g sudigjt la t`cs stufy. V`cs

jyjmg ès dggh suhb ch rgjctems ehf jlhjgrts, hlt lhmy ch Drezcm, dut emsl wlrmfwcfg.

Ejjlrfchb tl RlrmfJet, t`cs ghtcrg jyjmg dy Drebe sggos tl èvg dggh rgjlrfgf lhmy

twcjg. V`g acrst rgjlrfchb wes dy t`g aeolus Drezcmceh slprehl Dcfù Zeyêl ch `gr 5370

emduo Almn Zlhbs arlo Drezcm .5 V`gh, Zlhy Jmesscjem rgoestgrgf t`g lrcbchem tepgs ch

5331, uhfgr t`g tctmg Dej`cehe Drescmgcre hl. 7> Lpgre Erces & Drezcmceh Almnslhbs.4

Eatgr tèt, t`cs seog jyjmg wes coolrtemczgf dy t`g brget Zpehcs` ogzzl-slprehl Vgrgse

5 Grhehc Drebe, Dcfù Zeyêl, ehf Ocmhg Jèrhmgy. Almn slhbs la Drezcm , JF, 5370 (lut la prcht).4 Dcfù Zeyêl, gt em. Dej`cehe drescmgcre hl. 7> Lpgre Erces & Drezcmceh Almnslhbs. Oestgrwlrns @grctebgQljem Zgrcgs, Zlhy Jmesscjem, ZHS 14:77, JF, 5331.



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Dgrbehze, lh Vgrgse Dgrbehze Zchbs Qcmme-Mldls, Drebe, Bustevchl.: Lh tèt rgjlrfchb,

`lwgvgr, t`g jloplsgr–s heog cs grrlhglusmy mcstgf es Arehjcsjl Grhehc Drebe (4). V`cs

grrlr acrst drlub`t tl oy ettghtclh t`g jlhausclh tèt ès gxcstgf edlut t`g jloplsgr–s

ejtuem heog ehf t`g eut`lrs`cp la `cs ouscjem wlrns. Lh aurt`gr chvgstcbetclh, C aluhf

jctetclh la hlt twl, dut alur fcaagrght Drebes, lhg la w`lo eppgers hlt gvgh tl gxcst.

”Zlhb, E Bucfg tl Ert Zlhb Ztymg ehf Mctgreturg‟, dy Jerlm Ncodemm, jlvgrs ert

slhbs la oehy hetclhs. Cts alur pebgs lh Drezcmceh jloplsgrs prgsght Arehjcsjl Grhehc

Drebe (4), es wgmm es t`g wgmm-nhlwh @gctlr Qcmme-Mldls.6 Ejjlrfchb tl Ncodemm, t`g

jyjmg la slhbs ”Jchjl Jehâ÷gs Hlrfgstches fl Almjmlrg Drescmgcrl (Acvg Zlhbs la Hlrt`gestgrh Drezcmceh Almnmlrg) wes wrcttgh dy t`cs Arehjcsjl Grhehc Drebe (4).

Mcdrery fetedesgs jlhtech chalroetclh edlut Grhehc Jlste Drebe (5). RlrmfJet

prgsghtgf sluhfs, sjlrgs, ehf lhg dlln dy Bcsgtg [grgcre.7 [rlUugst jctgf e 4;;7

J`cjebl Vrcduhg ertcjmg tèt fcsjussgs Vgrgze Dgrbehze–s rgjlrfchb la Drebe's Jepco fc

prehte, t`g sgjlhf slhb ch t`g Almn Zlhb jyjmg. IZVLT–s lhg ghtry lh Drebe jctgs t`g

oumettl jlhfujtlr ehf jloplsgr Êhtöhcl_ Arehjcsjl Drebe (:), es eh gxeopmg la t`lsg

w`l ”wlumf jlhtrcdutg wct` verclus tlhemctcgs ehf fgbrggs la t`g Dmejn jèrejtgr tl t`g

dgbchhchbs la Drezcmceh ouscj.‟1IZVLT fcstchbucs`gs dgtwggh Ehtöhcl Arehjcsjl Drebe

(:) ehf Grhehc ^Jlste_ Drebe (5), ehf fgsjrcdgs t`g mettgr‚sudigjt la t`cs stufy‚es e

jloplsgr w`l chausgf Earcjeh gmgoghts chtl Drezcmceh ouscj, dy prlfujchb wlrns tèt

:

Grhehc Drebe, Dcfù Zeyêl, ehf Ocmhg Jèrhmgy, Almn slhbs la Drezcm , JF, 5370 (lut la prcht).6 Jerlm Ncodemm, Zlhb, E Bucfg tl Ert Zlhb Ztymg ehf Mctgreturg , Tgv. gf. (Ocmweungg9 @em MglherfJlrplretclh, 4;;1), 742-740.7 Bcsgtg Ebucer Jlgm`l [grgcre, Grhehc Drebe vcfe g ldre (Tgjcag9 Zgjrgterce fg Gfujeâêl fl Gstefl fg[grheodujl, 5301).1 Edfces Fl Hesjcoghtl, ”Earcjeh Jumturg ch Drezcmceh Ert‟, Ilurhem la Dmejn Ztufcgs, Qlm. 0, Hl. 6 (Iuh.,5320), V`lusehf Lens9 Zebg [udmcjetclhs, Chj., pp. 6;3 `ttp9//www.istlr.lrb/stedmg/420:004 (ejjgssgf Hlvgodgr ;6, 4;;3).



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s`lw ”t`g Dmejn chamughjg ch t`gcr strujturg, t`gog lr lt`gr alroem gmgoght.‟2 Ouscj

Chfgx rgturhgf t`rgg ghtrcgs edlut t`g jloplsgr ehf `cs slhbs9 e fljtlrem fcssgrtetclh dy

Ilsã Tcjerfl Mlpgs [grgcre, ehf twl ghtrcgs ch pgrclfcjems.

Aurt`gr rgsgerj` jmercacgf t`g jlhausclh lvgr t`g Drebes– heogs. V`grg erg, eatgr

emm, hlt alur, dut t`rgg fcaagrght jloplsgrs heogf Drebe (ch j`rlhlmlbcjem lrfgr)9

@ghrcqug Drebe (6), (5067 ‚ 5352), Ehtöhcl Arehjcsjl Drebe (:), (5010 ‚ 5367), ehf

Grhehc Jlste Drebe (5), (5000 ‚ 5360). V`cs jmercacjetclh eppgers ch t`g fetedesg Ouscj

Zejn, es wgmm es lh t`g wgdsctg Jehâ÷gs Drescmgcres, Ldres pere Jehtl g [cehl

(Drezcmceh Zlhbs, Rlrns alr Qlcjg ehf [cehl). V`cs cs t`g Agfgrem Whcvgrscty la OchesBgrecs– (WAOB) jlopcmetclh la Drezcmceh Ert Zlhbs. WAOB–s wgdsctg jlrrgjtmy jctgs

Grhehc Jlste Drebe (5) es t`g jloplsgr w`l jloplsgf Jchjl Jehâ÷gs Hlrfgstches fl

Almjmlrg Drescmgcrl.0 V`g sctg emsl oghtclhs Ehtöhcl Arehjcsjl Drebe (:) ehf @ghrcqug

Drebe (6). V`cs chalroetclh cs aurt`gr jlrrldlretgf ch @cstúrce fe Oùscje hl Drescm (V`g

@cstlry la Ouscj ch Drezcm), dy Qesjl Oercz, e Drezcmceh ouscjlmlbcst.3

Mcdrery rgslurjgs suj` es V`g Hgw Brlvg Fcjtclhery la Ouscj ehf Ouscjcehs,

Dengr–s Dclbrep`cjem Fcjtclhery la Vwghtcgt`-Jghtury Jmesscjem Ouscjcehs, ehf V`g

@erverf Dclbrep`cjem Fcjtclhery la Ouscj, jlhtech ghtrcgs edlut Ehtöhcl Arehjcsjl

Drebe (:). Ejjlrfchb tl t`go, `g wes dlrh ch 5010, fcgf ch 5367, ehf `cs mcst la wlrns

jlhtechs hl jctetclh la Jchjl Jehâ÷gs Hlrfgstches. V`g ghtrcgs lh Ehtöhcl Arehjcsjl

Drebe (:) emsl jlrrldlretg t`g chalroetclh edlut `co plstgf lh WAOB–s wgd sctg

2 Cdcf.0 Bucfe Dlrb`laa, Mujcehe Olhtgcrl fg Jestrl, ”Jehâ÷gs Drescmgcres, Ldres pere Jehtl g [cehl‟, Gsjlme fg Oùscje fe WAOB `ttp9//www.brufg.uaob.dr/ouscje/jehjelDrescmgcre.hsa/lbuce<lpghalro (ejjgssgfLjtldgr 50, 4;;3).3 Qesjl Oercz, @cstúrce fe Oùscje hl Drescm , 7t` gf., (Tcl fg Iehgcrl9 Hlve Arlhtgcre, 4;;;), 451-452,trehs. Zãrbcl Ocrehfe.



"'

Jehâ÷gs Drescmgcres. Lhmy Ncodemm–s dlln ehf RlrmfJet–s jctetclh edlut Vgrgse

Dgrbehze–s JF gvgh oghtclh Arehjcsjl Grhehc Drebe (4), w`l lt`grwcsg eppgers hlt tl

èvg gxcstgf.

Jlopercslh la t`g dcrt` ehf fget` fetgs la t`g t`rgg rgoechchb jloplsgrs heogf

Drebe gstedmcs`gs tèt Grhehc Jlste Drebe (5) wes rgsplhscdmg alr t`cs jyjmg la slhbs. V`g

spurclus Arehjcsjl Grhehc Drebe (4) ès t`g seog dcrt` ehf fget` fetgs es Ehtöhcl

Arehjcsjl Drebe (:), ehf oehy fgtecms edlut Arehjcsjl Grhehc Drebe (4), mcstgf dy

Ncodemm, sggo tl èvg dggh mcatgf arlo t`g dclbrep`y la Ehtöhcl Arehjcsjl Drebe (:).

V`gsg fgtecms eppger emsl ch ertcjmgs lh Ehtöhcl Arehjcsjl Drebe ch V`g Hgw Brlvg Fcjtclhery la Ouscj ehf Ouscjcehs, Dengr–s Dclbrep`cjem Fcjtclhery la Vwghtcgt`-

Jghtury Jmesscjem Ouscjcehs, ehf V`g @erverf Dclbrep`cjem Fcjtclhery la Ouscj.

Ejjlrfchb tl ”V`g Zlml Qljem Ouscj la Grhehc Drebe ,‟ Ilsã Tcjerfl Mlpgs [grgcre–s

FOE fcssgrtetclh, Ehtöhcl Arehjcsjl Drebe (:) wes Grhehc Jlste Drebe–s (5) tgej`gr

ehf pgrslhem arcghf. Ehtöhcl Arehjcsjl Drebe (:) wes emsl Grhehc Jlste Drebe–s (5)

feub`tgr–s blfaet`gr. V`cs oey gxpmech w`y ”wg argqughtmy achf dlt` heogs jlodchgf

tlbgt`gr chtl lhg9 Arehjcsjl Grhehc Drebe (4).‟5; V`g ghtry lh Arehjcsjl Grhehc Drebe

(4) ch Ncodemm–s dlln eppgers tl dg e rgsumt la ocxgf chalroetclh edlut Ehtöhcl

Arehjcsjl Drebe (:) ehf Grhehc Jlste Drebe (5). Ct cs tùs vgry jmger tèt Grhehc Jlste

Drebe (5) wes t`g jloplsgr la Jchjl Jehâ÷gs Hlrfgstches fl Almjmlrg Drescmgcrl.

Jlhjmusclhs edlut t`cs jyjmg la slhbs alr t`g jlopmgtg uhfgrstehfchb hgjgssery

alr pgralroehjg wcmm dg frewh arlo cts `cstlrcjem dejnbrluhf ehf jlhtgxt, es wgmm es

arlo t`g ouscjem sjlrgs, ehf oy pgrslhem jloprg`ghsclh ehf chtgrprgtetclh la t`go.

5; Ilsã Tcjerfl Mlpgs [grgcre, V`g Zlml Qljem Ouscj la Grhehc Drebe, F.O.E. fcss., Whcv. la Jemcalrhce,Zehte Derdere, 4;;2, 1-2.



"(

@evchb slmvgf t`g cfghtcty puzzmg la t`g jloplsgr, wg hlw dgbch dy stufychb `cs

dclbrep`y ehf ghvcrlhs.



")

J@E[VGT C

GTHEHC DTEBE

Dclbrep`y

55

Acburg 5. Grhehc Drebe (5; Iehuery5000-51 Zgptgodgr5360)

Grhehc Jlste Drebe (lr iust Grhehc Drebe) wes e Drezcmceh jloplsgr, vcrtulscj

pcehcst, jlhfujtlr, ouscjlmlbcst, jumturem ebght, ouscj gfujetlr, ehf ouscj jrctcj. @g wes

eh coplrteht acburg ch t`g Drezcmceh ouscj sjghg furchb t`g acrst `ema la t`g 4; t` Jghtury.54

Dlrh lh 5; Iehuery 5000 ch Tcl fg Iehgcrl, Drezcm, mcttmg cs nhlwh edlut `cs bghgrem

gfujetclh. Drebe dgbeh `cs ouscjem stufcgs wct` Emargfl Dgvcmejque et t`g Hetclhem

Chstctutg la Ouscj ch Tcl fg Iehgcrl, godrejchb Drezcmceh ouscjem Hetclhemcso.

Ztymcstcjemmy, `g dgmlhbs tl t`g sgjlhf bghgretclh la Drezcmceh jloplsgrs. Ch 53:;, `g

55Åmverl Jermchc, Wo lutrl Grhähc Drebe9 espgjtls pgsslecs rgvgmefls go jlrrgsplhféhjces jlo Agrhehfl Jlrrée fg Ezgvgfl ghtrg 5367-5360, :, trehs. Zãrbcl Ocrehfe.54 Cdcf, 5.



"*

aluhfgf t`g Jlhsgrvetúrcl [grheodujehl fg Oùscje ([grheodujehl Jlhsgrvetlry la

Ouscj). Drebe emsl dgjeog wgmm-nhlwh alr `cs argqught ouscjem tlurs t`rlub`lut Drezcm

arlo 53:2 tcmm `cs fget` ch 5360. @g teub`t vlcjg ehf j`lrem jlhfujtchb ch [grheodujl,

es wgmm es oestgr jmessgs lh tlur ch t`g oehy Drezcmceh stetgs.5: [grèps dgjeusg la `cs

ejtcvg pgralrochb ehf tgej`chb jerggrs, `cs ouscjem lutput wes rgmetcvgmy soemm jlopergf

tl @gctlr Qcmme-Mldls–. Drebe–s merbgst nhlwh wlrn cs e demmgt ghtctmgf He Amlrgste

Ghjehtefe (Ch t`g Ghjèhtgf Alrgst).56 @g emsl jloplsgf @loghebgo e Jermls Blogs

(@loebg tl Jermls Blogs), e syop`lhcj plgo alr lrj`gstre ehf j`lrus> Iejerã

(Emmcbetlr), alr strchb quertgt> Jehtcbes [recehes (Dgej` Zlhbs)> ehf JehjclhgcrlBeùj`l (Beùj`l Zlhbdlln).57 Drebe cs gspgjcemmy hltgf alr `cs lutstehfchb jyjmg la

slhbs, Jchjl Jehâ÷gs Hlrfgstches fl Almjmlrg Drescmgcrl (Acvg Zlhbs la Hlrt`gestgrh

Drezcmceh Almnmlrg), desgf lh Drezcmceh almn ouscj, w`cj` jlodchgs [lrtubugsg,

chfcbghlus, ehf Earcjeh-Drezcmceh t`gogs.51 Lt`gr wgmm-nhlwh jloplsctclhs la Drebe

chjmufg `cs aeolus èrolhczetclh la t`g almnslhb E Jeschè [gqughche (V`g Mcttmg

@lusg).52 Drebe fcgf lh 51 Zgptgodgr 5360, la mcvgr fcsgesg, plsscdmy jcrr`lscs, rgsumtchb

arlo `cs dl`goceh mcagstymg.50

5: +,-./;/5 !" $%&'$ (')*)+ ,'-.-/ ""5 4-,;:6 71-2/0 3/-,;9,.56 Tlhemf @cmtlh, R`l's R`l ch Metch Eogrcje9 [ert QC, Drezcm , Jemcalrhce9 Ztehalrf Whcvgrscty, 5360, 65`ttp9//dllns.bllbmg.jlo/dllns<cf?;6oeEEEECEEI&pb?[E65&mpb?[E65&fq?%44he+amlrgste+ghjehtefe,+fg+grhehc+drebe%44&slurjg?dm&lts?gmdpzSjROf&scb?xELldDWjDeD5pULPiihN5O62:lC&`m?gh&gc?ls:5Zu[CEs2H0UesmYPzJU&se?P&lc?dlln\rgsumt&jt?rgsumt&rgshuo?6&vgf?;JDWU1EGwEw#v?lhgpebg&q?&a?aemsg (Ejjgssgf lh Hlvgodgr 2, 4;;3).

57 Tgbrgttedmy, emt`lub` t`gsg wlrns erg latgh jctgf, t`g mljetclh la t`g sjlrgs la He Amlrgste Ghjehtefe ehf Iejerã rgoechs uhnhlwh. Zjlrgs la @loghebgo e Jermls Blogs, Jehtcbes [recehes, JehjclhgcrlBeùj`l jeh dg aluhf et t`g Zgrvcjg la Jumturem Fljuoghtetclh ehf Fcssgochetclh la Zjlrgs la t`g[grheodujl Ztetg–s Zgjrgtery la Jumturg ‚ hltgf dy Bcsgtg Ebucer Jlgm`l [grgcre, Grhehc Drebe vcfe gldre (Tgjcag9 Zgjrgterce fg Gfujeâêl fl Gstefl fg [grheodujl, 5301), p. 513-522.51 [grgcre, Zlml Qljem Ouscj, 53.52 Oercz, @cstúrce fe Oùscje, 451-452, 4-,;:6 71-2/0 3/-,;9,6

") Jermchc, Wo lutrl Grhähc Drebe, 57-51, trehs. Zãrbcl Ocrehfe.



#>

Zlhbs

Oehy la Drebe–s slhbs, chjmufchb oehusjrcpts, jeh dg aluhf et t`g Hetclhem

Mcdrery (DH) ch Tcl fg Iehgcrl, es wgmm es et t`g Zgrvcjg la Jumturem Fljuoghtetclh ehf

Fcssgochetclh la t`g [grheodujl Ztetg–s Zgjrgtery la Jumturg. Whalrtuhetgmy, t`lub`,

slog la `cs slhbs ”wgrg iust oghtclhgf ch prlbreos ehf ertcjmgs . . . t`grg cs hlt e nhlwh

sjlrg.‟53 V`g tedmg dgmlw jlhtechs emm nhlwh slhbs dy Drebe. V`g eddrgvcetclh FHA

(Fete Hlt Aluhf) wcmm dg usgf tl chfcjetg t`lsg w`lsg mljetclhs ehf pudmcs`grs rgoech

uhnhlwh.

Vctmg la Zlhbs [lgt Mljetclh [udmcs`gr Jctgf lh

Edemuecé (Edemuecg) Almnmlrg FHA FHA[grgcre,WAOB

Edlcl (@grfchb Zlhb) Grhehc Drebe DH, WAOBZêl [euml9 Tcjlrfc

Drescmgcre, s,f.[grgcre,WAOB

M–Esjghjclh (Esjghsclh) Whnhlwh DH Oehusjrcpt [grgcre

Dlc Derrlsl (Derrlsl) Almnmlrg FHA

FHA, rgjlrfgf dyDcfù Zeyêl, ehf

oghtclhgf lh e rgjctem prlbreo

[grgcre

Dlc Zururc (Zururc) Whnhlwh FHA FHA [grgcre

Jehtcbes [recehes (Dgej`Zlhbs)

Qcjghtg fgJervem`l

DHTcl fg Iehgcrl9 Jese

Ertùr HeplmgêlZêl [euml9 Agroete

fl Drescm

[grgcre,WAOB

Jepco fc [rehte (Rggfs) Almnmlrg FHA Dughls Ecrgs9 Tcjlrfc[grgcre,WAOB

Jeschè [gqughche (V`g Mcttmg @lusg)

[lpumer tgxt DH, WAOB

Zêl [euml9 TcjlrfcDrescmgcre, 5315>

Dughls Ecrgs9 TcjlrfcEogrcjehe

[grgcre,WAOB

Me Jmlj`g Aémãg (V`g Drlngh Dgmm)

JèrmgsDeufgmecrg


Ertùr Heplmgêl[grgcre,WAOB

Fgh-Dål (Fgh-Del) Whnhlwh FHAFHA, oghtclhgf lh e

prlbreo rgjctem[grgcre

Fgseacl (Jèmmghbg) Almnmlrg DH Oehusjrcpt[grgcre,WAOB

Fgscmufcfe (Fcsepplchtgf)Qcjghtg fgJervem`l



Flhe fl ogu jlreâêl (Mefyla oy `gert)

Whnhlwh DH Oehusjrcpt [grgcre

53 [grgcre, Zlml Qljem Ouscj, 14.



#"

Ghbgh`l Hlvl (Hgw Zuber Ocmm)

Almnmlrg FHADughls Ecrgs9 Tcjlrfc

Eogrcjehe[grgcre,WAOB

Oenlgtå (Oenlgte) Almnmlrg DH Oehusjrcpt [grgcre

Oeh`ê (Olrhchb) Qcbcmcl Qctlrcl DH Oehusjrcpt[grgcre,WAOB

Oerejetù (Oerejetu) Esjghâl Agrrgcre DH, WAOBZêl [euml9 Tcjlrfc

Drescmgcre

[grgcre,

WAOB Ogce Jehè (@ema Z`y) Almnmlrg DH, WAOB

Zêl [euml9 TcjlrfcDrescmgcre

[grgcre,WAOB

Olrghchè (Mcttmg Druhgttg) Rcmmy Mgwch DHTcl fg Iehgcrl9 Jermls

Rg`rs, 53:6[grgcre,WAOB

Hcbug-hcbug-hchès (Hcbug-hcbug-hchès)

Almnmlrg DHDughls Ecrgs9 Tcjlrfc


L nchcodå (L` Nchcodå) Almnmlrg DHDughls Ecrgs9 Tcjlrfc


Öbuhfé-Pehblfé Almnmlrg DH Oehusjrcpt [grgcreÖbuhfã-uergrã (Lbuhfg-

uergrg) Almnmlrg DH Oehusjrcpt

[grgcre,WAOB

Lxuo! Ecejl! (Lxuo!

Ecejl)

Almnmlrg DH Oehusjrcpt [grgcre

[rghfe Ochè (Bcat la Ochg)

Almnmlrg FHAFHA, oghtclhgf lh e

rgjctem prlbreo[grgcre

Zêl Ilêl-fe-re-rêl (Zecht Il`h–s fey)

Almnmlrg DHDughls Ecrgs9 Tcjlrfc


Zuspcrls qug vêl g vgo(Zcb`s tèt jlog ehf bl)


Vecéres, Jgrcoöhce Freoåtcje Almjmúrcje

(Vecéres, Almn FreoetcjJgrgolhy)


Vrcstgssg fg Me Muhg(Zlrrlws la t`g Ollh)

JèrmgsDeufgmecrg



Qgmè Jehâêl (Lmf Zlhb) Olejyr Jèbes DH FHA [grgcre,WAOB

Vedmg 5 Jloprg`ghscvg Mcst la Zlhbs alr Qlcjg ehf [cehl dy Grhehc Jlste Drebe 4;

4; V`g slhbs prgsghtgf ch t`cs mcst wgrg aluhf lh V`g Zlml Qljem Ouscj la Grhehc Drebe, dy Ilsã TcjerflMlpgs [grgcre, ehf lh t`g WAOB wgdsctg ”Jehâ÷gs Drescmgcres, Ldres pere Jehtl g [cehl.‟



##

J@E[VGT CC

ACQG ZLHBZ LA HLTV@GEZVGTH DTEYCMCEH ALMNMLTG

Drebe–s Acvg Zlhbs la Hlrt`gestgrh Drezcmceh Almnmlrg eppger tl `evg dggh

jlmmgjtgf dy t`g jloplsgr ch 5340, w`gh `g trevgmgf ch e tlur tl emm t`g stetg jepctems la

hlrt`grh ehf hlrt`gestgrh Drezcm.45V`g jlopmgtg jyjmg, `lwgvgr, wes acrst prgsghtgf ch

Dughls Ecrgs, Erbghtche, lh Iumy 5, 5364. Et t̀ et pgralroehjg, Drebe `cosgma

ejjlopehcgf t`g slprehl Jmere Zluvcrlh tl prloltg Tcjlrfc–s pudmcjetclh la t`g sgt la

slhbs.44

Ch t`cs pepgr, C wcmm drcgamy ehemyzg t`g ouscj la gej` slhb, cts lrcbchem tgxt, cts

p`lhgtcjs, ehf C wcmm prgsght wlrf-dy-wlrf ehf plgtcj trehsmetclhs.

Zlhb 5. L– NCHCODÅ

[lrtubugsg Vgxt C[E Vrehsjrcptclh

L– Nchcodå! l n c h ! d e

Fefe öné Nchcodå! f e f e l n u g n c h ! d e

Zemö eiö huecé s e m l e f" l h u e i g

Vedmg 4 Vrehsmetclh ehf Chtgrhetclhem [`lhgtcj Emp`edgt (C[E) Vrehsjrcptclh

Grhehc Drebe fgfcjetgf L– Nchcodå tl e mefy heogf Ogrjgfgs fg Rgchstgch ( E–

Zgh`lre Ogrjgfgs fg Rgchstgch).

45 [grgcre, Zlml Qljem Ouscj, 5;.44 Cdcf, 75.



#$

[gralroehjg Ehemyscs la L– Nchcodå

Chtrlfujtclh9 oo. 5-54E 9 oo. 5:-44

Chtgrmufg9 oo. 4:-47

E– 9 oo. 41-:7 Chtgrmufg9 oo. :1-65

E‟ 9 oo. 64-74

Vedmg : Ouscjem Alro la L– Nchcodå

V`g acrst slhb, L– nchcodå (L` Nchcodå), cs eh Earcjeh-Drezcmceh rgmcbclus slhb

tèt wes jlmmgjtgf ch [grheodujl Ztetg, ehf ct cs suhb tl wlrs`cp Pehbö, t`g nchb la t`g

blfs ch t`g Slrudeh rgmcbclh ehf cts Earcjeh-Drezcmceh fgsjghfeht, Jehflodmã. Drebe

sgts t`g ouscj alr t`g seog tgxt ch t̀ rgg fcaagrght weys. V`g ouscj dgbchs ch e smlw

tgopl, w`cj` sggos tl dg olrg mcng e preygr tèh e dettmg. [grgcre efvljetgs alr t`cs

smlwgr tgopl, stetchb tèt ? 76 sggos efgquetg ehf ct s`lumf hlt dg ouj` aestgr dut

jlumf plsscdmy dg smlwgr.‟4: V`g ouscj sterts lut wct` e twgmvg-ogesurg chtrlfujtclh,

wct` stgefy trcpmgts ch t`g mgat èhf la t`g pcehl pert, w`cj` sggos tl rgsgodmg 54/0 emuiå

r`ytò fgfcjetgf tl Pehbö.46 V`g fyheocj oernchb cs pcehl. V`lsg trcpmgts sluhf t`g

tlhcj D ch ljtevgs ehf s`lumf dg pmeygf et e smlw pejg, ch e nchf la smlw pgrpgtuem

oltclh. Emsl, t`g pcehcst s`lumf jergaummy rgertcjumetg gej` rgpgtctclh la t`lsg ljtevgs,

w`cmg oechtechchb t`g sghsg la mgbetl. Es e rgsumt, t`g pgfem plcht auhjtclhs mcng e

rgpgetgf ouscjem oehtre. Ch jlhtrest, t`g rcb`t èhf chtrlfujgs t`g ogmlfcj mchg tèt wcmm

eppger metgr. V`cs oltcvg cs ch e fupmg ogtgr, w`cj` jlhtrests wct` t`g jlopluhf trcpmgts

4: [grgcre, V`g Zlml Qljem Ouscj la Grhehc Drebe, 74, cs t`g slurjg la t`cs ogtrlhlog oernchb, emt`lub`t`g stetgoght ch `cs fcssgrtetclh mejns t`g hltg. C èvg aluhf tèt lhmy e quertgr hltg wlrns et t`cs tgopl.46 Zgg Eppghfcx D



#%

ch t`g desg. Drebe prgsghts t`cs ogmlfy ch acrst chvgrsclh j`lrfs> t`gsg ducmf e sgqughjg

la chvgrtgf trcefs tl supplrt t`g oech ogmlfcj mchg. V`cs ”twl ebechst t`rgg‟ r`ytò emsl

jrgetgs e mcvgmy fehjg-mcng, emolst tehbl-mcng aggm.

Acburg 4. L– Nchcodå, oo. 5-7

Alr t`cs slhb, Drebe j`llsgs t`g ngy la D oeilr, w`cj` cs latgh supplsgf tl dg

”strlhbmy jlmlrgf, ehhluhjchb wcmf pessclhs, jloplsgf arlo t`g olst bmerchb jlmlrs.

Ehbgr, rebg, igemlusy, aury, fgspecr ehf gvgry durfgh la t`g `gert mcg ch cts sp`grg.‟47

Edlut ouscjem ngys ehf ollfs, Derzuh seys ”jgrtech ngys ehf t`g ochlr sjemg bghgremmy

s`lw eaachcty wct` fern lr olrg pghscvg ollf> lt`gr ngys ehf t`g oeilr sjemg suct t`g

lpplsctg.‟41

Derzuh emsl stetgs, ”smlw pejg ehf fggp tlhgs sggo tl bl wct` wèt cs sef,

sgrclus, slmgoh, oeigstcj, oghejchb.‟42 Arlo oo. 5: tl 47, Drebe ducmfs t`g

ejjlopehcoght ch t`g dess jmga, pgrèps tl jrgetg t`cs slmgoh ollf. V`g usg la quertgr

47Ngvch Mgssoeh. Goltclhs la t`g Ouscjem Ngys. 4;;6`ttp9//www.brefargg.jlo/ngvch/slog\t`glry\lh\ouscjem\ngys.`to (ejjgssgf lh Iumy 45st, 4;5;).

41 Iejqugs Derzuh. ”V`g Ogehchb la Ogehchb ch Ouscj9 Dgrmclz lhjg olrg.‟ V`g Ouscjem Uuertgrmy, 11(530;), 2.42 Cdcf.



#&

hltgs ehf tcgs ch e smlw tgopl drchbs e sghsg la jemo, w`cj` jrgetgs eh eodcghjg la

wlrs`cp. V`gh, t`g vljem mchg dgbchs wct` t`g ogmlfy usgf ch t`g pcehl–s rcb`t èhf pert

ch t`g chtrlfujtclh.

Acburg :. L– Nchcodå, oo. 55-57

V`g jloplsgr usgs oehy chvgrtgf chtgrvems ch t`g ejjlopehcoght, dut `g emtgrs slog la

t`go, uschb dlt` pgragjt ehf euboghtgf alurt`s ch t`g pcehl–s rcb`t èhf. Drebe oey lr

oey hlt èvg nhlwh tèt, furchb t`g Derlqug pgrclf, euboghtgf alurt`s wgrg usgf tl

gxprgss brcga ehf ehbucs`.40 Dut `g sggos tl usg t`lsg j`lrfs ehf t`g sustechgf,

fcochcs`chb tlhcj D ch t`g vlcjg tl rgchalrjg Pehbö–s ollf la pghscvg, gvgh ogmehj`lmy

fgvltclh.

40Teyolhf Olhgmmg. Mchbucstcjs ehf Zgocltcjs ch Ouscj. Jlhtgoplrery Ouscj Ztufcgs, v. 7. (Mlhflh9@erwllf Ejefgocj [udmcs`grs, 5334), 43:.



#'


Hltwct`stehfchb cts dgeuty, t`g jloplsgr–s chtgrprgtetclh la t`g tgxt cs chjlrrgjt.

Es pudmcs`gf dy Erbghtchg Tcjlrfc, t`cs slhb dgers t`g hltg, ”Oejuode–s slhb, -

rgmcbclus Earcjeh rctuem, - jlmmgjtgf ch [grheodujl stetg. Pehbö, e fgcty ch t`g Oejuode

seys t`et `g cs lh gert` ‚ nchcodå ‚ dut `g aggms hlstembce arlo `gevgh, huecé.‟43 V`cs

chalroetclh eppgers lh t`g acrst pebg la t`g sjlrg.

Acburg 7. L–Nchcodå ‚ Vctmg ehf Fgfcjetclh, rgprlfujtclh arlo prchtgf sjlrg

43 ‐Jehjcúh fg ”oejuode‟, - rctuem rgmcbclsl fg lrcbgo earcjehl, - rgjlbcfe gh [grheodujl. ‐Pehbö–,fcvchcfef prgsghtg gh me ‐oejuode–, fcjg qug gstå gh me tcgrre, - nchcodå– ‚ pgrl scghtg hlsmtembce fgm jcgml,‐huecé,– trehsmetgf dy t`cs eut`lr.



#(

V`g tctmg hltg cs ch grrlr. V`g jloplsgr oey èvg dggh tlmf tèt t`g wlrf Nchcodå

wlumf ogeh ”`g seys `g cs lh gert`‟, ehf huecé wlumf scbhcay ”aggms hlstembce la

`gevgh.‟ C èf t`g bllf alrtuhg tl j`gjn t`g Slrude tgxt wct` e hetcvg spgengr, w`l cs

chtcoetgmy chvlmvgf wct` t`g vgry fgvltclh ch w`cj` Nchcodå eppgers, Dedemlrcsè Ilrbg

Ncdehezeodc. E Dedemlrcsè cs e prcgst aet`gr la t`g Slrudeh blfs. :; V`g ejtuem tgxt

s`lumf dg trehsmetgf chtl Ghbmcs` es ”Rg precsg t`g Nchb wct` spcrctuem strghbt`. Rg

precsg t`g Nchb Lde Ebehiù wct` spcrctuem strghbt`. Oey t`g Nchb dg wct` us.‟:5

Hltwct`stehfchb Drebe–s grrlhglus chtgrprgtetclh, wg oust jlhachg lursgmvgs tl Drebe–s

ouscj alr lur ehemyscs. Es hltgf edlvg, Drebe argqughtmy usgf euboghtgf alurt`chtgrvems, pgrèps tl fgpcjt ch pertcjumer, Pehbö–s sef aggmchbs, ch ejjlrfehjg wct` t`g

ocschalroetclh Drebe èf rgjgcvgf.

V`g slhb–s sgjlhf E sgjtclh sterts lh o. 41 ehf ghfs lh o. 65. V`g pcehl–s mgat

èhf jlhtchugs pmeychb t`lsg seog trcpmgts tèt sggo tl rgsgodmg t`g 54/0 jlopluhf

r`ytò fgrcvgf arlo t`g emuiå. V`g vlcjg rgpgets t`g w`lmg tgxt ebech, schbchb t`g seog

ogmlfy tèt wes prgsghtgf ch t`g acrst E sgjtclh. Ch t`cs sgjlhf ctgretclh, t̀ g jloplsgr

oefg fcaagrght ouscjem j`lcjgs ch t`g pcehl–s rcb`t èhf. @grg, t`g pcehl prgsghts

chvgrtgf j`lrfs pmeygf ch trgdmg jmga, w`cj` recsgs t`g rehbg la t`g ejjlopehcoght emolst

twl ljtevgs `cb`gr (up tl G1).:4 V`g fyheocj oernchbs emsl rcsg arlo pcehl tl

ogzzlalrtg, ehf t`gh tl alrtg (oo. :5-:4). Ch t`cs sgjtclh, Drebe ducmfs t`g

ejjlopehcoght smlwmy, wct` jrgsjghfls lh gcb`t`-hltg acburgs ehf syhjlpetclh.

:; Zgg Eppghfcx E.:5 Cdcf.:4 Ejjlrfchb tl t`g huodgrchb dy V`g Ejlustcjem Zljcgty la Eogrcje.



#)

Acburg 1. L– Nchcodå, oo. 41-:;

V`g mest sgjtclh E sgjtclh dgbchs et o. 64 ehf mgefs t`g ouscj tl cts ghf ch o. 74.

@grg t`g jloplsgr usgs ebech t`g seog oetgrcem tèt wes prgsghtgf ch t`g chtrlfujtclh,

dut `g gxjèhbgs t`g rlmgs la vlcjg ehf pcehl. Drebe frlps t`g vlcjg flwh lhg ljtevg

ehf pmejgs t`g stgefy trcpmgts ch t`g vljem mchg lh eh lstchetl D. Zchjg Drebe wrltg t`cs

wlrn alr e wloeh–s vlcjg, t`g schbgr wlumf hggf tl usg `gr j`gst vlcjg, w`cj` wlumf

bcvg eh uhusuemmy plwgraum, rgslheht sluhf. V`g tgxt `grg s`lumf dg fgjmecogf ch e

rgjctetcvg stymg, emweys rgspgjtchb t`g stejjetl oerns edlvg t`g symmedmgs, es wgmm es t`g

tghutl oerns et t`g ghf la gej` p`resg.

Ch jlhtrest tl t`g lstchetl vlcjg pert, t`g pcehl ch t`g achem sgjtclh pmeys t`g

ogmlfcj mchg, dut `cb`gr tèh dgalrg, ch t̀ g trgdmg jmga. Dlt` èhfs pmeychb ch ljtevgs

pmey t`g seog ouscjem mchg ehf j`lrfs. V`g pcehl emsl pmeys ch fcemlbug wct` t`g vlcjg et

t`g ghf la gej` p`resg, dy pmeychb lhg schbmg trcpmgt ch dess jmga tl gj`l t`g vlcjg. V`g

fyheocjs rgoech pcehl ehf pcehcsscol, eh ghfchb tèt gopèsczgs t`g preygr cfge, w`cj`

cs quctg fcaagrght arlo usuem epprlej`. Chstgef èvchb `cb` hltgs alr t`g vlcjg lr mlufgr

fyheocjs, Drebe chjrgesgs fgvltclhem chtghscty dy alrjchb t`g mcstghgr tl dg ettghtcvg tl

t`g slathgss la t`g hltgs.



#*

Acburg 2. L– Nchcodå, oo. :-7


V`cs ghfchb j`lsgh dy Drebe oengs `cs preygr jlhjgpt quctg ldvclus. V`g wer-mcng

ageturg la Pehbö–s ejtuem r`yt`o, `lwgvgr, cs hlt effrgssgf ch t̀ cs slhb. Hgvgrt`gmgss,

ejjlrfchb tl t`g Slrudeh trefctclh, gvgryt`chb t`et cs suhb ch Slrude auhjtclhs es e wey

tl wlrs`cp t`g blfs, sl Drebe–s ouscjem j`lcjgs aumacmm t`cs purplsg la wlrs`cp.



$>

[rlslfy

T`yog ehf ogtrcjem sj`gogs erg9

Ú Nchcodå, Nchcodå e

Fefe lné Nchcodå e

Zemö, eiö, huecé d

Vedmg 6. T`yog ehf ogtrcjem sj`gogs

V`g tgxt sgt dy Drebe ès lhmy t`rgg mchgs la sgvgh symmedmgs. Gej` mchg ès e

t`rgg-allt ogtgr (trcogtgr). V`g acrst mchg ès e fejtymcj trcogtgr (e strgssgf symmedmg

almmlwgf dy twl uhstrgssgf lhgs), w`cmg mchgs twl ehf t`rgg èvg e ocxturg la twl ceodcj

aggt (lhg uhstrgssgf symmedmg almmlwgf dy e strgssgf lhg) ehf e fejtymcj lhg, rgsumtchb ch e

ocxgf ceodcj ehf fejtymcj trcogtgr.:: Hgvgrt`gmgss, Drebe trgets t`g tgxt es ca ct èf t`rgg

mchgs wct` fejtymcj trcogtgr, dy uschb quertgr hltgs alr t`g strgssgf symmedmgs ehf gcb`t

hltgs alr t`g uhstrgssgf lhgs. Lhmy t`g mest strgssgf symmedmg la gej` mchg cs sgt wct` e ̀ ema

hltg.

Acburg 3. [rlslfy es hltetgf ouscjemmy.

::V`g Ert La Ogtgr Ch [lgtry.... `ttp9//fernfrgeos.chal/er/t5:63.`to (ejjgssgf lh Zgptgodgr 40, 4;5;)



$"

V`g wlrf nchcodå cs fgrcvgf arlo t`g Slrude vgrd Nc, w`cj` ogehs tl

jlopmcoght, tl precsg, ehf jeh dg uhfgrstllf es ”t`g lhg w`l precsgs t`g Nchb.‟:6 V`cs

slhb tgxt sggos tl èvg dggh ocstrehsjrcdgf ehf mgat chjlopmgtg dy Drebe, ejjlrfchb tl

t`g Earcjeh-Drezcmceh Dedemlrcsè (Aet`gr la Lrcsè) Ilrbg Ncdehezeodc. Alr t`cs rgeslh,

C chjmufg `cs plgtcj trehsmetclh la t`g jlopmgtg ehf jlrrgjt tgxt ch mcgu la Drebe–s

grrlhglus vgrsclh.:7

Rg precsg t`g Nchb wct` spcrctuem strghbt`

Rg precsg t`g Nchb ”Ldå Ebehiù‟ (Nchb la tùhfgrs)

wct` spcrctuem strghbt`

Oey t`g Nchb dg eolhb us!

Ejjlrfchb tl Ncdehezeodc, ch splngh Slrude w`gh t`g mgttgr ”n‟ cs almmlwgf dy

t`g vlwgm ”g‟, lhg oust eff t`g sgocvlwgm ”u‟ ch t`g ocffmg ch lrfgr tl oeng ct sluhf

wct` olrg ejjurejy. Ch effctclh, t`g jlhslheht ”I‟ oust dg prlhluhjgf es t`g Ghbmcs`

p`lhgog ”f!‟ ch t`g wlrf ”bgsturg,‟ ehf, uhmcng Drebe–s tgxt, Slrude flgs hlt chjmufg

t`g jcrjuoamgx ejjght. Ncdehezeodc dgmcgvgs t̀ g jcrjuoamgx ejjghts ch t`g tgxt la L–

Nchcodå wgrg effgf dy Drebe es eh chfcjetclh tèt t`lsg vlwgms s`lumf dg jmlsgf.

:6 Eppghfcx E.:7 CCé-Caã 9L Dgrâl Tgmcbclsl fls Slrudes, fg Lfófuwë e Zëhbú

`ttp9//eumlderrgttc.sctgs.ulm.jlo.dr/Ertcbls/Cmg\Cag/Cag.`to (Ejjgssgf lh Iuhg 7t`, 4;5;).



$#

Zlhb 4. JE[CO FC [TEHVE

”Lhmy lhg w`l ès mcvgf eolhb t`lsg tèt prejtcjg ilhbl cs edmg tl `ger ehf uhfgrstehf ct.‟:1

[lrtubugsg Vgxt Mctgrem Vrehsmetclh Gxpehfgf Vrehsmetclh

C[E Vrehsjrcptclh

Vå jepchehfl, tå! Cs wggfchb, cs! Rg erg wggfchb, e n e p c h ! ! f l t e

Jepco fg prehte, Rggfs, Rggfs, n e p f c p # ! = t $

Vå jepchehfl, Cs wggfchb, Rg erg wggfchb t e n e p c h ! ! f l

Vå hesjghfl. Cs brlwchb Dut t`gy erg brlwchb

dejn,

V e h e s % f l

Techè oehflu fczé Uuggh jlooehfgf

tl sey

V`g Uuggh ès

jlooehfgf tèt wg

& e ' $ o ! ! f l w

f c z g

[ru olfc perå jl–gssemevlure.

Vl stlp wct` t`csaerochb,

Ztlp wct` t`cs aerochb, [ # u o ( f c p e # e

n ( ! s $ m e v l w # $

Oehflu fczé, Jlooehfgf tl sey Z`g ès jlooehfgf

og tl sey

o

! ! f l w f c z g

Oehflu perå! Jlooehfgf tl stlp! Z`g jlooehfs, stlp! o ! ! f l w p e # e

Merå, mcmå. Memå, mcmå Memå, merå. m e # e m c m e


V`cs wlrn cs fgfcjetgf tl Os. Oerce Nergsne.

[gralroehjg Ehemyscs la Jepco fc [rehte

Chtrlfujtclh9 oo. 5-7E9 oo. 1-54D9 oo. 5:-4:

Jlfe9 oo. 46-:5

Vedmg 1 Ouscjem Alro la Jepco fc [rehte

:1 Tcdgcrl, Oerce fg Mlurfgs Dlrbgs. L ilhbl. Tcl fg Iehgcrl9 (AWHETVG, 5306), 4:> Vrehs. ZãrbclOcrehfe.



$$

V`g jyjmg–s sgjlhf slhb Jepco fc prehte (Rggfs) cs fgsjrcdgf es e ilhbl,

e typg la almn fehjg slhb desgf lh e r`ytò arlo Emebles Ztetg. Ct cs e medlrgr–s slhb

tèt tgmms la t`g smevgs acb`tchb tl nggp t`g wggfs arlo chvefchb t`g acgmf.:2

Ejjlrfchb tl t`g C[@EH, t`g Hetclhem @cstlrcj ehf Ertcstcj [etrcolhy Chstctutg ch

Drezcm (Chstctutl fl [etrcoöhcl @cstúrcjl g Ertïstcjl Hejclhem) (Hetclhem @cstlrcj ehf

Ertcstcj [etrcolhy Chstctutg ch Drezcm), ilhbl cs eh Earl-Drezcmceh alro la gxprgssclh,

w`cj` chtgbretgs fruos, jlmmgjtcvg fehjgs, ehf t`g prejtcjg la oebcj. Ilhbl ès cts rllts

ch Earcjeh pglpmg–s nhlwmgfbg, rctuems, ehf dgmcgas, oechmy t`lsg w`lsg hetcvg mehbuebg

cs Dehtu.

:0

Zlog eut`lrs, `lwgvgr, dgmcgvg tèt ilhbl cs eh Earcjeh fehjg la Ehblmehlrcbch.:3 Ejjlrfchb tl t`go, ilhbl oey èvg dggh drlub`t tl Drezcm wct` smevgry, dut

sj`lmers èvg hlt ygt dggh edmg tl jlrrldlretg t`cs.6;

Ch Drezcm, t`g lrcbch la t`cs fehjg blgs dejn tl t`g hchgtgght`-jghtury jlaagg ehf

suber jehg pmehtetclhs ch t`g slut`gestgrh pert la t`g jluhtry, w`grg ct fgvgmlpgf eolhb

t`g smevgs.65 V`g prejtcjg la ilhbl survcvgf olst strlhbmy ch t`g slut` jghtrem stetgs la

Drezcm, dgjeusg t`gy èf t`g merbgst dmejn smevg plpumetclh.64

Ch ilhbl, es ch Jehflodmã, pgrjussclh chstruoghts èvg e vgry coplrteht rlmg.

V`g ilhbl ghsgodmg chjmufgs twl lr t`rgg fruos9 e puïte, w`cj` cs e nchf la arcjtclh

:2 [grgcre, Zlml Qljem Ouscj, 7:. :0 Tcdgcrl. L Ilhbl, 4:.:3 Bgrerf Dãèbug. ”Earl-Drezcmceh almn ouscj trefctclhs9 Fehjgs ehf freoetcj fehjgs‟ ch V`g Hgw Brlvg

Fcjtclhery la Ouscj ehf Ouscjcehs . 4hf

gf., Gf. Ztehmgy Zefcg (Hgw Slrn9 Oejocmmeh [udmcs`grs Mcoctgf,4;;5), 69400.6; Tcdgcrl, L Ilhbl, :;.65 Drescm. Ochcstãrcl fe Jumture. Chstctutl fl [etrcoöhcl @cstúrcjl Hejclhem. Ilhbl hl sufgstg. Dresïmce, FA9C[@EH, 4;;7`ttp9//plrtem.cpèh.blv.dr/plrtem/olhterFgtem`gJlhtgufl.fl<cf?5:50:&scbme?Chstctujclhem&rgtlrhl?fgtem`gChstctujclhem Vrehs. Zãrbcl Ocrehfe, (ejjgssgf lh Iumy :5st 4;5;).64 Dãèbug. ”Earl-Drezcmceh almn ouscj trefctclhs9 Fehjgs ehf freoetcj fehjgs‟ ch V`g Hgw Brlvg9 400.



$%

chstruoght, ehf e buecå, w`cj` rgsgodmgs t`g j`ljem`l, e nchf la ichbmg stcjn usgf tl pmey

seode ouscj. Mcng t`g fruos ch Slrude rctuems, t`gsg chstruoghts sgrvg es e jlhhgjtclh

tl t`g spcrctuem wlrmf. V`gy hlt lhmy jlhhgjt pglpmg wct` t`gcr blfs, dut t`gy erg emsl

jlhscfgrgf tl dg p`yscjem scbhs la t`lsg fgctcgs.6:

V`g schbchb pert ch ilhbl cs jemmgf t`g plhtl ch [lrtubugsg. [lhtl jeh dg usgf es

e wey tl wlrs`cp sechts ehf ehjgstlrs, tl brggt pglpmg, lr es vg`cjmg tl oeng oebcj.

Bèhecehs ch Earcje fl ilhbl furchb èppy ljjesclhs, suj` es wgffchb jgmgdretclhs,

èrvgst, lr auhgrems. V`g mest cs emsl jlhscfgrgf tl dg e èppy gvght, dgjeusg sloglhg cs

blchb tl `gevgh.

66

Ilhbl tgxts, w`cj` slogtcogs ocx [lrtubugsg ehf Dehtu, wgrg emsl, etlhg tcog, usgf tl jerry jeoluamebgf ogssebgs wct` sgjrgt chalroetclh eolhb t`g

smevgs.67 Zmevgs arlo oehy fcaagrght pmehtetclhs wlumf sghf sgjrgt ogssebgs ch t`cs wey

arlo lhg pmehtetclh tl ehlt`gr, t`rlub` ogtep`lrs ch t`g slhbs.61

Lhg la plhtl–s oech jèrejtgrcstcjs sggos tl dg t`g prgsghjg la coprlvcsgf s`lrt

vgrsgs tèt erg suhb dy e slmlcst, ”slogtcogs `gmpgf dy e sgjlhf vlcjg ch peremmgm t`crfs,‟

ehf rgpgetgf dy e brlup la pglpmg.62

” [lhtls oey èvg lhg lr twl vlmtes (twl-mchg vgrsgs). V`g olst

jloolh trects la ilhbl slhbs chjmufg twl-der rgpgetgf cslogtrcj p`resgs,

prgvecmchb jlhiuhjt oltclh, peremmgm schbchb, ehf syhjlpetgf pgrjussclh

ejjlopehcoght.‟60

6: Tcdgcrl, L Ilhbl, 55.66 Igaa Vlff Vctlh. Rlrmfs la Ouscj9 Eh Chtrlfujtclh tl t`g Ouscj la t`g Rlrmf–s [glpmgs. (Mlhflh9 JlmmcgrOejocmmeh [udmcs`grs, 5306), 13.67 Dehtu mehbuebgs dgmlhb tl t`g Hcbgr-Jlhbl mehbuebg aeocmy, ehf t`grg erg olrg tèh 6;; la t`go (wct`lvgr 5;; ocmmclh spgengrs), la w`cj` Zwe`cmc, P`lse, ehf Yumu erg t`g olst coplrteht. (Oejchtls`fcjtclhery)61 Tcdgcrl, L Ilhbl, 55.62 Dãèbug. ”Earl-Drezcmceh almn ouscj trefctclhs9 Fehjgs ehf freoetcj fehjgs‟ ch V`g Hgw Brlvg9 403.



$&

Alr jghturcgs, t`grg wgrg oehy uhsujjgssaum ettgopts dy t`g eut`lrctcgs tl rgprgss

ilhbl. Gvgh eatgr t`g edlmctclh la smevgry ch Drezcm, prgiufcjg ebechst t`cs fehjg wes

jloolh dgjeusg ilhbl wes e rgochfgr la t`g fcstestgaum `cstlry la smevgry.63 @evchb

hlw dggh ejjmecogf ch 4;;7 es pert la t`g Drezcmceh Jumturem [etrcolhy, ilhbl, es

jlhjgcvgf dy Earcjeh Dehtu ehf trehsoutgf ch Drezcm, cs rgberfgf es eh gmgoght la

Earcjeh `grctebg wct`ch Drezcmceh jumturg.7; Rct` t`cs esscocmetclh, `lwgvgr, t`grg ès

emsl dggh e tghfghjy alr t`g fehjg tl mlsg cts gsltgrcj ehf plwgraum jèrejtgr ehf dgjlog

iust e scopmg ehf auh fehjg.75

Drebe–s ouscjem sgttchb la t`cs ilhbl prgsghts eh chtrlfujtclh ehf e jlfe tèt ergquctg scocmer ch t`g pcehl ehf vljem perts. Ch dlt` perts, t`g vljem mchg cs rgochcsjght la e

rgjctetcvg stymg, dgjeusg t`g ouscjem r`ytò rgspgjts t`g prlslfy la t`g tgxt. Chfggf,

t`rlub`lut t`g ghtcrg wlrn, Drebe oefg bllf r`ytòcj j`lcjgs alr t`g vljem mchg, w`cj`

acts t`g tgxt pgragjtmy. Ch t`g acrst pert (E), arlo o. 1 tl o. 3, t`g schbgr tgmms edlut t`g

jlhsteht brlwt` la wggfs, w`cj` uhflgs emm t`g smevgs– wlrn. Ch t`g sgjlhf pert, arlo o.

5; tl o. 52, `g rgslmvgs t`cs arustretclh dy ehhluhjchb t`g Uuggh–s jlooehf tl put eh

ghf tl aero medlr. [ert D jlhvgys t`g smevgs– jlhtghtoght ehf ès e olrg mcvgmy

jèrejtgr. Ct cs t`g olst fehjg-mcng pert la t`g slhb. Ejjlrfchb tl [grgcre, ? 5;0

sggos tl dg e aest ghlub` tgopl.74 Ch effctclh, t`grg erg fyheocj oernchbs ehf

60 Cdcf.63 Tcdgcrl, L Ilhbl, 55.7; Drescm. Ochcstãrcl fe Jumture. Chstctutl fl [etrcoöhcl @cstúrcjl Hejclhem. Ilhbl hl sufgstg. Dresïmce, FA9C[@EH, 4;;7 , Jgrtcfêl, 5.`ttp9//plrtem.cpèh.blv.dr/plrtem/olhterFgtem`gJlhtgufl.fl<cf?5:50:&scbme?Chstctujclhem&rgtlrhl?fgtem`gChstctujclhem Vrehs. Zãrbcl Ocrehfe, (ejjgssgf lh Iumy :5st 4;5;).75 Tcdgcrl, L Ilhbl 13.74 [grgcre, Zlml Qljem Ouscj, 7:.



$'

chfcjetclhs la r`ytòcj pumsg ehf ejjght t`rlub`lut t`g ouscj tèt s`lumf dg rgspgjtgf.

Ejjlrfchb tl [grgcre, ? 5;0 sggos tl dg e aest ghlub` tgopl.7:

R`cmg t`g ouscj almmlws t`g prlslfy la t`g tgxt, e schbgr w`lsg hetcvg mehbuebg cs

hlt [lrtubugsg s`lumf nggp ch ochf tèt t`cs tgxt flgs hlt rgamgjt stehferf usebg la t`g

mehbuebg. V`g acrst p`resg ”tä jepchehfl, tå,‟ ch olrg jlrrgjt [lrtubugsg, wlumf dgjlog

”Gstå jepchehfl, gstå!‟ Ch t`g seog wey, cslmetgf wlrfs suj` es prehte, fczé, pere,

wlumf dg wrcttgh es pmehte, fczgr, perer . V`g gxprgssclh pru oúfc ch Drebe–s fcrgjtclhs,

`lwgvgr, chfcjetgs tèt t`cs wey la spgenchb rgamgjts eh ehtcqug [lrtubugsg

prlhuhjcetclh. Vèt jlumf gescmy èvg survcvgf ch rgbclhem ejjght> ch aejt, lhg jeh stcmm

achf oehy pglpmg tèt spgen ch t`cs wey ch huogrlus rgbclhs ch Drezcm.

Drebe ehf Fgdussy

Jeng-wemn9 ”V`g jengwemn fehjg, fgrcvgf arlo pmehtetclh fehjgs pgralrogf dy

dmejn smevgs, èf dgjlog plpumer ch t`g germy 503;s es e t`getrcjem prgsghtetclhehf es e demmrllo fehjg. V`g ouscj es pudmcs`gf wes usuemmy uhsyhjlpetgf, dutarlo 5032 ct essuogf t`g syhjlpetclhs essljcetgf wct` rebtcog. Olrg tèh 5;;jengwemns wgrg pudmcs`gf dgtwggh 5032 ehf 53;;, olst wct` fgsjrcptcvg medgmssuj` es ‐jeng wemn oerj`–, ‐twl-stgp–, ehf ‐rebtcog jeng wemn–.‟76

Ejjlrfchb tl Oercz, Drebe–s Jepco fg [rehte ès rcj` èrolhczetclh ehf

ettrejtcvg r`ytò rgsgodmchb Fgdussy–s ”Jeng-wemn.‟77 ”Blmmcwlbb–s Jeng-wemn‟ cs t`g

mest olvgoght la Fgdussy–s J`cmfrgh's Jlrhgr Zuctg (53;0), w`cj` `g fgfcjetgf alr `cs

feub`tgr, Jmeufg-Gooe. V`g r`ytò la gej` ogesurg cs t`g jèrejtgrcstcj jeng-wemn

7: [grgcre, Zlml Qljem Ouscj, 7:.76 @. Rcmgy @ctj`jljn ehf @ Gfwerf E. Dgrmch, ”Tebtcog,‟ Brlvg Ouscj Lhmchg.

77 Oercz, @cstúrce fe Oùscje, 452.



$(

r`ytò, w`cmg t`g èrolhy coctetgs t`g ”lpghchb ders la Tcjèrf Rebhgr's [rgmufg tl

Vrcsteh ehf Cslmfg.‟71

Dgmlw C jloperg Drebe–s ehf Fgdussy–s sjlrgs tl s`lw t`g scocmerctcgs dgtwggh

t`lsg twl wlrns, es ldsgrvgf dy Oercz.

Acburg 5;. Fgdussy–s ”Blmmcwlbb–s Jeng-Remn‟, oo. 5;-56.72

Acburg 55. Drebe–s Jepco fg [rehte, oo. 5-4.

V`gsg twl gxeopmgs oeng ct jmger tèt Drebe–s ouscj ès ouj` ch jloolh wct`

Fgdussy–s. Emt`lub` t`gy fl hlt prgsght seog pctj`gs lr tcog scbheturg, t`lsg twl

wlrns èvg scocmer r`ytòcj jgmms ehf ertcjumetclh oernchbs. Ch dlt` wlrns t`g

71 Jmesscjem Ouscjem Z`lp wgdsctg. Jloplsgrs, Fgdussy, Ej`cmmg-Jmeufg`ttp9//www.jmesscjemo.jlo/gh/jloplsgr/42/Fgdussy-Ej`cmmg-Jmeufg- (ejjgssgf lh Eubust 57, 4;5;). 72 COZM[ / [gtrujjc Ouscj Rgd [ebg.`ttp9//cosmp.lrb/wcnc/J`cmfrgh%42s\Jlrhgr\%40Fgdussy,\Jmeufg%43 (ejjgssgf lh Eubust 56, 4;5;)



$)

ejjlopehcoght ch t`g pcehl–s mgat èhf cs desgf lh brlups la twl gcb`t` hltgs pmeygf

stejjetl, t`g acrst lh mlw pctj`gs ehf t`g sgjlhf, ch e dess acburg metgr fgsjrcdgf es

”strcng.‟ Fgdussy–s pcgjg prgsghts e oech ogmlfy wct` t`g syhjlpetgf jeng-wemn acburg,

w`cj` jrgetgs ”e vgry rebtcog-mcng syhjlpetgf fehjg tuhg.‟70 V`cs seog r`ytòcj pettgrh

emsl eppgers ch Drebe–s wlrn lh t`g acrst p`resg la t`g vljem mchg, ”Vå jepchehfl, tå!‟

Eh lutmchg la t`cs r`ytòcj strujturg wlumf dg9

Acburg 54. V`g r`ytòcj pettgrh tèt cs jloolh ch dlt` wlrns.

@ctj`jljn stetgs tèt, ”gvgh dgalrg 507;s, `lwgvgr, suj` pettgrhs wgrg wgmm

nhlwh ehf wgrg cfghtcacgf wct` dmejns . . .‟73 Jurclusmy, ch t`g seog wey tèt Ilhbl cs e

fehjg alro wct` eh Earcjeh lrcbch, t`g Jengwemn cs e fehjg alro wct` eh Earcjeh-

Eogrcjeh lrcbch.1;

Es e vcrtulscj pcehcst, Drebe wlumf èvg nhlwh Fgdussy–s mctgreturg alr t`g pcehl

wgmm. Ct wlumf èvg dggh scopmg alr Drebe tl rgamgjt Fgdussy–s stymg ch `cs lwh wlrn, es

wgmm es dgchb eppgemchb tl `co tl usg ehlt`gr Earl-Eogrcjeh ouscjem cfge.

70 Fevcf OjNey–s dmlb `ttp9//eusscgouscjceh.dmlbsplt.jlo/4;;3/;1/blmmcwlbs-jengwemn.`tom (ejjgssgf lhEubust 57, 4;5;).73 @. Rcmgy @ctj`jljn, Ouscj ch t`g Whctgf Ztetgs9 E @cstlrcjem Chtrlfujtclh, 6t` gf. ([rghtcjg @emm,5333), 5:4.1; Cdcf.



$*

Zlhb :. HCBWG-HCBWG-HCH@EZ


C[E Vrehsjrcptclh

Hcbug, hcbug, hchès, Hchb`g, hchb`g, hchès Mu, mme, mummedy h c ) g h c ) g h ' $ s

Vêl dlhctchès Zl jutg Slu erg sl jutg t ! = w d u h c t ' $ s

Oejeode, vclme, Oejeode, bucter Agmmlw smevg, bucter o e n ! = d $ Q c ( m $

Fc percg behbuchès Vl bcvg dcrt` behbuchès Vl bcvg dcrt` tl behbuchès f c pe # i g ) ! = ) ' $ s

Vedmg 2 Vrehsmetclhs ehf Chtgrhetclhem [`lhgtcj Empèdgt (C[E) Vrehsjrcptclh C

V`g hgxt slhb, Hcbug-hcbug-hchès, cs e smggpchb spgmm ch eh lmf Earcjeh fcemgjt,

w`cj` flgs hlt trehsmetg wgmm ct chtl [lrtubugsg lr Ghbmcs`915

[lrtubugsg Vgxt C[E Vrehsjrcptclh

É, codé, tuodgmå! g d g t * d g m e

Oussehblmå quche quché o u s ! = ) l m e n c h $ n c h g

Vedmg 0 Vrehsmetclh ehf Chtgrhetclhem [`lhgtcj Empèdgt (C[E) Vrehsjrcptclh CC

[grgcre stetgs tèt t`cs s`lrt pcgjg (erluhf 59:; ochutgs), w`lsg ouscjem tgxturg cs tèt la

e ogmlfy wct` ejjlopehcoght, ”wes fgfcjetgf dy Drebe tl `cs feub`tgr.‟14

15 @. QCMMEMLDLZ. @gctlr QcmmeMldls Jlopmgtg Rlrns alr [cehl, Qlm 0, Vgxts ehf Vrehsmetclhs laslhbs lh w`cj` QcmmeMldls desgf `cs Buce [råtcjl, trehsmetgf dy Zlhce Tudchsny (Hexls ChtgrhetclhemMtfe, 4;;0), :. 14 [grgcre, Zlml Qljem Ouscj, 77.



%>

[gralroehjg Ehemyscs la Hcbug-Hcbug-Hchès

Hcbug-hcbug-hchès (Mummedy), t`g t`crf slhb, cs eh Earcjeh-Drezcmceh mummedy tèt

wes jlmmgjtgf ch [ereïde Ztetg. V`g wlrn ès e drcga twl-der chtrlfujtclh ehf e descj E-

D dchery alro, wct` twl epprlxcoetgmy gquem sgjtclhs.

Chtrlfujtclh9 oo. 5-4 Chtgrmufg9 oo. 46-47E9 oo. :-55 E–9 oo. 41-:6D9 oo. 54-4: D–9 oo. :7-62

Vedmg 3 Ouscjem Alro la Hcbug-hcbug-hchès

Arlo o. 5 tl o. 4:, t`g èrolhy cs scopmg ehf prgsghts peremmgm jlhslheht j`lrfs

tèt rgoech wct`ch t`g ngy la E Oeilr. V`cs èrolhy jrgetgs e jemo eodcghjg. Ztertchb

arlo o. 46, t`g tgopl dgjlogs smlwgr ehf t`g pcehl mchg prgsghts e sgrcgs la

olfumetclhs, rgturhchb tl t`g ngy la E Oeilr et t`g ghf. Ch t`g mest alur ogesurgs, t`g

tgopl dgjlogs gvgh smlwgr, ehf t`g pcehl pmeys ch e mlwgr rehbg. V`g schbgr ghfs t`g

ouscj dy ùoochb e rgmetcvgmy `cb` hltg (G7), w`cmg dgchb ilchgf dy t`g pcehl lh o. 62.V`cs sggos tl subbgst slohlmghjg.

Acburg 5:. Hcbug-hcbug-hchès, oo. 67-62



%"

Ct wes hlt plsscdmg tl jlhacro t`g usg la tgxt pechtchb ch t`cs slhb, schjg cts tgxt cs

e ocx la [lrtubugsg ehf Earcjeh, w`cj` cs hlt gescmy uhfgrstllf. V`cs scopmg ehf

rgpgtctcvg èrolhczetclh, `lwgvgr, prlvcfgs e ouscjem sgttchb tèt jrgetgs e pgragjt

mummedy etolsp`grg.

Zlhb 6. ZÊL ILÊL-FE-TE-TÊL

[lrtubugsg Vgxt Mctgrem Vrehsmetclh Gxpehfgf Vrehsmetclh C[E Vrehsjrcptclh

Zêl Ilêl fererêl Zt. Il`h (fererêl) Zt. Il`h s

! = ÷ l

! = ÷ f e # e #

! = ÷

Vgo uoe bectererecte, @es eh èrolhcje @g ès eh èrolhcje t % u o

$ ) e i t e # e

# e i t

$

Uuehfl tlj–lrlrlje R`gh pmey (jlrlrlje) R`gh `g pmeys ct n w

!

= f u t ( n ( # ( # ( n

$

Detg hgme> @ct ct @g `cts ct strlhbmy d e t

" c h

! m $

Vlfls ls ehiererehils Emm t`g ehbgms

(iererehils)

Emm ehbgms t l f u s u s

! = e # e

#

! = u s

Vljeo bectererecte, [mey èrolhcje

(tererecte)

V`gy emsl pmey

èrolhcjes

t ( n ! = ÷ ) e i t e # e # e i

t

$

Vljeo tehtererehtl [mey e mlt V`gy erg emweys

pmeychb

t ( n ! = ÷ t ! = t e # e # ! =

t u

Equc he tgrre. @grg lh Gert` @grg lh Gert` e n c h e t

! &

$

Me hl jghtgrgrghtl V`grg ch t`g jghtgr

(tgrgrghtl)

V`grg ch t`g jghtgr m e h u s % t

! #

! # % t u

Fe evghcfcrcrcfe La t`g evghug (fcrcrcfe) La t`g evghug f e e v g h c f c # c # c f

$

Vgo xerlplrlrlpg @es syrup (plrlrlpg) C dlub`t slog syrup t %

" e # ( p ( # ( # ( p c

Gsjlrrgblu> Zmcppgrgf Dut ct frcppgf g s n l & g ) l w

Eberrlusöröröusg Bmugf Ehf blt stcjny e ) e & l w s l # l # l w s c

Go ogu vgstcfcrcrcfl, Lh oy frgss (fcrcfcfl) Lh oy frgss % o g w v g s t " c f c # c

# c f u

Fgu uoe prãbuãrãrãbe Bevg e frepg Jrgetchb e tgoplrery

frepg

f g u u o $ p #

! )

! #

!

#

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$

G og fgcxlu. Ehf og mgat. Dut ct jeog laa sllh

eatgr.

c o c f g c

" l w

Oerce, Oery Oery o e # c $

Vu vec el decmg, Slu bl tl t`g demm Slu erg blchb tl t`g

demm

t u v e i e w d e i m c



%#

Vu mgve l jèmg, Slu teng e oehtcmme Zl, ylu s`lumf put

e oehtcmme lh

t u m

! v $ u

" e m c

Uug vec j`lvé Dgjeusg bl rech Dgjeusg ct cs blchb tl

rech

n c v e i

" l v g

G fgplcs fgoefrubefe> ec!

Ehf eatgr la t`g fewh>l`!

Lt`grwcsg, eatgrfewh, l`!

c f g p l i s f c

o e f # u ) e f $ e i

Vlfe olmèfe, ec! Emm wgt, l`! Jlopmgtgmy wgt, l`! t l f $ o l + e f $ e i

Vu vec olrré. Slu bl fcg Slu jlumf fcg. t u v e i o l & g

Oerce, Oery Oery o e # c $

Vu vec jesergs, Slu bl oerry Slu erg blchb tl bgt

oerrcgf

t u v e i n e z e # c s

Gu vlu tg fergs C bl tl ylu bcvg C wcmm bcvg ylu g w v l w t

" c f e # c s

Ls peredãhs V`g jlhbretumetclhs Oy jlopmcoghts u s p e # e d % s

Qlu tg fergs uoe prghfe9 ec!

Rcmm tl ylu bcvg e prgsght9 l`!

Ehf e wgffchb bcat9

l`!

v l w t

" c f e # c s

* o $ p # % f $ e i

Zece fg rghfe, ec! Zncrt la t`g mejg, l`! E mejg sncrt, l`! s e i

$ f c & % f

$ e i

G flcs vchtãhs. Ehf twl vchtãhs. 1: Ehf slog jes`. c f l i s v t % s

Ec! Ec! L`! L`! L`! L`! e i e i

Me me me me me Me me me me me Me me me me me m e m e m e m e m e

Vedmg 5; Vrehsmetclh ehf Chtgrhetclhem [`lhgtcj Empèdgt (C[E) Vrehsjrcptclh

[gralroehjg Ehemyscs la Zêl Ilêl-fe-re-rêl

Zêl Ilêl-fe-re-rêl (Zecht Il`h–s slhb), t`g dgst nhlwh slhb la t`cs jyjmg, cs e

rluhf-beog slhb tèt wes jlmmgjtgf ch [ceuï Ztetg. V`cs wlrn cs fgfcjetgf tl Os. Gmse

Bchgr. [grgcre seys tèt, ”furchb rgmcbclus `lmcfeys ch Drezcm ct cs jloolh tl èvg e

ochceturg ‐jerhcvem–-mcng agstcvctcgs ehf t`g j`cmfrgh–s rluhf cs e wey la nggpchb t`g

j`cmfrgh ghtgrtechgf w`cmg t`g efumts erg pmeychb beogs tl wch prczgs.‟ 16

1: Lmf [lrtubugsg jlch wlrt` twl jghtevls. Chalpãfce, Ghjcjmlpãfce g Fcjclhårcls [lrtl Gfctlre.`ttp9//www.chalpgfce.pt/plrtubugs-chbmgs/vcht%J:%E3o (Ejjgssgf lh Iuhg 5 4;5;).16 [grgcre, Zlml Qljem Ouscj, 77.



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V`g tgxt ès twl emtgrhetchb sgjtclhs9 t`g acrst lhg ès twl alur-mchg stehzes wct` e

sgqughjg la emmctgretclhs et t`g ghf la t`g wlrfs. V`g r`yog sj`gog ès jèrejtgrcstcjs

la e Zèngspgerceh ljtgt, gxjgptchb alr t`g t`crf vgrsg la t`g sgjlhf stehze. Ca lhg

jlhscfgrs, `lwgvgr, t`g emmctgretclh ”fc-rc-rc‟ es t`g ejtuem r`yog la t`g mchgs 5 ehf 4

(ochus bghfgr suaacxgs), wg wlumf èvg e pgragjt Zèngspgerceh ljtgt.17

V`g r`yog sj`gog cs9

Zêl Ilêl-fe-re-rêl tgo uoe becte-re-rec-te eUuehfl tú-jl-rl-rú-je, detg hgme> d

Vlfls ls eh-ie-re-rehils tljeo bec-te-re-rec-te, eVljeo teh-te-re-reh-tl equc he tgrre. d

Me hl jgh-tg-rg-rgh-tl fe evghc-fc-rc-rc-fe j

Vgo xerú-pl-rl-rú-pg gsjlrrgblu> f

Eberlu-sö-rö-rlu-sg go ogu vgstc-fc-rc-rc-fl g (lr j)Fgu uoe prã-bã-rã-rã-be g og fgcxlu f

E olrg epprlprcetg tgopl alr t`cs pert wlumf dg ? 5;6.11

Ch jlhtrest, t`g sgjlhf pert jlhscsts la alur t`rgg-mchg stehzes wct` t`g r`yog

sj`gog eed, jjd, ffg, aag. Ct flgs hlt prgsght emmctgretclhs dut r`yogs et t`g ghf la t`g

vgrsgs.

Oerce, tu vec el decmg, etu mgve l xemg, eUug vec j`lvgr d

G fgplcs, fg oefrubefe> ec ! ec ! jtlfe olmèfe, ec! ec! jVu vec olrrgr d

17 BTEHF OEZVGT MCZV LA ZLHHGV T@SOG ZJ@GOGZ, EOLHB LV@GT V@CHBZ

`ttp9//bm-gs.aejgdlln.jlo/tlpcj.p`p<ucf?4646117;3:5&tlpcj?1447 (ejjgssgf lh Eubust 46, 4;5;)11 [grgcre, Zlml Qljem Ouscj, 71.



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Oerce, tu vec jesergs, fgu vlu tg fergs fLs peredãhs, g

vlu tg fergs uoe prghfe9 ec! ec! asece fg rghfe, ec! ec! ag flcs vchtãhs, ec! ec! ec! g

V`cs sgjlhf pert ès e fcaagrght jèrejtgr dgjeusg ”Oerce‟ cs t`g rgprgsghtetcvg

”la mlst mlvg ehf dcttgrhgss.‟12 V`cs ocb`t dg t`g rgeslh w`y Drebe j`lsg e smlwgr tgopl.

[grgcre subbgsts tèt ? 24 wlumf dg e pgragjt tgopl alr t`cs sgjlhf pert.10

Ch schbchb t`cs slhb, e pgralrogr s`lumf pey ettghtclh tl t`g emmctgretclhs, dgjeusg

Drebe usgf flttgf hltgs alr gvgry tcog t`gy eppger ch t`g ouscj. Ch t`g acrst sgjtclh, t`g

vljem mchg emtgrhetgs mgbetl hltgs wct` stejjetl lhgs. V`g fyheocj oernchbs emsl

emtgrhetg. V`g mgbetl hltgs rgqucrg e ogzzlalrtg alr t`g vlcjg, w`cmg t`g stejjetl lhgs

s`lumf dg suhb slatgr. V`cs emtgrhetclh jrgetgs e nchf la fcemlbug wct`ch t̀ g tgxt, ch

w`cj` dlt` jlhslhehts ehf vlwgms sggo tl coctetg t`g sluhf la pgrjusscvg ehf pmujngf

chstruoghts. V`g sgjlhf sgjtclh cs olrg mgbetl ehf ès strlhbgr fyheocj oernchbs. V`g

tgopl emsl emtgrhetgs dgtwggh t`g tgopl prcol ehf e smlwgr tgopl alr t`g gxprgssclh

”Ec, ec!‟ Achemmy, t`g mest sgjtclh, arlo o. 77 tl o. 14, rgprlfujgs t`g seog ouscj la t`g

acrst sgjtclh. V`g tgxt, `lwgvgr, jèhbgs chtl e scopmg ”må, må, må.‟ V`g tgopl dgjlogs

gvgh smlwgr et t`g dgbchhchb, dut t`g ouscj pejg chjrgesgs suffghmy lh o. 73, rgmexchb

ebech lh o. 15. V`g ouscj ghfs slatmy. Drebe–s uhpudmcs`gf uhejjlopehcgf t`rgg-pert

j`lrem errehbgoght la t`cs slhb cs chjmufgf es eppghfcx A, gxeopmg E.

12 [grgcre, Zlml Qljem Ouscj, 77-71. 10 Cdcf.



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Zlhb 7. GHBGH@L HLQL


C[E Vrehsjrcptclh

Ghbgh`l hlvl! Zuber ocmm hgw! Hgw Zuber ocmm! % % ' u h l v u

Dlte e rlfe pre rlfå! [ut t`g w`ggm tl w`ggm! [ut tèt w`ggm tl

rltetg!

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Gu fgc uo puml, C bevg lhg iuop, C iuopgf lhjg, g w f g i * p u m u

Fgc flcs puml Bevg twl iuop, C iuopgf twcjg, f g i f l i s p u m u

Fgc trgs puml Bevg t`rgg iuop C iuopgf t`rgg tcogs f g i t # g s p u m u

Fgste vãs pumgc l ourl Et t`cs tcog iuopgf t`g

wemm

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lvgr t`g wemm

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Uueic olrrl fc pumå! Emolst fcgf la iuop! Ehf C emolst fcgf

dgjeusg la ct!

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Jepco fc prehte, Rggfs Rggfs n e p f c p # ! = t $

xcqug, xcqug, ogme,

ogme,

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dut r`yog)

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Gu pessgc pgme jepgme C pessgf dy jèpgm C pessgf dy t`g jèpgm g w p e s g i p g m

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[gralroehjg Ehemyscs la Ghbgh`l Hlvl

V`g mest slhb, Ghbgh`l Hlvl (Hgw Zuber Ocmm), cs e wlrn slhb tèt wes jlmmgjtgf

ch Tcl Brehfg fl Hlrtg Ztetg. Ct cs rgmetgf tl ”t`g ily la smevgs lh t`g errcvem la e hgw

oej`chg alr brchfchb suber jehg tl gxtrejt cts iucjg tl oeng suber.‟13 Drebe fgfcjetgf t`cs

slhb tl Os. Jmere Zluvcrlh, t`g slprehl w`l acrst suhb t`g slhbs tlbgt`gr es e jlopmgtg

13 [grgcre, Zlml vljem Ouscj, 73.



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jyjmg ch lrfgr tl prloltg t`gcr pudmcjetclh. E bllf tgopl alr t`cs ouscj wlumf dg ?

554 lr 551.2;

Ouscjem Alro9 EDEDEJ

Vedmg 54 Ouscjem Alro la Ghbgh`l Hlvl

V`g ouscj sterts ch t`g ngy la A Oeilr ehf cts chtrlfujtclh ès lhmy twl ogesurgs.

V`g scxtgght` hltgs ch t`g dlt` èhfs la t`g pcehl olvg repcfmy ch jlhtrery oltclh lh eh

A oeilr j`lrf. V`gy sggo tl dg pert la e seog j`lrf, A1. V`cs jlhtrery oltclh jrgetgs e

r`ytòcj pettgrh tèt sggos tl fgpcjt t`g olvgoght la e suber ocmm–s w`ggm, sl C rgagr tl

t`cs r`ytòcj pettgrh es ”t`g w`ggm acburg.‟

Acburg 56. Ghbgh`l Hlvl oo. 5-4

2; Cdcf.



%(

Ch t`g slhb–s E sgjtclh, w`cj` blgs arlo o. : tl o. 52, t`g w`ggm acburg eppgers

lvgr ehf lvgr. V`g j`lrfs lh w`cj` t`cs olfgm cs desgf, `lwgvgr, sggo tl gxpehf olrg

ehf olrg es t`g ouscj blgs `cb`gr. Zuffghmy, t`cs sgqughjg la j`lrfs iuops tl eh

uhgxpgjtgf jlhjmusclh> t`g jloplsgr olfumetgs `cs wlrn tl t`g ngy la E Oeilr, w`cj` cs

e ret`gr fcsteht ngy.

Acburg 57. Ghbgh`l Hlvl, oo. 52-53

[ert D blgs arlo o. 50 tl o. :7, w`cj` `es e rgpget scbh. Dgjeusg la cts strlp`cj

ouscjem sgttchb, t`cs rgpget scbh drchbs t`g ouscj dejn tl t`g E sgjtclh, t`gh tl D, wct`

t`g seog ouscj dut fcaagrght tgxt. V`grg cs stcmm jlhtrery oltclh ch t̀ cs pert, dut t̀ g

”w`ggm acburg‟ cs edsght. Achemmy, E cs rgpgetgf lhg olrg tcog ehf t`g ouscj jlhtchugs tl

cts ghf wct` e soemm jlfe arlo o. 66 tl o. 63. V`g vlcjg esjghfs tl e sustechgf `cb` A

(A7), w`cmg t`g suber ocmm–s w`ggm nggps spchhchb ch t`g pcehl mchg. V`g ouscj ghfs wct`

e salrzetl oernchb alr dlt` vljem ehf pcehl mchgs.



%)

V`grg erg ejjght oerns ch t`g tgxt, w`cj` plcht lut slog symmedmgs tèt s`lumf dg

gopèsczgf. V`gsg ejjghts jrgetg t`g aggmchb la e Decêl, w`cj` cs e syhjlpetgf r`ytò

lrcbchetchb ch hlrt`gestgrh Drezcm tèt cs latgh aluhf ch Drezcmceh rgbclhem ouscj.25

25 Eh gcb`t-pert j`lrem errehbgoght la t`cs tuhg dy Drebe cs chjmufgf ch eppghfcx A, gxeopmg D. V`g twlwlrns erg vgry fcaagrght - gssghtcemmy uhrgmetgf - gxjgpt tèt t`gy dlt` sgt t`g seog tgxt ehf ogmlfy arloDrezcmceh almnmlrg.



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JLHJMWZCLH

Almnmlrg cs eh chtrchscj pert la jumturg tèt bcvgs ogehchb tl pglpmg's mcvgs. Ct cs

desgf lh trefctclhem dgmcgas, mgbghfs ehf justlos la e brlup, w`cj` erg pessgf t`rlub`

bghgretclhs, oechmy dy lrem trefctclh. Drezcmceh almnmlrg cs desgf lh t`g `grctebgs la dlt`

chfcbghlus ehf hlh-chfcbghlus pglpmgs. V`g t`rgg oeilr jlhtrcdutlrs erg t`g Hetcvg

Chfceh pglpmg, almmlwgf dy t`g [lrtubugsg, ehf t`gh dy t`g Earcjehs w`l wgrg dlub`t tlDrezcm es smevgs. Zchjg Drezcmceh almn ouscj ès dggh pessgf flwh t`rlub` bghgretclhs

dy lrem trefctclh, pglpmg tghf tl jlodchg ghfurchb trefctclhem gmgoghts wct`

jlhtgoplrery mljem vercehts. Es e rgsumt la t̀ cs fyheocj prljgss, almn ouscj cs hlt lhmy

trehsocttgf dut emsl rgjrgetgf jlhtchulusmy. Eolhb t`cs Drezcmceh ouscjem almn lutput,

lhg achfs slhbs tèt erg suhb dy efumts tl j`cmfrgh (mummedcgs, gtj), slhbs tèt erg suhb

lhmy dy j`cmfrgh (j`cmfrgh–s rluhfs, beogs, gtj), ehf emsl slhbs tèt erg suhb dy dlt`

efumts ehf j`cmfrgh, suj` es t`lsg suhb furchb rgmcbclus jgrgolhcgs. Chtgrgstchbmy, t`g

seog ouscj jeh dg aluhf ehyw`grg ch Drezcm, rgberfmgss la rejg, rgbclhemcso, lr ehjgstry,

dgjeusg t`cs almn oetgrcem flgs hlt dgmlhb tl eh gxjmuscvg gt`hcj brlup.

Furchb `cs oehy tlurs t`rlub`lut Drezcm, Grhehc Drebe jeog ejrlss t`g slhbs tèt

wlumf metgr dg pert la `cs jyjmg ”V`g Acvg Zlhbs la Hlrt`gestgrh Drezcmceh Almnmlrg.‟

Dg`chf t`cs wlrn mcgs eh gxpgjtetclh tl prgsght t`g brget rcj`hgss ehf vercgty la ouscjem

stymgs aluhf wct`ch Drezcmceh–s almn ouscj trefctclh. Drebe–s ouscjem j`lcjgs dlt` plrtrey

t`cs fcvgrscty ehf bcvg erfght tgstcolhy la t`g jloplsgr–s ertcstry.



&>

E[[GHFCP E

Dedemlrcs`å Ilrbg Ncdehezeodc chtgrvcgw trehsjrcpt.

24

Acburg 51.Dedemlrcs`å Ilrbg Ncdehezeodc es e ogfcuo alr Pehbö.Furchb rgmcbclus jgrgolhcgs et `cs Jehflodmã `lusg, Or. Ilrbg Ncdehezeodc ghtgrs etrehjg ehf jèhhgms t`g Slrude Vùhfgr blf Pehbö, la w`lo `g cs e prcgst. Ch t`cs pgrslhe, `g fcstrcdutgs dmgsschbs tl `cs fgvltggs.

24Zèhbl–s fehjg jeh dg aluhf et `ttp9//www.ilrhemncdehezeodcexggjce.jlo/bpebg:.`tom (Ejjgssgf lhIumy 52t`, 4;5;).



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Jlhtgxt

V`cs oggtchb tlln pmejg et t`g `lusg la Or. Ilrbg Ncdehezeodc, Dedemlrcsè

(prcgst-aet`gr la t`g blfs), w`cj` sgrvgs es e Jehflodmã `lusg la wlrs`cp. V`g sudigjt

wes Pehbö, t`g Lrcsè tl w`lo t`g slhb L–Nchcodå cs fgfcjetgf.2:

Lhg fey, et e jlaagg `lusg ch Jurctcde, C ogt oy arcghf Emverl Jlmeâl, w`l cs e

jumturem ebght t`grg. R`gh C oghtclhgf t`g fcaacjumtcgs rgberfchb oy rgsgerj` lh

L–Nchcodå, ehf `lw arustretgf C wes et dgchb uhedmg tl achf e pgrslh w`l nhgw Slrude,

`g tlmf og tèt `cs sgjrgtery jlumf `gmp og. Z`lrtmy t`grgeatgr, eh gmgbeht Earcjeh-

Drezcmceh mefy jeog tl oggt us, ehf wg gxjèhbgf chtrlfujtclhs. R`gh esngf edlut oy prldmgo s`g socmgf ehf secf9 ”C nhlw sloglhg w`l nhlws t`cs mehbuebg. @g cs oy

Dedemlrcsè. @g jeog arlo Earcje, `g mcvgs `grg ch Jurctcde, ehf `g cs e prcgst la

Pehbö.‟ Z`g bevg og `cs huodgr. @g wes lut la tlwh w`gh C jemmgf, dut C splng tl

Aedcehe, `cs wcag, ehf lh `cs rgturh, s`g errehbgf e oggtchb wct` `co. V`g oggtchb wes

sgt up alr tèt jlochb Vùrsfey, e `lmcfey, w`gh `g èf eh `lur argg, dgalrg `g èf slog

pglpmg sj`gfumgf alr spcrctuem bucfehjg.

V`g chtgrvcgw tlln pmejg et 5; e.o., ;1/;:/4;5;, ch Jurctcde ([T), slut`grh

Drezcm, ehf wes jlhfujtgf ch [lrtubugsg. Ct ès dggh gfctgf ehf trehsmetgf chtl Ghbmcs`

dy t`cs eut`lr. C errcvgf et t`g Dedemlrcsè–s `lusg et 5; e.o., es sj`gfumgf. Aedcehe, `cs

wcag, rgjgcvgf og, socmchb, et t`g jlurtyerf betg. Z`g wes vgry wgmjlochb. R`cmg wg

wgrg t`grg, e wloeh jeog tl t`g betg tl esn alr allf (jgste dåscje). V`cs bevg Aedcehe

ljjesclh tl temn edlut t`gcr sljcem sgrvcjgs alr t`g pllr. V`gh, dgalrg emmlwchb og tl

($ Hltg9 ”Nchcdå‟ cs emsl spgmmgf ”Nchcodå‟.



&#

ghtgr t`g jlurtyerf, s`g tlln slog jmgeh wetgr ch e rluhf wllfgh dlwm, ehf sprgef ct lh

t`g amllr ch arlht la oy aggt, ch lrfgr tl purcay oy ghtrehjg. R`gh C ghtgrgf, C sew e

hlvcjg, w`l wes dgchb trechgf tl dgjlog eh ”Cyåmlrcsè‟ (Olt`gr la Lrcsè). C wes hlt

ghjlurebgf tl chtgrejt wct` `gr. V`gh Aedcehe chvctgf og chscfg.

R`cmg wectchb alr Or. Ilrbg Ncdehezeodc, Aedcehe sgrvgf us slog `logoefg

jlaagg. Furchb t`cs tcog, C wes slogwèt fcstrejtgf dy t`g dgèvclr la t`g hlvcjg, w`l

wes grretcjemmy olvchb erluhf t`g erge lutscfg t`g lpgh fllrs, ehf solnchb slog nchf la

spgjcem `grd ch e wllfgh pcpg. Z`g sggogf tl dg tltemmy coogrsgf ch `gr lwh wlrmf. Or.

Ncdehezeodc, t`gh, jeog ehf ilchgf us et t`g tedmg> wg gxjèhbgf chtrlfujtclhs ehf t`gchtgrvcgw stertgf.

Ocrehfe9 R`l cs Pehbö<

Ncdehezeodc9 Pehbö cs t`g Lrcsè la Iustcjg. @g cs t`g lmfgst slh la Lrehcê, w`l

cs t`g aluhfgr la Cmé-Caã, e jcty ch Hcbgrce. Ch t`g pest, Hcbgrce wes e

pmejg la t`g Slrude pglpmg. V`gh, w`gh Lrehcê oefg `cs wey

Hlrt`, `g drlub`t `cs slh Pehbö, w`l dgjeog t`g blvgrhlr la

Slyú jcty. V`gh Pehbö dgjeog t`g sgjlhf Nchb la Slyú jcty.

Ejjlrfchb tl t`g mgbghf, Pehbö wes e olrtem w`l wes oerrcgf tl

Lyú, e fgcty. Zl w`gh `g fcgf, `cs wcag usgf `gr Lrcxå plwgr tl

teng `co tl t`g prgsghjg la t`g emocb`ty Lrcxå, Lmlfuoerã (lr

Lmlruo). Zl, ch rgsplhsg tl `gr ghtrgetcgs, Lmlruo drlub`t Pehbö

dejn arlo t`g fgef ehf trehsalrogf `co chtl e fgcty. Pehbö èf

emrgefy mgerhgf arlo Lyú slog la `gr lwh Lrcxå sgjrgts, mcng `lwtl jlhtrlm acrg. Oehy ygers metgr, Pehbö wes drlub`t tl Drezcm

furchb t`g tcog w`gh Drezcm wes e [lrtubugsg jlmlhy. @g ̂Pehbö_

dgjeog gxtrgogmy strlhb ch [grheodujl Ztetg. Emlhb wct` `co,

oehy Slyú pglpmg wgrg drlub`t ês smevgs_ es wgmm. Ch



&$

[grheodujl, t`grg cs stcmm e jumt la Pehbö, dut t`gy èf slog

fcaacjumtcgs> es e rgsumt, ct ^t`g jumt prejtcjg_ ès mlst slog la cts

Earcjeh ageturgs ehf chjlrplretgf slog Drezcmceh justlos.

V`grgalrg, ct ès dgjlog olrg Drezcmceh-Earcjeh (syhjrgtcso).

V`g oeilrcty la t`g pglpmg drlub`t es smevgs tl Drezcm wgrg dlub`t

arlo t`g Slyú ehf Ngtu ^trcdgs_. Vlbgt`gr, t`gy dgjeog t`g oech

rgprgsghtetcvgs la t`g Slrude pglpmg ch Drezcm, oechmy ch De`ce

Ztetg. Ch t`g seog wey tèt t`g Slyú bevg us t`g Lrcsè Pehbö, t`g

Ngtu bevg us Lfã êhlt`gr lrcs`å_. Es e rgsumt, wg èf lur acrst

jehflodmã `lusg, w`cj` cs jemmgf ”Jese Drehje fl Ghbgh`l

Qgm`l‟ ^R`ctg @lusg la t`g Lmf Ocmm_ ehf cs mljetgf lh Qesjl fe

Beoe Ztrggt, ch Zemveflr, De`ce. V`grg ct wes fgtgrochgf tèt Lfã wlumf lwh t`g mehf, ehf Pehbö wlumf lwh t`g ducmfchbs. Zl, t`g

jghtrem `lusg dgmlhbs tl Pehbö.26 Vèt cs w`y wg èvg t`cs

fgvltclh tl Pehbö. Zchjg `g cs ch t`g `cb`gst plcht la t`g `lusg, `g

cs emweys lvgr lur `gefs dgjeusg `g rgprgsghts lur nchb, lur

rlyemty.

Ocrehfe9 C èvg sggh lh t`g wgd, es wgmm es lh Vgmgvcsclh, slog chalroetclh

edlut Jehflodmã. C rgjemm t`gy secf tèt pgrjussclh chstruoghts erg

usgf t`rlub`lut t`g jgrgolhcgs, ehf tèt t`grg cs e fcaagrght

r`ytò alr gej` Lrcsè.

Ncdehezeodc9 Edslmutgmy rcb`t.

Ocrehfe9 Ehf e spgjcacj fehjg es wgmm, rcb`t< C wes temnchb tl Aedcehe, ehf

s`g tlmf og t`cs ouscj sgts lhmy pert la t`g ejtuem Nchcodå tgxt. Zl,

Drebe jlmmgjtgf e slhb, w`cj` cs suhb dy Jehflodmã pglpmg, tlln

26 [lcht la trehsmetclh ‚ V`g wlrf `grg trehsmetgf es `lusg cs derrejêl, w`cj` tengs cts lrcbch arlo Earcje.Descjemmy, ct cs e vgry scopmg dut spejclus rllo, w`grg t`g pudmcj jgrgolhcgs erg `gmf, ehf ct cs rgberfgf essejrgf alr t`g Jehflodmã pglpmg> sgg Tldgrt Qlgjns, Zejrgf Mgevgs la Jehflodmã9 Earcjeh oebcj,ogfcjchg, ehf rgmcbclh ch Drezcm , 12. V`cs wlrf cs emsl usgf tl fgsjrcdg seode sj`llm–s stlrebg pmejgs.



&%

pert la cts tgxt, ehf fcf `cs lwh èrolhczetclh la ct, alr vlcjg ehf

pcehl. C eo gebgr tl nhlw ca `g oefg `cs ouscjem j`lcjgs desgf lh

t`g rgmcbclh. Alr chstehjg9 fcf `g chjlrplretg Pehbö–s r`ytò lh

`cs wlrn ‚ w`cj` r`ytò wlumf dg Pehbö–s<

Ncdehezeodc9 V`g r`ytò tèt rgprgsghts Pehbö cs t`g Emuiå, w`cj` cs e aest

r`ytò wct` e wer-mcng jèrejtgr. Gej` Lrcs`å ès e prlpgr

r`ytò tèt rgagrs tl `cs lr `gr pgrslhemcty ehf oyt`cj plwgr. Dy

t`g wey, Nchcdå cs oy Es`ã heog. Ejtuemmy, lur `lusg ehf emsl

oy heog erg Ecre-Nchcde. Ct cs t`g heog la t`g Es`ã tèt wes

bcvgh tl og w`gh C wes chctcetgf chtl Jehflodmã. Ncdehezeodc cs

oy hcjnheog. Oy aet`gr wes eh Earcjeh oeh arlo Muehfe.@lwgvgr, `g fcf hlt rgbcstgr og es `cs slh. V`g oeh w`l bevg og

e dcrt` rgbcstretclh wes oy stgpaet`gr, Muïs fe Zcmve Blogs. @g

wes vgry ouj` efocrgf dy t`g Jehflodmã pglpmg, w`l usgf tl

jemm `co Mufcezeodc, e Dehtu heog tèt ès cts lrcbch ch Earcjeh

jluhtrcgs mcng Ehblme ehf Olzeodcqug. V`grgalrg, C blt t`cs

hcjnheog ^Ncdehezeodc_. Dut oy rgmcbclus heog cs Ecre-Nchcde,

es wgmm es oy Es`ã.

Ocrehfe9 V`g acrst tcog C `gerf t`cs wlrf Es`ã wes emsl lh e Vgmgvcsclh

prlbreo. Ca C eo hlt wrlhb, t`gy wgrg temnchb edlut jerhcvem ch

De`ce. Dut t`gy fcf hlt gxpmech wèt t`cs wlrf ogehs. Zl, wèt

flgs Es`ã ogeh<

Ncdehezeodc9 V`g wlrf Es`ã ogehs ”sl dg ct.‟ Ct cs iust mcng seychb Eogh.

Ocrehfe9 Ehf wèt flgs nchcodå ogeh<Ncdehezeodc9 Nchcodå ogehs ”t`g lhg w`l jlopmcoghts t`g Nchb.‟ Ct cs fgrcvgf

arlo t`g vgrd Nc tèt ogehs tl jlopmcoght.

Ocrehfe9 Rlhfgraum! Slur nhlwmgfbg la Slrude cs blchb tl emmlw og tl

uhjlvgr olrg chalroetclh edlut t`cs ouscj, w`cj` wcmm oeng t`cs



&&

rgsgerj` olrg chtgrgstchb alr og es wgmm es alr lt`grs. Hlw, C

wlhfgr9 cs tèt jloolh< C ogeh, flgs gvgry schbmg Dedemlrcs`å

nhlw Slrude<

Ncdehezeodc9 V`gy s`lumf, dut ct cs hlt mcng tèt. Acrst la emm, w`gh Jehflodmãstertgf ch Drezcm, ct wes jlhscfgrgf eh gvcm smevg t`chb.27 V`grgalrg,

t`cs prejtcjg dgjeog e alrdcffgh t`chb dy sljcgty. Zchjg dmejn

pglpmg jeog tl t`cs jluhtry es smevgs, gvgh eatgr t`g edlmctclh la

smevgry, w`ctg pglpmg fcf hlt ejjgpt t`g Jehflodmã jumt, ehf t`g

plmcjg pgrsgjutgf oehy dgmcgvgrs. V`lsg gvghts `gmpgf tl wgengh

t`g aluhfetclhs la t`g Jehflodmã jumt. Dut C dgmcgvg tèt

hlwefeys t`grg cs e brlup la pglpmg tèt cs trychb tl rgvcvg ct^Jehflodmã_. Ch lrfgr tl ”rg-Earcjehczg‟ lur jumt, wg hggf tl

mgerh t`g mehbuebg. Dut lhmy e agw Jehflodmã `lusgs èvg pglpmg

wct` slog Slrude.

Ocrehfe9 @lw edlut spgmmchb< Ch t`cs tgxt tl w`cj` Drebe sgt `cs ouscj, cs

t`grg ehy spgmmchb ocsteng< Alr chstehjg, slog wlrfs prgsght

jcrjuoamgx strgss oerns. Cs tèt rcb`t<

Ncdehezeodc9 (mllnchb et t`g sjlrg) Hl, ct cs hlt. Rg fl hlt èvg t`cs nchf la

ertcjumetclh, dut lhmy brevg ehf ejutg ejjghts. Mlln, t`grg cs e flt

dgmlw t`cs jlhslheht ”Z,‟ w`cj` jèhbgs ct. Zl, chstgef la èvchb

e ^vlcjgmgss emvglmer arcjetcvg_ ”Z‟ ^sluhf, es ch ”sgg‟_ t`cs flt

jèhbgs t`cs ^p`lhgog_ ”Z‟ chtl e ^vlcjgmgss plstemvglmer arcjetcvg_

” ! ‟ ^sluhf mcng ch ”s`g‟_. Zl tèt cs w`y wg prlhluhjg Zèhbö,

chstgef la Zehbö.

Ocrehfe9 @lw edlut t`g sgjlhf p`resg Fefå lné< @lw s`lumf C sey ct<

27 [lcht la trehsmetclh ‚ V`g gxprgssclh usgf ”Jlcse fg hgbrl gsjrevl‟ cs e vgry hgbetcvg gxprgssclh alrEarcjehs ”Jlcse fg hgbrl gsjrevl‟ cs, ca plsscdmg, gvgh olrg hgbetcvg ehf fgrlbetlry tèh cts Ghbmcs`jlbhetg, wct` eh effgf jlhhltetclh la gvcm flchb.



&'

Ncdehezeodc9 Fefå cs ehlt`gr wlrf tèt cs usgf tl jlopmcoght. Iust sey ct es

ylu rgef ct. Lh t`g lt`gr èhf, t`grg cs slogt`chb chtgrgstchb `grg

rgberfchb t`g wlrf lné. C t`chn tèt t`g jloplsgr ocb`t èvg

pmejgf t`cs jcrjuoamgx ejjght lvgr t`g vlwgm ”g‟ tl oeng surg

pglpmg wlumf prlhluhjg ct prlpgrmy> ^tèt cs_ t`gy s`lumf usg e

jmlsgf ”g‟ vlwgm. [glpmg arlo Hlrt`gestgrh Drezcm èvg e vgry

fcstchjtcvg ejjght. V`gcr vlwgms tghf tl dg wcfgmy lpgh. Emsl,

”né‟ s`lumf dg prlhluhjgf es ca wg èf e ^sgocvlwgm_ ”w‟ ch

dgtwggh, w`cj` wlumf oeng ct sluhf ”nwg.‟

Emsl, ch t`cs mest pert la t`g tgxt, Zemö eiö, huecé, t`g ”i‟ s`lumf dg

prlhluhjgf gxejtmy mcng t`g Hgw Rlrmf Zpehcs` vgrsclh la t`g

pgrslhem prlhluh ”C‟, w`cj` cs ”Sl‟ Îlg_. Zl, fl ct mcng Zpehcsèhf ylu wcmm dg achg!21 Alr chstehjg9

(Or. Ncdehezeodc rgefs t`g tgxt tl og)

Ocrehfe9 Slrude cs suj` e ouscjem mehbuebg! Ehf arlo oy plcht la vcgw,

Drebe–s ouscj rgochfs og la e preygr.

Ncdehezeodc9 C wlumf sey tèt `g cs rcb`t! Gvgryt`chb wg schb ch Slrude, gvgh e plpumer slhb, ct jerrcgs aggmchbs, dgjeusg ejjlrfchb tl lur Earcjeh

vcgw, schbchb cs preychb tl Blf. Zl, w`ghgvgr ylu schb, ylu

s`lumf emweys èvg ylur `gert lpghgf, sl tèt Blf cs blchb tl `ger

ylu. Ehf nggp ch ochf9 ch Slrude wg spgen es wg schb.

Ocrehfe9 Iust lhg mest qugstclh9 jlumf ylu, pmgesg, trehsmetg t`cs tgxt tl og<

Ncdehezeodc9 Zurg9 ”Rg jlopmcoght t`g Nchb wct` spcrctuem strghbt`. Rgjlopmcoght t`g Nchb Lde Ebehiù wct` spcrctuem strghbt`. Oey t`g

Nchb dg wct` us.‟

Ocrehfe9 Vèhn ylu sl ouj`!

21 @g usgf slog gxeopmgs wct` t`g [lrtubugsg ”I‟, w`cj` wlumf hlt oeng ehy sghsg alr Ghbmcs` spgengrs.



&(

E[[GHFCP D

V`g Bghgscs la Nchcodå

Acburg 52. V`g Lrcs`å Pehbö22

Ejjlrfchb tl Slrude lrem trefctclh, t`g ehjcght jcty la Cmé-Caã ch slut`wgstgrh

Hcbgrce wes t`g jrefmg la jcvcmczetclh alr t`g Slrude pglpmg. V`cs sejrgf pmejg wes

jrgetgf dy t`g Slrude blfs ehf wes t`g lrcbch la t`gcr acrst trcdgs. Ch t`et jcty, t`g blfs

usgf tl mcvg eolhb t`g oehnchf ehf teub`t t`go `lw tl wlrs`cp prlpgrmy. Olrglvgr,

furchb t`g ocffmg ebgs, Cmé-Caã wes t`g oech rgmcbclus ehf ertcstcj jcty la t`g Slrude

tgrrctlry.20 Alr aurt`gr ehf olrg pgrslhem chalroetclh edlut t`cs rgmcbclus trefctclh, C

(( 22@gmclZehte–s Qcrtuem Ztlrg Rgdsctg .`ttp9//www.`gmclsehte.gu/jetemlb/fgaeumt.p`p<j[et`?51:\26&lsJscf?fd3g45:g77:d4jd;4164012g:2d:32 d2 (ejjgssgf lh Iumy 52t`, 4;5;)20 CCé-Caã 9L Dgrâl Tgmcbclsl fls Slrudes, fg Lfófuwë e Zëhbú`ttp9//eumlderrgttc.sctgs.ulm.jlo.dr/Ertcbls/Cmg\Cag/Cag.`to (Ejjgssgf lh Iuhg 7t`, 4;5;).



&)

slub`t lut e Drezcmceh prcgst la Jehflodmã, t`g metch Eogrcjeh laas`llt la t`g Slrude

rgmcbclh.23

Ch t`cs chtgrvcgw jlhfujtgf lh Iuhg :rf, 4;5;, t`g Dedemlrcsè (Aet`gr la Lrcsè)

Ilrbg Ncdehezeodc stetgf tèt Pehbö (Zèhbl) cs t`g Lrcxå (Lrcs`å) la Iustcjg ehf t`g

aluhfgr la Cmé-Caã.0; Pehbö wes t`g sgjlhf slh la Lrehcê (Lrehceh), t`g nchb la Lyú, e

jcty aluhfgf erluhf t`g yger 56;;.05 @cs syodlm cs e fludmg-`gefgf exg, ehf w`gh

prcgsts rgewengh t`cs lrcxå ch t`g Jehflodmã jgrgolhcgs, t`g prcgst tl dg t`g blf–s

jèhhgm latgh wgers e jrlwh tl rgamgjt Pehbö–s rlyemty.04

Dedemlrcsè Ilrbg Ncdehezeodc–s aet`gr cs arlo Ehblme, Earcje. Or.Ncdehezeodc `cosgma wes dlrh ch Drezcm, dut `g mgerhgf `cs aet`gr–s hetcvg mehbuebg,

Slrude. Chtgrgstchbmy, t`g wlrf ncdehezeodc ogehs ”t`g Nchb–s slh.‟ Effctclhemmy, Or.

Ncdehezeodc–s rgmcbclus heog cs Srenchcodå, ehf `cs es`ã (spcrctuem ghgrby) cs nhlwh es

nchc(o)då.

@g gxpmechs tèt t`g Jehflodmã ès hlt dggh merbgmy ejjgptgf dy t`g sljcgty ygt,

dgjeusg la cts `cstlrcjem dejnbrluhf. V`g oeilrcty la Earcjeh smevgs drlub`t tl Drezcm

wgrg aluhf eolhb t`g Lyú (Hcbgrceh) ehf Ngtu (Bèheceh) pglpmg. V`g Ngtu drlub`t

t`gcr dgmcga ch Lfã, t`g @uhtchb Lrcxå, ehf t`g Lyú drlub`t t`gcr fgvltclh tl Pehbö, t`g

Lrcsè la Iustcjg. Vlbgt`gr, t`gsg twl pglpmg rgprgsghtgf t`g Slrude hetclh ch

Hlrt`gestgrh Drezcm, prgflochehtmy ch De`ce Zetg. Ch Zemveflr, t`g jepctem jcty la De`ce

23 Tgagr tl epp. E0; Ch Jehflodmã, eh lrcxå cs eh ghtcty ‚ t`g spcrct la e brget pgrslh w`l mcvgs ch e spcrctuem wlrmf, ehfrgturhs tl t`cs wlrmf dy tenchb plssgssclh la e prcgstmy chtgrogfcery ch epprlprcetg jgrgolhcgs la fruoouscj ‚ (chtgrvcgw wct` Ilrbg Ncdehezeodc, :-Iuhg-4;5;)05 CCé-Caã 9L Dgrâl Tgmcbclsl fls Slrudes, fg Lfófuwë e Zëhbú

`ttp9//eumlderrgttc.sctgs.ulm.jlo.dr/Ertcbls/Cmg\Cag/Cag.`to (Ejjgssgf lh Iuhg 7t`, 4;5;).04 Qebhgr Blhâemvgs fe Zcmve. Jehflodmã g Wodehfe9 Jeoch`ls fe Fgvlâêl Drescmgcre (Zêl [euml9 Gf.Åtcje, 5336), 21, trehs. Zãrbcl Ocrehfe.



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Ztetg, t`gsg twl pglpmg tlbgt`gr aluhfgf Jehflodmã, fgsjrcdgf dy lhg ldsgrvgr es ”e

dmejn rgmcbclus jumt prejtcjgf ch Drezcm, uschb slrjgry, rctuem fehjgs, ehf agtcs`gs.‟0:

V`grg, t`gy lrbehczgf ilchtmy t`g acrst Jese fg Jehflodmã (@lusg la Jehflodmã

fgvltclh), wct` Lfã lwhchb t`g mehf, ehf Pehbö, w`l rgprgsghts t`g nchb, lwhchb t`g

ducmfchbs.

Or. Ncdehezeodc stetgs tèt t`g fgcty Pehbö errcvgf ch Drezcm furchb t`g pgrclf la

smevgry (arlo germy 57;;s tl 5000).06 V`g jumt la t`cs blf, qucjnmy dgjeog wcfgsprgef

ehf vgry plpumer ch hlrt`gestgrh Drezcm, oechmy ch [grheodujl Ztetg, w`grg t`grg cs stcmm

e Pehbö. Dut lvgr t`g ygers, t`cs [grheodujl jumt ès eflptgf oehy Drezcmcehchamughjgs. V`cs syhjrgtcso ès jèhbgf cts rctuems chtl e olrg Drezcmceh-Earcjeh rgmcbclh

tèh e trumy Earcjeh lhg. Ejjlrfchb tl Or. Ncdehezeodc, t`lsg chamughjgs èvg wgenghgf

Jehflodmã–s Earcjeh desg. Vl rgvcvg Jehflodmã ch cts purg alro, slog prcgsts èvg

dgbeh tgej`chb pglpmg edlut t`gcr jumt ehf cts Earcjeh rllts. V`gcr oech blem cs tl chstrujt

es oehy pglpmg es t`gy jeh, ch lrfgr tl èvg olrg pglpmg wct` spgjcacj rgqucsctg

nhlwmgfbg, alr e dgttgr uhfgrstehfchb ehf ejjgptehjg la Jehflodmã es e rgmcbclh.

Vgj`hcjemmy, Jehflodmã cs e olhlt`gcstcj rgmcbclh tèt wlrs`cps t`g brget blf

Lmlfuoerg (jrgetlr), emsl jemmgf Lmlruo (t`g mlrf la gvgryt`chb). Zchjg `g cs suj` e

plwgraum blf, `g èf tl oeng `cosgma olrg ejjgsscdmg tl oehnchf dy prgsghtchb `cosgma

0: Oejchtls` Fcjtclhery Qgrsclh 4.5.4 (0;.:).06 ”R`gh t`g acrst Earcjeh smevgs errcvgf ch Drezcm cs uhnhlwh> … Dy t`g germy 576;s ct cs jmger tèt t`grgwgrg e sczgedmg huodgrs la t`go> sgg Dgt`gmm, Mgsmcg, Jlmlhcem Drezcm (Jeodrcfbg Whcvgrscty [rgss,Jeodrcfbg9 5302), p. 41.V`g Edlmctclh Dcmm ( Mgc Åurge) wes scbhgf ch 5000 dy t`g [lrtubugsg [rchjgss, Czedgm. Lhg yger metgr,Drezcm wlumf fgjmerg cts chfgpghfghjg arlo [lrtubem> sgg Argyrg, Bcmdgrtl. Lrfgr ehf [rlbrgss. Drezcm arloOlherj`y tl Tgpudmcj. Gfctgf ehf trehsmetgf arlo t`g [lrtubugsg dy Tlf. R. @lrtlh (Mls Ehbgmgs9Whcvgrscty la Jemcalrhce [rgss, 5301), xcv.



'>

ch oehy fcaagrght spcrctuem alros ‚ t`g Lrcxås. Hlhgt`gmgss, ”ch Drezcm, ^sl aer_ lhmy e

agw la t`g olrg tèh twl ùhfrgf Earcjeh Lrcxås erg wlrs`cppgf.‟07

Lhg rgeslh alr t`g rgfujgf huodgr la Lrcxås nhlwh ch Drezcm cs tèt, furchb t`g

smevg pgrclf, t`g [lrtubugsg lvgrmlrfs dehhgf t`g wlrs`cp la Earcjeh blfs dy t`g smevgs

es lhg ogehs la jlhtrlm lvgr t`go. Ch lrfgr tl rgtech t`gcr rgmcbclus rllts, justlos,

rctuems, ehf sechts, `lwgvgr, t`g smevgs wgrg alrjgf tl fgvcsg e wey tl jlhjgem t`gcr

Earcjeh Jehflodmã wct` ejjgptedmg ?0-4828<:< +K-/:4/,; prejtcjgs. Dy flchb t`cs, t̀ gy

jrgetgf e syhjrgtcstcj rgmcbclh wct` gmgoghts la dlt` Jehflodmã ehf Jet`lmcjcso. Alr

chstehjg, Pehbö hl mlhbgr rgprgsghtgf lhmy t`gcr Earcjeh Lrcxå, dut emsl t`g Jet`lmcjZecht Igrlog.

Or. Ncdehezeodc jlhjmufgf dy tgmmchb t`g almmlwchb Slrude mgbghf9 Pehbö wes e

olrtem w`l wes oerrcgf tl Lyú, e fgcty. Zl w`gh `g fcgf, `cs wcag usgf `gr Lrcxå plwgr

tl teng `co tl t`g prgsghjg la t`g emocb`ty Lrcxå, Lmlfuoerã (lr Lmlruo). Zl, ch

rgsplhsg tl `gr ghtrgetcgs, Lmlruo drlub`t Pehbö dejn arlo t`g fgef ehf trehsalrogf

`co chtl e fgcty. Pehbö èf emrgefy mgerhgf arlo Lyú slog la `gr lwh Lrcxå sgjrgts,

mcng `lw tl jlhtrlm acrg.01

07 Rgdsctg Drezcm Vrevgm, De`ce Zyhjrgtcso. `ttp9//www.v-drezcm.jlo/tlurcso/de`ce/rgmcbclh-syhjrgtcso.`tom (Ejjgssgf lh Iuhg 1t`, 4;5;).01 CCé-Caã 9L Dgrâl Tgmcbclsl fls Slrudes, fg Lfófuwë e Zëhbú`ttp9//eumlderrgttc.sctgs.ulm.jlo.dr/Ertcbls/Cmg\Cag/Cag.`to (Ejjgssgf lh Iuhg 7t`, 4;5;).



'"

V`g Ouscj la Nchcodå

[meychb ouscj, lr pmeychb Jehflodmã (es secf dy cts almmlwgrs) ès e jrctcjem

auhjtclh wct`ch t`g jumt. V`g ouscj prlvcfgs e wey tl lrbehczg t`g rgmcbclus jgrgolhy,

schjg emm rctuems erg strujturgf ejjlrfchb tl ct. Dgjeusg ouscj cs sejrgf wct`ch t`cs

jlhtgxt, chstruoghts ehf chstruoghtemcsts dgjlog sejrgf es wgmm ehf t`gy erg trgetgf wct`

brget rgspgjt dy emm fgvltggs. Alr chstehjg, t̀ g etedequgs (fruos) tèt erg usgf tl gvlng

t`g fgctcgs erg jlhscfgrgf tl dg mcvchb dgchbs t`gosgmvgs, ehf jeh lhmy dg pmeygf dy t`g

lbêhs, fruoogrs w`l erg ch jèrbg la tèt pmeychb. Ch lrfgr tl dgjlog eh lbêh, lhg

hggfs tl dg chctcetgf dy e dedemlrcsè ehf dg tltemmy fgvltgf tl t`g prejtcjg, chjmufchbnhlwchb emm r`ytòs ehf myrcjs dy `gert.02

V`g Jehflodmã rgmcbclus lrj`gstre cs jloplsgf la t`rgg oech pgrjussclh

chstruoghts. V`gsg chstruoghts erg jemmgf etedequgs ehf t`gcr sluhfs prlvcfg ùoehs

wct` e jèhhgm tl t`g spcrctuem wlrmf. V`gsg t`rgg etedequgs erg heogf9 Tuo, t`g dcbbgst

ehf olst coplrteht lhg, Tuopc lr [c, t`g ocffmg lhg, ehf Mé, t`g soemmgst.00 Dgjeusg

t`gy erg sejrgf, pgrclfcj ehcoem sejrcacjgs erg oefg tl t`lsg fruos. V`gy jehhlt dg

rgolvgf arlo t`g `lusg (e derrejêl) w`grg t`gy fwgmm, ehf t`gy oust dg jlvgrgf dy e

w`ctg aedrcj w`gh hlt ch usg. Lt`gr chstruoghts suj` es t`g eblbö (jlwdgmm) erg latgh

usgf tl rgpmcjetg t`g r`ytò pmeygf dy t`g etedequgs Mé ehf Tuopc, dut t`gsg effgf

02 Tcte g Blhâemvgs fe Zcmve Eoerem, Qebhgr. Jehter pere sudcr - uo gstufl ehtrlplmúbcjl fe oùscje rctuemhl jehflodmã peumcste. Tgmcbcêl & Zljcgfefg, v. 51, hl. 5/4, (Tcl fg Iehgcrl9 CZGT, 5334e, 6-7), trehs.Zãrbcl Ocrehfe.00 V`g jlhbe fruo cs chfcbghlus tl Jehflodmã ouscj, dut t`g heog jlhbe cs usgf ch Drezcm> sgg Gf Wrcdg,V`g Gssghjg la Drezcmceh [grjussclh ehf Fruo Zgt, 564. V`g etedequg cs e temm èhf fruo. V`g dlfy cstypcjemmy oefg la iejerehfe wllf ehf t`g `gef, aestghgf tl t`g dlfy dy rlpgs, la jemasnch. (JeplgcreJlhgjtclh `ttp9//www.jeplgcre-jlhhgjtclh.jlo/oech/jlhtght/vcgw/546/5;7/ (Ejjgssgf lh Zgptgodgr 51,4;5;)



'#

chstruoghts erg hlt jlhscfgrgf sejrgf.03 Mcoe stetgs tèt twl la t`go ( Mé ehf Tuopc)

rgctgretg e rgbumer r`ytòcj pettgrh, w`cmg t`g dcbbgst lhg ( Tuo) coprlvcsgs.3; ”V`g

merbgst fruo, jemmgf ruo, cs pmeygf wct` e stcjn ehf e derg èhf dy t`g oestgr fruoogr

w`l, t`rlub` `cs coprlvcsetclhs, jlhtrlms t`g rctuem fehjg.‟35

34

Acburg 50. V`g t`rgg oech etedequgs, Tuo, Tuopc, ehf Mé (rgprlfujgf dy pgrocssclh).

Ct cs coplrteht tl hltg tèt, ch Jehflodmã, gej` Lrcxå ès cts lwh ouscjem r`ytò,

w`cj` gxprgssgs t`g Lrcsè–s stlry, pgrslhemcty, ehf oyt`cj plwgr. Emsl, ”tl gej`

03 Eoerem g fe Zcmve, Jehter pere sudcr , 6-7.3; [euml Jlste Mcoe. Chvghâêl g Ogoúrce. Hevgbeâêl ch Jröhcjes g Ghsecls sldrg Oùscje g Efiejéhjces.(Zemveflr9 GFWADE, 4;;7), 5;6, trehs. Zãrbcl Ocrehfe.35 Bgrerf Dãèbug ch Brlvg Ouscj Lh-mchg. 34 Eachslp`ce ‚ L Dmlb fe [ltéhjce/ Jlouhcfefg Chtgopgstcve. `ttp9//eachslp`ce.dmlb.jlo/4;;0/;6/5;/e-agste-fls-lrcxes-hl-cmg-esg-fl-pec-bglvehl-fg-eiebuhh%G5%DD%0Fh/ (ejjgssgf lh Zgptgodgr 52t`,4;5;).



'$

r`ytò jlrrgsplhfs e bcvgh j`lrglbrep`y emsl essljcetgf wct` e spgjcacj blf6E*$

Pehbö–s r`ytò cs t`g Emuiå, ehf, ejjlrfchb tl Or. Ncdehezeodc, ct ès e aest tgopl,

wct` e wer-mcng jèrejtgr. Emuiå cs pmeygf furchb t`g Jehflodmãs rctgs la Pehbö. V`cs

r`ytò cs ch 54/0 ogtgr, wct` eh crrgbumer fcvcsclh. V`g pert tèt cs pmeygf dy t̀ g

etedequgs Mé ehf Tuopc jlhtechs essyogtrcjem dgets. V`g gcb`t` hltgs erg brlupgf chtl

7 ehf 2 hltg ogtgrs ch gej` ogesurg. Mcoe seys tèt ct èppghs heturemmy es e rgsumt la

t`g pmeychb, w`cj` jrgetgs t`cs crrgbumer dget. 36

37

Acburg 53. Zèhbl–s Emuxå descj r`ytòcj jgmms (arlo Zgcxes, p. 521)

[gralroehjg la t`cs ouscj emsl chvlmvgs spgjcacj bghfgr rlmgs> lhmy ogh erg emmlwgf tl

pmey t`g oeilrcty la t`g pgrjussclh chstruoghts, dut schbchb jeh dg flhg dy dlt` ogh ehf

wlogh.31

Ejjlrfchb tl Fr. Lrfgp Zgrre, e prlagsslr ch t`g Eht`rlplmlby Fgpertoght et

Agfgrem Whcvgrscty la De`ce, Drezcm, e r`ytò tèt jlumf wgmm rgprgsght Pehbö cs t`g

3: Cdcf. 36 Mcoe, Chvghâêl g Ogoúrce, 4;;.37 Muïs Jmåufcl [crgs Zgcxes. Lxemuaê, Wo Gstufl e [ertcr fe Tgmeâêl ghtrg Octl g Oùscje / Ogoúrce fgWoe Jloplscâêl Ouscjem [rlbreoåtcje. Fcssgrteâêl Eprgsghtefe el Jursl fg Ogstrefl fe Gsjlme fgOùscje fe Whcvgrscfefg Agfgrem fe De`ce, jlol rgqucsctl perjcem pere e ldtghâêl fl breu fg Ogstrg ‚Jloplscâêl. Zemveflr9 4;;1, Eppghfcx 4, p.11, trehs. Zãrbcl Ocrehfe. 31 Eoerem g fe Zcmve, Jehter pere sudcr, 6-7.



'%

Erbghtchceh tehbl. @g oghtclhs e t`glry t`et t`g wlrf tehbl cs fgrcvgf arlo t`g wlrf

Pehbö.32 Gvgh t`lub` t`cs t`glry oey hgvgr dg jlhacrogf, Zgrre s`lws slog aevlr

tlwerfs ct. @g seys t`et t`g tehbl cs e nchf la fehjg wct` strlhb ehf sgfujtcvg olvgs,

iust mcng e pessclhetg fugm, w`cmg dgchb et t`g seog tcog sghsuem ehf ebbrgsscvg. Zuj` e

fehjg wlumf jgrtechmy suct Pehbö–s testg.30

32 Zgcxes, Lxemuaê, 521.30 Cdcf.



'&

E[[GHFCP J

[lrtubugsg Vgopl ehf Fyheocj Vgros

Emgbrgoghtg ‚ èppcmy

Ehcoefl g jrgsj. ‚ gxjctgf ehf wct` chjrgeschb vlmuog (jrgsjghfl)

Eprgssehfl ‚ ejjgmgretchb

Dgo rctcoefl ‚ r`ytòcjemmy ejjuretg

Drchjehfl ‚ pmeyaummy

Jehtehfl ‚ schbchb

Jehtehfl gsprgss^cvl_ ‚ schbchb pessclhetgmyJgfghfl ‚ smlwchb flwh

Jrgsj^ghfl_ ehcoehfl ‚ jrgsjghfl wct` e rghgwgf vcblr

Fgveber ‚ smlw

Gsprgs^scvl_ ‚ gxprgsscvg

brejclsl ‚ brejgaum

Mgvg - slat

Mcbefl gsprgss. ‚ jlhhgjtgf ehf gxprgsscvg

Oghls ‚ mgss (oghl olssl)

Olfgrefl ‚ mgss chtghsg

Olvcfl, emgbrg ‚ olvchb fgmcb`taummy

Olvcfl sgoprg ‚ olvchb stgefcmy

Hêl fgprgsse ‚ hlt aest

Tgmcbclsl ‚ rgmcbclusmy

Tctoefl ‚ ghèhjchb t`g r`ytò



''

Zeuflsl - ocssedmg

Zgbuchfl ‚ almmlwchb

Zlmtl - argg

Zlturhl ‚ slodgr

Wo plujl oecs ‚ e mcttmg dct olrg (pljl pcù olssl)



'(

E[[GHFCP F

Chtgrhetclhem [`lhgtcj Emp`edgt (C[E) alr bghgrem Drezcmceh [lrtubugsg 33

Ch Drezcmceh [lrtubugsg t`g acvg mgttgrs (e, g, c, l u) rgprgsght gcb`t vlwgms9 e, $, g,

!, c, l, (, u, dut ”t`g uhstrgssgf vlwgm $ lhmy ljjurs ch wlrf-achem plsctclh‟. 5;; Emsl, t`g

vlwgms (g) ehf (l) `evg fcaagrght prlhuhjcetclhs9

g ? !9 dgml (d ! m u) ‐ dgeutcaum–

g ? g9 sgjl (s g n u) ‐fry–

g ? c9 hlvg (h ( v c ) ‐hchg–

l ? (9 dlme (d ( m $) ‐demm–

l ? l9 jlogr (n l o g r) ‐tl get–

l ? u9 petl (p e t u) ‐fujn–

Bmcfgs (i) ehf (w) erg rgprgsghtgf dy (c), ehf (u)9

c ? c9 vc (v c) ‐C sew– c ? i9 pec (p e i) ‐aet`gr–

u ? u9 tufl (t u f u) ‐gvgryt`chb– u ? w9 peu (p e w) ‐stcjn–

Hesem vlwgms jeh ljjur ch strgssgf, achem strgss, ehf prg-strgssgf plsctclhs, dut

fcp`t`lhbs, wct` rerg gxjgptclhs, erg gxjmuscvg tl t`g achem strgssgf plsctclh9 5;5

33 Oerce @gmghe Ocre Oetgus, ehf Grhgstl f'Ehfrefg [erfem. V`g [`lhlmlby la [lrtubugsg. ”V`g

p`lhlmlby la t`g wlrmf's mehbuebgs,‟ Lxalrf9 Lxalrf Whcvgrscty [rgss, 4;;;, 50.5;; Cdcf.5;5 Cfgo 5:;.



')

Ztrgssgf Achem strgssgf [rg-strgssgf

($ ") ehtgs ‐dgalrg– ($ ") rloê ‐plogbrehetg– ($ ") ehfer ‐tl wemn–

(") jghtrl ‐jghtrg– (") eoão ‐eogh– (") rgoghfer ‐tl petj`–

( # ) jchjl ‐acvg– ( # ) aco ‐ghf– ( # ) achfer ‐tl achcs`–

(÷) eplhte ‐`g/s`g plchts– (÷) tlo ‐tlhg– (÷) plhtch`l ‐soemm plcht–

($) eauhfe ‐`g/s`g schns– ($) jlouo ‐jloolh– ($) eauhfer ‐tl schn–

Jlhslhehts Gxeopmgs Ghbmcs` Gqucvemght Qlwgms Gxeopmgs

d dgste, sådefl dgf, muodgr e jesl (jesg)f

fgfl, repefure flb $

slpe (slup)f

fcbl, jcfefg bgsturg, ghbchg ! = jehtl (C schb)a

Jeaã jlaag, fgaejgg

sgjl (fry))

betl, trcbl bemmeht, ebl%

jghtrl (jghtgr)n

jeoe, meje jlog, sjeh ! dgml (dgeutcaum)m

mch`l, jemlr mcedmg, smcpc

vc (sew),

+

Qgm`lFHA (es Ctemceh ”bm‟

ch vlbmcl)jchjl (acvg)

o

oêg, jlogr ocrejmg, ocb`tl

evö (brehfaet`grh

hete, ehl hetemcty, slhcj÷

eplhter (tl plcht

'

Deh`l FHA (es Ctemceh ”bh‟ch slbhl) (

dlme (demm)

p

plâl, tlpl [ejcacj, splusgu

tufl (gvgryt`chb

&

ghresjefl, olrtgFHA (es Bgroeh ”`‟

ch `grzgh *

eauhfer (tl schn

#

erehè, drevl pgrjgcvg Zgocvlwgms Gxeopmgs

s

sejl, deâl, prlogsse,hesjghfl

sejni

Cetg (yej`t)

" jèvg, decxl, agjèr s`cpw

Buerfe (buerf)t

teje, åtlol tlef, stehf

t " tcpl, bghtg, tjèu, rgej`v

veje, jeveml vejetclhz

zlrrl, jese zgdre, Drezcmbghtg, ieoecs rlubg, ogesurg

Vedmg 5: ‚ [lrtubugsg wlrfs ehf t`gcr gqucvemghts ch Ghbmcs`.



'*

E[[GHFCP G

Zjlrgs la Jchjl Jehâ÷gs Hlrfgstches fl Almnmlrg Drescmgcrl, `erolhczefes pere jehtl g pcehl (Acvg Zlhbs la Hlrt`gestgrh Drezcmceh Almnmlrg, @erolhczgf alr Qlcjg ehf[cehl).5;4

5;4 Zgg hltcjg rgberfchb jlpyrcb`t, p. cc.



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E[[GHFCP A ‚ J`lrem Zuppmgoght

Gxeopmg E - Grhehc Jlste Drebe–s ”Zêl Ilêl Fe-re-rêl‟9 t`rgg-pert alr wlogh–s vlcjgse jepgmme j`lrus, uhpudmcs`gf.5;:

5;: Whpudmcs`gf eutlbrep` j`lrem sjlrgs dy Grhehc Jlste Drebe, fcsjlvgrgf dy Fr. Oerjls Iùmcl Zgrbm laWhcvgrscfefg fg Zêl [euml (Whcvgrscty la Zêl [euml), aurhcs`gf tl og dy Fr. Åmverl Jermchc etWhcvgrscfefg Agfgrem fl [erehå (Agfgrem Whcvgrscty la [erehå), wct` pgrocssclh tl rgprlfujg. V`g lrcbchemsjlrgs erg et Fr. Oerjls Iùmcl Zgrbm–s pgrslhem mcdrery.



*%

Gxeopmg D - Grhehc Jlste Drebe's "Ghbgh`l Hlvl"9 gcb`t-pert alr ocxgf vlcjgs ejepgmme j`lrus ehf tghlr slml, uhpudmcs`gf.5;6

5;6 Cdcf.



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*(



*)

TGAGTGHJGZ

Edre`eo, Tly Jmcvg. Fcjtclhery la Olfgrh Slrude. Mlhflh9 Whcvgrscty la Mlhflh

[rgss, 5370.Eoerem, Tcte g Blhâemvgs fe Zcmve, Qebhgr. Jehter pere sudcr - uo gstufl ehtrlplmúbcjl

fe oùscje rctuem hl jehflodmã peumcste Ch9 ”Tgmcbcêl & Zljcgfefg‟ v. 51, hl. 5/4,CZGT, Tcl fg Iehgcrl, 5334e.

Derzuh, Iejqugs. V`g Ogehchb la Ogehchb ch Ouscj9 Dgrmclz lhjg olrg. ”V`g OuscjemUuertgrmy.‟ Hgw Slrn9 530;, v. 11, h.5.

Dã`ebug, Bgrerf. ”Earl-Eogrcjeh Ouscj, Zlut` Eogrcje‟ ch V`g Hgw Brlvg Fcjtclheryla Ouscj ehf Ouscjcehs, gf. Ztehmgy Zefcg, 4hf gf. Hgw Slrn9 Oejocmmeh

[udmcs`grs Mcoctgf, 4;;59 Q 6, 522.Dgt`gmm, Mgsmcg. Jlmlhcem Drezcm . Jeodrcfbg9 Jeodrcfbg Whcvgrscty [rgss, 5302.

Dlwgh, V`loes Igaagrslh. Breooer ehf Fcjtclhery la t`g Slrude Mehbuebg9 Rct` eh Chtrlfujtlry Fgsjrcptclh la t`g Jluhtry ehf [glpmg la Slrude. Res`chbtlh Jcty9Zoct`slhceh Chstctutclh, 5070.

Drebe, Grhehc. Jchjl Jehâ÷gs Hlrfgstches fl Almjmlrg Drescmgcrl @erolhcsefes pereJehtl g [cehl. Dughls Ecrgs9 Tcjlrfc, 5364.

\\\\\\\\\\\. ”Ghbgh`l Hlvl‟9 scx-pert alr ocxgf vlcjgs e jepgmme j`lrus ehf tghlrslml, OZ, Oerjls Iùmcl Zgrbm pgrslhem jlmmgjtclh.

\\\\\\\\\\\. ”Zêl Ilêl Fe-re-rêl‟9 t`rgg-pert alr wlogh–s vlcjgs e jepgmme j`lrus,OZ, Oerjls Iùmcl Zgrbm pgrslhem jlmmgjtclh.

Fl Hesjcoghtl, Edfces. ”Earcjeh Jumturg ch Drezcmceh Ert‟, Ilurhem la Dmejn Ztufcgs,Qlm. 0, Hl. 6 (Iuh., 5320), V`lusehf Lens9 Zebg [udmcjetclhs, Chj., pp. :03-644V`g Ouscj Chfgx Lhmchg, Istlr (ejjgssgf Hlvgodgr ;6, 4;;3).

Gfcâ÷gs Ogm`lreoghtls, ehf Mehbghsj`gcft (Acro). Mehbghsj`gcft's [ljngt [lrtubugsg Fcjtclhery9 Ghbmcs`-[lrtubugsg, [lrtubugsg-Ghbmcs`. Hgw Slrn9 Mehbghsj`gcft,5303.

Argyrg, Bcmdgrtl. Lrfgr ehf [rlbrgss. Drezcm arlo Olherj`y tl Tgpudmcj. Gfctgf ehftrehsmetgf arlo t`g [lrtubugsg dy Tlf. R. @lrtlh. Dgrngmgy9 Whcvgrscty laJemcalrhce [rgss, 5301.



**

@cmtlh, Tlhemf. R`l's R`l ch Metch Eogrcje9 [ert QC, Drezcm . Jemcalrhce9 ZtehalrfWhcvgrscty, 5360, 65.

@ctj`jljn, @. Rcmgy. Ouscj ch t`g Whctgf Ztetgs9 E @cstlrcjem Chtrlfujtclh, 6t` gf.[rghtcjg @emm, 5333.

Ncodemm, Jerlm. Zlhb, E Bucfg tl Ert Zlhb Ztymg ehf Mctgreturg. Tgv. gf. Ocmweungg9 @emMglherf Jlrplretclh, 4;;19 742-740.

Nu`h, Meure. Dengr–s Dclbrep`cjem Fcjtclhery la Vwghtcgt`-Jghtury Jmesscjem Ouscjcehs. Jghtghhcem gf. Q 5. Hgw Slrn9 Zj`crogr Dllns, 4;;59 573.

Mcoe, [euml Jlste. Chvghâêl g Ogoúrce. Hevgbeâêl ch Jröhcjes g Ghsecls sldrg Oùscjeg Efiejéhjces. Zemveflr9 GFWADE, 4;;7.

Oercz, Qesjl. @cstúrce fe Oùscje hl Drescm . 7t` gf. Tgv. g Eopmcefe. Tcl fg Iehgcrl9

Hlve Arlhtgcre, 4;;;9 451-452.Oetgus, Oerce @gmghe Ocre, ehf Grhgstl f'Ehfrefg [erfem. V`g [`lhlmlby la

[lrtubugsg. V`g p`lhlmlby la t`g wlrmf's mehbuebgs. Lxalrf9 Lxalrf Whcvgrscty[rgss, 4;;;.

Olhgmmg, Teyolhf. Mchbucstcjs ehf Zgocltcjs ch Ouscj. Jlhtgoplrery Ouscj Ztufcgs,v.7. Mlhflh9 @erwllf Ejefgocj [udmcs`grs, 5334.

Lmcvgcre, Ilsg fe Qgcbe. "Jlrrgsplhfghjg9 Metch-Eogrcjeh jlhausclh." BTEOL[@LHG, V`g Jmesscjem Ouscj Oebezchg 14, (Ljtldgr 5306)9 654. V`g Ouscj Chfgx Lhmchg,GDZJL`lst (ejjgssgf Hlvgodgr 6, 4;;3).

[grgcre, Bcsgtg Ebucer Jlgm`l. Grhehc Drebe vcfe g ldre. Tgjcag9 Zgjrgterce fg Gfujeâêlfl Gstefl fg [grheodujl, 5301.

[grgcre, Ilsã Tcjerfl Mlpgs. "V`g slml vljem ouscj la Grhehc Drebe (F.O.E., Whcv. laJemcalrhce, Zehte Derdere, 4;;2)." FCZZGTVEVCLH EDZVTEJVZCHVGTHEVCLHEM, Zgjtclh E, 4;;0. V`g Ouscj Chfgx Lhmchg, GDZJL`lst(ejjgssgf Hlvgodgr 6, 4;;3).

Tehfgm, Flh Ocj`egm. V`g @erverf Dclbrep`cjem Fcjtclhery la Ouscj. Oessej`usgtts9V`g Dgmnhep [rgss la @erverf Whcvgrscty [rgss, 53319 5;5.

Tcdgcrl, Oerce fg Mlurfgs Dlrbgs. L ilhbl. Tcl fg Iehgcrl9 AWHETVG, 5306.

Zj`hgcfgr, Il`h V. Fcjtclhery la Earcjeh Dlrrlwchbs ch Drezcmceh [lrtubugsg. @eodurb9@. Dusng, 5335.



Zgcxes, Muïs Jmåufcl [crgs. Lxemuaê, Wo Gstufl e [ertcr fe Tgmeâêl ghtrg Octl g Oùscje / Ogoúrce fg Woe Jloplscâêl Ouscjem [rlbreoåtcje. FcssgrteâêlEprgsghtefe el Jursl fg Ogstrefl fe Gsjlme fg Oùscje fe Whcvgrscfefg Agfgremfe De`ce, jlol rgqucsctl perjcem pere e ldtghâêl fl breu fg Ogstrg ‚Jloplscâêl.Zemveflr9 4;;1.

Zcmve, Qebhgr Blhâemvgs fe. Jehflodmã g Wodehfe9 Jeoch`ls fe Fgvlâêl Drescmgcre.Zêl [euml9 Gf. Åtcje, 5336.

Vctlh, Igaa Vlff. Rlrmfs la Ouscj. Eh Chtrlfujtclh tl t`g Ouscj la t`g Rlrmf–s [glpmgs.Mlhflh9 Jlmmcgr Oejocmmeh [udmcs`grs, 5306.

Wmrcj`, Lttl @., Ir. "Mgttgrs." AEHAETG, V`g Oebezchg alr Zgrclus Tgjlrf Jlmmgjtlrs 0,hl. 1 (5307)9 54. V`g Ouscj Chfgx Lhmchg, GDZJL`lst (ejjgssgf Hlvgodgr 6,4;;3).

QcmmeMldls, @. @gctlr Qcmme-Mldls Jlopmgtg Rlrns alr [cehl, Qlm 0. Vgxts ehfVrehsmetclhs la slhbs lh w`cj` Qcmme-Mldls desgf `cs Buce [råtcjl, trehsmetgf dyZlhce Tudchsny. Hexls Chtgrhetclhem Mtfe, 4;;0, 5-3.

Qlgns, Tldgrt E. Zejrgf mgevgs la Jehflodmã9 Earcjeh oebcj, ogfcjchg, ehf rgmcbclh ch Drezcm. Eustch9 D;/J<-:/4F 0G A<B,: ?-<::5 "**(6

FIVE SONGS OF NORTHEASTERN BRAZILIAN FOLKLORE BY ERNANI BRAGA, HARMONIZED FOR VOICE AND PIANO: A...

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Transcript of FIVE SONGS OF NORTHEASTERN BRAZILIAN FOLKLORE BY ERNANI BRAGA, HARMONIZED FOR VOICE AND PIANO: A...