Fishing Vessel Fire Safety_Sept_2011 (2)

8/2/2019 Fishing Vessel Fire Safety_Sept_2011 (2)

1/19

OH&S PREVENTION

For more informaon on the development and implementaon of this and other programs,

contact Prevenon Services at: (709) 778-1552 or toll free 1-800-563-9000

PURPOSE OF THIS GUIDE:

The Workplace Health, Safety and

Compensaton Commission is developing

resource materials to help employers

and workers to carry out their

responsibilies for health and safety

in the workplace. This specific booklet,

Fishing Vessel Fire Safety, is designed

to provide an understanding of effecve

fire safety iniaves and emergency

response planning.

Fishing Vessel Fire Safety

Guide


2/19

September 2011

Fishing Vessel Fire Safety

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The Workplace Health, Safety and Compensaon Commission (the Commission) would like to acknowledge the ProfessionalFish Harvesters Cerficaon Board, the Fish, Food and Allied Workers Union, and the Marine Instute for their assistance with

development and distribuon of this booklet.

INFORMATION SOURCESWorkplace Health, Safety and Compensaon Commission

Prevenon Services

Phone: (709) 778-1552

Toll free 1 800 563-9000;

Department of Government Services

Occupaonal Health and Safety BranchPhone: (709) 729-2706

Or toll free 1-800-563-5471

Professional Fish Harvesters Cerficaon Board

Telephone: (709) 722-8170

Fax: (709) 722-8201

Email: [email protected]

DISCLAIMER

The Workplace Health, Safety and Compensaon Commission provides informaon and health and safety advisory services for

most aspects of occupaonal health and safety programming.

The informaon presented is subject to a disclaimer. It is intended to provide examples of general use and may not apply to every

circumstance. While all reasonable efforts have been made to ensure the accuracy of the informaon presented, the Commission

does not and cannot guarantee the accuracy thereof. The Commission does not warrant or assume any legal liability or

responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of the informaon presented, nor for any acons taken in reliance

thereon. The Commission shall not be liable for any damage or loss arising out of the use of the informaon or the applicaon

of the concepts contained therein. All those using the informaon do so at their own risk and shall be deemed to indemnify the

Commission from any loss or damage arising from the use of the informaon.

The informaon presented is subject to jurisdiconal variaon and is always subject to change. Individuals or organizaons

responsible for working with the informaon presented are responsible for ensuring that all applicable standards and regulaonsare fulfilled. The informaon presented cannot and should not be considered a definive guide to government regulaons nor

does it relieve individuals or organizaons using the informaon from their responsibilies under any or all applicable legislaon.

www.whscc.nl.ca


3/19

Table of Contents

Introducon ............................................................................................................................2

Nature of Fire ..........................................................................................................................3

Fire Protecon: The importance of vessel design ...................................................................4

Fire Prevenon ........................................................................................................................4

Fire Classificaon Chart ..........................................................................................................5

Fire Detecon .........................................................................................................................6

Firefighng ..............................................................................................................................7

Fire Exnguisher Chart ............................................................................................................9

Emergency Response Planning .............................................................................................11

F-I-R-E ...................................................................................................................................12

References ............................................................................................................................13

Fire Inspecon Checklist ..................................................................................................14-16


4/19

PAGE 2


5/19

PAGE 3

Nature of fire

Fire is a relationship between three components: Fuel, heat, and oxygen.

For fire to start in any combustible substance, each one of these components

must be present.

Fire Triangle:

Oxygen: Fire only requires 16% oxygen to support combustion. The air we breath

contains 21%.

Fuel: When a fuel, such as wood, cloth, or flammable gas becomes heated to itsignition point the material undergoes combustion.

Heat: A heat source can ignite a fire in two ways; providing a direct flame, or byheating a fuel to its ignition temperature via conduction, convection, or

radiation.

Once ignited, fire continues to grow through a process of chemical chain reactions.

Therefore, once started, there are four variables that sustain fire: fuel, oxygen, heat andchemical reactions. This is referred to as the Fire Tetrahedron.

Fire Tetrahedron:

Fire can be prevented by controlling the three variables in the fire triangle. Once ignited,

fire can be extinguished by controlling the four variables of the fire tetrahedron.


6/19

PAGE 4

Fire protection: The importance of vessel design

Fire protection is an important aspect of vessel design. Structural fire protection refers

to elements in vessel design that are intended to prevent and protect against the spread

of fire. It is visible in construction practices like the use of bulkheads, using fire resistant

material, guarding or isolating fuel from heat sources, using fire doors or hatches, and in

the design of electrical systems, fuel systems, ventilation and cooling systems.

These engineering principles are incorporated during the construction and retrofitting

of a vessel. Good engineering will help protect against fire hazards, but there are no

guarantees. Good maintenance and inspection programs, along with other proactive

fire prevention strategies are also required.

Fire prevention

Most fires are caused by human action or lack of action. By being proactive, onboard

fires can be prevented!

Consider the following items:

Training. All crew members should receive training regarding the nature of fire, fire

hazard identification, fire prevention, fire fighting, and emergency procedures. Crew

members should also receive training on safe work practices and procedures that will

provide them with the knowledge to perform job tasks safely, such as refueling, vessel

maintenance, hot work (welding or burning), and the storage of flammable material.

Vessel Maintenance. A maintenance program involves good planning and the

identification of critical parts that are essential to vessel safety. These could include

items such as bearings, fuel lines, fittings, gear boxes, electrical systems, batteries, itemsrequiring regular lubrication, etc.Once you have established a list of the various parts that require ongoing maintenance

or repair you should develop a maintenance schedule that identifies which parts require

weekly, monthly or annual maintenance. By documenting your work in a maintenance

log book you will easily keep track of what has been accomplished and be better

prepared for the next round of scheduled maintenance.

Safety Inspections. An important part of fire prevention is conducting regular safety

inspections. This process will allow you to identify and control fire hazards. The bestpractice is to conduct a formal inspection, using a checklist to ensure that no area is

overlooked. Carefully inspect fire detection systems, fire extinguishers, and other life

saving equipment.


7/19

PAGE 5

A sample fire inspection checklist has been provided at the back of this guide.

Housekeeping. Crewmembersmustensurethatalltrashispickedup,thatallspillsare

containedandcleanedup,andthatalloilyrags,paintingmaterial,andotherflammable

materialsareproperlystoredawayfromheatsources.Alsoensurethatallflammable

materialsare

properly

shored

to

prevent

shifting

while

at

sea.

Galley. Avesselsgalleyhasgreatpotentialforfireandshouldneverbeleftunattended

wheninuse.Mostgalleyfiresareduetopoorhousekeeping.Therefore,alltrashand

wastemustbeproperlydisposedofandyoushouldmonitorgreaseaccumulationand

ensurecleanliness.Allgalleystovesmustbesecuredtopreventmovement,andmustbe

fittedwithrailstorestrainmovementofcookingutensils.Allfuelsupplylinestoastove

mustalsobeequippedwithshutoffvalues.

Smoking. Caremustbetakenwhendiscardingcigarettesandmatches.Itisagood

practicetosoaksmokingmaterialswithwaterbeforediscardingthemandensurethat

thereisnosmokingintheengineroom,galley,sleepingquarters,orduringrefueling

operations.

Fire prevention by fire class. Fireisclassifiedintofivegeneralclassesbasedonthetype

offuelinvolved:

Type

of fireSymbol Fuel Prevention

Class

A

Wood,paper,cloths

etc.,

Goodhousekeeping Regularroundsofworkingpremises

Use

of

fire

retardant/fire

resistant

materials

Properlytrainedpersonnel

Class

B

Flammableliquidsand

gases

Properstorageofoilandflammableproducts Properlymaintainedfuelhandlingsystems Nosmoking Properlytrainedpersonnel

Class

C

Electricalcablesand

electricalmotors,

switchboardsetc.,

Properlymaintainedelectricalequipment Ensuringproperelectricalinsulationnonakedwires Usingweatherprooffittingswherenecessary Switchingoffelectricalequipmentwhennotinuse

(lights,fans,

air

conditioners

etc.)


Class

D

Combustiblemetals

Understandingthecharacteristicsofonboardchemicalsandcombustiblemetalsandtheoperatingproceduresthat

mustbeimplementedforhandlingthesematerials.



8/19

PAGE 6

ClassK

Grease,cookingoils

Goodhousekeeping Emptygreasetrapsregularly Inspectandcleandirtyducts Ensureproperstorageofflammableitems Inspectforfaultyorfrayedelectricalcords Properlytrainedpersonnel

Class D Fires require special extinguishing agents produced for specific combustible metals. None

of the extinguishing agents mentioned in this booklet will effectively deal with Class D Fires.

Fire detection

Thepurposeoffiredetectionistoquicklydetectthepresenceoffireandprovide

awarningtooccupants.

There are two basic methods of fire detection:

1. Manual detection.Isdependentuponapersontodetectthepresenceoffire.Toassist,vesselownerscouldinstallclosedcircuittelevisionsinareassuchas

theengineroomorgalleysothattheseareascanbemonitoredfromthebridge.Ifa

fireisdiscovered,theindividualshouldshout:FIRE!FIRE!FIREoractivateanalarm

systembeforetryingtoextinguishafire.

2. Automatic detection.Referstothevarioustypesofalarmsystems.Therearemanydifferenttypesoffiredetectionsystems,eachwithadvantagesanddisadvantages.

Therefore,carefulconsiderationmustbegiventotheselectionandplacementof

firedetectionsystems.

The three main types of automatic fire detection are flame, heat and smoke detectors.

1. Flame detectorsdetectthepresenceofradiantenergygeneratedbyflamebyusinganultraviolet(UV)orinfrared(IR)sensor.Thesearesensitivedetectorsthatcanbe

setoffbyweldingorevendirectsunlight.

2. Heat detectorssensethermaloutputfromfireandcanbebasedonfixedtemperature(i.e.activatedwhentemperatureincreasesaboveaprogrammed

temperature)orrateofrise(i.e.candetectafastdevelopingfire).

3. Smoke detectorssensethepresenceofparticlesintheair.Therearetwobasictypesofsmokedetectors.

i. Photoelectric sensorsdetectthepresenceofsmokeparticles.Assuch,theyaresensitivetosmolderingfiresbutreactslowlytoflamingfires.

Thistypeofdetectorcannotbepoweredbybatteries.

ii. Ionization detectors detectcombustionproductslikecarbonparticles.Theyrespondwelltoflamingfirebutinsensitivetosmolderingfires.Unlike

photoelectricdetectors,ionizationdetectorscanbepoweredbybatteries.


9/19

PAGE 7


10/19

PAGE 8

Please consider the following chart regarding fire extinguishing agents:

Use correct procedures for the type of extinguisher you are using Never turn your back on a fire Never allow the fire to get between you and safety Always report usage of an extinguisher to the Master Once used, do not place the extinguisher back in its normal station replace

with new extinguisher as soon as possible

Another important factor is to ensure that the type of extinguisher provided is suitable

for the type of hazard likely to be encountered.


11/19

PAGE 9

Extinguisher

Ty

pe

ofFire

Considerations

Colour

Type

Solids

(wood,paper,

cloth,etc)

Flammable

Liquid

Flammable

Gases

Electrical

Equipment

Coo

kingOils

a

ndFat

Pros

Cons

Recommendations

Excellent

cooling

properties

Conducts

electricity

Canspread

classBfires

Donotuseon

electricalfires

Minimal

chanceof

reignition

Works

wellon

flammable

liquids

Conducts

electricity

Damages/dest

roys

equipment

Foammay

deteriorate

duringstora

ge

Applytoavertical

surface&allowfoam

torundownand

spreadoverafire

FOAM

WATER

xNO

xNO

xNO

xNO

xNOx

N

O

aYES

aYES

aY

ES

aYES


12/19

PAGE 10

Fastand

effective

Various

typesof

chemical

for

different

classesof

fire

General

purpose

ABC

available

Firemustal

so

becooledto

preventre

ignition

Highly

corrosiveto

electronic

equipment

Agentcancake

andsolidify

in

container

Ifusedinenclosed

areasgetfreshairas

soonaspossible.

Doesnot

conduct

electricity

Doesnot

deteriorate

during

storage

Non

corrosive,

non

damaging

to equipment

Oxygen

displacement

istemporary

Firemustal

so

becooledto

preventre

ignition

CO2usually

in

limitedsupp

ly

Displaces

oxygen

could

cause

asphyxiation

Keepfingers&hands

awayfrom

discharge

nozzle.

Ifusedinenclosed

areasgetfreshairas

soonaspossible.

CARBON

DIOXIDE

(CO2)

DRY

POWDER

xNO

aYES

YES

a

YES

a

aYES

xNO

aYES

aYES

aYES

xNO


13/19

PAGE 11

Emergency Response Planning

It is the responsibility of the Master to ensure that crew members are aware

of what they must do in an emergency situation. Masters must ensure that their vesselhas an emergency response plan and that all crew members are fully informed. Fire

drills should also be conducted on a regular basis to ensure that crew members are fully

aware of their roles and responsibilities in the event of a fire or an abandon ship

scenario.

If a fire does occur, crew members must act quickly to contain and extinguish the fire.

In the worst case scenario, crew members may have to abandon ship if a fire cannot be

contained.

Transport Canada regulations specify the requirements for life rafts and survival suits.

Please consult the regulations for specific requirements for your vessel. Inspection and

maintenance of these items is vital to ensure that they are in good working order. It is

also extremely important that crew members are trained in the use of emergency

equipment.

Conclusion

The first goal of fire safety is to prevent fires from occurring. Regular maintenance,

inspection, and use of fire prevention strategies will aid in the prevention of fire.

Although, everyone onboard plays a role, the Master has specific responsibilities toensure compliance with Transport Canada regulations and to ensure that all crew

members are informed and trained in their respective emergency roles and

responsibilities. The importance of preparedness and training cannot be overstated.


14/19

PAGE 12

RememberFIRE

FINDthefire,thelocation,anditssize

INFORM

Sound

alarm

or

shout

FIRE!

FIRE!

FIRE

to

notify

all

hands

MakeadistresscalltoCoastGuardandnearbyvessels Activateemergencyfirefightingprocedures

RESTRICTthefire

Ifpossible:o Shutoffairsupplytothefireclosehatches,ports,etc.o DeenergizeelectricalsystemsinaffectedspaceoShut

off

fuel

supply

and

ventilation

o Setfireboundariestoconfinethefire Maneuvervesseltominimizetheeffectofwindonthefire

EXTINGUISHthefire

Determineclassoffire,appropriateequipment,extinguishingagentandmethodofattack

Extinguishand

them

watch

or

re

ignition

Mustercrewtoaccountforallpersonnel

Ifunabletocontrolfire,preparetoabandonthevessel


15/19

PAGE 13

References and Supplemental Reading

Cowley,J.(2002).FireSafetyatSea.MarineEngineeringPracticeSeries,Volume1,

Part5.

Adam,B.(2000).MarineFireFighting.InternationalFireServiceTrainingAssociation

PFHCB(2002).BasicSafetyforFishHarvesters.ProfessionalFishHarvestersCertification

BoardofNewfoundlandandLabrador

TransportCanada(2003).SmallFishingVesselSafetyManual.

NationalFireProtectionAssociation(NFPA).www.nfpa.org

CanadaShipping

Act,

2001.

http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/acts

regulations/acts

2001c26.htm


16/19

Checklist 1 of 3

Vessel __________________________________ Date _________________________

Completed by _________________________________________

Acceptable Unacceptable Assigned To Date Corrected

A. Fire Detection

Are fire/smoke detectors provided

Have smoke detectors been tested

Are alarm pull stations unobstructed

B. Fire Suppression

Fire Station

Fire station properly marked

Hose accessible

Hoses in place and free of cuts and

abrasions

Nozzles in place and applicatorprovided (if required)

Valves unobstructed and easilyoperated

Hose spanner in place

Fire axe present

Pumps tested for flow and pressureand ready for service

Fixed Fire Suppression Systems

Operating instructions posted

System equipment or storage spaces

free of debris or improper stowage

Clearance maintained around sprinkler

heads

Operating control valves unobstructed

and in good operating condition

Alarms and indicators in good order

Operating controls set for proper

operation

Piping intact; free of visible leaks, rust,or corrosion

Discharge outlets in good condition

Operating instructions posted

C. Electrical

Electrical panels clear of obstruction

Proper use of extension cords or powerbars

Free of improper fusing or bridging

Free of makeshift wiring

D. Exit Routes

Exit signs illuminated

Corridor free of hazards

Stairs/stairwells clear

Lighting adequate

Fire Safety Inspecon Checklist

PAGE 14


17/19


E. Safety Equipment

Life Saving Equipment

Life rafts

Emergency packs

Life jackets quality and quantity

Flares

Life raft securing and launching

arrangement

Means of re-boarding

First Aid Kit

Navigation Equipment

Navigation Lights

Anchor Light

Sound signaling

Miscellaneous Equipment

Compass

Radar reflector

Anchoring and mooring equipment

Charts and publications

Communication Equipment

VHF radio if necessary

Other Necessary Equipment

F. Crew Quarters

Direct, uncluttered means of escape; at

least two routes available

General alarm system in good order

Area free of combustibles

Area free of combustibles close to sources

of heat

Area free of overloaded electric circuits

Area free of makeshift electrical wiring or

repairs

Electrical equipment properly grounded

Fire extinguishers:

a. In place and unobstructed

b. Proper type and size

c. Properly charged

d. Date of last examination noted oninspection tag

Checklist 2 of 3PAGE 15


18/19


G. Galley

Area free of combustibles

Noncombustible receptacles with covers

provided

Galley hood and ducts

a. Free of grease accumulations

b. Cleaning date recorded

Fixed extinguishing system properly

marked

Fire extinguishers:a. In place and unobstructed


c. Properly charged

d. Date of last examination noted on

inspection tag

Area free of leaking pipes and fittings

Area free of overloaded electric circuits

Electrical appliances in good repair

Oven free of cracks or crevices

Oven burners secured

Deep fryer secured and covered

Ventilation ducts, dampers and screens

operational

H. DeckDecks

a. Free of combustible material

b. Free of oil and grease

c. Free of leaking pipes and fittings

d. Free of damaged or leaking

containers

Cargo stowed properly

Fuel for lifeboats properly stored

No-smoking signs posted

Paints and flammables properly stowed

Oxygen, acetylene, and other gas cylinders

stored upright and secured

Fire extinguishers:



c. Properly charged

d. Date of last examination noted on

inspection tag

I. Engine Room

Free of combustibles, waste, and oily rags

Noncombustible receptacles with covers

provided

Ventilation ducts, dampers and screens

operational

Free of leaking pipes and fittings

No combustible liquids in open containers

Free of improper fusing or bridging

Free of makeshift wiringWarning signs posted:

a. High Voltage - Keep Clear

b. No Smoking

Motors free of lint and dust

Motors clear of combustible material

Ladders unobstructed

Fire extinguishers:



c. Properly charged

d. Date of last examination noted oninspection tag

Checklist 3 of 3PAGE 16


19/19

Contact informaon

Workplace Health,

Safety and Compensaon

Commission

St. Johns146-148 Forest Road

P.O. Box 9000

St. Johns, NL A1A 3B8

Prevenon Services Inquiries (709) 778-1552

Prevenon Services Fax (709) 778-1564

Toll Free 1 800 563-9000

Grand Falls-Windsor26 High Street

P.O. Box 850

Grand Falls-Windsor, NL A2A 2P7

Telephone: (709) 489-1600

Fax (709) 489-1616

Toll Free 1 800 563-3448

Corner BrookSuite 201B, Millbrook Mall

2 Herald Avenue

P.O. Box 474

Corner Brook, NL

A2H 6E6

Telephone: (709) 637-2700

Fax (709) 639-1018

Toll Free 1 800 563-2772

whscc.nl.ca

Professional Fish HarvestersCerficaon Board

Telephone: (709) 722-8170

Fax: (709) 722-8201

Email: [email protected]

Fishing Vessel Fire Safety_Sept_2011 (2)

Documents

Transcript of Fishing Vessel Fire Safety_Sept_2011 (2)