Fishing power and catch rates in the Queensland east coast ... · Department of Primary Industries...

east coast trawl fi shery

Fishing power and catchrates in the Queensland

Queensland the Smart State

Michael F. O’Neill

George M. Leigh

Sustainable Fisheries

Animal Science

Fishing power and catchrates in the Queenslandeast coast trawl fishery

Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, Southern Fisheries Centre, Deception Bay, Queensland 4508

QI06051 ISSN 0727-6273

The Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries (DPI&F) seeks a better quality of life for all

Queenslanders—a quality of life supported by innovative world-class food and fibre industries, and by

responsible and ecologically sustainable use of natural resources.

Our business is about:

innovative science and commercial uptake of new technology by food and fibre industries;

sustainable use of natural resources;

food safety and protection against imported pests and diseases; and

market-driven and ethical food and fibre production.

This publication quantifies how different sectors of Queensland’s east coast trawl fishery have improved

their fishing power and reports on trends in standardised catch rates of tiger prawns, endeavour prawns,

red-spot king prawns, eastern king prawns and saucer scallops. This publication and other assessment

reports can be viewed and downloaded from the DPI&F stock assessment website:

http://www2.dpi.qld.gov.au/far/14367.html

The Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries (DPI&F) seeks to maximise the economic potential

of Queensland’s primary industries on a sustainable basis.

While every care has been taken in preparing this publication, the State of Queensland accepts no

responsibility for decisions or actions taken as a result of any data, information, statement or advice,

expressed or implied, contained in this report.

© The State of Queensland, Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries 2006.

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Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries

GPO Box 46

Brisbane Qld 4001

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mailto:[email protected]

III

Table of Contents

1 NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY........................................................................................... 1 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS................................................................................................... 2 3 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................. 3

3.1 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES....................................................................................... 3 3.2 FISHING POWER AND STANDARDISING CATCHES................................................................ 6 3.3 THE INFLUENCE OF MANAGEMENT .................................................................................... 7

4 METHODS ........................................................................................................................ 10 4.1 PROCESSING THE CATCH AND EFFORT DATA................................................................... 10

4.1.1 CFISH trawl data.................................................................................................. 10 4.1.2 Queensland historical trawl data.......................................................................... 14 4.1.3 New South Wales eastern king prawn data......................................................... 18

4.2 TRAWL VESSEL GEAR AND TECHNOLOGY SURVEY ........................................................... 18 4.3 STATISTICAL ANALYSES ................................................................................................. 19

4.3.1 QFISH trawl data.................................................................................................. 19 4.3.2 New South Wales eastern king prawn data......................................................... 24 4.3.3 Queensland historical trawl data.......................................................................... 24

5 HARVEST AND EFFORT SUMMARIES.......................................................................... 26 6 TRENDS IN ADOPTION OF TRAWL VESSEL GEARS AND TECHNOLOGY.............. 34

6.1 SURVEY COVERAGE ...................................................................................................... 34 6.2 VESSEL CONFIGURATIONS ............................................................................................. 38 6.3 NET CONFIGURATIONS................................................................................................... 41 6.4 TRY GEAR, BYCATCH REDUCTION DEVICES AND TURTLE EXCLUDERS................................ 44 6.5 NAVIGATION AND SEARCHING TECHNOLOGIES................................................................. 45 6.6 VESSEL SKIPPERS......................................................................................................... 45

7 ANALYSIS OF PRAWN CATCHES................................................................................. 47 8 ESTIMATES OF FISHING POWER ON A VESSEL-DAY BASIS................................... 54

8.1 NORTHERN TIGER PRAWNS............................................................................................ 55 8.2 NORTHERN ENDEAVOUR PRAWNS .................................................................................. 56 8.3 SOUTHERN TIGER PRAWNS ............................................................................................ 57 8.4 RED SPOT KING PRAWNS ............................................................................................... 58 8.5 EASTERN KING PRAWNS ................................................................................................ 59 8.6 SAUCER SCALLOPS ....................................................................................................... 62

9 STANDARDISED CATCH RATES 1988 TO 2004 .......................................................... 64 10 HISTORICAL CATCH RATES PRIOR TO 1988 .......................................................... 73 11 FISHERY INDEPENDENT SURVEYS .......................................................................... 78

11.1 TIGER AND ENDEAVOUR PRAWNS................................................................................ 78 11.1.1 Data and analysis ............................................................................................. 78 11.1.2 Recruitment index............................................................................................. 80

11.2 SAUCER SCALLOPS .................................................................................................... 83 11.2.1 Data and analysis ............................................................................................. 83 11.2.2 Catch rates........................................................................................................ 83

12 DISCUSSION................................................................................................................. 85 12.1 TRAWL VESSEL GEAR AND TECHNOLOGY CHANGES...................................................... 85 12.2 FISHING POWER AND STANDARDISED CATCH RATES ..................................................... 87 12.3 CONCLUDING COMMENTS........................................................................................... 90

13 REFERENCES .............................................................................................................. 92 14 APPENDICES................................................................................................................ 94

IV

14.1 SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF HARVEST FROM EACH QUEENSLAND TRAWL SECTOR ............ 94 14.2 FISHING POWER RATES BASED ON VESSEL DAYS.......................................................... 99

14.2.1 Northern tiger prawns ..................................................................................... 100 14.2.2 Northern endeavour prawns ........................................................................... 101 14.2.3 Southern tiger prawns..................................................................................... 102 14.2.4 Red spot king prawns ..................................................................................... 103 14.2.5 Eastern king prawns ....................................................................................... 104 14.2.6 Saucer scallops............................................................................................... 106

14.3 FISHING POWER RATES ADJUSTED TO EFFORT UNITS ................................................. 107 14.3.1 Northern tiger prawns ..................................................................................... 110 14.3.2 Northern endeavour prawns ........................................................................... 111 14.3.3 Southern tiger prawns..................................................................................... 112 14.3.4 Red spot king prawns ..................................................................................... 113 14.3.5 Eastern king prawns ....................................................................................... 114 14.3.6 Saucer scallops............................................................................................... 116

14.4 SQL CODE FOR JOINING THE QUEENSLAND CATCH AND VESSEL/GEAR DATA ............... 117 14.5 SQL CODE FOR NEW SOUTH WALES EASTERN KING PRAWN DATA.............................. 119 14.6 MODEL CODE, DIAGNOSTICS AND DATA SUMMARY 1988–2004................................... 120

14.6.1 Northern tiger and endeavour prawns ............................................................ 120 14.6.2 Southern tiger prawns..................................................................................... 129 14.6.3 Red spot king prawns ..................................................................................... 136 14.6.4 Eastern king prawns — Queensland .............................................................. 143 14.6.5 Eastern king prawns — New South Wales..................................................... 150 14.6.6 Saucer scallops............................................................................................... 152

14.7 MODEL CODE, DIAGNOSTICS AND HISTORICAL DATA SUMMARY (PRE-1988) ................. 159 14.7.1 Northern tiger prawns ..................................................................................... 160 14.7.2 Northern endeavour prawns ........................................................................... 162 14.7.3 Southern tiger prawns..................................................................................... 164 14.7.4 Eastern king prawns ....................................................................................... 166 14.7.5 Saucer scallops............................................................................................... 168

14.8 QUESTIONNAIRE ...................................................................................................... 170

1

1 Non-Technical Summary

The Queensland east coast trawl fishery is by far the largest prawn and scallop trawl fleet in Australia in

terms of the number of vessels. By the end of 2004, 504 vessels were licensed to fish the major trawl

sectors for tiger prawns, endeavour prawns, red spot king prawns, eastern king prawns and saucer

scallops. Over time the vessels have changed considerably through the adoption of new and better

vessel technologies and fishing gear. This has made the interpretation of the catch rate statistics, the

assessment of the status of the fishery and the management arrangements more difficult.

This publication used general linear and linear mixed models to demonstrate that the efficiency of an

average vessel at catching prawns or scallops in Queensland had increased considerably. The analyses

differed with the general linear model (GLM) including the vessel data (e.g. engine power, computer

mapping, number of nets etc) and not the vessel identifier codes (record-number). The mixed linear

models (REML) used the vessel data and treated vessel identifiers as a random effect. The results from

both analyses are reported to highlight the importance of including the vessel identifiers; in this

publication the fishing power results from the linear mixed models are recommended to management.

There had been changes in most of the general vessel characteristics including increased engine

power, adoption of propeller nozzles, changes in net styles and increased use of global positioning

systems with computer mapping softwares. These changes and adoptions, together with the ever

changing profile of the fleet, have resulted in significant increases in average vessel fishing power. For

the complete fishing years from 1989 to 2003 the linear mixed models estimated fishing power

increases of 8% in the northern tiger, 13% in the northern endeavour, 8% in the southern tiger, 17% in

the red spot king, 40% in the eastern king prawn and 5% in the saucer scallop sector. The general linear

models estimated similar fishing powers except for northern endeavour and red spot king prawns, which

were greater.

Average catch rates were found to be stable for Queensland tiger, endeavour, red spot king or eastern

king prawns between 1988 and 2003. It was clear from the comparison of pre and post 1988 catches

that prawn catch-rates were much higher in the 1970s and early 1980s. Saucer scallop catch rates have

been at their lowest levels between 1996 and 2003. This report also examined catch rates derived from

fishery independent surveys and from the eastern king prawn trawl sector in New South Wales.

A significant decline in the 2004 catch rate of eastern king prawns from New South Wales waters was

demonstrated.

The main conclusions from this publication were:

• Queensland and New South Wales eastern king prawn standardised catch rates should be

assessed in early 2007 to monitor if they decline in 2005 and 2006.

• The low saucer scallop catch rates between 1996 and 2004 should be addressed.

• That data on changing vessel characteristics should be collected annually.

KEYWORDS: fishing power, effort creep, standardised catch rates, prawns, scallops, otter trawling,

linear models, linear mixed models.

2

2 Acknowledgements

The Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries (DPI&F) funded the project, and we gratefully

acknowledge their support. The work would not have been possible without the efforts of many people.

Special thanks go to:

1. The trawler owners and skippers who provided technical details on their vessels, their fishing

gears and technologies.

2. Dr Anthony Courtney, Mr Clive Turnbull, Ms Cassandra Rose, Ms Joanne Atfield, Mr Bart

Mackenzie, Mr Chris Barber, and Ms Sarah Kistle who contributed significantly to the survey

design, logistics and data collection on vessel fishing gears and technologies.

3. Ms Kate Yeomans and Mr Jeff Bibby for providing the prawn and scallop catch data from the

DPI&F commercial fishery compulsory daily logbook database (CFISH).

4. Dr Jonathan Staunton-Smith for re-initialising the survey contact database.

5. Dr David Peel for the vessel-monitoring-system (VMS) Arcview shape files of trawl catch and

effort.

6. Dr Tony Swain for statistical advice.

A number of vessel photographs and diagrams in this report were obtained from the DPI&F Long Term

Monitoring Program, FRDC projects 1999/120 and 2000/170, the Commonwealth Scientific and

Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) and Mr David Sterling. The DPI&F long term monitoring team

provided data from their annual surveys of tiger prawns and saucer scallops, which provided

independent information on the trawl sectors.

Dr Erica Baer, Ms Dorothea Huber, Dr Malcolm Dunning and Mr Shane Gaddes made constructive

comments on earlier versions of this report. This work was reviewed by Dr Ian Poiner (Australian

Institute of Marine Science), Dr Bill Venables (CSIRO) and Dr Nick Rawlinson (Australian Maritime

College), who all have researched Australia’s Northern Prawn Fishery. The review was established and

funded by the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority (GBRMPA), with the support of DPI&F. A copy

of the review and terms of reference can be obtained from the GBRMPA in Townsville

(www.gbrmpa.gov.au).

We finally thank the DPI&F staff Mr Mike Potter, Mr Tony White, Ms Kelly Deering, Ms Melissa Whitford

and Dr Malcolm Dunning for administrative and financial assistance associated with the project.

3

3 Introduction

3.1 Background and objectives

Harvest landings from the east coast Queensland trawl fishery are in the order of 10 to 13 kilo-tonnes

annually and worth approximately $100–150 million dollars at the wharf. With 504 vessels licensed at

the end of 2004, it is by far the largest prawn trawl fleet in Australia in terms of the number of vessels

(Table 3.1). The fishery is complex in nature targeting several species of prawns (mainly Penaeus spp.,

Meliceratus spp., and Metapenaeus spp.), and mainly one species of scallop (Amusium balloti). It can

be described as having identifiable sectors that are largely based on target species and geographic

regions (Figure 3.1 and Appendix 14.1). In addition to this complexity, vessel characteristics continue to

change through the adoption of new and better vessel technologies and fishing gear. Consequently,

interpretation of the catch and effort statistics, monitoring the status of the fishery and the reviewing the

suitability of management arrangements is more difficult.

Table 3.1 Comparison of licence numbers for prawn and scallop trawl fisheries in Australian jurisdictions.

Fishery Number of licences

Australia’s Northern Prawn Fishery 96 Western Australia 117 Spencer Gulf in South Australia 16 St Vincent’s Gulf in South Australia 10 Torres Strait 88

Queensland 504

QUEENSLAND PRAWNS AND SCALLOPS FISHING POWER AND CATCH RATES 2004

4

Figure 3.1 Spatial distribution of the trawl sectors harvest. The dashed line is the boundary of the Great Barrier Reef world heritage area. The horizontal line at 16˚S distinguishes the northern and southern tiger/endeavour prawn sectors. No high resolution vessel satellite data were available to illustrate the trawl sector in New South Wales; bubble plot of harvest at 1˚ degree of latitude intervals are shown.


5

In recent years the Queensland and Australian governments agreed to address Queensland’s trawl

fishing power increases by reducing fishing effort through the use of surrender provisions on licence and

effort trading (Kerrigan et al. 2004). ‘Fishing power’ is the term used to describe the efficiency of an

average vessel at catching prawns or scallops. Fishing power has varied over time and between trawl

sectors (O’Neill et al 2005). In the lead-up to the revision of the Fisheries (East Coast Trawl)

Management Plan 1999 (the Plan) in 2001, the Premier’s stakeholder working group suggested

decreasing fishing effort by an annual rate of 3%. This rate was based on smaller fishing power

increases than in the adjacent Northern Prawn Fishery (NPF, which extends from Cape Londonderry in

Western Australia to Cape York Queensland); assuming that Queensland’s east coast trawl vessels

were less dynamic than NPF vessels in terms of technology change. The concept of reducing fishing

effort according to potential fishing power increases was implemented to ensure that effective effort was

capped in the fishery and to prevent effective fishing effort from increasing above the Great Barrier Reef

World Heritage Area effort cap. The Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area effort-cap was implemented

in 2001 as 2.264471 million ‘notional effort units’ and was reduced in line with effort creep by 3%

annually in 2002 and 2003 (Kerrigan et al 2004).

In 2003, the effects of improvements in fishing gear and technology on prawn and scallop catches from

the east coast Queensland trawl fishery to 1999 were first published (O'Neill et al. 2003). For the

11-year period from 1989 to 1999, fishing power increased for an average vessel by 3% in the saucer

scallop sector, 6% in the north Queensland tiger prawn sector, 5% in the eastern king prawn deep

sector (in water depths greater than 50 fathoms), and 27% in the eastern king prawn shallow sector (in

water depths less than 50 fathoms). These estimates equated to an annual rate of increase in fishing

power ranging from 0.3% to 2.5% between 1989 and 1999. The rates of increase were largely attributed

to vessels upgrading to larger engines and increases in the number of vessels using global positioning

systems and computer mapping software.

During 2003 and 2004, the Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries (DPI&F) resource

management group reviewed fishing effort in the east coast Queensland trawl fishery (Kerrigan et al.

2004). The review commented, based on the first fishing power estimates between 1989 and 1999

(O’Neill et al. 2003), that a value of 1% annual increase in fishing power be considered in assessing

effort reductions in the Fishery. However, the review stated ‘that this figure should be updated to reflect

recent changes in the fishery and the impact that those changes have had on fishing power’. The recent

changes they referred to was the change in the trawl fleet profile as a result of the trawl vessel buy back,

licence and effort surrenders between 2000 and 2003. The report highlights a shift to a larger average

hull unit (surrogate measure for vessel size representing the under deck volume of the boat) as a result

of relatively more reductions in smaller vessels from the fleet.

This publication arose as management required estimates of changes in fishing power between 1988

and 2004 to:

• Standardise catch rates to assess the annual review events under the Plan.

• Quantify annual fishing power increases after fleet changes due to the introduction of the

revised plan in 2001.

• Review specific penalty provisions as part of the review of the Plan in 2006.

General linear and linear mixed models were used to quantify marked fishing power increases since the

previous estimates in 1999. These models were also used to calculate standardised catch rates,


6

demonstrating that simple interpretation of raw catch rates can be misleading and mask declines or

magnify increases in catch rates as a result of increasing fishing power.

3.2 Fishing power and standardising catches

Catch statistics are used as the basis of stock assessments in many fisheries. Trends in catch over time

may reflect changes in the proportion of the population caught, changes in abundance of the target

species, or both, owing to catch being a function of fishing effort and abundance of the fished population

(Quinn and Deriso 1999). Stock assessments based on raw catch and effort data can produce biased

predictions owing to efficiency changes in types and levels of fishing effort through time and between

fishing operations or sectors. These biases can lead to a situation known as hyperstability, where catch

rates may remain high even if fish stocks are being seriously depleted by increased fishing effort

(Hilborn and Walters 1992) (Figure 3.2). There is, therefore, a need to standardise average catches, for

example by employing a regression model (Hilborn and Walters 1992), to reduce the biases or variation

in the data by accounting for factors affecting relative abundance and fishing efficiency. This results in a

time series of catch and effort data that is more representative of trends in population abundance.

Fishing year

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

050

010

0015

0020

0025

0030

00S

tock

siz

e (t)

Stock size0.

00.

51.

01.

52.

02.

5C

atch

rate

(kg

/ day

)

Catch rate

Figure 3.2 Hypothetical example of hyperstability between population (stock) size and catch rates; as stock size declines catch rates remain steady.

A number of studies have been published on standardisation of catch and effort data (Bishop et al.

2000; Bishop et al. 2004; Hall and Penn 1979; O'Neill et al. 2003b; Robins et al. 1998; Salthaug and

Godø 2001). Generalised linear regression models (GLM) have been used to estimate changes in

relative fishing power and to standardise average catches in the Queensland trawl fishery (O'Neill et al.

2003). They have also been used to quantify the effects of global positioning systems (GPS) on average

catches in Australia’s northern prawn fishery (Robins et al. 1998). Bishop et al. (2000) further developed

the analysis of Robins et al. (1998) by using generalised estimating equations (GEE) to account for

spatial and temporal correlations in the data. Furthermore, methods using linear mixed models (LMM) to


7

analyse catches from Australia’s northern prawn fishery were shown to produce reliable results

compared to GLM and GEE analyses (Bishop et al. 2004). In contrast to the regression approach,

Salthaug and Godø (2001) used a model for standardisation based on the relative fishing power

between pairs of vessels fishing at the same time and place to estimate fishing power relative to a

‘standard’ vessel; see also Hall and Penn (1979). However, this method requires data with high spatial

resolution and assumes that the chosen standard vessel’s fishing power remains constant throughout

the analysed period.

Standardisations of finfish catch and effort data have also been applied in a number of domestic and

international fisheries. In southern Queensland, linear regressions were used to standardise commercial

catch rates of yellowfin bream, dusky flathead, mullet, summer whiting, tailor and stout whiting

(Dichmont et al. 1999; Hoyle et al. 2000; O’Neill 2000). In addition, a two component binary and

truncated negative binomial model was used to analyse recreational catches from three estuaries in

southern Queensland which validated improved measures of fishing effort to estimate total recreational

catches (O’Neill and Faddy 2003a; O’Neill and Faddy 2003b). Internationally, logbook catches from tuna

purse seiners were standardised using a regression model to make annual estimates of abundance

adjusted for fishing mode, speed, capacity, use of aerial assistance, net dimensions and sea surface

temperature (Allen and Punsley 1984).

3.3 The influence of management

The management of Queensland’s east coast trawl fishery has become more complex in recent years.

This section comments on the important changes in management that may have perceived impact on

the statistics produced in this publication. For detailed management arrangements see Kerrigan et al.

(2004) and QECTMP (2001).

Great Barrier Reef representative areas plan (spatial closures)

On 1 July 2004 the ‘Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Zoning Plan 2003’ was implemented (GBRMPA

2003). Since its implementation there is some perception that the spatial closures have had significant

impact on prawn and scallop catch rates as collated through time (i.e. catch rates before and after the

implementation are not comparable). Analysis of the trawl fishing effort displaced from the Great Barrier

Reef Marine Park through these spatial closures was shown to be small at only 5.77% (Peel and Good

2004, report to the Australian Government; see also Hand 2003). The analysis used fine scale vessel

monitoring system (VMS) location data and most of the displaced trawling was found to be on the

banana and tiger/endeavour prawn sectors. Little impact was calculated on fishing effort from the saucer

scallop and eastern king prawn sectors. No comments were made in the report on red-spot king prawns,

but the impact on fishing in this sector was mostly likely included as tiger/endeavour prawn trawling. Any

small bias in prawn and scallop catch rates caused by the spatial closures would be further minimised

through the spatial factors in the statistical analyses.


8

Effort units

For many years, Queensland east coast trawl operators were discouraged from upgrading to more

powerful vessels through a boat replacement policy, which required owners to purchase and surrender

one additional license upon upgrading. This was commonly referred to as the two-for-one boat

replacement policy. While effective at slowing the rate of increase in fishing power, it also had the

detrimental effect of increasing the average age of the fleet (Glaister et al 1993). In 2001 this policy was

replaced with effort units that are based on vessel allocated days and hull size as the principal means of

limiting fishing effort. Effort units are defined as allocated fishing days × standardised hull units. In 2001

the total of individual vessel allocated fishing days was capped at 1996 levels as determined from

submitted logbook returns (= 108346 days) (QECTMP 2001). Each vessel’s standardised hull units were

calculated by the following function: 7617.04052.2 HULLUNITSSHU ×=

where hull units defined the size of the under deck volume of the vessel

(83.2

6.0×××=

depthbeamlengthHULLUNITS ) (QECTMP 2001). Trawlers were limited to a maximum of

seventy hull units unless approval was granted for a larger size. The standardised hull unit equation

defined the relationship between fishing capacity (i.e. catch) and size of the vessel. It was developed by

the CSIRO using catch data provided by the Queensland Fisheries Management Authority from only

Princess Charlotte Bay (Dichmont et al. 2000; Kerrigan et al. 2004).

Penalties applied by the way of forfeiture of effort units are used to limit fishing power increases related

to trading of effort units, licences and vessels. The transfer of effort units requires the licence holder to

surrender ten percent of the effort units being transferred. The transfer of a trawl licence with attached

effort units requires the licence holder to surrender five percent of the effort units transferred except in

the case of a transfer from a deceased estate. In determining the effort unit penalty for vessel

replacement a schedule is used which defines the number of effort units that are required to be

surrendered for each sized boat (QECTMP 2001). Although the analyses focus on standardised catch-

rates and fishing power of an average vessel-day in each fishing year, the results were adjusted

according to effort units to calculate fishing power changes which allow for these penalty schemes

(Appendix 14.3).

Effort reductions and the trawl buy-back scheme

The analyses conducted in this publication were based on average catches taken per vessel day.

Therefore, any reduction in effort as a result of the trawl management plan, government trawl licence

buy-backs and the 5% voluntary surrender of days by industry had no influence on the results.

Compared to 1996, a total reduction of 19.4% (750 262) of allocated effort units or 28.8% (31 249) of

allocated days was achieved by the end of 2003 (Kerrigan et al. 2004). As a result of the Australian

Government’s structural adjustment package for the Great Barrier Reef zoning a further 136 462 trawl

effort units (= 21 licences) were purchased from the fishery in 2005 (personal communication:

Queensland trawl manager June 2005). The analyses conducted here captured any change in fleet

profile that may have occurred up to 2004 as a result of effort reductions.


9

Saucer scallops

The one sector where management changes do complicate the interpretation of catch trends is saucer

scallops. Management of the saucer scallop fishery is through small spatial closures which commenced

in April 1989 following concerns about the sustainability of the fishery (Figure 14.5). These closures

were implemented for only seven months between April and October 1989 and are assumed to have

negligible effect on the analyses as they were removed after ‘industry had shown unwillingness to

comply with these closures’ (Queensland-Fish-Management-Authority 1989). As a result of declines in

catch rates in 1996-1997, the closures were re-introduced in February 1997. The closures were

generally referred to as ‘scallop replenishment areas’ and were fixed in place until 2001, when

management, as a result of industry pressure, began a rotational strategy of opening and closing the

areas to trawling (Figure 3.3). The minimum legal sizes of scallops have also varied historically. The

minimum legal size was set at 80 mm in 1981. This changed to 85 mm in 1985. From 1988 to December

1999 minimum legal sizes were set at 90 mm from November to April and 95 mm for May to October

inclusive. In January 2001 sizes changed to 90 mm from January to April, and 95 mm for May to

December, inclusive. In November 2004 sizes changed to 90 mm from November 2004 to April 2005

and 95 mm for May 2005 to October 2005. The influence of changes in legal size limits on average

catch rates is included in the fishing year and monthly trends from the analyses.

89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 030

5

10

15

20

25

Clos

ure

Month/Year

Rotational Closures

HBD

HBC

HBB

HBA

BHD

BHC

BHB

BHA

YB

YA

Figure 3.3 Application of fixed spatial closures in the scallop fishery commenced in 1997 and changed to a rotational closure strategy in 2001. The raised lines represent closure periods up to 2003. The closure definitions are Yeppoon (YA and YB), Bustard Head (BHA, BHB, BHC, and BHD), and Hervey Bay (HBA, HBB, HBC, and HBD). Since 2004 the closures BHA and BHB, BHC and BHD, HBA and HBB, and BHC and BHD were merged and rotations changed (Figure 14.5).

10

4 Methods

4.1 Processing the catch and effort data

Three data sources were available to compile the time-series of prawn and scallop catch rates. The first

data source was the Queensland compulsory daily logbook records from January 1988 to April 2004

when logbook data entry was complete. These data were collected as part of the logbook program

(CFISH) and provided prawn and scallop total harvest, fishing effort and catch rates. The second data

source was the Queensland voluntary daily logbook records collected prior to 1988. As this data only

represented a portion of the fleet in each year, it only provided data on prawn and scallop catch rates.

The third data source was the New South Wales eastern king prawn monthly catch rates from the July

1984 to December 2004. All of these data sets were analysed to calculate average standardised catch

rates. As well, the first data set was analysed to quantify annual increases in average fishing power of

the fleet’s operations in each of Queensland’s trawl sectors. The following describes the processing

rules applied to the data sets:

4.1.1 CFISH trawl data

The data were based on logbook catch and effort records from each trawl sector over 17 years from

1988 to 2004; the logbooks were compulsory from 1989. The data consisted of the daily catch of each

individual vessel. The spatial resolution of catches recorded from the Queensland east coast was based

on 30 minute x 30 minute latitudinal and longitudinal grids. All data were recorded by vessel identifying

codes, which related to the vessel hull. The prawn and scallop data was first supplied from the sql script

titled ‘dump 9a’. The prawn data in its raw form consisted of a mixture of shot-by-shot, daily and bulk (>1

day) records. The scallop data consisted of a mixture of daily and bulk records. The procedures applied

to the data are detailed in Table 4.1 and Table 4.2. These are consistent with the Standing Committee

for Fisheries and Aquaculture (SCFA) business rules. In addition to the information provided in Table 4.1

and Table 4.2, the follow procedures were used:

• When joining to the CFISH boat table (cfishdba_boat) to retrieve boat-mark symbols or boat

names, the operation date of a vessels catch was checked to ensure it was between the

effective-date and termination-date of the licensed operation. In the boat table a number of

vessels had been transferred to another licence.

• Eastern king prawn catches were extracted south of –22 degrees latitude inclusive, plus east of

152.5 degrees east longitude inclusive between –21 and –22 degrees to include the Swain

Reefs catches.

• All prawn catches from Moreton Bay (logbook grids ‘w37’ and ‘w38’) were excluded. This was

due to the multi-species nature of prawn trawling in Moreton Bay and the non-specific

recording of prawn catches. Also, eastern king prawns in Moreton Bay are usually all pre-

recruits to the offshore fishery (i.e. mostly less than 25 mm carapace length). The analysis here

only related to eastern king prawns first recruiting to the offshore fishery (i.e. prawns greater

than about 26 mm carapace length); this was consistent with the eastern-king prawn stock

assessment (O’Neill et al. 2005).


11

• The fishing-year for eastern king prawns was defined as starting in November and ending in

October, to match the cycle of fishing and recruitment to the fishery (Courtney et al. 1995).

• The fishing-year for saucer scallops was defined from November through to October based on

information about the life cycle, size at recruitment and the seasonal variation in fishing effort.

• The fishing year for tiger, endeavour, and red-spot king prawns was defined as a calendar

year. This convenient definition was suitable to encompass the life cycle, size at recruitment

and the seasonal variation in fishing effort for these species groups.


12

Table 4.1 Data procedures used to define the different prawn harvests.

Data Details Notes

CFISH data extraction Data provided 6/9/2004; SQL script held by Assessment and Monitoring, Fisheries Policy and Sustainability, Fisheries; Primary Industries Building, Brisbane.

SQL code : ‘dump9a’;

Includes the following species codes: 701000, 701303, 701304, 701305, 701340, 701399, 701901, 701902, 701903, 701904, 701907, 701910, 701916, 701917, 701927

Time period 1.1.1988 to 30.4.2004

Data sets Separate data tables were created for the four species groups. Tiger, endeavour, red-spot king and eastern king prawns.

Daily records Only daily records were analysed and were identified by the same operation date and end date of fishing.

Non-daily (bulk) records were included only in the total harvest and effort summaries.

Data were grouped by vessel_id and operation date to make daily (harvests >0 for each species group).

Effort = (end date – operation date) +1; (bulk data is effort > 1)

Fishing year Calendar year for tiger, endeavour and red-spot king prawns.

The year starting in November and finishing in October for eastern king prawns

General stock or fishing area Tiger, endeavour and red-spot-king prawns: all east coast latitudes north of 21°S, plus between 21°S and 22°S and west of 152.5°E.

Eastern king prawns: all east-coast latitudes south of 22°S inclusive, plus between 21°S and 22°S and east of 152.5°E inclusive.

Figure 3.1 and Appendix 14.1.

Specific stock or fishing areas analysed

Tiger and endeavour prawns north: c5, c6, c7, c8, d8, d9, d10, d11, e11, f11, g12, g13, g14.

Tiger and endeavour prawns south: g15, h15, h16, h17, i17, i18, i19, i20, j20, j21, k21, l21, l22, m22, m23, n23, n24, o24, o25, p25

Red spot king prawn north: c4, d4, b5, c5, d5, c6

Red spot king prawn south: i18, i19, j19, j20, k20, k21, l21, l22, m21, m22, n22, o22, p22, p23, q23, q24, r24, r25.

Eastern king prawns deep: u28, u29, v28, v30, v31, w26, w27, w28, x35, x36

Eastern king prawns shallow: w33, w34, w35, w36

North: latitudes north 16°S.

South: latitudes south of 16°S inclusive.

For tiger, endeavour and red-spot king prawns the 30 x 30 minute logbook grids represent 95% of the total harvest from the specific fishing areas north or south.

Shallow: water depths ≤ 50 fathoms.

Deep: water depths > 50 fathoms.

For eastern king prawns the grids were identified deep or shallow based on depth contours and vms maps of fishing effort. The grids represent about 70% of the total harvest.

Grid allocated from formula — not QFISH grid table (through dump 9a).

Data with no location excluded (through dump 9a). This represented less than 0.5% of data. This data restriction is to be removed from dump 9A SQL code.

Logbook grids specifically excluded

Eastern king prawns: Moreton Bay grids w37 and w38 were excluded. Only harvests relating to offshore fishing and fully recruited eastern king prawns were considered.

Months excluded Tiger and endeavour prawns north: January and February all years, March in 1990 and 1991.

Tiger prawns and red-spot king prawns south: January and February in 1988 and from 2000 to 2004.

Eastern king prawns: October in the calendar years from 2000 to 2003.

Management: major northern seasonal closure or paucity of data.

Management: major northern seasonal closure or paucity of data.

Management: major southern closure

Related catches Eastern king prawns: daily scallop harvests were matched against daily eastern king prawns harvests.

Tiger, endeavour and red-spot king prawns: related daily harvests of these three prawns species, plus banana prawns.

Used in the analysis to correct for target fishing. ‘Related’ defines each vessel and day of fishing.

Fishing method codes 7 and 17 Identifies otter-trawling

Species codes Tiger prawns: 701902

Endeavour prawns: 701903

Red-spot king prawns: 701303, 701904, 701399

Eastern king prawns: 701000, 701303, 701304, 701305, 701399, 701904, 701910.

New CFISH species codes were implemented in 2005 (Table 4.4).

File name and location sustainable fisheries\stock assessment\trawl2004\data\trawlglmdata092004.mdb


13

Table 4.2 Data procedures used to define saucer scallop harvest.

Data Details Notes

CFISH data extraction Data provided 6.9.2004; SQL script held by Assessment and Monitoring, Fisheries Policy and Sustainability, Fisheries; Primary Industries Building, Brisbane.

SQL code: ‘dump9a’.

Time period 1.1.1988 to 30.4.2004

Daily records Only daily records were analysed and they were identified by the same operation date and end date of fishing.

Non-daily (bulk) records were only included in total harvest and effort summaries.

Data were grouped by vessel_id and operation date to make daily (harvests >0).

Effort = (end date – operation date) +1; (bulk data is effort >1)

Harvest conversions Pre 1997: If operation date <1.1.97, then add fields catc_nos + catch_wt to give baskets; any values >150 were assumed to be meat weight (kg).

Post 1996: If operation date ≥1.1.97 catch_nos = baskets and catch_wt = meat wt.

Baskets were converted to kilograms-meat-weight using the monthly conversions (Table 4.3)

Fishing year Defined as starting in November and finishing in October (same as eastern king prawns).

Stock or fishing area Single area: this covers the main fishing area and includes all east-coast latitudes south of 22°S inclusive.

Areas north of 22°S were treated separately.

Scallops north of 22°S were not analysed as their data should be treated separately (e.g. Hydrographers Passage).

Logbook grids analysed v32, t30, s28, s29, u31, t29, t28, u32, s30, v31, t31, u30, w34, w32, w33, w35

These 30x30 minute logbook grids represent 95% of the total harvest.

Grid allocated from formula through dump 9a (not QFISH grid table).

Data with no location were excluded (again through dump 9a). This represented less than 0.5% of data. This data restriction is to be removed from dump 9A SQL code.

Months excluded October in the calendar years from 2000 to 2003. Management: major southern seasonal trawl closure

Related prawn harvests For each vessel and day of fishing, the combined daily prawn harvest was matched against the daily scallop harvest.

Used in the analysis to correct for target fishing

Fishing method codes 7 and 17 Identifies otter-trawling

Saucer scallop species codes 900200 and 900204 See Table 4.4. New CFISH species codes implemented in 2005



14

Table 4.3 Saucer scallop conversion table: basket-to-kilograms-meat. The average meat weight returned from one basket is heaviest between December and March.

Month Conversion (one basket to kg) January 7 February 7.5

March 7 April 6.5 May 6 June 5 July 5

August 5 September 5.5

October 6 November 6.5 December 7

Table 4.4 Species code list; *used at the time data were extracted from CFISH.

Species code* Common name Scientific name New species code

701000 Prawn — unspecified Penaeidae — undifferentiated 28711000

701303 Prawn — red spot king Melicertus longistylus 28711048

701304 Prawn — eastern king Melicertus plebejus 28711052

701305 Prawn — blue leg king Melicertus latisulcatus 28711047

701340 Prawn — greasy Metapenaeus bennettae 28711022

701399 Prawn — red spot and

blue leg king 28711908

701901 Prawn — banana Fenneropenaeus merguiensis 28711050

701902 Prawn — tiger Penaeus esculentus 28711044

701903 Prawn — endeavour Metapenaeus endeavouri and

Metapenaeus ensis 28711902

701904 Prawn — king unspecified 28711910

701907 Prawn — mixed 99280005

701910 Prawn — western king Melicertus latisulcatus 28711047

701916 Prawn — school Metapenaeus macleayi 28711029

701917 Prawn — king+tiger 99280004

701927 Prawn — bay 99280003

900200 Scallop — unspecified Pectinidae — undifferentiated 23270000

900204 Scallop — saucer Amusium balloti 23270001

4.1.2 Queensland historical trawl data

This data represented voluntary logbook catch data collected between 1968 and 1987 prior to the

implementation of the compulsory CFISH logbook system in 1988. The data were of varying quality and

quantity. To extract the data in a compatible form for comparison with data obtained from the QFISH

system, considerable cleaning and transformation was completed by Mr Norm Good for O’Neill et al

(2005). The following description reported here was summarised from the section 8.3.7 (O’Neill et al

2005).

Sources

Historical trawl data consisted of all the scallop and prawn records obtained from approximately

16 sources (Table 4.5). The data resided in the HTRAWL database within the QFISH system. Of these


15

records only a subset were finally used. Each year this subset typically covered between 10–26% of the

licensed otter trawl symbols between 1969 and 1987 (Figure 4.1).

Table 4.5 Historical trawl data sources and description.

Source Description Years # Records Source Description Years # RecordsAFS Australian Fisheries Service

(now AFMA) logs 1980–1989 85600 DI02 Diary data entry (DE) (Log_desc)

1968–1969; 1974–1987 36200

BH Burnett Heads Research Station Voluntary Logbook Program

1977–1984; 1986–1987 25800

DI03 Historic DE- CSIRO grids 1979–1985 31700

BH85 As above 1985 3400 DPI DPI research log 1985–1987 14600 CF88 CFISH pre-1988 1986–1987 9900 ECP CSIRO research log 1970–1979 20400 CS1B CSIRO (B)ay 1969–1974 26400 NSW NSW voluntary logs 1978 –1980 11700 CS1N CSIRO (N)orth, King and

tiger prawn 1974–1980 30500 UL01 Historic DE- CSIRO grids 1981–1983; 1987 340

CS1O CSIRO (O)cean, King prawn

1969–1974 17500

UL02 Historic DE- SUNFISH grids 1972; 1976– 1977;

1979; 1981–1986

2100

DI01 Diary data entry (DE) 1972–1990 32400 UL03 Uncollected logs—CSIRO grids 1969 80

1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 19870

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1400

1500

Year

Num

ber

of o

tter

traw

l fis

hery

sym

bols

Total number of licencesNumber of licences with logbooks

Figure 4.1 The solid line illustrates the change in the number of Queensland east coast licensed vessels from 1968 to 1987 (Kerrigan et al 2004). The dotted line illustrates the number of licences with logbook data analysed in section 1.

Data transformation

Initial inspection of the data revealed several anomalies regarding recording methods of fishermen,

logbook design and implementation, data entry protocols and database management. Methods for

converting the data into a form suitable for comparison with QFISH data are detailed in the following

sections.


16

No logbook collection programs overlapped in time, although there were periods when a collection

program ceased and a similar program started (e.g. BH (1997–1984), BH85 (1985), BH (1986–1987))

(Table 4.5).

QFISH grid conversion

Location details in HTRAWL usually consisted of grid numbers reported in the ‘start grid’ field. The

spatial resolution of the grid numbers reported in BH, BH85, UL01 and DPI data sources covered a

larger area than the QFISH grids (60′ x 60′ minute). For example, historical grid number 235 includes

QFISH grids U28 (eastern king prawns — deep waters), U29 (eastern king prawns — deep waters) and

U30 (scallop and eastern king prawns — deep waters). To convert catches in these grids to QFISH

grids the following guide was used.

Catches from historic location grids were compared to catches within QFISH that overlapped historic

grids. Comparisons were made in similar time intervals. The QFISH grid that contained the majority of

records was substituted as the locater for the historic record. For example, the grid 225 contains QFISH

grids S23 to S26 and T23 to T26. A table was run with start grid as a row variable and species as a

column variable. For grid 225 it was found that the majority of the scallop catch was in QFISH grid S26.

Grid numbers for the ECP data source were defined using a CSIRO grid system, which was based on a

four digit number covering a 6 x 6 minute grid. The first two digits represented six minutes of longitude

starting with 00 at 150°E for the Queensland fishery, and the last two represented six minutes of latitude

starting with 00 at 10°S. With this grid number system the grid numbers for latitude repeated at 20°S.

A MS Access query was written which matched the first two digits to a QFISH grid letter, and the last

two digits to a QFISH grid number. Also included in the query was a decision rule to distinguish between

‘northern’ and ‘southern’ CSIRO grid numbers representing latitude.

Where no information regarding grids was available, reported latitudes and longitudes were matched to

QFISH grids. Records with no location details were excluded.

Fishing time

Fishing durations reported from DPI and CS1O data sources were converted from minutes to hours. If

fishing duration was not reported the difference between start and end time was used. Only records with

fishing time recorded were included (Table 4.6).

All catches were converted from shot by shot to daily catches. To ensure consistency in saucer scallop

catch rates that relate to night time fishing, if the running total of hours trawled exceeded 14 for any one-

day, the total daily catch per boat day was multiplied by 14 and divided by the total hours trawled. This

was done because saucer scallop catches recorded in QFISH were only from night-time trawls. The

number of hours trawled per day for eastern king prawns and saucer scallops were not present in their

respective cleaned data sets.


17

Table 4.6 Number of observations with fishing times recorded.

Trawl sector Total number Number with complete hours

Percent included

Northern tiger prawn 21 941 17 509 80

Northern endeavour prawn 20 717 16 454 79

Southern tiger prawn 14 371 11 578 81

Red spot king prawn 114 102 90

Scallops

The CF88 scallop data source contained an unusual error, where the value for the end of a log week

was replaced with the sum total for the week. This data was cleaned manually by referring to every

original log sheet in the archive.

All BH and DPI scallop data were reported in the database as kilograms. To convert kilograms to

baskets a conversion table was used (O’Neill et al. 2005). The basket to kilogram ratio changed within

and between years. By manually going through original logbooks that reported catches in baskets, the

conversion factor used by previous data entry operators was calculated and applied to the data. Some

errors were subsequently corrected by the following:

1. Some of the trip data had actual total kilo catch, and this was used to convert baskets to kilos for

each shot/day instead of applying the normal conversion factor.

2. Some conversion factors were applied to the wrong months and even changed within a month for

the same boat in the database; this was corrected.

3. Where conversion factors were missing (i.e. no scallop data found for month/year combination) the

factors for the closest years were applied.

Prawns

The following criteria were used to create the final historic prawn tables:

1. Any records where fishing started between 0700 and 1600 were removed. This was to ensure

that only night-time catches were used. The extra leeway in start and end time was given as

many trawls began slightly before dusk and ended slightly after dawn. It should also be noted

that the average daylight duration in winter is shorter than during summer.

2. The daily catch data was based on the sum total of catch for any given boat day. The

cumulative hours trawled for one boat day was also reported and included. Note that daily

catch was independent of hours trawled for that day.


18

4.1.3 New South Wales eastern king prawn data

New South Wales (NSW) eastern king prawn harvests were analysed over 22 fishing years from July

1984 to December 2004. All eastern king prawn data from ocean and estuarine waters (un-summarised

in raw form) was supplied by the NSW catch records manager. Each data record represented a ‘monthly

catch return’ for each endorsement holder (FL number) and vessel (LFB number). If an endorsement

holder managed more than one vessel, then separate monthly catch returns were reported for each

vessel. This data was summarised to report on total harvest and effort statistics. The data criteria

applied for the catch rate analysis is detailed in Table 4.7 and Appendix 14.5. The data analysed

spatially covered ocean otter trawling in the northern New South Wales fishing zones 1 to 6. The catch

rate data represented 70% of all (ocean + estuarine) reported eastern king prawn harvests or 92% of all

reported ocean eastern king prawn harvests between 1984 and 2004.

Table 4.7 Data procedures for New South Wales eastern king prawns.

Data Details Notes

Raw data extraction Data provided 22 February 2005; SQL script held by Fisheries, Department of Primary Industries, New South Wales.

Contact: Manager Commercial Catch Records.

Time period 1.7.1984 to 31.12.2004

Monthly records Only monthly records were analysed.

Data were grouped by endorsement holder (FL), vessel (LFB) and operation month to ensure monthly records (harvests and effort >0).

Effort = maximum(reported number of days fished by each FL and LFB combination in each month)

Data with no vessel identifier (LFB = 999999) excluded

Fishing year The year starting in November and finishing in October for eastern king prawns

Areas analysed NSW ocean prawn-trawl zone codes: 1001, 1002, 1003, 1004, 1005, 1012, 1013, and 1056.

1001 = 28 Deg. 9 Min. –29 Deg. Latitude (Zone 1)

1002 = 29 Deg. –30 Deg. Latitude (Zone 2)




1012 = Ocean Zones 1 and 2 Mixed

1013 = Ocean Zones 1 to 3 Mixed



The NSW zone allocations were based on the vessel’s first reported port for the month’s harvest.

Data with no location excluded from catch rate analysis.

Only harvests relating to offshore fishing were analysed.

Related catches No data were provided to match other species harvests against eastern king prawns harvests.

.

Fishing method codes* 11 only used in standardisation analysis. Identifies ocean otter-trawling. *Harvest summaries were based on fishing methods 11 and 99 (unspecified).

Species codes Eastern king prawns: 701915


4.2 Trawl vessel gear and technology survey

Information on which fishers adopted new devices and technologies, and when they were adopted, was

obtained from two purposely-designed surveys of past and present Queensland east-coast trawl vessel

owner/operators in 2000 and 2004. The vessel owner/operators selected represented a random set of


19

vessels from each trawl sector that had fished between 1997 and 2004 inclusively. Details on the survey

coverage and sample sizes are in section 6.1. A copy of the survey questionnaire is provided in

appendix 14.8 and O’Neill et al (2005).

The questionnaire was designed by the Fisheries Research and Development Corporation (FRDC)

project 1999/120 (O’Neill et al 2005). The design and variables (specific vessel data) recorded were

finalised by FRDC 1999/120 project staff, the project’s steering committee (consisting of representatives

from industry, CSIRO and DPI&F trawl management), Queensland Government statisticians and pilot

trials with trawler owners and/or operators (interviewees).

Throughout the survey interviewees were contacted personally by phone and face-to-face meetings

arranged. A Microsoft Access database was maintained to log all contact with interviewees. For the

face-to-face meetings interviewees were asked to provide records of vessel characteristics. Changes in

the following characteristics and the date of each change were recorded for each vessel:

• Skippers (owner operated, relative of owner, or non-relative)

• Vessel length, engine power (HP), gear box ratio (reduction), average trawl speed (knots), fuel

capacity (litres), fuel consumption per night (litres), propeller size and pitch (inches), and the

presence or absence of a propeller nozzle.

• Navigation equipment: presence or absence of global positioning systems (GPS) and plotters,

computer mapping software, sonar and colour sounder.

• The use, position, type and size of try-gear; try-gear is a small (1–3 fathom) net used for

frequent 10–20 minute sampling of trawl grounds.

• The type and use of bycatch reduction devices (BRD) and turtle exclusion devices (TED).

• Trawl net configurations:

o Number of nets (single, double, triple, quad or five nets)

o Total net head rope length (fathoms) combined for all nets

o Net mesh size (mm)

o Type of ground chain (fixed drop chain, drop chain with sliding rings, drop rope and

chain combined, looped chain or other less common configurations) and chain size

(mm)

o Type of otter board (Bison, Flat, Kilfoil, Louvre or other less common types) and size

(total board area = board length x width).

All survey information was entered into a Microsoft Access database (located:

Stock Assessment\trawl2004\data\GearDataCombined.mdb).

4.3 Statistical analyses

4.3.1 QFISH trawl data

The analyses were based on daily logbook prawn (tiger, endeavour, red-spot king, or eastern king

prawn separated) or saucer scallop harvest by each individual vessel from 1988 to 2004. The spatial

resolution of catches recorded was 30 x 30 minute grids. No data exclusion rules based on catch size

were applied. The application or non-application of the data exclusion rules have been shown to have

no influence on the inferences (O'Neill et al. 2005; O'Neill et al. 2003a). Chapter 4.1 details the data


20

processing procedures. The southern endeavour prawn sector was not analysed as the catches were

generally much smaller and taken more as mix when catching prawns compared to the northern sector.

The trawl vessel gear and technology data and the daily logbook data were coupled together through

MS Access. The SQL code for this process is attached in appendix 14.4. This process first involved

allocating the unique record-numbers (identifying individual vessel hulls and owners in the vessel/gear

database) against the catch data for each species group. Matching the vessel identifying codes from

QFISH and the start and end dates of the licensed operations completed this. If a licence (a vessel and

owner combination) was still active (i.e. the end date was null), then the date of the vessel/gear

interview was used as the end or terminated date (as the gear used for fishing after the interview was

unknown). Next all the vessel gear fields were created in the catch tables for each species group. Using

record-number as the primary linking field, and ensuring the fishing operation dates were between start

and end dates of the licence and the gear used, the sql queries were run to match the gear and catch

data. The data used in the statistical analyses were only daily, only included catches prior to May 2004,

only nonzero catches for the species group analysed, only for fishing areas or depth sectors identified

for analyses, and only where the gear data was known; section 6.1 details the data coverage. This data

was used to calculate fishing powers and standardised catch rates for each trawl sector.

The analysis used two statistical methods: 1) a generalised linear model (GLM) assuming normally

distributed errors on the log scale (McCullagh and Nelder, 1989) and 2) a linear mixed model using the

method of residual maximum likelihood (REML) assuming normally distributed errors on the log scale

(GENSTAT 2003; Montgomery 1997). The response variable was based on individual vessel daily

catches by species for a spatial area. This publication comments on changes in fishing power affecting

the catch. However, because fishing effort was implied in the analyses as an explanatory variable (daily

= 1), the findings were pertinent to both catch and catch rates.

Since catches of adult eastern king prawns are known to vary markedly with lunar phase

(Courtney et al., 1996), it was suspected that catches of other prawns and saucer scallops might also

vary with lunar phase. Lunar phase was therefore considered in all analyses ( 3β ). Variation in catch

rates was tested against a calculated luminance measure (ranging between 0 = New Moon and

1 = Full moon; Courtney et al 2002). This luminance measure followed a sinusoidal pattern, and was

replicated and advanced by 7 days (~¼ lunar period) in order to approximate the cosine of the

luminance (Figure 4.2). Together these patterns were periodic and model a cyclic variation in catch

rates corresponding to new moon, waxing moon, full moon and waning moon phases. The approach

used only two degrees of freedom in the analysis compared to the four levels used for lunar quarters as

defined by O’Neill et al (2005) and Courtney et al (2002).


21

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 800

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

Days

Lum

inan

ce

Lunar CycleAdvanced 7 days

Figure 4.2 The lunar phase cycle (solid line) illustrated over 85 days. The dashed line illustrates the lunar cycle advanced by seven days. Together these lines were used to model prawn catches allowing for new moon, waxing moon, full moon and waning moon effects.

The models considered fishing year, month, spatial logbook 30 x 30 minute grids, lunar cycles,

corresponding catches of other prawn species or saucer scallops and the vessel’s gear characteristics

as explanatory variables. Catches were predicted according to the catch-biomass relationship defined

by Hilborn and Walters (1992)

ivaymlivaymliaymlivayml qEBC = (1)

where Civayml was the catch taken on day i by the vth vessel in grid a, during fishing year y, month m and

lunar cycle l. Biayml was the biomass or abundance term for the prawn species or saucer scallops, Eivayml

was the day fished = 1 (no consistent records on the number of hours fished by each vessel on each

day were available; therefore analysis units = catch per vessel day), and qivayml was the measure

of prawn catchability. The logarithm of the relationship (Equation 1) reduced to an additive form

(Equation 2), rather than the original multiplicative form, and was defined in a GLM as

( ) εβ +++++= ∑∑∑∑ 443310log XβXβXβXβ 221ivaymle C (2)

where β0 was a scaler intercept parameter to be estimated, 1β , 2β , 3β and 4β were vector parameters

to be estimated for abundance, catchability (fishing power), lunar phase and corresponding catches of

other prawn species or saucer scallops respectively, 1X , 2X , 3X and 4X were the corresponding

data, ε was the error term (NID(0,σ2)) and ∑ were summation symbols. The constant daily effort

cancelled out to zero on the log scale (see comment and assumption above). The biomass vetctor, 1β ,

was expressed by the two-way interaction effects of different abundance terms including fishing grids,

fishing years and months. The catchability of prawns, 2β , was represented by the vector of capture

system variables including different vessel characteristics, navigation equipment, bycatch reduction

devices and trawl net configurations. This component of the model was the exclusive focus of

interpretation to calculate annual changes in fishing power. The parameters 3β represented lunar cycles

for luminance and luminance advanced seven days (Figure 4.2). The result from the abundance vector

( 1β ), specifically the interaction between year and month terms, was used to calculate standardised

catch rates.


22

The linear mixed model (REML analysis) used a similar structure to the GLM, but allowed for defining

fixed and random model terms. Fixed terms were used to describe the treatment effects that were of

interest. For example, the presence or absence of a global positioning system (GPS) onboard a vessel

was treated as a fixed term to estimate whether catches improved when fishing with the device.

Random terms were those factors that could be treated to represent a random selection from the overall

population. For example, an individual vessel from the entire trawl fleet was a possible random selection

from the total number of vessels. Like generalised linear models, mixed models can be used to analyse

unbalanced data. But unlike generalised linear models, they can also measure more than one source of

variation in the data thus providing an estimate of the variance components associated with the random

terms in the model. The advantage of mixed models is that the significance of the fixed terms can be

assessed considering more than one source of error. This improves the accuracy of the significance

tests. This analysis allowed for changes between actual vessels which were not modelled in the GLM.

Definition of the model was as follows:

( ) ε++= ∑ γZαXivaymle Clog

where α was a vector of fixed terms including β0, 1β , 2β , 3β and 4β as in the GLM with data X ( 1X ,

2X , 3X and 4X ); γ was a random term for vessel Z ; ε was the normal error term. Z indicated which

daily catches belonged to each vessel (record-number).

The statistical software package Genstat 7 (2003) was used to carry out the analysis and provide

asymptotic standard errors for all estimates. Stepwise regression was used to select optimal parameters

in the GLM (p<0.05). Model selection was compared using Akaike’s Information Criteria (AIC) and

deviance statistics. Any influential parameter correlations were assessed and removed if necessary. The

importance of individual terms in the mixed model was assessed formally using Wald statistics. The

Wald statistics were calculated by dropping the individual fixed terms from the full fixed model. This

statistic has an asymptotic chi-squared distribution with the degrees of freedom equal to those of the

fixed model term (GENSTAT 2003). The analysis of residuals from each model, the substantial amount

of data analysed, and the importance of having multiplicative errors supported the use of the normal

residual distribution on the log scale. When analysing data sets of this magnitude the central limit

theorem effects should hold true. That is, the sum of n independent and identically distributed random

variables (in this case individual log transformed daily catches) is approximately normally distributed.

Genstat code for the GLM and REML analyses are in appendix 14.6. Note for the eastern king prawn

analysis that spatial weightings of 55% for deep waters (>50fm) and 45% for shallow waters (≤50fm)

were applied. These area weightings were calculated from the shallow and deep water classifications in

O’Neill et al (2005). This was to correct for the imbalance of shallow (29%) and deep water (71%) grids

analysed. The grids analysed were based on the criteria that it was certain whether shallow or deep

water fishing gear was used. In addition, eastern king prawn net sizes were modelled by their loge-

residuals to adjust for management bias allowing larger nets in deep waters.

Estimating relative fishing power

Relative fishing power was calculated as a proportional change in average catch rates from fishing-year

to fishing-year under standard conditions. To calculate this, the expected catches on each day fished by

each vessel were first predicted as kilograms for prawns or baskets for saucer scallops (back


23

transformed exponentials) as defined by the linear predictors (on the logarithm scale) from both the

GLM and REML analyses.

In the GLM the expected catches were calculated by:

( )∑∑∑∑ ++++= 443310exp XβXβXβXβ 221βc ,

where c was the calculated expected catch under standard conditions for each vessel and day fished,

β0, 1Xβ1 , 33Xβ and 44 Xβ were fixed constant in the prediction to separate changes in abundance from

fishing power, 2X was the data of continuous and categorical covariates for the different gears and

technologies on each vessel on each day, 2β was the vector of catchability coefficients (vessel gear

and technology parameters), exp was the exponential function and ∑ were summation symbols.

In REML the expected catches were calculated from the combined continuous and categorical

covariates for the different vessel characteristics (fixed terms) and the random vessel terms:

( )γZαX += ∑expc ,

where within α, β2 was the vector of catchability coefficients, γ was a vector of random vessel terms with

design matrix Z and exp was the exponential function. Again, β0, 1Xβ1 , 33Xβ and 44 Xβ within α were

constant in the prediction to separate changes in abundance from fishing power.

The expected catches c related to effort on a per vessel day. For fishing power estimates relating to

effort units only, c was divided by the vessel’s standardised hull units (SHU). The arithmetic means c

of all the catch predictions c in each fishing year were used to calculate annual changes in relative

fishing power:

1989ccfy =

where fy was the vector of proportional change in average catch rates relative to 1989, c was the vector

of annual average catch rates under standard conditions, and to be consistent with (O'Neill et al. 2003a)

the average expected catch rate in 1989 1989c was used as the reference fishing year.

Confidence intervals on fishing power estimates from each trawl sector were generated by a Monte

Carlo routine of running the model predictions for 1000 variations in the parameter estimates. The

variations in GLM and REML fixed parameters were calculated using the parameter estimates and their

covariance matrix to construct a multivariate normal distribution of values. Variations in the random

vessel effects from REML were calculated from normal distributions based on the mean and standard

deviation of vessels fishing in each fishing year, month and grid stratum. Calculated 2.5% and 97.5%

percentiles on the fishing power distributions represented 95% confidence intervals. As the reference

fishing-power year was 1989 the confidence intervals will increase in size away from this fishing year.

For more information on the Monte Carlo routine read O’Neill et al (2005).


24

4.3.2 New South Wales eastern king prawn data

New South Wales (NSW) eastern king prawn catches were analysed using a linear mixed model

(REML) in the same way as Queensland’s prawn and scallop sectors. The response variable was based

on individual vessel monthly eastern king prawn harvest. No data on NSW vessel gears and

technologies were available and catches were standardised using the unique vessel identifier codes

(LFB; defined in section 4.1.3). The components used to analyse the NSW catches were as follows:

• Weight — eastern king prawn catch (kgs) per vessel per month (loge transformed).

• Fishing effort — number of operation days per vessel per month (loge transformed).

• Fishing_year — fixed levels coded from 1984 to 2005.

• Month — fixed levels coded November through to October.

• Area — fixed levels for the different logbook zones.

• Fishing power — random vessel with vessel and fishing-year interaction.

Interaction effects between the fishing-year and month terms were used for predicting monthly catch

rates standardised for the different fishing vessels, areas, and number of days fished. The random

vessel with vessel and fishing-year interaction aimed to capture fishing power change due to changing

fleet profile and to physical modifications or skipper changes (Bishop et al. 2004).


asymptotic standard errors for all estimates. The importance of individual terms in the mixed model was

assessed formally using Wald statistics. The analysis of residuals, the substantial amount of data

analysed, and the importance of having multiplicative errors supported the use of the normal residual

distribution on the log scale. Genstat code for the REML analyses is in appendix 14.5.

4.3.3 Queensland historical trawl data

Historical (pre 1988) prawn and saucer scallop catches from Queensland waters were analysed using a

linear mixed model (REML). No data on vessel gears and technologies were available and catches were

standardised using the unique vessel identifier codes. The components used in the analysis included:

• Prawn catch (kgs) or saucer scallop catch (baskets) per vessel per day (loge transformed).

• Daily fishing effort — number of hours fished per vessel-day for tiger or endeavour prawns (loge

transformed); no data on daily fishing times for eastern king prawns and saucer scallops were

available.

• Fishing year — fixed factor level coded from 1968 to 1987 using the same definitions as in Table

4.1 and Table 4.2; the starting year of data varied with trawl sector.

• Month — fixed factor level coded using the same definitions as in Table 4.1 and Table 4.2.

• Area — fixed factor level for the same logbook grids as in Table 4.1 and Table 4.2.

• Fishing power was quantified through random vessel with vessel and fishing-year interaction

(Bishop et al. 2004).


25


asymptotic standard errors for all estimates. The importance of individual terms in the mixed model was

assessed formally using Wald statistics. Interactions between the fishing-year and month fixed terms

were used for predicting monthly catch rates standardised for the different fishing vessel, areas, and

number of days fished. Genstat code for the REML analyses is in appendix 14.7.

26

5 Harvest and effort summaries The Queensland annual harvest statistics summarised here relate to the completed fishing years from

1988 to 2003. For New South Wales the eastern king prawn harvest summary covered the fishing years

from 1985 to 2004. The fishing year for tiger, endeavour and red spot king prawns was from January to

December (i.e. calendar year). The fishing year for eastern king prawns and saucer scallops was from

November to October. The statistics for tiger, endeavour and red spot king prawns were separated into

northern and southern waters at 16°S within the fishing area from Cape York south to 22°S (located just

north of Shoalwater Bay and south of Mackay; Figure 3.1). The terms ‘harvest’ and ‘catch’ were used

interchangeably to denote the total weight of prawns or saucer scallops or the total number of saucer

scallop baskets reported as retained by fishers. A day of reported fishing effort related to night fishing

(usually up to 14 hours between 5 pm and 7 am depending on the season), not 24 hour or daytime

fishing. Note that the fishing efforts reported were unstandardised for fishing power increases and catch

composition (i.e. target species).

From 1988 to 2003 harvests averaged about 1000 and 600 tonnes of tiger prawns and 900 and 250

tonnes of endeavour prawns from northern and southern waters respectively (Figure 5.1). Annual fishing

effort for tiger and endeavour prawns ranged 13 000 to 22 000 days in northern waters and 7000 to

18 000 days is southern waters (Figure 5.2). The monthly pattern of fishing effort for tiger and

endeavour prawns in northern waters was markedly different to southern waters (Figure 5.3). In northern

waters effort was much higher early in the season between March and July. In contrast, in southern

waters effort peaked in the middle of the season between May and September.

The harvest of red spot king prawns was significantly larger (6.3 times) from southern waters compared

with northern waters (Figure 5.4). The harvest from the south was quite variable with an annual average

of about 550 tonnes taken between 1988 and 2003. From northern waters, the harvest was mostly taken

from a small area east of Cape York and averaged only 87 tonnes between 1988 and 2003. Red spot

king prawn fishing effort was much higher in southern waters than northern waters reflecting the

harvests (Figure 5.4). Figure 5.5 illustrates a similar monthly pattern of fishing in the north and south to

that of tiger and endeavour prawns.

The Queensland offshore eastern king prawn harvest, excluding Moreton Bay, averaged about 1700

tonnes between 1989 and 2000 (Figure 5.6). Total harvests from 2001 to 2003 increased notably and

were significantly above 2000 tonnes, with the 2003 harvest setting the record to date of 2588 tonnes.

Over this period the observed fishing effort was fairly constant. From 2001 to 2003, the monthly pattern

of fishing effort was highest between November and May (Figure 5.7).

The New South Wales offshore eastern king prawn harvests averaged about 820 tonnes each fishing

year from 1992 to 1999 (Figure 5.8). As in Queensland, the New South Wales eastern king prawn

harvest increased between 2000 and 2003, with the highest harvest on record of 1156 tonnes taken in

2001. The 2004 New South Wales eastern king prawn harvest was the lowest on record (631 tonnes).

Offshore eastern king prawn fishing effort was very difficult to quantify in New South Wales due to the

complex nature of the monthly catch-return reporting for each vessel and endorsement holder. The

number of days fished by a vessel in a month was reported, but the actual daily effort associated with

the eastern king prawn harvest was not clear. A simple summation of the total observed effort was not


27

used as it may over estimate the actual effort. Instead, standardised ocean trawl fishing effort was

calculated by dividing the harvest by standardised catch rates as predicted from the REML analysis.

Since 1998 relative standardised effort increased, averaging about 27 500 vessel days compared with

about of 22 000 vessel days between 1985 and 1997 (Figure 5.8). The pattern of monthly fishing effort

peaked between January and May from 2002 to 2004 (Figure 5.9).

Saucer scallop harvest and effort varied greatly between 1989 and 2003, with annual harvests

averaging about 900 tonnes of abductor meat (Figure 5.10). Two exceptional harvests were taken in

1990 and 1993. The reporting of undersized saucer scallops commenced in 2000. The discard rates

were sequentially 13%, 26%, 23%, and 12% for the fishing years from 2000 to 2003. In 2000 and 2001,

fishing effort was 16 000 and 14 000 days respectively, with most of this effort applied between

November and March (Figure 5.11). In 2002 and 2003, fishing effort was significantly reduced to 8000

and 6000 days respectively, with high effort applied at the start of the season in November and in

January with the rotational opening of the spatial closures. After January fishing effort dropped

markedly.


28

Tiger and endeavour prawns

Figure 5.1 The annual tiger and endeavour prawn harvest from northern and southern waters. Note that more tiger and endeavour prawns were harvested from northern waters.

89 91 93 95 97 99 01 030

5

10

15

20

25

Fishing year

Day

s*10

00

Northern tiger and endeavour prawn

22

20

17

13

16

21

18

1718 18

17

19

21

15

13 13

89 91 93 95 97 99 01 030

5

10

15

20

25

Fishing year

Day

s*10

00

Southern tiger and endeavour prawn

1312 12

13

7

12

18

15

17 1716

15

11

5

9 9

Figure 5.2 The annual tiger and endeavour prawn fishing effort in northern and southern waters.

89 91 93 95 97 99 01 030

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

Fishing year

Tonn

es

Northern tiger prawn

1312

1074

967 936

1031

1554

853

13381346

1001

1250

1369

978 951 966

1086

89 91 93 95 97 99 01 030

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

Fishing year

Tonn

es

Southern tiger prawn

519 481569

618

285

506

777

924982

751

918

698

406

223

564638

89 91 93 95 97 99 01 030

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

Fishing year

Tonn

es

Northern endeavour prawn

1108

994 927

588

691

979 971

1102

1005

808 838

983

1092

824

728

822

89 91 93 95 97 99 01 030

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

Fishing year

Tonn

es

Southern endeavour prawn

206 220279 285

113188

308 273352

400314 301

246

100184 187


29

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

Day

s

Month

Northern tiger and endeavour prawn


500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

Day

s

Month

Southern tiger and endeavour prawn

Figure 5.3 Box and whisker plot of the average monthly tiger and endeavour prawn fishing effort over the last three years from 2001 to 2003. The boxes show the variability about the means for box-to-box comparison. The whiskers show the extent of the data. Note the distinct difference in the pattern of fishing between northern and southern waters.

Red spot king prawns

89 91 93 95 97 99 01 030

200

400

600

800

1000

Fishing year

Tonn

es

Harvest: northern red spot king praw n

64104

58 99 87

40 61 71 81 69

139 130

46 98

142102

89 91 93 95 97 99 01 030

200

400

600

800

1000

Fishing year

Tonn

es

Harvets: southern red spot king praw n

716

372

287

419468

546

376

673

971

611672 668

310 321

837

628

89 91 93 95 97 99 01 030

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Fishing year

Day

s*10

00

Fishing effort: northern red spot king praw n

33

3 3 3

2 2 23

2

3 3

2 2 2 2

89 91 93 95 97 99 01 030

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Fishing year

Day

s*10

00

Fishing effort: souththern red spot king praw n

11

8

7

9 9

9 9

11

15

1313

11

7

6

9

8

Figure 5.4 The reported annual red spot king prawn harvest and fishing effort from northern and southern waters. Note that more red-spot king prawns were harvested from southern waters.


30


200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

Day

s

Month

Northern red spot king prawn


200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

Day

s

Month

Southern red spot king prawn

Figure 5.5 Box and whisker plot of the average monthly red spot king prawn fishing effort over the last three years from 2001 to 2003. The boxes show the variability about the means for box-to-box comparison. The whiskers show the extent of the data. Note the distinct difference in the pattern and magnitude of fishing for red spot king prawns in northern and southern waters.

Queensland eastern king prawns

89 91 93 95 97 99 01 030

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

Fishing year

Tonn

es

Harvest

1377

1615

17611638

15691451

19551843

1779

1979

16961620

2362

2163

2588

89 91 93 95 97 99 01 030

5

10

15

20

25

30

Fishing year

Day

s*10

00

Fishing effort

17

20

2121

21

19

20

2223

24

2119 20 20

21

Figure 5.6 The annual eastern king prawn harvest and fishing effort from Queensland offshore waters. Fishing year: November to October. Note the best ever harvests taken from 2001 to 2003.


31

Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

Day

s

Month

Figure 5.7 Box and whisker plot of the average monthly eastern king prawn fishing effort over the last three years from 2001 to 2003. The boxes show the variability about the means for box-to-box comparison. The whiskers show the extent of the data. Note the consistent level of fishing from November to May, which then declines over winter to early spring. The fishing in October was in water depths greater than 50 fathoms. The southern trawl closure restricts fishing waters depths less than 50 fathoms during October.

New South Wales eastern king prawns

85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 01 030

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

Fishing year

Tonn

es

Harvest

800

859

1037

777

1018

965 972

845 809 823 840

816

696

848 874

984

1156

1021

921

631

85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 01 030

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Fishing year

Day

s*10

00

Fishing effort

17

20

27

22

27

24 24

22 2123

22

2020

26

28 28

3029

30

25

Figure 5.8 The annual eastern king prawn harvest and standardised fishing effort from New South Wales offshore waters. Fishing year: November to October. Note the best ever harvest taken in 2001.


32


500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

Day

s

Month

Figure 5.9 Box and whisker plot of the average monthly eastern king prawn fishing effort over the last three years from 2002 to 2004 in New South Wales. The boxes show the variability about the means for box-to-box comparison. The whiskers show the extent of the data.

Saucer scallops

89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 01 02 030

50

100

150

200

250

300

Fishing year

Bask

ets*

1000

Harvest

68

213

133

103

292

153

190

134

102

134124 126

157

99

50

89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 01 02 030

500

1000

1500

2000

Fishing year

Tonn

es

Meat w eight

415

1314

842

646

1858

982

1185

861

637

866 809 816

1047

663

333

89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 01 02 030

50

100

150

200

250

300

Fishing year

Bask

ets*

1000

Reported discards

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 019

57

30

7

89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 01 02 030

5

10

15

20

Fishing year

Day

s*10

00

Fishing effort

6

16

12

11

16

13

17

15

18

16

12

16

14

8

6

Figure 5.10 The annual saucer scallop harvest and fishing effort south of 22°S. Fishing year: November to October. Note the low fishing effort and harvest taken in 2003.


33


500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

Day

s

Month

Fishing years 2002 and 2003


500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

Day

s

Month

Fishing years 2000 and 2001

Figure 5.11 Box and whisker plot of the average monthly saucer scallop fishing effort from south of 22°S. The boxes show the variability about the means for box-to-box comparison. The whiskers show the extent of the data. Note the change in the pattern of fishing for saucer scallops with much less effort applied between December and October in 2002-2003 compared to 2000-2001.

34

6 Trends in adoption of trawl vessel gears and technology

6.1 Survey coverage

The information collated on otter-trawl vessel configurations, gears and technologies used by fishers,

including when they were adopted, was obtained from two purposely-designed questionnaire surveys of

past and present fishing vessel owner/operators. The first survey was funded by the DPI&F and FRDC,

and was completed in 2000, collecting data covering the logbook years from 1988 to 2000 (O'Neill et al.

2005). The second survey extended the data from 1988 to 2004; the DPI&F funded the Queensland

east-coast surveys, and CRC and FRRF funds were used for the Torres Strait surveys.

Overall the data collated on otter-trawl vessel configurations, gears and technologies covered 486

vessel owner/operators up to 2004. This consisted of 344 interviews completed from the first survey,

which represented a response rate of 85% of the 406 operators who were contacted. This first sample

included vessels that collectively accounted for about 40% of each trawl sector’s total catch between

1989 and 1999. The trawl sectors covered were the Queensland’s east coast tiger prawns, endeavour

prawns, saucer scallops and eastern king prawns. The second survey resulted in 292 completed

interviews, representing a response rate of 84% of the 346 operators contacted. The same trawl sectors

were covered in the second survey, but included additional data on the red spot king prawn sector. The

combined surveys included vessels that collectively accounted for about 60% of each trawl sector’s total

catch between 1988 and 2004. A breakdown of the number of vessel owners or skippers interviewed

from each trawl sector in each year is provided in Table 6.1. It is important to note that a) many

operators work in more than one sector and therefore the technical changes in their fishing operations

apply across the sectors they fished, and b) there was a general decline in owner and skipper interviews

the further back in time the survey sought information. The focus of the time series presented here was

from 1988 to 2004. (O'Neill et al. 2005) summarised the data prior to 1988.

Figure 6.1 showed the survey data had a long historical time series for many vessels. The number of

years covered by each vessel owner/operator ranged from one to 41, with an average of 11 years and

median of nine years. Figure 6.2 showed the survey data covered about 50% to 60% of the entire

logbook fishing effort in the later years for tiger prawns, endeavour prawns and red spot king prawns.

The percentages were in the order of 70% for saucer scallops and eastern king prawns (Figure 6.3).

Figure 6.4 and Figure 6.5 show that the observed catch rates for each trawl sector in each month from

the vessels that were recorded in the questionaires were representative of the catch rates from all

vessels fishing.


35

Table 6.1 Breakdown of the number of vessel owners or skippers in each year and trawl sector that were interviewed as part of the two questionnaire surveys.

Fishing Year

Tiger and Endeavour Prawn Red Spot King Prawn Saucer Scallop Eastern King Prawn

1962 1 0 1 1 1963 1 0 1 1 1964 1 0 1 1 1965 1 0 1 1 1966 2 0 2 2 1967 2 0 3 4 1968 3 1 4 5 1969 3 1 4 5 1970 4 2 4 5 1971 4 2 5 7 1972 5 2 5 8 1973 5 2 5 9 1974 11 4 10 16 1975 13 4 10 18 1976 17 4 12 21 1977 20 6 16 25 1978 24 7 17 28 1979 30 8 22 34 1980 45 9 30 43 1981 50 10 37 48 1982 58 14 42 53 1983 67 17 48 60 1984 76 18 53 64 1985 82 19 56 69 1986 94 22 67 78 1987 105 27 78 89 1988 129 34 90 106 1989 150 40 104 121 1990 163 45 116 133 1991 178 50 128 145 1992 190 53 135 155 1993 202 58 147 167 1994 230 68 168 192 1995 257 76 194 213 1996 281 83 215 236 1997 299 89 230 251 1998 306 95 229 251 1999 316 110 236 259 2000 300 141 232 255 2001 222 152 161 182 2002 223 156 163 184 2003 233 166 165 192 2004 230 165 164 196


36

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 450

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Number of years

Freq

uenc

y

Figure 6.1 The frequency of the number of years of history covered by each vessel owner/operator.

The questionnaires covered 486 past and present fishing vessel owner/operators.

88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 040

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

Perc

ent c

over

age

Northern tiger praw n

2219

1613 16 21 17 16

17

17

17

1920

14 1312

88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 040

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1Northern endeavour praw n

2119

1613 15

20 17 16

17

17

16

1820

14 1312

88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 040

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

Perc

ent c

over

age

Southern tiger praw n

Month / f ishing year

1312 12 12 6 11

18 1517 17

16 14

11

5

9 9

88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 040

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1


Red spot king praw n

10 7

6 8 9 8

8

11 1513 12

10 7 5

9

7

Figure 6.2 Percent coverage of the total logbook fishing effort in each month and trawl sector by the vessels that were recorded in the questionaires. The numbers indicate the total number of logbook days (x 1000) recorded each fishing year in each trawl sector for northern tiger prawns, northern endeavour prawns, southern tiger prawns and red spot king prawns. Each x-axis tick label indicates January of that year. For example, about 55% of the 12 000 (≈6500) northern tiger prawn logbook days in 2003 were covered by the questionaires and analyses.


37

88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 040

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

Perc

ent c

over

age

Saucer scallop

6 7 15 10 10 15

1018

12 18 13 1314

11 5

5

88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 040

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1Eastern king praw n (deep w ater: depths > 50fm)

Perc

ent c

over

age

3

4 5

7 6 6

7 7

7 7 8 6 7

9 9 10

88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 040

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

Perc

ent c

over

age

Eastern king praw n (shallow w ater: depths ≤ 50fm)


3 5

5 4 4 4

44 5

5

4 43 4 4 3

Figure 6.3 Percent coverage of the logbook fishing effort for each month and trawl sector by the vessels that were recorded in the questionaires. The numbers indicate the total number of logbook days (x 1000) recorded each fishing year in each trawl sector for saucer scallops and eastern king prawns. Each x-axis tick label indicates January of that year. For example, about 70% of the 5000 (≈3500) saucer scallop logbook days in 2003 were covered by the questionaires and analyses.

88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 040

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

Cat

ch ra

te (k

g / d

ay)

Northern tiger praw n

88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 040

25

50

75

100

125

150

175Northern endeavour praw n

88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 040

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

Cat

ch ra

te (k

g / d

ay)

Southern tiger praw n

Month / f ishing year88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175


Red spot king praw n

Data matched with gear informationAll data

Figure 6.4 The observed monthly catch rates for northern tiger prawns, northern endeavour prawns, southern tiger prawns, and red spot king prawns from the vessels that were recorded in the questionaires compared with catch rates from all vessels. Each x-axis tick label indicates January of that year.


38

88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 040

10

20

30

Cat

ch ra

te (b

aske

ts /

day)

Saucer scallop

Data matched with gear information

All data

88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 040

50

100

150

200

250Eastern king praw n (deep w ater: depths > 50fm)

Cat

ch ra

te (k

g / d

ay)

88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 040

50

100

150

200

250Eastern king praw n (shallow w ater: depths ≤ 50fm)

Cat

ch ra

te (k

g / d

ay)


Figure 6.5 The observed monthly catch rates for saucer scallops and eastern king prawns from the vessels that were recorded in the questionaires compared with catch rates from all vessels. Each x-axis tick label indicates January of that year.

6.2 Vessel configurations

Vessel lengths (Figure 6.6)

The maximum allowable length of vessels in all trawl sectors between 1988 and 2004 was 20 metres.

Longer vessels on average fished for eastern king prawns in water depths greater than 50 fathoms

compared to the other sectors. The average length of vessels fishing deep waters for eastern king

prawns between 2002 and 2004 was about 18 metres. For the same fishing years, the average vessel

lengths were between 15½ and 16½ metres in the other trawl sectors. The average length of vessels

operating in northern waters and in the saucer scallop sector remained relatively unchanged between

1988 and 2004.

Engine power (Figure 6.6)

The average engine rated horsepower increased between 1988 and 2004 in all trawl sectors. The

average annual increases were greater in the southern trawl sectors than in the north. Vessels fishing

for eastern king prawns in deep waters (>50fm) had the most powerful rated engines of about 375 HP

by 2004. Between 1988 and 2004, the increases in average engine rated power were about:

• 70 HP for northern tiger prawn, northern endeavour prawn, and red spot king prawn

• 80 HP for southern tiger prawn

• 100 HP for saucer scallop

• 120 HP for deep water eastern king prawn

• 150 HP for shallow water eastern king prawn.


39

Trawl speed (Figure 6.6)

Only minor increases in average trawl speed were calculated for all trawl sectors. Average trawl speeds

were faster at about 3 knots in the north, compared with about 2½ knots in the south.

Vessel fuel capacity and consumption (Figure 6.7)

Average fuel capacity and use for tiger, endeavour and red spot king prawn vessels was relatively

unchanged between 1988 and 2004. Since 2000, average fuel capacity and consumption increased

20% to 30% for saucer scallops and eastern king prawns.

Propellers (Figure 6.8)

The average diameter and pitch of propellers had remained relatively constant in all trawl sectors, apart

from the saucer scallop and eastern king prawn sectors which had slight increases. The proportion of

annual fishing effort by vessels with nozzles had increased between 30% and 40% for saucer scallops

and tiger, endeavour and red spot king prawns between 1988 and 2004. The percentage increase was

between 50% and 70% for eastern king prawns.

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004

14

16

18

20

Met

res

Vessel length: north Northern tiger prawnSouthern tiger prawnNorthern endeavour prawnRed spot king prawn

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004

14

16

18

20Vessel length: southSaucer scallop

Eastern king prawn (depths combined)Eastern king prawn (shallow water: depths ≤ 50fm)Eastern king prawn (deep water: depths > 50fm)

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004150

200

250

300

350

400Engine rated pow er: north

HP

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004150

200

250

300

350

400Engine rated pow er: south

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 20042

2.5

3

3.5Traw l speed: north

Fishing year

Knot

s

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 20042

2.5

3

3.5Traw l speed: south

Fishing year

Figure 6.6 The average length of vessels, engine rated power and trawling speed by fishing year and trawl sector. The plots are weighted averages according to the number of days fished by each vessel in each fishing year and sector.


40

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 20040

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Kilo

litres

Vessel fuel capacity: north

Northern tiger prawnSouthern tiger prawnNorthern endeavour prawnRed spot king prawn

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 20040

5

10

15

20

25

30

35Vessel fuel capacity: south

Saucer scallopEastern king prawn (depths combined)Eastern king prawn (shallow water: depths ≤ 50fm)Eastern king prawn (deep water: depths > 50fm)

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004300

400

500

600

700

800

900Vessel fuel consumption: north

Litre

s pe

r nig

ht

Fishing year1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004

300

400

500

600

700

800

900Vessel fuel consumption: south

Fishing year

Figure 6.7 The average fuel capacity and fuel consumption of vessels by fishing year and trawl sector. The plots are weighted averages according to the number of days fished by each vessel in each fishing year and sector.

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 200430

40

50

60

70

Inch

es

Propeller diameter: northNorthern tiger prawn



Red spot king prawn

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 200430

40

50

60

70Propeller diameter: south

Saucer scallop

Eastern king prawn (depths combined)

Eastern king prawn (shallow water: depths ≤ 50fm)

Eastern king prawn (deep water: depths > 50fm)

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 200420

30

40

50

60Propeller pitch: north

Inch

es

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 200420

30

40

50

60Propeller pitch: south

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 20040

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1Propeller nozzle: north

Fishing year

Prop

ortio

n of

fish

ing

effo

rt

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 20040

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1Propeller nozzle: south

Fishing year

Figure 6.8 The average propeller diameter, propeller pitch, and use of propeller nozzles on vessels by fishing year and trawl sector. The averages were weighted according to the number of days fished by each vessel in each fishing year and sector. The proportions were calculated from the amount of fishing effort (days) by vessels in each fishing year and sector with a propeller nozzle.


41

6.3 Net configurations

Net types (Figure 6.9)

The configuration of trawl nets changed in 2000. Before 2000, all trawl sectors tended to have a similar

mix of vessels using triple and quad gear. In the northern tiger and endeavour prawn sectors about 90%

of the fishing effort was with quad gear. From 2000 there was a trend for more vessels to fish with quad

gear in the southern tiger prawn (90%), red spot king prawn (60%), saucer scallop (55%) and shallow

water eastern king prawn sectors (60%). In deep water fishing for eastern king prawns essentially all

fishing effort remained with triple gear.

Net sizes (Figure 6.10)

When fishing for prawns the maximum total combined foot and head rope net lengths are restricted to

88 metres in water depths less than 50 fathoms and 184 metres in depths greater than 50 fathoms

(QECTMP 2001). These two net length restrictions convert to 24 fathoms and 51 fathoms of total head

rope length respectively (one fathom ≈1.8 metres). Mesh sizes are restricted to between 38 mm and 60

mm (1½–2 1/3 inches). The maximum chain diameters are limited to 10 mm for prawns in water depths

less than 50 fathoms and to 12 mm in depths greater than 50 fathoms. For scallops, the maximum total

combined foot and head rope length is restricted to 109 metres (30 fathoms of total head rope length),

with a minimum mesh size of 75 mm (3 inches) and a ground chain diameter of 10 mm. The net

restrictions described above include the combined length of all nets (i.e. the main net lengths plus try

gear, if using try gear).

The trends and change in the average net lengths, mesh, and chain sizes used in all trawl sectors are

influenced by the regulations. For all trawl sectors, the average total head rope length, mesh size and

ground chain diameters had not changed between 1988 and 2004.

Ground gear types (Figure 6.11)

Standard drop chains and their variants were the most popular type of ground gear used. Drop chains

were used in nearly 100% of fishing effort in the northern prawn sectors. In the south a mixture of chain

types were used. Since 2000, drop chains have become more popular when fishing for saucer scallops

and eastern king prawns in water depths less than 50 fathoms (≈75% of fishing effort in 2004).

Otter boards (Figure 6.12)

Although flat otter boards have been the most common board type used across all trawls sectors over

the last 40 years, their use had declined dramatically (O’Neill et al. 2004). In the northern tiger and

endeavour prawn sectors the percentage of fishing effort with flat boards had declined from 75% in 1988

to less than 10% in 2004. In the southern tiger and red spot king prawn sectors the percentage of fishing

effort with flat boards had declined from about 90% in 1989 to between 40% to 60% in 2004. Flat boards

are still preferred when fishing for eastern king prawns in deep waters (≈90%–100% fishing effort). In

2000 the percentage of fishing effort with flat boards was 75%, but declined by about 20% for saucer

scallops and 40% for shallow water eastern king prawns by 2004. The decline in the use of flat boards

has been replaced by the adoption of kilfoil, louvre, or bison boards in the north. In the south kilfoil or

louvre boards have become more popular.


42

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 20040

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

Prop

ortio

n of

fish

ing

effo

rt

Tw in gear: north


1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 20040

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1Tw in gear: south


1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 20040

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1Triple gear: north

Prop

ortio

n of

fish

ing

effo

rt

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 20040

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1Triple gear: south

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 20040

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1Quad gear: north

Fishing year

Prop

ortio

n of

fish

ing

effo

rt

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 20040

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1Quad gear: south

Fishing year

Figure 6.9 The proportion of total annual fishing effort by vessels in each fishing year and trawl sector using different net types.

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 200415

20

25

30

35

40

45

Fath

oms

Total net head rope length: north


1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 200415

20

25

30

35

40

45Total net head rope length: south

Saucer scallop




1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 20041

2

3

4Net mesh size: north

Inch

es

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 20041

2

3

4Net mesh size: south

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 20049

10

11

12Net ground chain: north

Fishing year

Milli

met

res

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 20049

10

11

12Net ground chain: south

Fishing year

Figure 6.10 The average net size, mesh size and ground chain size by fishing year and trawl sector. The averages were weighted according to the number of days fished by each vessel in each fishing year and sector.

Lazy Lines

Codend

Ne t

SledsSweeps Otte rboard

Trip le Gear

Bridles

Warp Wires

Lazy Lines

Ma rriage Line

Net

Codend

O tterboards

Sweeps

Twin Gear

W arp W ire

Bridles

Quad Gear

Warp Wires

Brid les

O tter BoardSweeps

Lazy Lines

Marriage Line

Net

Codend

Sled


43

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 20040

0.5

1

Prop

ortio

n of

fish

ing

effo

rt

Drop chain: north


1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 20040

0.5

1Drop chain: southSaucer scallop

Eastern king prawn (depths combined)Eastern king prawn (shallow water: depths ≤ 50fm)Eastern king prawn (deep water: depths > 50fm)

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 20040

0.5

1Drop chain w ith sliding rings: north

Prop

ortio

n of

fish

ing

effo

rt

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 20040

0.5

1Drop chain w ith sliding rings: south

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 20040

0.5

1Looped ground chain: north

Prop

ortio

n of

fish

ing

effo

rt

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 20040

0.5

1Looped ground chain: south

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 20040

0.5

1Drop rope w ith chain: north

Fishing year

Prop

ortio

n of

fish

ing

effo

rt

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 20040

0.5

1Drop rope w ith chain: south

Fishing year

Figure 6.11 The proportion of total annual fishing effort by vessels in each fishing year and trawl sector using different ground gear.

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 20040

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

Prop

ortio

n of

fish

ing

effo

rt

Flat otter-boards: northNorthern tiger prawn



Red spot king prawn

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 20040

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1Flat otter-boards: south


1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 20040

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1Bison otter-boards: north

Prop

ortio

n of

fish

ing

effo

rt

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 20040

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1Bison otter-boards: south

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 20040

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1Louvre and kilfoil otter-boards: north

Fishing year

Prop

ortio

n of

fish

ing

effo

rt

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 20040

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1Louvre and kilfoil otter-boards: south

Fishing year

Figure 6.12 The proportion of total annual fishing effort by vessels in each fishing year and trawl sector using different otter boards.


44

6.4 Try gear, bycatch reduction devices and turtle excluders

Try gear (Figure 6.13)

Try gear is a small net used to sample the sizes and catch rates of prawns or scallops in the area being

fished. Try gear net head rope lengths are typically about two fathoms and are towed for short periods of

10 to 20 minutes. More vessels tend to fish with otter try gear than with beam try gear.

Try gear was adopted and used more in the north during the late 1980s and early 1990s (50% to 90% of

fishing effort). The percentage of fishing effort with try gear was much lower in the south (5% to 50%).

but since 1988 there was a steady increase in the use of with try gear.

Bycatch reduction devices (BRD) and turtle excluder devices (TED) (Figure 6.13)

BRDs and TEDs were used voluntarily in the Queensland east coast otter trawl fishery in the 1990’s. By

January 2002 the use of BRDs and TEDs was compulsory in all trawl sectors. The following describes

their compulsory introduction:

• BRDs March 2000 — All otter trawl nets except for deep-water (>50 fm), scallop and try-gear.

• BRDs January 2001 — All waters of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park.

• BRDs July 2001 — For scallop and deep waters.

• TEDs January 2001 — All nets except when taking scallop or in the deep water.

• TEDs July 2001 — Extended to cover scallop nets.

• TEDs January 2002 — Extended to cover the deep water.

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 20040

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

Prop

ortio

n of

fish

ing

effo

rt

Try gear net: north


1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 20040

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1Try gear net: south

Saucer scallop




1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 20040

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1Bycatch reduction devices and turtle excluders: north

Prop

ortio

n of

fish

ing

effo

rt

Fishing year1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1Bycatch reduction devices and turtle excluders: south

Fishing year

Figure 6.13 The proportion of total annual fishing effort by vessels in each fishing year and trawl sector using a try-gear net and bycatch reduction and/or turtle excluders.

Beam try-gear

Turtle excluder device


45

6.5 Navigation and searching technologies

Sonar (Figure 6.14)

The use of sonar had generally remained low with less than 30% of fishing effort in all sectors by

vessels with sonar.

Global positioning systems (GPS) (Figure 6.14)

GPS began to be adopted in 1988, and by 1996 was installed on nearly every vessel in all sectors.

Computer mapping software (Figure 6.14)

The use of computer based navigation software occurred rapidly between 1994 and 2000. In 2004

nearly all vessels had computer mapping software installed.

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 20040

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

Prop

ortio

n of

fish

ing

effo

rt

Sonar: north

Northern tiger praw nSouthern tiger praw nNorthern endeavour praw nRed spot king praw n

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 20040

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1Sonar: south

Saucer scallopEastern king praw n (depths combined)Eastern king praw n (shallow w ater: depths ≤ 50fm)Eastern king praw n (deep w ater: depths > 50fm)

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 20040

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1Global positioning system: north

Prop

ortio

n of

fish

ing

effo

rt

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 20040

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1Global positioning system: south

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 20040

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1Computer mapping softw are: north

Prop

ortio

n of

fish

ing

effo

rt

Fishing year1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1Computer mapping sof tw are: south

Prop

ortio

n of

fish

ing

effo

rt

Fishing year

Figure 6.14 The proportion of total annual fishing effort by vessels in each fishing year and trawl sector using sonar, global positioning systems and computer mapping software.

6.6 Vessel skippers

The data show a decline in the proportion of owner-operated skippers since 1998 (Figure 6.15).


46

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 20040

0.5

1

Prop

ortio

n of

fish

ing

effo

rt

Ow ner - skipper: northNorthern tiger prawn



Red spot king prawn

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 20040

0.5

1Ow ner - skipper: south

Saucer scallop




1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 20040

0.5

1Skipper related to ow ner: north

Prop

ortio

n of

fish

ing

effo

rt

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 20040

0.5

1Skipper related to ow ner: south

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 20040

0.5

1Skipper non-related to ow ner: north

Prop

ortio

n of

fish

ing

effo

rt

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 20040

0.5

1Skipper non-related to ow ner: south

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 20040

0.5

1Mixed pattern of skippers: north

Fishing year

Prop

ortio

n of

fish

ing

effo

rt

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 20040

0.5

1Mixed pattern of skippers: south

Fishing year

Figure 6.15 The proportion of total annual fishing effort by four different skipper categories in each fishing year and trawl sector.

47

7 Analysis of prawn catches

Table 7.1 and Table 7.2 contain the regression parameter estimates for the various gears and

technologies for tiger prawns, endeavour prawns, red spot king prawns, eastern king prawns and saucer

scallops. Note that two analyses were run for each species. The first analysis used a general linear

model (GLM), not including vessel identifiers (record-number). The second analysis used a mixed linear

model (REML), treating vessel identifiers (record-number) as a random effect. The statistics from both

analyses show that the abundance β1 (the two-way interaction effects of different abundance terms

including fishing grids, fishing years, months), lunar phase β3 and catches of other prawn species or

saucer scallops β4 and fishing power β2 (capture system variables including different vessel

characteristics, navigation equipment, bycatch reduction devices and trawl net configurations)

parameters were highly significant (Table 7.3). In the general linear models the calculated mean

squares for the fishing power terms β2 were greater than or equal to the mean squares for the combined

model terms β1, β3 and β4. This indicated the data had some contrast to distinguish β2. In the linear

mixed models the deviance ratios were smaller for β2, indicating that the random vessel terms

accounted for a large part of the variation in catches.

The next paragraph describes some of the notable associations with larger catches (i.e. higher fishing

power). The descriptions are relative and specific to each gear and technology. However, it should be

noted that every vessel has multiple gears and technologies, and that the estimated individual effects

are not simply additive. Overall vessel fishing-power is a diverse function with a complex multiplicative

combination of gears and technologies.

There were consistent positive associations of larger engine powers and catches measured across all

sectors and analyses. The parameter estimates indicated that vessels with 50 HP or more rated engine

power were generally associated with between 2% and 8% larger average catches. Both the GLM and

REML analyses indicated that slower trawl speeds by ½ knot were associated with between 3% and 7%

larger average catches of red spot king prawns and saucer scallops. Vessels installed with sonar were

associated with having between 3% and 6% better average catches of northern tiger and eastern king

prawns. The effect of global positioning systems (GPS) differed between analyses. For tiger and

endeavour prawns, vessels with GPS were associated with between 2% and 11% larger average

catches. Larger catches of eastern king prawns and saucer scallops were not related to vessels with

GPS. Vessels fishing for endeavour prawns or red spot king prawns with computer mapping software,

such as C-plot, were associated with between 3% and 11% larger average catches. Vessels using quad

nets were associated with between 7% and 20% better average prawns catches compared to triple

gear. The REML analysis estimated 7% better average scallop catches using quad nets compared to

triple nets. Generally larger net sizes were associated with larger catches. Conversely, smaller mesh

sizes were associated with larger catches. Drop-chain ground gear was generally used most and was

associated with better average catches. Larger ground chains, typically from 10 mm to 12mm, were

associated with a minimum 5% better average catches of red spot king prawns, eastern king prawns

and saucer scallops. Bison and louvre otter-boards were generally associated with better average

catches across the sectors. Vessels with a turtle excluder device (TED) and/or bycatch reduction device

(BRD) were associated with about 13% better catches of endeavour prawns, red spot king prawns,

eastern king prawns and saucer scallops. In contrast, smaller catches of tiger prawns were associated


48

with a TED and/or BRD. Try nets were associated with between 5% and 9% better catches of tiger

prawns.

Parameter estimates for lunar phase were all significant for the five prawn sectors analysed, but not

significant for saucer scallops (Table 7.4). The estimates show that prawn catchability during the new

moon and making moon phases were higher compared to other lunar phases. This change in prawn

catchability is a biological/behavioural aspect of the prawns. If for example a vessel trawls more on the

favourable lunar phases, the vessel would have increased fishing power. Figure 7.1 shows there has

been no annual change in the lunar pattern of fishing in each trawl sector, only slight year-to-year

variation and therefore no annual fishing power increases due to trawling more on favourable lunar

phases needed to be considered in this publication.

For all analyses there was no evidence of any influential correlations between gear and technology (β2)

parameters (appendix 14.6; Table 14.38, Table 14.39, Table 14.44, Table 14.49, Table 14.60 and Table

14.54). The effect of removing any of the correlations greater than 0.3 from the analyses was little, and

the inferences on remaining parameters were unchanged. Chapter 1 showed that there was a good

contrast of vessels with and without different gears and technologies, providing confidence in our

statistical analysis that we have measured the parameter effects with reasonable precision. No

significant correlations were present between parameter estimates for the annual index of abundance

(fishing year term in the models), and the gear and technology (β2) parameters (ρ generally less

than 0.2).

The appendices also show the possible vessel and trawl net covariates for analysis (appendix 14.6:

Table 14.37, Table 14.43, Table 14.48, Table 14.59 and Table 14.53). Given some of the strong positive

correlations between covariates, it was not possible to accurately measure their individual effects in the

analysis. For example, engine rated power (HP) was used as a surrogate of overall vessel capacity

because it explained more significant variation in catches than the other correlated variates of vessel

length, hull units, fuel capacity and use and propeller size.

For all the statistical analyses the use of lognormal errors were appropriate (appendix 14.6: Figure 14.6,

Figure 14.8, Figure 14.10, Figure 14.12, Figure 14.18, and Figure 14.14). The histograms of

standardised residuals were normally distributed in shape and the scatter plots showed no pattern. The

normality plots had some curvature, illustrating that there were a number of outliers with residuals in

excess of –4 and +4. These standardised residuals were few in comparison to the number of catches

analysed (appendix 14.6:

Table 14.40, Table 14.41, Table 14.45, Table 14.46, Table 14.50, Table 14.51, Table 14.61, Table

14.62, Table 14.55, Table 14.56). About 90% of the data had standardised residuals between –2 and

+2. The normality plots for these data were linear. The influence of the large residuals upon the

estimation of parameters was small. For example, removing their effect resulted in little change in the

parameters, suggesting the number of outliers were not influential because of the size of the data sets.

The distribution of observed catches on the log scale was relatively normal (appendix 14.6: Figure 14.7,

Figure 14.9, Figure 14.11, Figure 14.13, Figure 14.19 and Figure 14.15). These figures also show the

Box-Cox log-likelihoods. Small values of λ suggest a logarithm transformation and values tending to 1

suggest no transformation is required. The Box-Cox plots for southern tiger prawns, red spot king


49

prawns, and eastern king prawns suggest the logarithm transformation may be too extreme, creating

larger negative residuals (Figure 14.11, Figure 14.13, Figure 14.15). However, the use of a logarithm

transformation assuming multiplicative errors is important to estimate fishing power and standardised

catch rates. In addition, 90% of the log residuals had linear normality. The use of an optimised Box-Cox

power transformation would ensure symmetric residuals and linear normality plots, but this complex

transformation would be impractical for interpretation.


50

Table 7.1 Parameter estimates β2 and standard errors in parenthesis from the general and mixed linear models (natural log transformed) for tiger and endeavour prawns; n.s. indicates the parameter was not significant and excluded from the analysis (p>0.05); – indicates the gear type was not used in that trawl sector. Parameter Estimates β2 (Log) Northern Tiger Prawns Northern Endeavour Prawns Southern Tiger Prawns GLM REML GLM REML GLM REML

Engine rated power 0.222 (0.013) 0.141 (0.024) 0.403 (0.017) 0.211 (0.035) 0.193 (0.015) 0.135 (0.034) Trawl speed –0.048 (0.021) n.s. –0.542 (0.026) 0.277 (0.085) 0.102 (0.025) n.s. Propeller nozzle 0.058 (0.006) 0.027 (0.011) 0.092 (0.007) –0.071 (0.013) n.s. n.s. Sonar 0.094 (0.006) 0.073 (0.012) –0.088 (0.007) –0.109 (0.015) 0.09 (0.01) n.s. GPS 0.063 (0.009) 0.047 (0.01) 0.025 (0.011) 0.023 (0.013) 0.107 (0.011) 0.042 (0.014) Computer mapping 0.027 (0.006) n.s. 0.104 (0.007) 0.071 (0.01) –0.044 (0.007) n.s. Trawl gear — number of nets Single — — — — — — Twin 0 0 0 0 0 0 (0) Triple –0.049 (0.014) –0.238 (0.045) –0.011 (0.019) –0.402 (0.057) 0.022 (0.021) –0.249 (0.039) Quad 0.053 (0.011) –0.127 (0.039) 0.078 (0.015) –0.192 (0.049) 0.097 (0.02) –0.089 (0.031) Five — — –0.145 (0.09) 0.117 (0.164) Net size — all nets combined 0.182 (0.031) n.s. 0.56 (0.038) 0.258 (0.104) 0.331 (0.028) 0.782 (0.073) Mesh size n.s. n.s. –1.512 (0.122) 0.846 (0.281) 0.562 (0.096) n.s. Ground gear n.s. Drop chain 0 0 0 0 0 Drop chain with sliding rings –0.02 (0.019) 0.047 (0.033) –0.046 (0.024) –0.079 (0.039) 0.014 (0.023) Looped chain 0.124 (0.011) –0.185 (0.085) 0.038 (0.014) –0.129 (0.104) 0.02 (0.049) Drop rope and chain 0.112 (0.017) 0.254 (0.048) –0.283 (0.021) –0.289 (0.06) –0.047 (0.014) Other less used types –0.18 (0.332) –0.433 (0.328) –0.257 (0.405) 0.241 (0.4) –0.114 (0.028) Ground gear — chain size n.s. n.s. –0.103 (0.026) –0.229 (0.07) 0.255 (0.028) n.s. Otter boards n.s. Standard flat 0 0 0 0 (0) 0 Bison 0.004 (0.006) –0.028 (0.012) 0.06 (0.007) –0.024 (0.015) –0.003 (0.01) Louvre/Kilfoil –0.031 (0.005) 0.003 (0.01) –0.056 (0.007) –0.044 (0.012) 0.016 (0.007) Other less used types –0.196 (0.012) 0.067 (0.03) 0.125 (0.016) –0.187 (0.041) –0.164 (0.017) BRD and TED –0.058 (0.009) –0.024 (0.011) 0.125 (0.011) 0.099 (0.013) –0.032 (0.011) n.s. Net — try gear 0.06 (0.013) 0.082 (0.024) 0.093 (0.016) n.s. 0.094 (0.008) 0.045 (0.016)


51

Table 7.2 Parameter estimates β2 and standard errors in parenthesis from the general and mixed linear models (natural log transformed) for king prawns and saucer scallops; n.s. indicates the parameter was not significant and excluded from the analysis (p>0.05); – indicates the gear type was not used in that trawl sector.

Parameter Estimates β2 (Log) Red Spot King Prawns Eastern King Prawns Saucer Scallops GLM REML GLM REML GLM REML

Engine rated power 0.204 (0.033) 0.404 (0.08) 0.502 (0.013) n.s. 0.388 (0.012) 0.24 (0.029) Trawl speed –0.145 (0.053) –0.48 (0.148) –0.235 (0.025) n.s. –0.127 (0.018) –0.192 (0.064) Propeller nozzle 0.104 (0.013) n.s. –0.06 (0.007) n.s. 0.053 (0.006) n.s Sonar –0.086 (0.023) n.s. 0.043 (0.006) 0.034 (0.013) 0.039 (0.008) n.s GPS 0.185 (0.029) n.s. –0.042 (0.01) n.s. –0.038 (0.009) –0.037 (0.012) Computer mapping 0.052 (0.012) 0.034 (0.016) –0.039 (0.007) 0.028 (0.01) 0.033 (0.007) n.s. Trawl gear — number of nets Single — — 0 0 — — Twin 0 0 (0) –0.767 (0.05) –0.445 (0.058) 0 0 Triple –0.375 (0.062) –0.329 (0.134) –0.402 (0.048) –0.401 (0.05) 0.189 (0.036) 0.248 (0.051) Quad –0.208 (0.061) –0.217 (0.129) –0.133 (0.05) –0.221 (0.056) 0.163 (0.036) 0.301 (0.053) Five — — –0.008 (0.054) 0.022 (0.077) 0.211 (0.049) 0.564 (0.104) Net size — all nets combined 1.2 (0.091) 1.213 (0.215) 0.080 (0.003) 0.081 (0.005) 0.092 (0.021) 0.291 (0.065) Mesh size n.s. n.s. –1.204 (0.048) –1.248 (0.084) –0.186 (0.024) –0.315 (0.112) Ground gear n.s. Drop chain 0 0 0 0 0 (0) Drop chain with sliding rings –0.142 (0.09) –0.025 (0.011) 0.04 (0.028) 0.045 (0.008) 0.006 (0.024) Looped chain –0.353 (0.086) 0.009 (0.007) 0.002 (0.013) 0.013 (0.007) –0.01 (0.021) Drop rope and chain –0.088 (0.026) 0.038 (0.007) –0.056 (0.016) 0.208 (0.018) 0.055 (0.035) Other less used types — –0.035 (0.008) –0.127 (0.016) 0.07 (0.013) –0.078 (0.029) Ground gear — chain size 0.664 (0.127) 1.028 (0.257) 0.273 (0.027) 0.29 (0.052) 0.202 (0.026) 0.285 (0.058) Otter boards Standard flat 0 0 (0) 0 0 0 0 Bison –0.093 (0.016) 0.183 (0.05) –0.025 (0.014) 0.056 (0.041) 0.059 (0.018) –0.088 (0.032) Louvre/Kilfoil –0.128 (0.014) 0.032 (0.04) 0.179 (0.012) –0.012 (0.019) 0.023 (0.009) 0.072 (0.015) Other less used types –0.38 (0.047) –0.006 (0.115) –0.084 (0.018) 0.193 (0.035) 0.019 (0.016) 0.026 (0.031) BRD and TED 0.156 (0.023) 0.075 (0.025) 0.125 (0.008) 0.127 (0.01) 0.023 (0.011) 0.046 (0.015) Net — try gear –0.067 (0.016) –0.078 (0.026) –0.041 (0.006) –0.051 (0.01) 0.101 (0.006) n.s.


52

Table 7.3 Regression statistics for abundance, lunar phase and catch of other species combined (other terms = β1 + β3 + β4) and catchability (fishing power β2) terms as measured by dropping the relevant parameters from the full model. d.f. – degrees of freedom, s.s. – sums of squares, m.s. – mean square, v.r. – variance ratio = F statistic; deviance ratio = deviance/d.f.; vessel component = random variance component; standard errors in parentheses.

General linear model d.f. s.s. m.s. v.r. Mixed linear model d.f. deviance deviance ratio variance

Nth tiger prawn Other terms 498 25648 51.5016 157.53 Other terms 498 50860 102.129 Fishing power 18 938 52.1218 159.42 Fishing power 15 206.8 13.787

Residual 84307 27563 0.3269 Residual 0.3073 (0.0015)

Adjusted R2 = 0.497 Vessel component 0.0509

(0.0053)

Nth endeavour prawn Other terms 498 25176 50.5545 104.34 Other terms 498 39340 78.996 Fishing power 20 2319 115.966 239.34 Fishing power 19 427.2 22.484 Residual 83102 40266 0.4845 Residual 0.449 (0.0022)


(0.0085)

Sth tiger prawn Other terms 718 13785 19.1992 50.63 Other terms 718 25879 36.043 Fishing power 20 1095 54.7396 144.36 Fishing power 7 221.8 31.686 Residual 58466 22170 0.3792 Residual 0.336 (0.002)


(0.0085)

Red spot king prawn Other terms 631 7725 12.2427 35.91 Other terms 631 13945.9 22.101 Fishing power 18 294 16.3468 47.95 Fishing power 12 113.6 9.467 Residual 19285 6574 0.3409 Residual 0.314 (0.0032) Adjusted R2

= 0.565 Vessel component 0.0636 (0.01)

Eastern king prawn Other terms 562 12224 21.7505 63.33 Other terms 562 24939 44.375 Fishing power 22 2630 119.529 348.01 Fishing power 18 1162 64.556 Residual 82305 28269 0.3435 Residual 0.306 (0.0015)


(0.0219)

Saucer scallop Other terms 613 23776 38.7867 90.87 Other terms 613 37990 61.974 Fishing power 21 2446 116.489 272.92 Fishing power 17 271 15.941 Residual 81285 34695 0.4268 Residual 0.397 (0.002)


(0.0066)

Table 7.4 Lunar cycle parameter estimates 3β and standard errors in parenthesis from the general and mixed linear

models; n.s. indicates the parameters were not significant and excluded from analysis (p>0.05).

GLM REML Trawl sector Luminance Luminance

advanced 7 days Luminance Luminance

advanced 7 days

Northern tiger prawns –0.206 (0.006) 0.025 (0.006) –0.213 (0.006) 0.022 (0.005)

Northern endeavour prawns –0.346 (0.007) –0.167 (0.007) –0.338 (0.007) –0.163 (0.007)

Southern tiger prawns –0.217 (0.008) 0.052 (0.007) –.227 (0.008) 0.045 (0.007)

Red spot king prawns –0.575 (0.014) 0.084 (0.012) –0.580 (0.014) 0.075 (0.012)

Eastern king prawns 0.041 (0.006) –0.081 (0.006) 0.039 (0.006) –0.083 (0.006)

Saucer scallops n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s.


53

1990 1995 2000 20050

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1Northern tiger prawns

1990 1995 2000 20050

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1Northern endeavour prawns

1990 1995 2000 20050

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1Southern tiger prawns

1990 1995 2000 20050

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1Red spot king prawns

1990 1995 2000 20050

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1Eastern king prawns

1990 1995 2000 20050

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1Saucer scallops

New moonMaking moonFull moonWaning moon

Figure 7.1 The proportion of total annual fishing effort by lunar categories in each fishing year and trawl sector.

54

8 Estimates of fishing power on a vessel-day basis

Annual increases in average relative fishing power were calculated from the general linear model (GLM)

and the mixed linear model (REML) analysing kilograms of tiger prawns, endeavour prawns, red spot

king prawns, eastern king prawns and baskets of saucer scallops harvested each vessel-day. The

structural difference between these analyses was that the GLM did not include vessel identifiers and the

REML used the vessel identifiers as random effects. The resulting GLMs therefore measured annual

changes in fishing power due to vessel upgrades and changing fleet profile entirely through the capture

system variables (β2; Table 7.1 and Table 7.2). The REML models measured annual changes in fishing

power through fixed and random components. Changes in REML fishing powers due to vessel upgrades

were measured through the capture system variables (β2 fixed effects). These fishing powers are

represented by the dotted line on the REML figures. Changes in REML fishing powers due to each trawl

sector’s vessel profile was measured through the random vessel terms ( γ , see section 4.3). These

fishing powers are illustrated on the REML figures by the difference between the overall fishing power

estimate (solid line) and the fishing power estimate from the β2 fixed effects (dotted line). Note that the

estimates for the 2004 fishing year are based only on the months up to April inclusive. Even though this

was not a complete 2004 fishing year for all sectors, the results are most likely indicative for northern

tiger and endeavour prawns, eastern king prawns and saucer scallops as the data covered the peak

fishing months (see section 1). The 1989 fishing year was selected as the base reference as it was the

first fishing year with complete catch records across all sectors and also to be consistent with O'Neill et

al (2003a). Overall the analyses showed that annual changes in prawn trawl fishing power were

influenced mostly by the changing fleet profile and their vessel power (engine rated power and propeller

nozzles) and technology (sonar, global positioning systems, and computer mapping) factors. Net

configurations were more important than technology factors in determining saucer scallop fishing power.

Additional results tabulating the annual rates of fishing power change are presented in appendix 14.2

and 14.3. The fishing power rates in appendix 14.2 were based on the results in this section 1. The

fishing power rates in appendix 14.3 were based on effort units.


55

8.1 Northern tiger prawns

(Figure 8.1, Table 8.1)

Tiger prawn fishing power in northern waters increased by 7% (GLM) or 8% (REML) between 1989 and

2003. The increases were driven by the efficient vessels with higher engine rated power, propeller

nozzles, quad net gear, bison or lourve/kilfoil otter-boards, sonar, global positioning and computer

mapping systems. The trend towards the efficient vessels fishing more days is illustrated by the overall

REML fishing power (fixed + random effects; solid line) converging and then overtaking the fishing

power corresponding to vessel upgrades (β2 fixed effects; dotted line). The data for 2004 suggested that

fishing power had decreased about 2% due to vessel power and net effects. This is illustrated in Figure

6.6 and Figure 6.9 showing the sectors average engine rated power was lower and the proportion of

effort with quad gear was less. Overall both GLM and REML β2 fishing powers were similar and show a

consistent increase in fishing power through time. The addition of vessel identifiers as a random effect in

REML suggested the rate of fishing power increase was slightly more than the GLM since 1996. The

noticeable 1989 spike in REML fishing power was due to better vessels expending more than their

average effort. The GLM fishing powers were consistent with the previous GLM estimates between 1989

and 1999 (O'Neill et al. 2003a).

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 20040.94

0.96

0.98

1

1.02

1.04

1.06

1.08

1.1

1.12

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Fishing year (January - December)

1988 to 20041989 to 1999 (FRDC 1999/120)

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 20040.94

0.96

0.98

1

1.02

1.04

1.06

1.08

1.1

1.12

REML Northern tiger praw ns


Random and fixed termsFixed terms only

Figure 8.1 Comparison of annual fishing power increases for northern tiger prawns as calculated from the general linear model (GLM) and the mixed linear model (REML). The proportion change represents the difference from the base reference year 1989, which was set at 1. Error bars illustrate the 95% confidence intervals.


56

Table 8.1 General linear model (GLM) and linear mixed model (REML) calculated proportional change in fishing power from 1988 to 2004 for the northern tiger prawn sector. The proportion change represents the difference from the base reference year 1989, which was set at 1. Confidence intervals (CI) = 95%.

Fishing GLM REML year Estimate Lower CI Upper CI Estimate Lower CI Upper CI

1988 0.983 0.981 0.986 0.956 0.944 0.961 1989 1 1 1 1 1 1 1990 0.986 0.981 0.991 0.949 0.938 0.958 1991 0.999 0.991 1.007 0.967 0.954 0.979 1992 0.986 0.978 0.993 0.963 0.95 0.977 1993 0.992 0.985 1 0.982 0.967 0.992 1994 1.001 0.991 1.010 0.967 0.950 0.979 1995 1.017 1.006 1.028 0.984 0.967 1 1996 1.021 1.010 1.033 0.975 0.959 0.994 1997 1.033 1.020 1.046 1.013 0.992 1.032 1998 1.049 1.036 1.062 0.997 0.978 1.015 1999 1.035 1.017 1.052 1.018 0.996 1.040 2000 1.047 1.022 1.072 1.041 1.011 1.070 2001 1.048 1.023 1.072 1.046 1.018 1.075 2002 1.060 1.033 1.086 1.059 1.030 1.088 2003 1.067 1.040 1.094 1.079 1.049 1.111 2004 1.049 1.023 1.075 1.060 1.027 1.093

8.2 Northern endeavour prawns


Significant differences in northern endeavour prawn fishing power were calculated from the GLM and

REML analyses. Fishing power increased by 30% (GLM) or 13% (REML) between 1989 and 2003. Most

of this fishing power increase occurred between 1996 and 2000. Over these five fishing years fishing

power increased by 26% (GLM) or 17% (REML). The fishing power increases were associated with

vessels having higher engine rated power, bison otter-boards, and computer mapping systems. The

noticeable drops in the 1996 and 2004 REML fishing power were due to the more efficient endeavour

prawn vessels fishing fewer nights.

REML fishing power for northern endeavour prawns was similar to both REML and the GLM fishing

power for northern tiger prawns, which are fished by similar vessels. The northern endeavour GLM

(which did not include vessel identifiers) showed marked increases in fishing power. The REML

analyses indicated that the better fishing vessels tended to target the more valuable tiger prawns in

preference to endeavour prawns. This was illustrated by the REML trends from 1996 to 2004 for less

efficient endeavour prawn vessels (Figure 8.2), but better tiger prawn vessels (Figure 8.1). If only

endeavour prawn fishing power increases due to vessel improvements were considered (β2 fixed

effects; REML dotted line Figure 8.2), then fishing power was about 27% better between 1988 and

2004. This result was comparable with the GLM (30%), which was unable to measure the trend towards

less efficient vessels through the capture system variables (β2).


57

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 20040.9

0.95

1

1.05

1.1

1.15

1.2

1.25

1.3

1.35

1.4

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GLM Northern endeavour praw ns

Fishing year (January - December)1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004

0.9

0.95

1

1.05

1.1

1.15

1.2

1.25

1.3

1.35

1.4

REML Northern endeavour praw ns


Random and f ixed termsFixed terms only

Figure 8.2 Comparison of annual fishing power increases for northern endeavour prawns as calculated from the general linear model (GLM) and the mixed linear model (REML). The proportion change represents the difference from the base reference year 1989, which was set at 1. Error bars illustrate the 95% confidence intervals.

Table 8.2 General linear model (GLM) and linear mixed model (REML) calculated proportional change in fishing power from 1988 to 2004 for the northern endeavour prawn sector. The proportion change represents the difference from the base reference year 1989, which was set at 1. Confidence intervals (CI) = 95%.


1988 0.987 0.984 0.991 0.971 0.954 0.981 1989 1 1 1 1 1 1 1990 0.974 0.968 0.980 0.950 0.929 0.960 1991 1.004 0.994 1.013 0.983 0.961 0.997 1992 0.998 0.989 1.007 0.988 0.971 1.005 1993 1.023 1.013 1.032 0.992 0.97 1.007 1994 1.022 1.010 1.034 0.987 0.964 1.005 1995 1.060 1.045 1.074 1.013 0.98 1.029 1996 1.039 1.024 1.054 0.942 0.912 0.956 1997 1.083 1.066 1.100 1.014 0.982 1.033 1998 1.114 1.096 1.132 1.022 0.993 1.045 1999 1.180 1.155 1.205 1.065 1.030 1.096 2000 1.301 1.262 1.338 1.112 1.061 1.146 2001 1.300 1.262 1.337 1.094 1.052 1.135 2002 1.314 1.274 1.355 1.125 1.081 1.173 2003 1.303 1.262 1.344 1.132 1.088 1.182 2004 1.291 1.253 1.329 1.064 1.023 1.123

8.3 Southern tiger prawns


Tiger prawn fishing power in southern waters increased by 12% (GLM) or 8% (REML) between 1989

and 2003. The GLM and REML fishing powers were comparable, especially between the GLM and

REML β2 terms only. Overall REML indicated no trend towards more or less efficient vessels, but extra

year to year variation in fishing power was calculated to include the random vessel effects ( γ ).

Increases in fishing power were associated with improvements in vessels engine rated power, and the

increased use of quad and try trawl nets (Figure 6.6, Figure 6.9 and Figure 6.13). The fishing power

increases for southern tiger prawns were similar to the northern tiger prawn sector.


58

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 20040.9

0.95

1

1.05

1.1

1.15

1.2

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0.9

0.95

1

1.05

1.1

1.15

1.2

REML Southern tiger praw ns



Figure 8.3 Comparison of annual fishing power increases for southern tiger prawns as calculated from the general linear model (GLM) and the mixed linear model (REML). The proportion change represents the difference from the base reference year 1989, which was set at 1. Error bars illustrate the 95% confidence intervals.

Table 8.3 General linear model (GLM) and linear mixed model (REML) calculated proportional change in fishing power from 1988 to 2004 for the southern tiger prawn sector. The proportion change represents the difference from the base reference year 1989, which was set at 1. Confidence intervals (CI) = 95%.


1988 0.939 0.933 0.944 0.928 0.911 0.937 1989 1 1 1 1 1 1 1990 1.087 1.080 1.095 1.074 1.063 1.098 1991 1.053 1.044 1.062 0.996 0.984 1.013 1992 1.086 1.073 1.099 1.012 0.995 1.034 1993 1.098 1.084 1.112 1.039 1.023 1.062 1994 1.090 1.075 1.105 1.054 1.043 1.084 1995 1.108 1.091 1.125 1.088 1.079 1.124 1996 1.130 1.111 1.148 1.101 1.091 1.144 1997 1.113 1.094 1.132 1.068 1.05 1.095 1998 1.124 1.103 1.143 1.046 1.027 1.072 1999 1.122 1.096 1.147 1.143 1.121 1.174 2000 1.123 1.09 1.156 1.098 1.071 1.125 2001 1.089 1.057 1.122 1.035 1.013 1.061 2002 1.122 1.087 1.156 1.089 1.062 1.118 2003 1.123 1.089 1.159 1.078 1.052 1.107 2004 1.153 1.119 1.19 1.118 1.086 1.158

8.4 Red spot king prawns


As for the northern endeavour prawn sector, the GLM and REML red spot king prawn fishing power

estimates were quite different. The GLM estimated average fishing power increased by 41% between

1989 and 2003. In contrast REML estimated the increase in fishing power at 17% between the same

years. From 1990 REML indicated a slight trend towards less efficient vessels fishing for red spot king

prawns. The inclusion of the random vessel effects ( γ ) in REML was more significant in this sector and

again tended to better estimate the fishing power due to the change in fleet profile towards less efficient

vessels. The effect of including the vessel terms in REML resulted in excluding six parameters for

propeller nozzle, sonar, global positioning systems, and net ground gear (Table 7.2). These parameters


59

were all significant in the GLM. The REML fishing power increases for red spot king prawns were

generally similar to the northern and southern tiger prawn sectors.

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 20040.9

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1.3

1.4

1.5

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0.9

1

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.6

REML Red spot king praw ns



Figure 8.4 Comparison of annual fishing power increases for red spot king prawns as calculated from the general linear model (GLM) and the mixed linear model (REML). The proportion change represents the difference from the base reference year 1989, which was set at 1. Error bars illustrate the 95% confidence intervals.

Table 8.4 General linear model (GLM) and linear mixed model (REML) calculated proportional change in fishing power from 1988 to 2004 for the red spot king prawn sector. The proportion change represents the difference from the base reference year 1989, which was set at 1. Confidence intervals (CI) = 95%.


1988 1.12 1.103 1.136 1.095 1.044 1.161 1989 1 1 1 1 1 1 1990 1.079 1.040 1.118 1.097 1.026 1.175 1991 1.077 1.037 1.116 1.045 0.975 1.108 1992 1.070 1.022 1.117 1.029 0.964 1.075 1993 1.106 1.057 1.157 1.144 1.081 1.196 1994 1.120 1.073 1.169 1.108 1.055 1.157 1995 1.118 1.069 1.171 1.047 0.992 1.093 1996 1.111 1.062 1.163 1.029 0.978 1.071 1997 1.160 1.109 1.215 1.045 0.997 1.091 1998 1.197 1.142 1.254 1.107 1.050 1.162 1999 1.188 1.131 1.246 1.074 1.012 1.124 2000 1.321 1.240 1.417 1.162 1.085 1.228 2001 1.262 1.182 1.352 1.089 1.012 1.155 2002 1.362 1.272 1.458 1.137 1.059 1.215 2003 1.407 1.314 1.507 1.168 1.079 1.256 2004 1.468 1.367 1.573 1.177 1.073 1.268

8.5 Eastern king prawns

(Figure 8.5, Table 8.5, Table 8.6, Table 8.7)

The eastern king prawn sector had experienced the largest increases in fishing power. The GLM

estimated increases in average annual fishing power of 47% in shallow waters, 19% in deep waters and

31% across all water depths between 1989 and 2003. REML estimated fishing power increases were

comparable to the GLM estimates (40% in shallow waters, 31% in deep waters and 40% across all

waters between 1989 and 2003). The GLM associated fishing power increases with higher engine rated

power, fishing with quad nets post 2000, louvre/kilfoil otter boards, by-catch reduction and turtle

excluder devices and try nets in shallow waters. REML measured most of the fishing power increases


60

through the random vessel effects ( γ ), absorbing the parameters for engine rated power, trawl speed

and propeller nozzle (Table 7.2). The REML results illustrated a large effect of change in fleet

composition where less efficient vessels have left the trawl sector, while the more efficient vessels

remained. Also, the vessels that fished both northern tiger and eastern king prawns have expended

about 15% more effort towards eastern king prawns since 2000. REML also highlighted computer

mapping, sonar, quad trawl gear and by-catch reduction and turtle excluder devices as important

variables contributing to increased fishing power.

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 20040.9

1

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.6

Eastern king praw ns GLM: depths combined

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 20040.9

1

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.6

Eastern king praw ns REML: depths combined


1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 20040.9

11.11.21.31.41.51.61.7

Fish

ing

pow

er (p

ropo

rtion

cha

nge

from

198

9)

GLM: depths ≤ 50fm

1988 to 20041989 to 1999 (FRDC 1999/120)

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 20040.9

11.11.21.31.41.51.61.7

REML: depths ≤ 50fm


1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 20040.9

1

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

Fishing year (November - October)

GLM: depths > 50fm

1988 to 20041989 to 1999 (FRDC 1999/120)

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 20040.9

1

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5


REML: depths > 50fm


Figure 8.5 Comparison of annual fishing power increases for eastern king prawn depth-sectors combined, deep (>50 fathoms) and shallow (≤50 fathoms) waters from the general linear model (GLM) and the mixed linear model (REML). The proportion change represents the difference from the base reference year 1989, which was set at 1. Error bars illustrate the 95% confidence intervals.


61

Table 8.5 General linear model (GLM) and linear mixed model (REML) calculated proportional change in fishing power from 1988 to 2004 for the eastern king prawn sector (shallow + deep waters). The proportion change represents the difference from the base reference year 1989, which was set at 1. Confidence intervals (CI) = 95%.


1988 1.02 1.016 1.024 1.028 1.017 1.053 1989 1 1 1 1 1 1 1990 1.072 1.067 1.077 1.053 1.036 1.073 1991 1.131 1.123 1.139 1.062 1.054 1.087 1992 1.097 1.086 1.108 1.064 1.053 1.086 1993 1.117 1.104 1.130 1.056 1.043 1.079 1994 1.100 1.084 1.116 1.092 1.081 1.117 1995 1.116 1.101 1.132 1.116 1.103 1.138 1996 1.181 1.164 1.199 1.168 1.158 1.199 1997 1.179 1.161 1.197 1.170 1.158 1.204 1998 1.152 1.134 1.170 1.157 1.139 1.186 1999 1.185 1.166 1.204 1.205 1.183 1.235 2000 1.208 1.187 1.230 1.298 1.271 1.340 2001 1.272 1.247 1.298 1.305 1.275 1.351 2002 1.313 1.285 1.344 1.384 1.350 1.436 2003 1.311 1.282 1.342 1.401 1.364 1.454 2004 1.387 1.354 1.421 1.457 1.423 1.524

Table 8.6 General linear model (GLM) and linear mixed model (REML) calculated proportional change in fishing power from 1988 to 2004 for the shallow water eastern king prawn sector (depths ≤50fm). The proportion change represents the difference from the base reference year 1989, which was set at 1. Confidence intervals (CI) = 95%.


1988 0.948 0.941 0.955 0.965 0.948 1.006 1989 1 1 1 1 1 1 1990 1.114 1.11 1.119 1.073 1.047 1.107 1991 1.188 1.181 1.194 1.111 1.096 1.152 1992 1.162 1.152 1.173 1.121 1.100 1.156 1993 1.142 1.130 1.155 1.128 1.103 1.162 1994 1.125 1.109 1.141 1.114 1.091 1.146 1995 1.163 1.146 1.180 1.149 1.123 1.182 1996 1.302 1.282 1.325 1.262 1.247 1.320 1997 1.303 1.283 1.325 1.257 1.242 1.314 1998 1.288 1.267 1.310 1.236 1.215 1.282 1999 1.324 1.302 1.347 1.290 1.261 1.340 2000 1.387 1.360 1.416 1.360 1.328 1.434 2001 1.523 1.488 1.560 1.353 1.318 1.439 2002 1.503 1.468 1.540 1.397 1.351 1.484 2003 1.470 1.436 1.505 1.403 1.358 1.484 2004 1.564 1.526 1.604 1.512 1.467 1.621


62

Table 8.7 General linear model (GLM) and linear mixed model (REML) calculated proportional change in fishing power from 1988 to 2004 for the deep water eastern king prawn sector (depths > 50fm). The proportion change represents the difference from the base reference year 1989, which was set at 1. Confidence intervals (CI) = 95%.


1988 1.023 1.019 1.026 1.012 0.994 1.028 1989 1 1 1 1 1 1 1990 1.007 1 1.014 1.018 1.003 1.032 1991 1.051 1.041 1.061 0.983 0.970 0.998 1992 1.012 1 1.023 0.978 0.966 0.991 1993 1.060 1.046 1.073 0.960 0.947 0.975 1994 1.048 1.032 1.063 1.035 1.026 1.055 1995 1.045 1.030 1.060 1.050 1.039 1.067 1996 1.039 1.023 1.055 1.045 1.030 1.062 1997 1.022 1.007 1.038 1.051 1.033 1.070 1998 1.007 0.992 1.024 1.050 1.027 1.068 1999 1.029 1.013 1.046 1.089 1.063 1.107 2000 1.068 1.048 1.088 1.195 1.162 1.221 2001 1.086 1.066 1.109 1.209 1.173 1.236 2002 1.173 1.148 1.203 1.295 1.256 1.334 2003 1.185 1.159 1.215 1.314 1.273 1.356 2004 1.202 1.174 1.233 1.357 1.313 1.403

8.6 Saucer scallops


Increases in saucer scallop fishing power were 13% from the GLM and 5% from REML comparing the

1989 and 2003 fishing years. The GLM fishing power increases were driven by engine rated power,

propeller nozzle, quad trawl with ground gear, louvre/kilfoil otter-boards, computer mapping and try net

gear. REML absorbed the fishing power effects of propeller nozzle, sonar and computer mapping

through the random vessel effects ( γ ), but engine rated power and quad trawl gear were still significant

in determining fishing power increases. REML also indicated that more nights of fishing were expended

by efficient vessels during the high catch times between 1990 and 1996. When catch rates declined

after 1996 (Figure 9.7) and with the introduction of the Queensland east coast trawl management plan in

1999/2000 the fleet profile changed to less efficient vessels. Since 2000 fishing power increases were

driven by higher engine rate powers and the use of quad and try nets.

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 20040.95

1

1.05

1.1

1.15

1.2

1.25

Fish

ing

pow

er (p

ropo

rtion

cha

nge

from

198

9)

GLM Saucer scallops


1988 to 20041989 to 1999 (FRDC 1999/120)

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 20040.95

1

1.05

1.1

1.15

1.2

1.25

REML Saucer scallops



Figure 8.6 Comparison of annual fishing power increases for saucer scallops as calculated from the general linear model (GLM) and the mixed linear model (REML). The proportion change represents the difference from the base reference year 1989, which was set at 1. Error bars illustrate the 95% confidence intervals.


63

Table 8.8 General linear model (GLM) and linear mixed model (REML) calculated proportional change in fishing power from 1988 to 2004 for the saucer scallop sector. The proportion change represents the difference from the base reference year 1989, which was set at 1. Confidence intervals (CI) = 95%.


1988 0.991 0.987 0.995 0.975 0.958 0.994 1989 1 1 1 1 1 1 1990 1.029 1.024 1.034 1.025 1.012 1.038 1991 1.022 1.014 1.030 1.036 1.018 1.051 1992 1.005 0.995 1.016 1.038 1.021 1.059 1993 1.037 1.025 1.050 1.036 1.014 1.055 1994 1.032 1.019 1.045 1.059 1.039 1.084 1995 1.029 1.016 1.043 1.037 1.015 1.061 1996 1.065 1.050 1.081 1.082 1.059 1.112 1997 1.059 1.044 1.076 1.031 1.007 1.058 1998 1.054 1.039 1.072 1.020 0.995 1.046 1999 1.058 1.043 1.076 1.014 0.992 1.045 2000 1.098 1.081 1.117 1.029 1.003 1.060 2001 1.145 1.125 1.167 1.065 1.035 1.104 2002 1.154 1.124 1.185 1.080 1.041 1.125 2003 1.132 1.101 1.164 1.054 1.017 1.103 2004 1.198 1.165 1.234 1.149 1.102 1.202

64

9 Standardised catch rates 1988 to 2004

This section presents the monthly standardised-catch-rates and their comparison against the trawl

management plan review events. The review events were established for each trawl sector in 1999

when the Queensland east coast otter trawl management plan was drafted (QECTMP 2001). The review

events were defined as and triggered if catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE = catch rate) for the target species

was less than 70% of the average CPUE from 1988 to 1997. The review periods for the target species

relevant to this publication were:

1. Tiger prawns — 1 March to 30 June (red markers on figures) or 1 September to 31 December

(blue markers).

2. Red spot king prawns — 1 June to 30 September (red markers).

3. Eastern king prawns — 1 November to the end of February (red markers) or 1 May to 31

August (blue markers).

4. Saucer scallops — 1 November to the end of February (red markers).

The background and ambiguities of these review events are not discussed in this document (O'Neill et

al. 2005), but are reported against the standardised catches for completeness. No catch rate review

events are defined for endeavour prawns or eastern king prawns in New South Wales. In addition no

definitions are provided in the management plan to guide what constitutes a review event trigger. Only

simple interpretations of the review events are provided herein.

The following paragraphs summarise the catch rates predicted from the general linear model (GLM)

and/or liner mixed model (REML). Note on the catch rate figures that: 1) the gaps between some

months correspond either to the northern seasonal closure (15 December to 1 March) or the southern

seasonal closure (20 September to 1 November), 2) the smoothing splines are included for illustrative

purposes only to indicate the annual trends in catch-rates, and 3) the dotted lines illustrate the

standardised 70% catch rate review periods within each fishing year.


65

Northern tiger prawns (Figure 9.1)

The analysis showed strong consistent seasonal declines in catch rates (fishing year and month

interaction) from March to November. No significant increasing or decreasing trends in annual catch

rates were evident between 1988 and 2004, except the four year marginal increase from 2001 to 2004.

The highest catch rates were typically taken in March. Catch rates were lowest in the 2000 fishing year

where the 70% review event was equalled or exceeded. The results from both the GLM and REML

analyses were alike.

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 20040

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160Northern tiger praw ns GLM

Fishing year

Cat

ch-p

er-v

esse

l day

(kg)

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 20040

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160Northern tiger praw ns REML

Fishing year

Cat

ch-p

er-v

esse

l day

(kg)

Figure 9.1 Average monthly standardised catch rates of tiger prawns from north Queensland waters.


66

Northern endeavour prawns (Figure 9.2)

The seasonal pattern of declining catch rates for northern endeavour prawns was less consistent than

tiger prawns. Catch rates typically stayed high in the first half of the fishing year and then declined

through to November. The GLM showed more of a decline in annual catch-rates from 1988 to 2001 than

REML. The REML analysis showed no increasing or decreasing trend in annual catch rates over fishing

years. The variation between these analyses was due to the different estimated fishing power

schedules. The GLM estimated higher annual fishing power increases and therefore calculated a slight

decline in catch rates. REML estimated smaller increases in annual fishing power and therefore more

stable catch rates.

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 20040

20

40

60

80

100

120Northern endeavour praw ns GLM

Fishing year

Cat

ch-p

er-v

esse

l day

(kg)

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 20040

20

40

60

80

100

120Northern endeavour praw ns REML

Fishing year

Cat

ch-p

er-v

esse

l day

(kg)

Figure 9.2 Average monthly standardised catch rates of endeavour prawns from north Queensland waters.


67

Southern tiger prawns (Figure 9.3)

As for northern tiger prawns, southern tiger prawns exhibited a strong seasonal pattern of declining

catch rates from March to November. The overall annual trend in catch rates was similar to northern

tiger prawns, with increased catch rates between 2002 and 2004. Catch rates in 2000 were calculated

equal or below the 70% review event. Both the GLM and REML analyses produced similar trends in

catch rates.

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 20040

20

40

60

80

100

120Southern tiger praw ns GLM

Fishing year

Cat

ch-p

er-v

esse

l day

(kg)

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 20040

20

40

60

80

100

120Southern tiger praw ns REML

Fishing year

Cat

ch-p

er-v

esse

l day

(kg)

Figure 9.3 Average monthly standardised catch rates of southern tiger prawns from central Queensland waters.


68

Red spot king prawns (Figure 9.4)

As was found with northern endeavour prawns and for the same fishing power reason, red spot king

prawn catch-rates across the fishing years were estimated to have declined more in the GLM compared

with REML. Both analyses calculated the 1999 and 2000 fishing-year catch-rates to be below the 70%

review event. Annual catch rates since 2000 have increased. Within fishing years catch rates of red spot

king prawns were higher over the late autumn and winter months (April to August).

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 20040

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

220Red spot king praw ns GLM

Fishing year

Cat

ch-p

er-v

esse

l day

(kg)

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 20040

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

220Red spot king praw ns REML

Fishing year

Cat

ch-p

er-v

esse

l day

(kg)

Figure 9.4 Average monthly standardised catch rates of red spot king prawns from central Queensland waters.


69

Eastern king prawns (Queensland Figure 9.5; New South Wales Table 4.2 and Figure 9.6)

Catch rates of eastern king prawns from Queensland and New South Wales waters had similar

seasonal patterns with higher catch rates from January to May. Across the fishing years Queensland’s

annual catch rates declined between 1988 and 1994, stabilised between 1995 and 2000, then increased

between 2001 and 2004. Queensland’s catch rates in 2000 were close to 70% review event.

Queensland’s calculated trend in annual catch rates was similar between the GLM and REML.

For New South Wales eastern king prawns, standardised catch rates could only be estimated by

adjusting for the random vessel with vessel and fishing year interaction. The variance components

indicated a large source of variation in catch between vessels and within vessels across fishing years.

The logarithm of monthly fishing effort by each vessel also explained a large source of variation in

monthly catches. Overall, New South Wales annual catch rates showed a decline between 1989 and

1997 and since 1998 catch rates had increased. However, a more detailed standardisation including

sufficient capture system variables (e.g. vessel engine rate power, net types etc) is required to confirm

the true increase in catch rates since 1998, as the catch rates could partially be driven by fishing power

increases that were not captured by the current REML variables. The decline in the 2004 catch rate

should be monitored to see if it was consistent across both states as it may be a result of the record

harvests taken between 2001 and 2003 (Figure 5.6).

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 20040

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180Eastern king praw ns GLM

Fishing year

Cat

ch-p

er-v

esse

l day

(kg)

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 20040

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180Eastern king praw ns REML

Fishing year

Cat

ch-p

er-v

esse

l day

(kg)

Figure 9.5 Average monthly standardised catch rates of eastern king prawns from Queensland waters.


70

Table 9.1 Linear mixed model (REML) analysis of eastern king prawns harvested from New South Wales waters.

REML NSW eastern king prawns Model description: section 4.3.2; Goodness of fit plots: Appendix 14.6.5 Estimated Variance Components (s.e.) vessel 0.8355 (0.0687) vessel.fishyear 0.1810 (0.0065) Residual variance (s.e.) 0.4420 (0.0041); Residual degrees of freedom (d.f) = 27601 Fixed term Wald statistic d.f. Wald/d.f Chi-square probability

Area 173.08 8 21.64 <0.001

Fishing-year.month 1760.15 213 8.26 <0.001 Loge(fishing effort) 13740.12 1 13740.12 <0.001

1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500New South Wales easten king praw ns REML

Fishing year

Cat

ch-p

er-v

esse

l mon

th (k

g)

Figure 9.6 Average monthly standardised catch-rates of eastern king prawns (kilograms per standard vessel month) from New South Wales waters. The average number of days fished per vessel month was 10 days (geometric mean = 8 days).


71

Saucer scallops (Figure 9.7, Figure 9.8 and Figure 9.9)

Annual catch rates for saucer scallops showed a downward trend between 1988 and 1997, but were

stable from 1998. Catch rates were highest in 1988 and 1993 with in excess of 20 baskets per vessel

day taken on average. Catch rates averaged only six baskets in 1997, below the 70% review event.

Notable spikes in catch rates have occurred in February 2001 and January 2002 to 2004. This

corresponded to the rotational opening of the spatial scallop closures. Also of note was that catch rates

in five out of the seven fishing years since 1998 were equivalent the 70% review event. Spatially the

annual standardised catch rates for the logbook grids S28, T30 and V32, which include the spatial

scallop closed areas, showed stable catch rates in recent fishing years. However, the logbook grids T28,

T29, U31, U32 and V31 showed a continued declined in annual catch rates between 1988 and 2003.

Scallop annual catch rates east of Fraser Island south to Noosa were quite variable showing no trends.

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 20040

5

10

15

20

25

30Saucer scallops GLM

Fishing year

Cat

ch-p

er-v

esse

l day

(bas

kets

)

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 20040

5

10

15

20

25

30Saucer scallops REML

Fishing year

Cat

ch-p

er-v

esse

l day

(bas

kets

)

Figure 9.7 Average monthly standardised catch rates of saucer scallops from Queensland waters.


72

0

10

20

30S28

0

10

20

30S29

0

10

20

30S30

0

20

40T28

0

10

20

30T29

Cat

ch-p

er-v

esse

l day

(bas

kets

)

0

10

20

30T30

0

10

20

30T31

0

10

20U30

0

10

20

30U31

0

10

20

30U32

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 20040

10

20

30V31

Fishing year1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 20040

10

20

30V32

Fishing year

Figure 9.8 Average annual standardised catch rates of saucer scallops from each 30 x 30 minute logbook grid between Rockhampton and Hervey Bay.

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 20042

4

6

8

10

12

14

16W32

Cat

ch-p

er-v

esse

l day

(bas

kets

)

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 20042

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18W33

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 20040

5

10

15

20

25

30W34

Fishing year

Cat

ch-p

er-v

esse

l day

(bas

kets

)

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 20044

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22W35

Fishing year

Figure 9.9 Average annual standardised catch rates of saucer scallops from each 30 x 30 minute logbook grid east of Fraser Island south to Noosa in southern Queensland.

73

10 Historical catch rates prior to 1988 This chapter documents historical information on prawn and scallop catch rates in Queensland prior to

the implementation of the compulsory catch logbooks in January 1988. In order to better understand the

status of each trawled stock, current catch rates (1988 to 2004) were compared with early baseline

catch rates when stock sizes were thought to be less exploited. The catch rates presented here were

analysed separately to the 1988-2004 QFISH data. This was undesirable, but further work is required to

normalise vessel identifiers between the historical and QFISH databases before they can be analysed

together. Nevertheless, the simple contrast in trends provided between pre and post 1988 catch rates

are worthy of note.

The following paragraphs summarise the pre 1988 standardised catch rates as calculated from a linear

mixed model (REML). Note on the catch rate figures below that: 1) the gaps between some months

corresponded either to a paucity of data or the northern seasonal closure (15 December to 1 March) and

2) the smoothing spline was included to illustrate annual trends in catch-rates. Catches of red spot king

prawns were not analysed due to the paucity of data. Standardised residuals from all REML analyses

showed that the models were adequate for describing the data (Appendix 14.7).

Northern tiger prawns

The most significant source of variation to standardise daily catch rates was to adjust for the number of

hours fished by each vessel (loge parameter estimate = 1.015, standard error = 0.0108, Wald statistic =

8789.52; Table 10.1). Calculated catch rates from the fishing-year.month interaction were much higher

in the early 1970’s compared with the 1980’s (Figure 10.1) and also compared with catch rates between

1988 and 2004 (Figure 9.1). Reasonable quantities of data with vessel identifiers, fishing times

and fishing areas were available for analysis between 1970 and 1973 and between 1981 and 1987

(Table 14.64). However, the paucity of data between 1974 and 1980 clouded the interpretation of the

highly variable catch rates for these fishing years.

Table 10.1 Linear mixed model (REML) analysis of northern tiger prawn daily catches prior to 1988.

Model description: section 4.3.3; Goodness of fit plots: Appendix 14.7.1 Estimated Variance Components (s.e.) vessel 0.0514 (0.0094) vessel.fishing-year 0.0603 (0.0063) Residual variance (s.e.) 0.178 (0.0019); Residual degrees of freedom (d.f) = 17330 Fixed term Wald statistic d.f. Wald/d.f Chi-square probability Grid 2170.56 12 180.88 <0.001

Fishing-year.month 1548.57 133 11.64 <0.001

Loge(hours trawled) 8789.52 1 8789.52 <0.001


74

1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 19870

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400Northern tiger prawns REML

Fishing year

Cat

ch-p

er-v

esse

l day

(kg)

Figure 10.1 Average monthly standardised catch rates of northern tiger prawns between 1970 and 1987.

Northern endeavour prawns

The analysis and results of historical endeavour prawn catches were similar to northern tiger prawns.

The most significant adjustment in the analysis was the correction of catch rates for the different number

of hours fished each vessel-day (loge parameter estimate = 0.9092, standard error = 0.0170, Wald

statistic = 2867.51; Table 10.2). The overall trend in catch rates between 1970 and 1987 was stable

(Figure 10.2) and comparable to catch rates between 1988 and 2004 (Figure 9.2). The highly variable

catch rates calculated between 1973 and 1979 were associated with limited data (Table 14.65).

Table 10.2 Linear mixed model (REML) analysis of northern endeavour prawn daily catches prior to 1988.





75

1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 19870

20

40

60

80

100

120

140Northern endeavour prawns REML

Fishing year

Cat

ch-p

er-v

esse

l day

(kg)

Figure 10.2 Average monthly standardised catch rates of northern endeavour prawns between 1970 and 1987.

Southern tiger prawns

For southern tiger prawns the estimated variance components were much larger than the other target

species and indicated more contrast in catch rates between fishing vessels (Table 10.3). The variance

components may have indicated more fishing power change between 1968 and 1987 than compared

with northern tiger and endeavour prawns. Adjustment for the number of hours fished per vessel-day

was essential to standardised catch rates (loge parameter estimate = 0.9212, standard error = 0.0125,

Wald statistic = 5455.16;Table 10.3). The spread and quantity of data through time was more complete

than for northern tiger and endeavour prawns and the calculated catch rates showed an annual decline

between 1968 and 1987 (Table 14.66; Figure 10.3). Catch rates from pre and post 1988 data sets were

difficult to compare for southern tiger prawns as the results were probably scaled to different average

vessel fishing power.

Table 10.3 Linear mixed model (REML) analysis of southern tiger prawns daily catches prior to 1988.





76

1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 19870

20

40

60

80

100

120Southern tiger prawns REML

Fishing year

Cat

ch-p

er-v

esse

l day

(kg)

Figure 10.3 Average monthly standardised catch rates of southern tiger prawns between 1970 and 1987.

Eastern king prawns

Catch rates for eastern king prawns between 1969 and 1987 exhibited a gradual decline (Figure 10.4;

Table 10.4). Limited data resulted in the time gap between 1981 and 1983. Catch rates pre and post

1988 appeared similarly scaled, but again different average fishing powers between analyses would

mask any long term trends (Figure 9.5).

Table 10.4 Linear mixed model (REML) analysis of eastern king prawn daily catches prior to 1988.



1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 19870

50

100

150

200

250

300Eastern king prawns REML

Fishing year

Cat

ch-p

er-v

esse

l day

(kg)

Figure 10.4 Average monthly standardised catch rates of eastern king prawns between 1970 and 1987.


77

Saucer scallops

The residual variance for saucer scallop catch rates was large compared with the other pre 1988

analyses (Table 10.5). Relatively high catch rates were estimated in the fishing years of 1977–1978 and

1982–1984 (Figure 10.5). Three consecutive lower catching years followed between 1979–1981 and

1985–1987. The next high catching years occurred in 1988 and 1993, with a four year in between period

of lower catch rates (Figure 9.7). This three-to-four year cycle has not occurred since 1993, since when

low catch rates have prevailed. The great contrast in catch rates between pre and post 1998 is of

management significance but should be tempered in consideration of different fishing powers between

analyses, management changes and acknowledgement that pre 1994 harvests possibly consisted of

larger sized and aged scallops.

Table 10.5 Linear mixed model (REML) analysis of saucer scallop daily catches prior to 1988.



1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 19870

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Saucer scallop REML

Fishing year

Cat

ch-p

er-v

esse

l day

(bas

kets

)

Figure 10.5 Average monthly standardised catch rates of saucer scallops between 1970 and 1987.

78

11 Fishery independent surveys Catch-rate statistics derived from a fishery are often criticised because of problems owing to efficiency

and behaviour changes in fishing through time. Many of these issues have been addressed through the

standardisations, but there is still a need to verify the catch rates against independent data. In this

chapter fishery independent catch indices were calculated for comparison with standardised catch rates

from the fishery. The results highlight some discrepancies, some of which were related to weakness in

the fishery independent survey designs.

11.1 Tiger and endeavour prawns

11.1.1 Data and analysis

Fishery-independent recruitment surveys of prawns in northern Queensland were conducted between

1998 and 2002 during late February to early March (Turnbull et al. 2004; Turnbull et al. 2005). All

surveys used the Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries 18-metre research trawler the

‘Gwendoline May’. The surveys were designed to produce standardised catch rates of commercial

prawns by using, where possible, the same vessel, trawl nets, time of the season, lunar phase and site

locations. The survey aimed to minimise the variation in catch rates due to vessel/sampling effects and

produce a relative annual index of changes in the recruitment of tiger and endeavour prawns. As the

catch rates were recorded just prior to the opening of the northern trawl season, they provided

independent information on recruitment levels at the start of the season. The timing of the survey each

year was as close as possible to the new moon. The survey sites were fixed and chosen to represent

areas subject to high or moderate fishing pressure. These sites were representative of the spatial area

of commercial trawling (Figure 11.1). More sites were established in areas of high fishing effort than

areas of low fishing effort. The Torres Strait sites were excluded as they relate to the Torres Strait

protected zone (TSPZ). A quad gear configuration consisting of 4 by 4 fathom nets was used to trawl

one nautical mile at each sample site. Two of the nets were constructed of a fine mesh (32 mm mesh

knot to knot — this is below legal size for commercial nets) to maximise the catches of sub-adult

prawns. The other two nets were of commercial mesh size (51 mm mesh) to provide the data needed to

estimate the proportion of the two tiger prawn and endeavour prawn species in the commercial catch at

the start of the season. The outer nets on each side of the vessel were fine mesh nets. In 2000, bycatch

reduction and turtle excluder devices were introduced in two of the quad-gear nets. Their net positions

alternated each year.


79

Figure 11.1 The left hand map shows the fishery independent survey sites. The sites located in the Torres Strait were excluded. The right hand map shows the average distribution of historical fishing effort between 1991 and 2000.

The northern tiger and endeavour prawn survey catches were analysed through a generalised linear

model (McCullagh and Nelder, 1989). The species brown tiger prawn (Penaeus esculentus) and blue

endeavour prawn (Metapenaeus endeavouri) were analysed separately. The response variable was

based on the combined quad-gear catch (numbers of prawns). The focus of the analysis was to

estimate the change in average catch rates between years for a recruitment index. The sampling sites

were considered as blocking terms. Four strata were used to apply statistical weights (proportions)

(Table 11.1). These weights were to account for the spatial size of each area of sampling. They were

calculated by totalling the number of 6 x 6 minute spatial logbook grids related to each area with

average annual fishing effort for tiger prawns greater than four days. In total 22 out of the 248 trawls

were not fully effective due to some nets catching large sharks, rays, sponges, or general problems with

the way specific nets fished. In these instances the combined catch from between one and three nets of

the quad-gear were still reliable. Therefore, the number of nets for each trawl was used as a covariate.

In addition to this complication, prior analysis showed that the introduction of bycatch reduction devices

and turtle excluders significantly affected prawn catches. This influence was included as an offset. The

combined effect of the bycatch reduction devices and turtle excluders was calculated by:

⎟⎟⎠

⎞⎜⎜⎝

⎛ +=

i

nbbei n

nnoffset βlog ,

where i represents individual trawls, nb was the number of nets with bycatch reduction devices and turtle

excluders in trawl i, β was the proportional combined effect of bycatch reduction devices and turtle

excluders (exponent of the parameter estimate), nnb was the number of nets with no bycatch reduction


80

device and turtle excluder in trawl i, and ni was the effective nets in trawl i (maximum = 4). Offseti was

equal to one for trawls with no bycatch reduction devices and turtle excluders.

The final model specification was:

( ) εμ ++++= yearnetssitecatchlog

where μ was a scalar parameter for the overall mean, log indicated a logarithm link function and ε was

the error term. The statistical software package Genstat 6 (2002) was used to carry out the analysis and

provide asymptotic standard errors for all estimates. The analysis of residuals supported the use of the

negative binomial distribution (Figure 11.3 and Table 11.2). The negative binomial parameter k was

significantly different from zero and not large; ∞→k generates the Poisson distribution where mean =

μ and variance = μ+ μ2/k.

Table 11.1 The survey data were weighted proportionally according to the number of 6 minute logbook grids with average annual fishing effort for tiger prawns >=5 days.

Strata Latitude Longitude Logbook ½ degree grid

Description Number of 6 minute

grids

Spatial area (proportion)

1 –11 143 B4 B5 C4 C5 North of green zone 24 0.226415

2 –12.5 143.25 C6 C7 C8 D8 Margaret Bay to Night Island 25 0.235849

3 –14 144 D9 D10 D11 E11 Hay Island to Bathurst Bay 37 0.349057

4 –14.75 145.25 F11 G12 G13 Nobel Island to Flattery 20 0.188679

11.1.2 Recruitment index

The number of brown tiger or blue endeavour prawns retained in each trawl at each site was used as

the response variable to calculate an independent index of recruitment. As the survey was conducted at

the very beginning of the fishing year and approximately six months after the spring spawning period for

tiger prawns, most of the tiger prawns could be considered as recruits to the fishery. This index was

compared with fishery-based standardised catch-rates from March in each year (Figure 11.2). The trend

in survey catch-rates for brown tiger and blue-endeavour prawns generally correlated with the fishery-

based standardised catch-rates from March. However, the variation in survey catch-rates from year to

year was much greater in comparison to the fishery catch rates. Both the survey and fishery catch-rates

showed that March tiger prawn abundance was higher in 1998 and 1999 than between 2000 and 2002.

For endeavour prawns, both the fishery and survey catch-rates were lowest in 2000. The estimated

variances on survey catch rates were large with the 95% confidence intervals typically ranging 60–80%.

The effects of the bycatch reduction and turtle excluder device on the survey results were significant and

allowed for in the analyses (Table 11.3). Overall the survey catch rates tended to mirror the fishery

standardised catch rates. This provided confidence in the trends produced from the fishery-based data.

However, the large year to year variation and confidence intervals calculated on the survey catch rates

suggested the number of trawls conducted each year were insufficient (i.e. had low statistical power).

Another analysis using survey prawn weights (kg) produced very similar results as compared to the

numbers analysed.


81

1998 1999 2000 2001 20020

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

Fishing year

Rel

ativ

e st

anda

rdis

ed c

atch

rat

e (p

ropo

rtion

sca

led

to 1

in 2

001) Northern tiger prawns

Sector catch rate in March (REML)Survey index and 95%CI

1998 1999 2000 2001 20020

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2

Fishing year


Figure 11.2 Comparison of indices from the March standardised catch rates (REML analysis) for the northern tiger and endeavour prawn sectors and the fishery-independent survey.

Table 11.2 Analysis of deviance statistics for modelling the survey catch rates.

Model statistics Brown tiger prawn Blue endeavour prawn Residual deviance 73.62 68.53 Residual degrees of freedom 192 192 Adjusted R2 based on deviance 0.399 0.488 Negative binomial parameter k (se) 1.9101 (0.1766) 2.1413 (0.1931)


82

-2.5 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.50

5

10

15

20

25

Standardised Residuals

Freq

uenc

y

Tiger prawn

-2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.50

5

10

15

20

25

30

Standardised Residuals

Freq

uenc

y

Endeavour prawn

1 2 3 4 5 6-3

-2

-1

0

1

2Fitted Values

Loge predicted catches

Sta

ndar

dise

d re

sidu

als

1 2 3 4 5 6 7-2

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5Fitted Values

Loge predicted catches

Sta

ndar

dise

d re

sidu

als

-2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1

0.0030.01 0.02 0.05 0.10 0.25

0.50

0.75 0.90 0.95 0.98 0.99 0.997

Standardised residuals

Pro

babi

lity

Normality plot

-1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5

0.0030.01 0.02 0.05 0.10 0.25

0.50

0.75 0.90 0.95 0.98 0.99 0.997

Standardised residuals

Pro

babi

lity

Normality plot

Figure 11.3 Standardised residuals from the brown tiger and blue endeavour prawn analyses. First row of plots: histogram of standardised residuals, second row of plots: fitted values and standardised residuals and third row of plots: linear normality curves.

Table 11.3 Parameter estimates for the effect of bycatch reduction and turtle excluder devices (brd/ted) on survey catches. The analyses modelled prawn numbers, assumed a negative binomial distribution and logarithm link. The interaction of fishing-year.trawl-site was used as blocking terms. se — standard error.

Analysis Output Brown tiger prawn Residual deviance 614.0 Residual degrees of freedom 424 Adjusted R2 based on deviance 0.834 Negative binomial parameter k (se) 36.3629 (9.8762) Loge brd/ted effect (se); t-value; p-value –0.0629 (0.0325); –1.94;

0.053 Blue endeavour prawn Residual deviance 594.3 Residual degrees of freedom 424 Adjusted R2 based on deviance 0.88 Negative binomial parameter k (se) 24.0121 (3.1591) Loge brd/ted effect (se); t-value; p-value –0.0725 (0.0276); –2.63;

0.009


83

11.2 Saucer scallops

11.2.1 Data and analysis

In this section saucer scallop commercial catch rates were compared with fishery-independent survey

catch rates. The November commercial catch rates were standardised in the REML analysis across

logbook grids (chapter 1). The survey catch rates in October were standardised for the years 1997 to

2004 (O'Sullivan S. et al. 2006). Data since 2001 were not presented due to the change in survey

objectives to monitor only saucer scallops within the small closed areas (not the fishery).

Between 1997 and 2000, survey sites covered the main commercial saucer scallop logbook grids

(= survey strata; Figure 14.5). Survey trawls were optimally allocated to these strata based on their

levels of commercial catch and effort. This optimal allocation to each stratum varied annually. Each

year’s survey took place in mid-October prior to the first fishing peak in November. A single trawl of

20 minutes was carried out at each survey site. All scallops were counted from each trawl.

Average catch-rates of saucer scallops per stratum per survey were standardised through a series of

linear models. Standardisations were necessary due to changes in gear and boats that occurred through

time. In this process the initial step was to analyse data from the TED and BRD experiment data

collected in 2001. Following this, vessels were calibrated (standardised) to account for their variations.

For more details on the sampling and standardisation process see O’Sullivan S. et al (2006).

11.2.2 Catch rates

Unfortunately the standardised commercial and survey catch-rates did not correlate particularly well

(Figure 11.4). Only catch rates from the following stratum and year combinations mirrored each other —

• S29 (1997, 1999 and 2000)

• T28 (1997 and 2000)

• T29 (1997 and 2000)

• T30 (1997, 1998 and 2000)

• V32 (1997 and 2000)

The reason for the inconsistencies in other stratum and years was probably due to the differences in

analyses. The survey analysis was based on numbers of saucer scallop of all sizes caught from prawn

nets. The commercial analysis was based on baskets of legal sized scallop (≥95 mm) caught from

scallop nets and did not calculate the full three-way interaction between fishing year, month and logbook

grid (due to 3000 + parameters). In addition to these differences, the two to four week lag in data may

further contribute to the discrepancies. The similarity in relative catch rates in some stratum and years

provided some confidence in the consistency of the commercial catch trends. However, a more detailed

analysis should be conducted by the DPI&F Fisheries business group to standardise survey catches

using legal sized scallops or scallops from the 1+ cohort. These results should improve verifying the

trends in commercial catch rates.


84

1997 1998 1999 20000

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3S28

Survey indexSector catch rate in November (REML)

1997 1998 1999 20000

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3S29

1997 1998 1999 20000

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3T28

1997 1998 1999 20000

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3T29

Rel

ativ

e st

anda

rdis

ed c

atch

rate

(pro

porti

on s

cale

d to

1 in

200

0

1997 1998 1999 20000

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3T30

1997 1998 1999 20000

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3U30

1997 1998 1999 20000

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3U31

1997 1998 1999 20000

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3V31

Fishing year1997 1998 1999 2000

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3V32

Figure 11.4 Comparison of indices from the November standardised catch rates (REML analysis) for the saucer scallops and the fishery-independent survey (mid-October).

85

12 Discussion

12.1 Trawl vessel gear and technology changes

Chapter 1 quantified the rates of adoption of influential technical and vessel changes affecting trawl

fishing power over the past 17 years (1988–2004). Similar studies were undertaken by Brunenmeister

(1981) for the United States shrimp stocks in the Gulf and Mexico, Chifamba (1995) for the Lake Kariba

sardine fishery in Zimbabwe, Bishop and Sterling (1999) and Dichmont et al (2003) for Australia’s

Northern Prawn Fishery and O’Neill et al (2003 and 2005) for Queensland’s east coast and Torres Strait

trawl fisheries.

Brunenmeister (1981) examined change in five vessel characteristics; gross tonnage, vessel length,

horsepower, net number and average net size. Chifamba (1995) examined vessel mobility, engine type

and horsepower, echo sounder, radio usage, winch type, net diameter and depth, the type number and

wattage of underwater lights and interestingly the insurance value of the vessel. Bishop and Sterling

(1999) and Dichmont et al (2003) sought information from fishers on vessel and trawl gear

specifications, BRD and TED usage, searching capabilities including deployment of spotter planes, fleet

cooperation factors, navigational equipment and factors affecting the swept area of the trawl gear. The

most recent of these reports documented that 70% of the fleet were vessels greater than 20 metres in

length (mean = 22 metres) with an average engine power in the order of 400–470 HP, average trawl

speed of 3.2 knots, average propeller diameter of 64 inches and that all vessels typically use double

gear with bison otter boards. These vessels adopted global positioning systems between 1989 and 1992

and computer mapping software and satellite phones in 1997. The survey by O’Neill et al (2005) and

O’Neill et al (2003) found that the Torres Strait trawl fleet was more technically advanced than vessels

working in Queensland waters, but less than vessels operating in the Australian Northern Prawn

Fishery. For example, Torres Strait vessels had consistently been larger, with greater fuel consumption,

more powerful engines, gearboxes and propellers and greater average steaming and trawl speeds than

Queensland’s east coast vessels. O’Neill et al (2005) suggested that some technologies were

introduced into the Queensland fishery ‘via the top end’, possibly from multi endorsed

(Queensland/Torres Strait/Northern Prawn Fishery) vessels, and progressively adopted over time in the

southern scallop and eastern king prawn trawl sectors. Also in recent years effort from the north

Queensland trawl sectors had been displaced south into the saucer scallop and eastern king prawn

sectors as a result of vessels fishing more wisely with their effort allocations.

While the trawl gear and technology database was updated early in 2004 and the most influential

technologies appear to have been considered in the present study. It is important to acknowledge that

some influences may not yet be identified and that new technologies will continue to be invented and

adopted into the future. The continued collection of data on changing vessels characteristics every year

is recommended. If this is to be done through compulsory logbook ‘gear sheets’, cross validation of the

gear-sheet data is required relative to survey data before future analyses are done. Further historical

logbook data is needed to document how the number of hours fished per vessel day has changed. It is

also of great importance to build upon the amount of historical gear and technology information prior to


86

1988, to allow estimates of annual fishing power changes and to standardise catch rates across

all years (e.g. 1970–2004; historical pre 1988 data + compulsory logbook data ≥1988). Standardising

catch rates across all years is crucial in determining the status of each trawl sector and to estimating

fishing power.

The results from the gear and technology data confirm that significant changes in vessel characteristics,

fishing gear, navigation and communication have taken place over the last 17 years. The adoption of

global positioning systems, computer mapping softwares and turtle excluder and bycatch reduction

devices are nearing 100%. Several technologies (e.g. new propeller designs) can still be adopted by the

trawl fleet. More improvements in some fleet characteristics, such as average engine rated horsepower

and the number of vessels fishing with trawl quad-nets, can still be achieved. These items are likely to

contribute significantly to further increases in fishing power. New technologies will always emerge and

be adopted in the future. In addition, each trawl sector’s fleet composition will change and therefore the

fleet’s fishing power will change.

A further point to discuss in relation to fishing power was that some of the technological adoptions did

not relate to expected higher or lower catches. This was surprising given the dramatic trends in the

technical adoptions described in chapter 1. This was difficult to explain other than to state that

estimating fishing power was a complex function and depended on the range of different vessels fishing.

It should be remembered that the results in Table 7.1 and Table 7.2 were a function of the vessels

fishing in each of the defined sectors. Some parameter coefficients could be viewed as unexpected, but

made sense considering the range of different vessels fishing each sector and the combined effects of

certain vessel gear items may be important. The following paragraphs discuss why certain vessel

characteristics and technologies did not increase fishing power.

When global positioning systems (GPS) were combined with plotter usage they were found to be

positively associated with catches in four out of the six sectors (northern and southern tiger, endeavour

and red spot king prawns). The parameter estimates for GPS and plotters from both tiger prawn sectors

were very similar to those estimated by Robins (1998) and Bishop (2000). However, GPS and plotters

had non-significant or slight negative effects on catches in the eastern king prawn and scallop sectors.

The reasons why no statistically positive effect was apparent in the eastern king prawn and scallop

sectors were unclear, but may be due to some unique features of these species and their fisheries. For

example, eastern king prawns are much more migratory than tiger/endeavour prawns, occur in much

greater depths and are generally fished along narrow depth contours (Figure 14.4). Some of these

features may have lowered the significance of GPS and plotters in this particular fishery. The saucer

scallop fishing grounds were smaller than other sectors and the skill to find patches of scallop were

probably less dependent on using GPS.

Figure 6.13 showed that fishing with try gear was very common (~90-100%) in the tiger and endeavour

prawn sectors and positive associations with catch were estimated. However, red-spot and eastern king

prawn catches were negatively associated with try-gear. The result for eastern king prawns probably

related to the drop in try-gear use in deep waters since 2000. The result for red spot king prawns

probably related to the variable use of try-gear.


87

The effects of BRDs and TEDs on the catches of target species can be highly variable and it is not

uncommon in the scientific literature to find examples of positive effects of BRDs on target species catch

rates. The results showed that in four of the six sectors examined (the non-tiger prawn sectors), BRDs

and TEDs had positive effects on catches. Examples where BRDs have had a positive effect on catches

of target species include Rogers et al (1997), Broadhurst and Kennelly (1997) and Steele et al (2002).

Recent research results published in ‘Queensland Fisherman’ also described slight increases in the

catches of scallops from certain combinations of BRDs (Courtney and Campbell 2003).

The consistent negative relationship between trawl speed and catch in the red spot king prawn and

saucer scallop sectors was unexpected. For red spot king prawns, average trawl speed usually varies at

most about ½ knot between vessels. So the negative relationship was a result of comparing catches

across the range of optimal trawl speeds. For saucer scallops, higher catch rates and fishing power

were associated with slower average trawl speeds of about 2.3 knots. At greater speeds, catch rates of

scallops would be expected to decline. This was in marked contrast to the northern prawn sectors,

where higher catches were taken at speeds of about 3 knots. Nonlinear polynomial or spline

relationships may better reveal the optimum range of average trawl speeds for catching red spot king

prawns and saucer scallops, but would unnecessarily complicate analyses.

One component of fishing power that was not possible to assess was skipper skill. Improved skipper

knowledge of fishing over time can increase a vessel’s fishing power with no change in equipment. To

properly quantify the improvement in fisher skill it would be necessary to consider the number of years,

or the cumulative number of nights that fishers have operated. Another related matter is that the

acquisition of new equipment by some operators may benefit all operators, for example by all vessels

being better at locating patches of saucer scallops. These issues of improved skipper skill and modified

fishing behaviour according to other vessels may cause calculations of fishing power to be under-

estimates. The degree of this under-estimation is uncertain. However, Bishop et al (2004) showed for

Australia’s Northern Prawn Fishery that if sufficient capture-system-variables (e.g., engine size, net size

etc) were included in the analysis (as we have done), the effectiveness of skipper skill was non-

significant or minimal. This does not suggest that skipper skill, organisational capacity, sense of fishing

location or experience are not important, but rather that if the analysis includes a sufficient number of

capture-system-variables, the analysis can produce robust estimates of fishing power and standardised

catch rates.

12.2 Fishing power and standardised catch rates

Implications

Fishing power of the Queensland east coast trawl fishery had significant rates of increase between 1988

and 2004. Overall the analyses show that annual changes in prawn trawl fishing power were influenced

mostly by changing fleet profile (vessels changing the number of days they fish in each trawl sector),

vessel power (engine rated power and propeller nozzles) and technology (sonar, global positioning

systems, and computer mapping) factors. Net configurations were more important than technology

factors in determining saucer scallop fishing power. The effects of standardising average catch rates

according to changes in average annual fishing power were significant. For example, if 1989 catch rates


88

were standardised to 2003 fishing power they would be higher compared to the observed nominal catch

rates in 1989. This effect is crucial for stock assessments using catch rates. Wang and Die (1996)

reported that yield estimates for the tiger prawns Penaeus esculentus in the northern prawn fishery

(NPF) were very sensitive to the rate of increase in fishing power. If the rate of annual increase in fishing

power in this tiger prawn fishery was 2%, maximum sustainable yield would be 2200 tonnes. In

comparison, if the annual increase in fishing power were 5%, maximum sustainable yield would be

about 1800 tonnes. O’Neill et al (2005) showed that estimates of higher fishing power and therefore

higher average catch rates resulted in lower estimates of fishing effort to harvest maximum sustainable

yield (EMSY). It is important to note that estimates of increases in fishing power were different between

years. Their influence on estimates of reference points such as fishing effort at maximum sustainable

yield (EMSY) should be recognised, especially the selection of the past unit of fishing effort to use as the

reference for effort creep in future stock assessments.

Statistical comment: correlated errors

In this publication general linear and linear mixed models were used to analyse prawn and scallop

catches. The data were observational and each vessel’s catch was a result of many factors affecting the

swept area of the trawl gear, different fishing strategies, the searching ability to locate high catching

areas and other influences from a range of unknown factors. These data differ from experimental data

where the effects of particular fishing gears and technologies on fishing power would be quantified by

systematically comparing catches with different devices. A similar method using vessel and gear

technology data to measure changes in average relative fishing power has been used by Hilborn and

Walters (1992), Robins et al (1998) and Bishop et al (2000). One criticism of this approach is that

catches from the same vessels fishing in different areas and times are likely to be correlated. This can

cause correlations in the model error structure that may lead to incorrect inferences (due to biased

parameter estimates or over- or under-estimated standard errors). Whether this has occurred can be

difficult to predict because it depends on the patterns of correlations in the data. In light of this potential

error, Bishop et al (2000) investigated the use of generalised estimating equations (GEE) to allow for the

effects of these correlations on parameter and variance estimation in data from a similar prawn trawl

fishery, but the gains in accuracy over the general linear model were marginal. The maximum level of

bias they reported was twice the ‘model-based’ standard error. All parameter estimates in this

publication would still be significant if this bias was applied. However, Bishop et al (2004) recently

employed daily data, compared with monthly (Bishop et al 2000), in models that showed little

correlation. They compared a range of modelling approaches (general linear, mixed linear, generalised

estimating equations and generalised linear models). In their analyses, the modelling of correlation error

structures did not alter conclusions from simpler statistical models. The temporal unit used in this

publication was daily and as such correlations are less than those of Bishop et al. (2000) and supportive

of the conclusions by Bishop et al (2004).

Statistical comment: confounding

A recent report by the CSIRO assessed new approaches to fishing power analysis and its application in

the Northern Prawn Fishery (NPF) (Dichmont et al. 2003). Their data and work highlighted the important

problem of confounding. ‘Confounding’ is the term used to describe when a statistical analysis, for

instance using a generalised linear model, cannot accurately separate the effects of different


89

parameters. This is not a failing of the analysis technique, but a failing of contrast in the data. Essentially

in the NPF, the fishery dependent (observational) catch and effort data lacked information to separate

with certainty the annual change in prawn abundance from the annual change in fishing power. Their

data was confounded mostly by vessel’s upgrading gears and technologies at the same time during the

large seasonal closures and fishing in areas in a systematic pattern across the fleet. Vessels in the NPF

fish in a systematic pattern to maximise economic return.

In an attempt to unravel this confounding the CSIRO examined a possible range of annual fishing power

increases through offsetting (Dichmont et al 2003). This involved fixing some parameters to assumed

values rather than estimating all parameters simultaneously. The fixing of parameters was done by

running numerous analyses over short time frames to give more preferable parameter estimates that

can be fixed in the larger models. The results produced scenarios of increased annual fishing power

ranging between 50% and 200% for the years from 1989 to 2002. The lower estimates of this range

were based more on estimating parameters simultaneously in the statistical models. The higher

estimates were based on various offsetting and coefficients which were estimated to be consistently

negative were removed. These approaches were sensible to highlight possible fishing power increases

that essentially represent confidence interval ranges for the Northern Prawn Fishery. The higher fishing

power schedules are probably overestimates as they do assume the vessel gear items behave more

independently than is probably the real case. Also some credence may be due for the statistical models

with all coefficients estimated simultaneously, even when they may include unrealistic (negative)

parameters, as the combined effects of certain items is critical for reliable prediction of catches.

Irrespective of which fishing power schedule may be viewed as correct for the Northern Prawn Fishery,

the true estimate is certainly unclear and as they correctly concluded independent and ongoing data are

required resolve the confounding uncertainty between stock abundance and fishing power.

The issue of confounding, between changing prawn or scallop abundance and fishing power, was less

evident for the Queensland statistical analyses. This provided more confidence in our analyses and the

catch rate indices produced. The characteristics of the Queensland east coast trawl fishery were

emphasized to show the contrast in the data. The fishery comprised of about 400 to 900 active vessels

in different years with about as many owners. Vessel upgrades since 1988 have been completed in

many different months, but mostly during January within the northern seasonal closure. The range of

months when vessels upgraded was probably a result of fishing many different sectors. However, since

the introduction of the northern trawl closure between 15th December and 1st March and the southern

trawl closure between late September and 31st October, vessel upgrades in the future will probably be

made at these times. As well, with so many vessels trawling the Queensland east coast, many areas of

each trawl sector will be fished. These characteristics provided some contrast together with a mixture of

vessels through time having or not having different gears and technologies. To put these characteristics

in context with the NPF, their vessels had a small number of owners, upgrades were typically all within

the seasonal closures, the fishery covered a large spatial area and fishing was systematic targeting at

least four different prawn species with similar gears. These characteristics made estimating fishing

power and changes in prawn abundance more difficult compared to Queensland’s trawl fishery. Even

so, more ongoing independent data (e.g. such as Queensland’s tiger prawn and saucer scallop fishery

independent surveys) are still required to prove conclusively that confounding is less evident in the

Queensland trawl data.


90

12.3 Concluding comments

The uses of estimates of change in annual fishing power derived from the mixed linear models (REML)

are the recommended analyses. The results were more consistent across trawl sectors and more

comprehensive than those from the linear models (GLM) which did not include the vessel identifiers as

model factors. The vessel identifiers were treated as random factors in REML and the calculated

variance components were highly significant. The mixed linear models proved more computationally

efficient to analyse the sample of vessels from the trawl sectors. The GLM would calculate similar

fishing powers to REML if the vessel identifiers were included, but would take more time to estimate the

hundreds of parameters for the large data sets. Additional advantages of including the vessel identifiers

were increased precision of estimating the gear and technology parameters and the vessel parameters

may partially capture extra fishing powers specific to the operations (e.g. skippering or other

characteristics not captured by the survey).

The REML fishing powers (per-vessel-day) from section 8 should be utilised when standardising catch

rates or discussing sustainable levels of fishing. The REML fishing powers (per-effort-unit) from

appendix 14.3 should only be drawn on when considering changes in effort units by management

between 2001 and 2004. The effort unit system was implemented in 2001 incorporating allocated days

and the standardised hull unit formula (SHU; section 3.3). In order to measure fishing power changes

since 2001, within the effort unit management system, deviations from the SHU formula were quantified

(further explanation provided in appendix 14.3). Comparing the effort unit fishing powers between 2001

and 2004 showed that the SHU formula, which defined the penalties by the way of forfeiture of effort

units within the trawl management plan, was successful at limiting effective effort creep in the tiger and

endeavour prawn sectors. However, the SHU system did not account for the effective effort creep

between 2001 and 2004 in the red spot king prawn, eastern king prawn and saucer scallop sectors. The

method of how fishing power estimates should be applied to the overall Queensland east coast trawl

fishery is still to be assessed and dependent on the objectives of the DPI&F. Nevertheless, the simplest

approaches would be to calculate an average fishing power increase across the sectors weighted by

fishing effort, choose a single representative sector or choose the sector with the largest fishing power.

For estimating an overall fishing power rate for the Great Barrier Reef marine park the rates could be

averaged across the tiger prawn, endeavour prawn, red spot king prawn and saucer scallop sectors

(exclude eastern king prawn) weighted by fishing effort. If management or scientists require future

projections on possible fishing powers, the forecasting should be calculated through the REML models

based on assumed fleet profiles and trends in gear technology.

The analyses in this publication evaluated catch rates of tiger, endeavour, red spot king and eastern

king prawns and saucer scallops in Queensland east coast waters from 1988 to 2004. In addition the

inclusion of historical catch rates pre-1988 provided extra contrast to gauge the status of recent catch

rates from the fisheries. Some similarity between estimated catch rates from the fishery and those from

fishery independent surveys were also shown, but future analyses should strive to further this work and

investigate the need to include fishery independent data in the analyses. Overall, the trends in

Queensland standardised catch rates indicated no significant declines for tiger, endeavour, red spot king

or eastern king prawns between 1988 and 2004.


91

The cautions raised by the results were the decline in 2004 catch rates of eastern king prawns from New

South Wales waters and the lack of improvement in scallop catch rates. Eastern king prawn catch rates

from Queensland and New South Wales should be re-standardised in early 2007 with data from 2005

and 2006. This is suggested to monitor if any consistent decline in eastern king prawn catch rates

evolves. The reason for this concern relates to the record harvests taken in recent years and the

consistent high level of fishing effort the sector attracts. These recent harvest and effort levels well

exceed the management quantities estimated for maximum sustainable yield (2500–2700 tonnes) for

Queensland and New South Wales (O'Neill et al. 2005). These O’Neill et al (2005) yield estimates were

based on fishing power and effort patterns equivalent to 2001. Eastern king prawn fishing power had

increased a further 10–15% between 2001 and 2004, based on the results in this publication.

In comparison to fishing years prior to 1996, saucer scallop catch rates were at their lowest levels

between 1996 and 2004. In five out of the last seven years (1998–2004) catch rates were equivalent to

the 70% review event. Management should aim to have higher and more profitable saucer scallop catch

rates in the future.

92

13 References

Allen R, Punsley R (1984) Catch rates as indices of abundance of yellowfin tuna, Thunnus albacares in the eastern Pacific Ocean. In ‘Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission’. pp. 303–352. Bishop J, Die D, Wang Y-G (2000) A generalized estimating equations approach for analysis of the impact of new technology on a trawl fishery. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Statistics 42, 159–177. Bishop J, Sterling DJ (1999) ‘Survey of technology Utilised in the Northern Prawn Fishery 1999.’ CSIRO Division of Fisheries and Oceanography Report, AFMA (Australian Fisheries Management Authority). Bishop J, Venables WN, Wang Y-G (2004) Analysing commercial catch and effort data from a Penaeid trawl fishery. A comparison of linear models, mixed models, and generalised estimating equations approaches. Fisheries Research 70, 179–193. Broadhurst MK, Kennelly SJ (1997) The composite square-mesh panel: a modification to codends for reducing unwanted bycatch and increasing catches of prawns throughout the New South Wales oceanic prawn-trawl fishery. Fishery Bulletin 95, 653-664. Brunenmeister SL (1981) Standardization of fishing effort and the production models for brown, white and pink shrimp stocks fished in US waters of the Gulf of Mexico. In ‘Penaeid shrimps — their biology and managemen’. Key West, Florida, USA. (Eds JA Gulland and BJ Rothschild) pp. 187–211. (Fishing News Books Farnham, Surrey, England) Chifamba PC (1995) Factors affecting fishing power of sardine fishing vessels and implications for the management of the fisheries on Lake Kariba, Zimbabwe. Fisheries Management and Ecology 2, 309–319. Courtney AJ, Campbell M (2003) DPI studies bycatch in scallop fishery. In ‘Queensland Fisherman’. pp. 39–43. Courtney AJ, Masel JM, Die DJ (1995) Temporal and spatial patterns in recruitment of three penaeid prawns in Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 41. Dichmont C, Bishop J, Venables B, Sterling D, Penrose J, Rawlinson N, Eyres S (2003) ‘A new approach to fishing power analysis and its application in the northern prawn fishery.’ CSIRO, Curtin University, Australian Maritime College, Project No: R99/1494. Dichmont C, Ellis N, Venables B. (2000). Report to QFMA: A review of methods proposed for allocation of effort units in the Queensland trawl fishery. CSIRO Marine Research and CSIRO Mathematics and Information Sciences, Cleveland, Queensland. Dichmont CM, Haddon M, Yeomans KM, Kelly K (1999) Proceedings of the south-east Queensland stock assessment review workshop. Department of Primary Industries, Brisbane, Queensland. In GBRMPA (2003) Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Zoning Plan 2003. Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, Australian Government. GENSTAT (2003) GENSTAT 7th Edition. In (Lawes Agricultural Trust). Glaister JP, Pond PC, Storey JL (1993) ‘Framework for management for the east coast trawl fishery.’ Queensland Fish Management Authority. Hall NG, Penn JW (1979) Preliminary assessment of effective effort in a two species trawl fishery for Penaeid prawns in Shark Bay, Western Australia. In ‘Rapp. P.-v. Réun. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer’. pp. 147–154. Hand T (2003) An economic and social evaluation of implementing the representative areas program by rezoning the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. Report on the revised zoning plan, Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority. Prepared by P.D.P. Australia Pty Ltd. Hilborn R, Walters CJ (1992) ‘Quantitative fisheries stock assessment. Choice, dynamics and uncertainty.’ Chapman and Hall, London.


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Hoyle SD, Brown IW, Dichmont CM, Sellin MJ, Cosgrove M, McLennan M (2000) Integrated fish stock assessment and monitoring program. Queensland Department of Primary Industries, Brisbane, Project Report QO99011. Kerrigan B, Gaddes S, Norris W (2004) ‘Review of the sustainability of fishing effort in the Queensland East Coast Trawl Fishery.’ The State of Queensland, Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, Report QI04067. Montgomery DC (1997) ‘Design and Analysis of Experiments Fourth Edition.’ (John Wiley and Sons). O'Neill MF (2000) Fishery assessment of the Burnett River, Maroochy River, and Pumicestone Passage. Department of Primary Industries, Brisbane, Queensland. Report QO99012 O'Neill MF, Courtney AJ, Good NM, Turnbull CT, Yeomans KM, Staunton Smith J, Shootingstar C (2005) ‘Reference point management and the role of catch-per-unit effort in prawn and scallop fisheries.’ Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, Queensland; FRDC Project 1999/120. O'Neill MF, Courtney AJ, Turnbull CT, Good NM, Yeomans KM, Smith JS, Shootingstar C (2003) Comparison of relative fishing power between different sectors of the Queensland trawl fishery, Australia. Fisheries Research 65, 309–321. O'Neill MF, Faddy MJ (2003a) Analysis of recreational fish catches — dealing with highly skewed distributions with many zeros. In ‘The Proceedings of the Third World Recreational Fishing Conference. Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.’ pp. 67–69. (Department of Business, Industry and Resource Development: Darwin) O’Neill MF, Faddy MJ (2003b) Use of binary and truncated negative binomial modelling in the analysis of recreational catch data. In ‘Fisheries Research'. pp. 471-477. O’Sullivan S., Jebreen E., Smallwood D., McGilvray J. (2006) ‘Fisheries Long Term Monitoring Program — Scallop report (1997–2004).’ Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries. Peel D, Good NM (2004) ‘Effort GVP displaced from the GBRMP resulting from 1 July rezoning.’ DPI&F consultancy undertaken for the Commonwealth DEH. QECTMP (2001) ‘Fisheries (East Coast Trawl) Management Plan 1999; Fisheries Act 1994;’ Queensland-Fish-Management-Authority (1989) Scallop management changes now in force. In ‘Queensland Fisherman, December’. Quinn I, T. J., Deriso RB (1999) Quantitative fish dynamics. Oxford University Press, New York. In Robins CJ, Wang Y-G, Die D (1998) The impact of global positioning systems and plotters on fishing power in the northern prawn fishery, Australia. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 55, 1645–1651. Rogers D, Rogers B, de Silva J, Wright V (1997) Effectiveness of four industry-developed bycatch reduction devices in Louisiana’s inshore waters. Fishery Bulletin 95, 552–565. Salthaug A, Godø OR (2001) Standardisation of commercial CPUE. In ‘Fisheries Research’. pp. 271–281. Steele P, Bert TM, Johnston KH, Levett S (2002) Efficiency of bycatch reduction devices in small otter trawls used in the Florida shrimp fishery. Fishery Bulletin 100, 338–350. Turnbull CT, Shootingstar C, Foster S (2005) ‘Developing indicators of recruitment and effective spawner stock levels in north Queensland east coast prawn stocks.’ Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, Queensland, FRDC 1997/146.

94

14 Appendices

14.1 Spatial distribution of harvest from each Queensland trawl sector

Figure 14.1 Spatial distribution of the tiger prawn harvest between January 2001 and March 2004; red indicates high, yellow medium and green low catches (logarithm scale). The horizontal line at 16˚S distinguishes the northern and southern tiger prawn sectors. The dashed line demonstrates the Great Barrier Reef world heritage area. The solid line illustrates the northern trawl management zone. The squares represent the 30 × 30 minute logbook grids.


95

Figure 14.2 Spatial distribution of the endeavour prawn harvest between January 2001 and March 2004; red indicates high, yellow medium and green low catches (logarithm scale). The horizontal line at 16˚S distinguishes the northern and southern endeavour prawn sectors. The dashed line demonstrates the Great Barrier Reef world heritage area. The solid line illustrates the northern trawl management zone. The squares represent the 30 × 30 minute logbook grids.


96

Figure 14.3 Spatial distribution of the red spot king prawn harvest between January 2001 and March 2004; red indicates high, yellow medium and green low catches (logarithm scale). The dashed line demonstrates the Great Barrier Reef world heritage area. The solid line illustrates the northern trawl management zone. The squares represent the 30 × 30 minute logbook grids.


97

Figure 14.4 Spatial distribution of the eastern king prawn harvest in Queensland between January 2001 and March 2004; red indicates high, yellow medium and green low catches (logarithm scale). The dashed line demonstrates the Great Barrier Reef world heritage area. The solid line illustrates the southern trawl management zone and the 50 fathom depth contour between 22°S and 28°S. The squares represent the 30 × 30 minute logbook grids.


98

Figure 14.5 Spatial distribution of the saucer scallop harvest; red indicates high, yellow medium and green low catches (logarithm scale). The dashed line demonstrates the Great Barrier Reef world heritage area. The solid line illustrates the southern trawl management zone. The squares represent the 30 × 30 minute logbook grids. The pairs of scallop-rotational-closures are illustrated by the bold grids.


99

14.2 Fishing power rates based on vessel days

This appendix compared fishing power change, expressed as an annual percentage rate (%), between

fishing years on a vessel-day basis. The annual fishing power estimates fy in chapter 1 were used to

calculate these rates by the following equation:

( ) ( )100*1

loglog

⎟⎟⎠

⎞⎜⎜⎝

⎛−=

−

dff

ij

jeie

er ,

where f was the estimated fishing power in fishing years i and j, d was the number of years difference

between the fishing years compared (d=i-j), loge is the natural logarithm function and e is the

exponential function.


100

14.2.1 Northern tiger prawns

Table 14.1 Comparison of annual rates in fishing power change between years for northern tiger prawns as estimated from the general linear model (GLM). For example the annual average change in fishing power between 1995 and 2003 was 0.6% per fishing year.

Fishing year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

1988 0 1989 1.7 0 1990 0.1 –1.4 0 1991 0.5 –0.1 1.3 0 1992 0.1 –0.5 0 –1.3 0 1993 0.2 –0.2 0.2 –0.3 0.7 0 1994 0.3 0 0.4 0.1 0.7 0.8 0 1995 0.5 0.3 0.6 0.5 1 1.2 1.6 0 1996 0.5 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.9 1 1 0.4 0 1997 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.6 0.9 1 1.1 0.8 1.1 0 1998 0.6 0.5 0.8 0.7 1 1.1 1.2 1 1.4 1.6 0 1999 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.1 –1.4 0 2000 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.5 –0.1 1.2 0 2001 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.4 0 0.6 0 0 2002 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.8 0.6 1.2 0 2003 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.8 0.6 0.9 0.7 0 2004 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.2 0 0.3 0 0 –0.5 –1.7 0

Table 14.2 Comparison of annual rates in fishing power change between years for northern tiger prawns as estimated from the linear mixed model (REML). For example the annual average change in fishing power between 1995 and 2003 was 1.2% per fishing year.

Fishing year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

1988 0 1989 4.6 0 1990 –0.4 –5.1 0 1991 0.4 –1.6 1.9 0 1992 0.2 –1.2 0.7 –0.4 0 1993 0.5 –0.5 1.1 0.8 1.9 0 1994 0.2 –0.7 0.5 0 0.2 –1.5 0 1995 0.4 –0.3 0.7 0.4 0.7 0.1 1.8 0 1996 0.3 –0.4 0.5 0.2 0.3 –0.2 0.4 –0.9 0 1997 0.6 0.2 0.9 0.8 1 0.8 1.6 1.5 3.9 0 1998 0.4 0 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.3 0.8 0.4 1.1 –1.6 0 1999 0.6 0.2 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.6 1 0.9 1.4 0.2 2.1 0 2000 0.7 0.4 0.9 0.8 1 0.8 1.2 1.1 1.6 0.9 2.2 2.2 0 2001 0.7 0.4 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.8 1.1 1 1.4 0.8 1.6 1.4 0.5 0 2002 0.7 0.4 0.9 0.8 1 0.8 1.1 1.1 1.4 0.9 1.5 1.3 0.9 1.2 0 2003 0.8 0.5 1 0.9 1 0.9 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.1 1.6 1.5 1.2 1.6 1.9 0 2004 0.6 0.4 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.8 1 0.6 1 0.8 0.5 0.4 0 –1.8 0


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14.2.2 Northern endeavour prawns

Table 14.3 Comparison of annual rates in fishing power change between years for northern endeavour prawns as estimated from the general linear model (GLM). For example the annual average change in fishing power between 1995 and 2003 was 2.6% per fishing year.

Fishing year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

1988 0 1989 1.3 0 1990 –0.7 –2.6 0 1991 0.5 0.2 3.1 0 1992 0.3 –0.1 1.2 –0.6 0 1993 0.7 0.6 1.7 1 2.5 0 1994 0.6 0.4 1.2 0.6 1.2 –0.1 0 1995 1 1 1.7 1.4 2 1.8 3.7 0 1996 0.6 0.5 1.1 0.7 1 0.5 0.8 –2 0 1997 1 1 1.5 1.3 1.6 1.4 2 1.1 4.3 0 1998 1.2 1.2 1.7 1.5 1.8 1.7 2.2 1.7 3.5 2.8 0 1999 1.6 1.7 2.2 2 2.4 2.4 2.9 2.7 4.4 4.4 6 0 2000 2.3 2.4 2.9 2.9 3.4 3.5 4.1 4.2 5.8 6.3 8.1 10.2 0 2001 2.1 2.2 2.7 2.6 3 3 3.5 3.5 4.6 4.7 5.3 4.9 –0.1 0 2002 2.1 2.1 2.5 2.5 2.8 2.8 3.2 3.1 4 3.9 4.2 3.7 0.5 1.1 0 2003 1.9 1.9 2.3 2.2 2.5 2.4 2.7 2.6 3.3 3.1 3.2 2.5 0.1 0.1 –0.9 0 2004 1.7 1.7 2 2 2.2 2.1 2.4 2.2 2.8 2.5 2.5 1.8 –0.2 –0.2 –0.9 –0.9 0

Table 14.4 Comparison of annual rates in fishing power change between years for northern endeavour prawns as estimated from the linear mixed model (REML). For example the annual average change in fishing power between 1995 and 2003 was 1.4% per fishing year.

Fishing year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

1988 0 1989 3 0 1990 –1.1 -5 0 1991 0.4 –0.9 3.4 0 1992 0.4 –0.4 2 0.5 0 1993 0.4 –0.2 1.4 0.5 0.4 0 1994 0.3 –0.3 1 0.1 –0.1 –0.5 0 1995 0.6 0.2 1.3 0.7 0.8 1 2.6 0 1996 –0.4 –0.9 –0.1 –0.9 –1.2 –1.7 –2.3 –7 0 1997 0.5 0.2 0.9 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.9 0.1 7.7 0 1998 0.5 0.2 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.9 0.3 4.2 0.8 0 1999 0.8 0.6 1.3 1 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.3 4.2 2.5 4.2 0 2000 1.1 1 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.6 2 1.9 4.2 3.1 4.3 4.5 0 2001 0.9 0.8 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.3 3 1.9 2.3 1.4 –1.6 0 2002 1.1 0.9 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.5 3 2.1 2.4 1.8 0.6 2.8 0 2003 1 0.9 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.4 2.7 1.8 2.1 1.5 0.6 1.7 0.6 0 2004 0.6 0.4 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.6 1.5 0.7 0.7 0 –1.1 –0.9 –2.7 –5.9 0


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14.2.3 Southern tiger prawns

Table 14.5 Comparison of annual rates in fishing power change between years for southern tiger prawns as estimated from the general linear model (GLM). For example the annual average change in fishing power between 1995 and 2003 was 0.2% per fishing year.

Fishing year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

1988 0 1989 6.5 0 1990 7.6 8.7 0 1991 3.9 2.6 –3.2 0 1992 3.7 2.8 0 3.2 0 1993 3.2 2.4 0.3 2.1 1.1 0 1994 2.5 1.7 0.1 1.2 0.2 –0.7 0 1995 2.4 1.7 0.4 1.3 0.7 0.5 1.6 0 1996 2.3 1.8 0.6 1.4 1 1 1.8 2 0 1997 1.9 1.4 0.3 0.9 0.5 0.3 0.7 0.2 –1.5 0 1998 1.8 1.3 0.4 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.8 0.5 –0.3 0.9 0 1999 1.6 1.2 0.3 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.3 –0.2 0.4 –0.1 0 2000 1.5 1.1 0.3 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.3 –0.2 0.3 0 0.1 0 2001 1.1 0.7 0 0.3 0 –0.1 0 –0.3 –0.7 –0.6 –1 –1.5 –3 0 2002 1.3 0.9 0.3 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.2 –0.1 0.1 0 0 –0.1 3 0 2003 1.2 0.8 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 –0.1 0.1 0 0 0 1.6 0.2 0 2004 1.3 1 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.7 1.9 1.4 2.7 0

Table 14.6 Comparison of annual rates in fishing power change between years for southern tiger prawns as estimated from the linear mixed model (REML). For example the annual average change in fishing power between 1995 and 2003 was –0.1% per fishing year.

Fishing year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

1988 0 1989 7.7 0 1990 7.5 7.3 0 1991 2.4 –0.2 –7.2 0 1992 2.2 0.4 –2.9 1.6 0 1993 2.3 1 –1.1 2.1 2.7 0 1994 2.1 1.1 –0.4 1.9 2.1 1.5 0 1995 2.3 1.4 0.3 2.2 2.5 2.4 3.2 0 1996 2.1 1.4 0.4 2 2.1 1.9 2.2 1.1 0 1997 1.6 0.8 –0.1 1.2 1.1 0.7 0.4 –0.9 –2.9 0 1998 1.2 0.5 –0.3 0.7 0.6 0.1 –0.2 –1.3 –2.5 –2.1 0 1999 1.9 1.3 0.7 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.2 1.3 3.4 9.3 0 2000 1.4 0.9 0.2 1.1 1 0.8 0.7 0.2 –0.1 0.9 2.5 –3.9 0 2001 0.8 0.3 –0.3 0.4 0.3 0 –0.3 –0.8 –1.2 –0.8 –0.3 –4.8 –5.7 0 2002 1.1 0.7 0.1 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.4 0 –0.2 0.4 1 –1.6 –0.4 5.2 0 2003 1 0.5 0 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.2 –0.1 –0.3 0.2 0.6 –1.5 –0.6 2 –1 0 2004 1.2 0.7 0.3 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.6 1.1 –0.5 0.4 2.6 1.3 3.7 0


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14.2.4 Red spot king prawns

Table 14.7 Comparison of annual rates in fishing power change between years for red spot king prawns as estimated from the general linear model (GLM). For example the annual average change in fishing power between 1995 and 2003 was 2.9% per fishing year.

Fishing year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

1988 0 1989 –10.7 0 1990 –1.9 7.9 0 1991 –1.3 3.8 –0.2 0 1992 –1.1 2.3 –0.4 –0.7 0 1993 –0.2 2.6 0.8 1.4 3.4 0 1994 0 2.3 0.9 1.3 2.3 1.3 0 1995 0 1.9 0.7 0.9 1.5 0.5 –0.2 0 1996 –0.1 1.5 0.5 0.6 1 0.2 –0.4 –0.6 0 1997 0.4 1.9 1 1.2 1.6 1.2 1.2 1.8 4.3 0 1998 0.7 2 1.3 1.5 1.9 1.6 1.7 2.3 3.8 3.2 0 1999 0.5 1.7 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.5 2.2 1.2 –0.8 0 2000 1.4 2.6 2 2.3 2.7 2.6 2.8 3.4 4.4 4.4 5.1 11.2 0 2001 0.9 2 1.4 1.6 1.9 1.7 1.7 2 2.6 2.1 1.8 3.1 –4.5 0 2002 1.4 2.4 2 2.2 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.9 3.5 3.3 3.3 4.7 1.5 8 0 2003 1.5 2.5 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.4 2.6 2.9 3.4 3.3 3.3 4.3 2.1 5.6 3.3 0 2004 1.7 2.6 2.2 2.4 2.7 2.6 2.7 3.1 3.5 3.4 3.5 4.3 2.7 5.2 3.8 4.3 0

Table 14.8 Comparison of annual rates in fishing power change between years for red spot king prawns as estimated from the linear mixed model (REML). For example the annual average change in fishing power between 1995 and 2003 was 1.4% per fishing year.

Fishing year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

1988 0 1989 –8.7 0 1990 0.1 9.7 0 1991 –1.6 2.2 –4.7 0 1992 –1.6 1 –3.1 –1.6 0 1993 0.9 3.4 1.4 4.6 11.2 0 1994 0.2 2.1 0.2 2 3.8 –3.2 0 1995 –0.6 0.8 –0.9 0 0.6 –4.3 –5.5 0 1996 –0.8 0.4 –1.1 –0.3 0 –3.5 –3.6 –1.7 0 1997 –0.5 0.5 –0.7 0 0.3 –2.2 –1.9 –0.1 1.6 0 1998 0.1 1.1 0.1 0.8 1.2 –0.7 0 1.9 3.7 5.9 0 1999 –0.2 0.7 –0.2 0.3 0.6 –1.1 –0.6 0.6 1.4 1.4 –3 0 2000 0.5 1.4 0.6 1.2 1.5 0.2 0.8 2.1 3.1 3.6 2.5 8.3 0 2001 0 0.7 –0.1 0.4 0.6 –0.6 –0.2 0.7 1.1 1 –0.6 0.7 –6.4 0 2002 0.3 1 0.3 0.8 1 –0.1 0.3 1.2 1.7 1.7 0.7 1.9 –1.1 4.5 0 2003 0.4 1.1 0.5 0.9 1.2 0.2 0.6 1.4 1.8 1.9 1.1 2.1 0.2 3.6 2.7 0 2004 0.5 1.1 0.5 0.9 1.1 0.3 0.6 1.3 1.7 1.7 1 1.9 0.3 2.6 1.8 0.8 0


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14.2.5 Eastern king prawns Table 14.9 Comparison of annual rates in fishing power change between years for eastern king prawns (deep + shallow waters) as estimated from the general linear model (GLM). For example the annual average change in fishing power between 1995 and 2003 was 2.0% per fishing year.

Fishing year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

1988 0 1989 –2 0 1990 2.5 7.2 0 1991 3.5 6.3 5.5 0 1992 1.8 3.1 1.2 –3 0 1993 1.8 2.8 1.4 –0.6 1.9 0 1994 1.3 1.9 0.6 –0.9 0.1 –1.6 0 1995 1.3 1.8 0.8 –0.3 0.6 –0.1 1.5 0 1996 1.9 2.4 1.6 0.9 1.9 1.9 3.6 5.8 0 1997 1.6 2.1 1.4 0.7 1.4 1.3 2.3 2.8 –0.2 0 1998 1.2 1.6 0.9 0.3 0.8 0.6 1.2 1 –1.3 –2.3 0 1999 1.4 1.7 1.1 0.6 1.1 1 1.5 1.5 0.1 0.3 2.9 0 2000 1.4 1.7 1.2 0.7 1.2 1.1 1.6 1.6 0.6 0.8 2.4 2 0 2001 1.7 2 1.6 1.2 1.7 1.6 2.1 2.2 1.5 1.9 3.4 3.6 5.3 0 2002 1.8 2.1 1.7 1.4 1.8 1.8 2.2 2.3 1.8 2.2 3.3 3.5 4.2 3.2 0 2003 1.7 2 1.6 1.2 1.6 1.6 2 2 1.5 1.8 2.6 2.6 2.8 1.5 –0.2 0 2004 1.9 2.2 1.9 1.6 2 2 2.3 2.4 2 2.3 3.1 3.2 3.5 2.9 2.8 5.8 0

Table 14.10 Comparison of annual rates in fishing power change between years for shallow water eastern king prawns (depths ≤50 fm) as estimated from the general linear model (GLM). For example the annual average change in fishing power between 1995 and 2003 was 3.0% per fishing year.

Fishing year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

1988 0 1989 5.4 0 1990 8.4 11.4 0 1991 7.8 9 6.6 0 1992 5.2 5.1 2.1 –2.1 0 1993 3.8 3.4 0.8 –1.9 –1.7 0 1994 2.9 2.4 0.2 –1.8 –1.6 –1.5 0 1995 3 2.5 0.9 –0.5 0 0.9 3.4 0 1996 4 3.8 2.6 1.9 2.9 4.5 7.6 12 0 1997 3.6 3.4 2.3 1.6 2.3 3.4 5 5.9 0.1 0 1998 3.1 2.9 1.8 1.2 1.7 2.4 3.4 3.5 –0.6 –1.2 0 1999 3.1 2.8 1.9 1.4 1.9 2.5 3.3 3.3 0.5 0.8 2.8 0 2000 3.2 3 2.2 1.7 2.2 2.8 3.5 3.6 1.6 2.1 3.8 4.8 0 2001 3.7 3.6 2.9 2.5 3 3.7 4.4 4.6 3.2 4 5.7 7.3 9.8 0 2002 3.3 3.2 2.5 2.2 2.6 3.1 3.7 3.7 2.4 2.9 3.9 4.3 4.1 –1.3 0 2003 3 2.8 2.2 1.8 2.2 2.6 3 3 1.7 2 2.7 2.7 2 –1.7 –2.2 0 2004 3.2 3 2.5 2.1 2.5 2.9 3.4 3.4 2.3 2.6 3.3 3.4 3.1 0.9 2 6.4 0

Table 14.11 Comparison of annual rates in fishing power change between years for deep water eastern king prawns (depths > 50 fm) as estimated from the general linear model (GLM). For example the annual average change in fishing power between 1995 and 2003 was 1.6% per fishing year.

Fishing year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

1988 0 1989 –2.2 0 1990 –0.8 0.7 0 1991 0.9 2.5 4.4 0 1992 –0.3 0.4 0.2 –3.7 0 1993 0.7 1.5 1.7 0.4 4.8 0 1994 0.4 0.9 1 –0.1 1.8 –1.2 0 1995 0.3 0.7 0.7 –0.1 1.1 –0.7 –0.2 0 1996 0.2 0.5 0.5 –0.2 0.7 –0.7 –0.4 –0.6 0 1997 0 0.3 0.2 –0.5 0.2 –0.9 –0.8 –1.1 –1.6 0 1998 –0.2 0.1 0 –0.6 –0.1 –1 –1 –1.2 –1.5 –1.5 0 1999 0.1 0.3 0.2 –0.3 0.2 –0.5 –0.4 –0.4 –0.3 0.3 2.1 0 2000 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.2 0.7 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.7 1.4 2.9 3.8 0 2001 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.3 0.8 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.9 1.5 2.6 2.8 1.8 0 2002 1 1.2 1.3 1 1.5 1.1 1.4 1.7 2.1 2.8 3.9 4.5 4.8 8 0 2003 1 1.2 1.3 1 1.4 1.1 1.4 1.6 1.9 2.5 3.3 3.6 3.5 4.4 1 0 2004 1 1.2 1.3 1 1.4 1.1 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.3 3 3.2 3 3.4 1.2 1.4 0


105

Table 14.12 Comparison of annual rates in fishing power change between years for eastern king prawns (deep + shallow waters) as estimated from the linear mixed model (REML). For example the annual average change in fishing power between 1995 and 2003 was 2.9% per fishing year.

Fishing year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

1988 0 1989 –2.7 0 1990 1.2 5.3 0 1991 1.1 3 0.9 0 1992 0.9 2.1 0.5 0.2 0 1993 0.5 1.4 0.1 –0.3 –0.8 0 1994 1 1.8 0.9 0.9 1.3 3.5 0 1995 1.2 1.8 1.2 1.3 1.6 2.8 2.2 0 1996 1.6 2.2 1.7 1.9 2.4 3.4 3.4 4.6 0 1997 1.4 2 1.5 1.6 1.9 2.6 2.3 2.4 0.2 0 1998 1.2 1.6 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.8 1.4 1.2 –0.5 –1.1 0 1999 1.5 1.9 1.5 1.6 1.8 2.2 2 1.9 1 1.5 4.1 0 2000 2 2.4 2.1 2.3 2.5 3 2.9 3.1 2.7 3.5 5.9 7.7 0 2001 1.9 2.2 2 2.1 2.3 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.2 2.8 4.1 4.1 0.6 0 2002 2.1 2.5 2.3 2.4 2.7 3.1 3 3.1 2.9 3.4 4.6 4.7 3.3 6.1 0 2003 2.1 2.4 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.6 3 3.9 3.8 2.6 3.6 1.2 0 2004 2.2 2.5 2.3 2.5 2.7 3 2.9 3 2.8 3.2 3.9 3.9 2.9 3.7 2.6 4 0

Table 14.13 Comparison of annual rates in fishing power change between years for shallow water eastern king prawns (depths ≤ 50 fm) as estimated from the linear mixed model (REML). For example the annual average change in fishing power between 1995 and 2003 was 2.5% per fishing year.

Fishing year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

1988 0 1989 3.6 0 1990 5.4 7.3 0 1991 4.8 5.4 3.5 0 1992 3.8 3.9 2.2 0.9 0 1993 3.2 3.1 1.7 0.8 0.7 0 1994 2.4 2.2 0.9 0.1 –0.3 –1.3 0 1995 2.5 2.3 1.4 0.9 0.8 0.9 3.2 0 1996 3.4 3.4 2.7 2.6 3 3.8 6.5 9.9 0 1997 3 2.9 2.3 2.1 2.3 2.7 4.1 4.6 –0.4 0 1998 2.5 2.4 1.8 1.5 1.7 1.8 2.6 2.5 –1 –1.6 0 1999 2.7 2.6 2.1 1.9 2 2.3 3 2.9 0.7 1.3 4.4 0 2000 2.9 2.8 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.7 3.4 3.4 1.9 2.7 4.9 5.4 0 2001 2.6 2.6 2.1 2 2.1 2.3 2.8 2.8 1.4 1.9 3.1 2.4 –0.6 0 2002 2.7 2.6 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.9 2.8 1.7 2.1 3.1 2.7 1.3 3.3 0 2003 2.5 2.4 2.1 2 2.1 2.2 2.6 2.5 1.5 1.9 2.6 2.1 1 1.8 0.4 0 2004 2.8 2.8 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.7 3.1 3.1 2.3 2.7 3.4 3.2 2.7 3.8 4 7.8 0

Table 14.14 Comparison of annual rates in fishing power change between years for deep water eastern king prawns (depths > 50 fm) as estimated from the linear mixed model (REML). For example the annual average change in fishing power between 1995 and 2003 was 2.8% per fishing year.

Fishing year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

1988 0 1989 –1.1 0 1990 0.3 1.8 0 1991 –1 –0.9 –3.5 0 1992 –0.8 –0.8 –2 –0.5 0 1993 –1 –1 –1.9 –1.2 –1.8 0 1994 0.4 0.7 0.4 1.7 2.9 7.8 0 1995 0.5 0.8 0.6 1.7 2.4 4.6 1.4 0 1996 0.4 0.6 0.4 1.2 1.7 2.9 0.5 –0.4 0 1997 0.4 0.6 0.5 1.1 1.5 2.3 0.5 0.1 0.5 0 1998 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.9 1.2 1.8 0.4 0 0.2 –0.1 0 1999 0.7 0.9 0.8 1.3 1.6 2.1 1 0.9 1.4 1.8 3.8 0 2000 1.4 1.6 1.6 2.2 2.5 3.2 2.4 2.6 3.4 4.4 6.7 9.7 0 2001 1.4 1.6 1.6 2.1 2.4 2.9 2.3 2.4 3 3.6 4.8 5.4 1.2 0 2002 1.8 2 2 2.5 2.8 3.4 2.8 3 3.6 4.3 5.4 5.9 4.1 7.1 0 2003 1.8 2 2 2.5 2.7 3.2 2.7 2.8 3.3 3.8 4.6 4.8 3.2 4.2 1.5 0 2004 1.9 2.1 2.1 2.5 2.8 3.2 2.8 2.9 3.3 3.7 4.4 4.5 3.2 3.9 2.4 3.3 0


106

14.2.6 Saucer scallops

Table 14.15 Comparison of annual rates in fishing power change between years for saucer scallops as estimated from the general linear model (GLM). For example the annual average change in fishing power between 1995 and 2003 was 1.0% per fishing year.

Fishing year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

1988 0 1989 0.9 0 1990 1.9 2.9 0 1991 1 1.1 –0.7 0 1992 0.4 0.2 –1.1 –1.6 0 1993 0.9 0.9 0.3 0.7 3.2 0 1994 0.7 0.6 0.1 0.3 1.3 –0.5 0 1995 0.5 0.5 0 0.2 0.8 –0.4 –0.3 0 1996 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.8 1.5 0.9 1.6 3.5 0 1997 0.7 0.7 0.4 0.6 1.1 0.5 0.9 1.5 –0.5 0 1998 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.8 0.3 0.5 0.8 –0.5 –0.5 0 1999 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.3 0.5 0.7 –0.2 0 0.4 0 2000 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.8 1.1 0.8 1.1 1.3 0.8 1.2 2.1 3.8 0 2001 1.1 1.1 1 1.1 1.5 1.2 1.5 1.8 1.5 2 2.8 4 4.3 0 2002 1.1 1.1 1 1.1 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.7 1.3 1.7 2.3 2.9 2.5 0.8 0 2003 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.9 1.1 0.9 1 1.2 0.9 1.1 1.4 1.7 1 –0.6 –2 0 2004 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.8 2.2 2.5 2.2 1.5 1.9 5.9 0

Table 14.16 Comparison of annual rates in fishing power change between years for saucer scallops as estimated from the linear mixed model (REML). For example the annual average change in fishing power between 1995 and 2003 was 0.2% per fishing year.

Fishing year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

1988 0 1989 2.5 0 1990 2.5 2.5 0 1991 2 1.8 1 0 1992 1.6 1.3 0.6 0.2 0 1993 1.2 0.9 0.3 0 –0.2 0 1994 1.4 1.2 0.8 0.7 1 2.2 0 1995 0.9 0.6 0.2 0 –0.1 0 –2.1 0 1996 1.3 1.1 0.9 0.9 1 1.5 1.1 4.4 0 1997 0.6 0.4 0.1 –0.1 –0.1 –0.1 –0.9 –0.3 –4.7 0 1998 0.4 0.2 –0.1 –0.2 –0.3 –0.3 –0.9 –0.6 –2.9 –1.2 0 1999 0.4 0.1 –0.1 –0.3 –0.3 –0.4 –0.9 –0.5 –2.1 –0.8 –0.5 0 2000 0.4 0.3 0 –0.1 –0.1 –0.1 –0.5 –0.1 –1.3 –0.1 0.5 1.5 0 2001 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.4 –0.3 0.8 1.5 2.4 3.5 0 2002 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.6 0 0.9 1.5 2.1 2.4 1.5 0 2003 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 –0.1 0.2 –0.4 0.4 0.7 1 0.8 –0.5 –2.4 0 2004 1 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8 1.2 0.8 1.6 2 2.5 2.8 2.6 3.2 9.1 0


107

14.3 Fishing power rates adjusted to effort units

This appendix reported annual fishing power change as a proportion adjusted to effort units (Table

14.18 and Table 14.19). Results for all fishing years were shown for completeness. Although, the fishing

powers were only valid since the effort unit scheme was implemented in 2001. The rates were

expressed as an annual percentage rate (%), between years (appendices 14.3.1 to 14.3.6). The annual

fishing power estimates fy in Table 14.18 and Table 14.19 were used to calculate the annual rates by

the following equation:

( ) ( )100*1

loglog

⎟⎟⎠

⎞⎜⎜⎝

⎛−=

−

dff

ij

jeie

er ,

where f was the estimated fishing power based on effort units in fishing years i and j, d was the number

of years difference between the fishing years compared (d=i-j), loge is the natural logarithm function and

e is the exponential function.

Before interpreting the results, three hypothetical examples are described below to demonstrate the

difference between fishing power on a per-vessel day verse per-effort unit basis (Table 14.17). In 2001

the effort unit system was implemented incorporating allocated days and the standardised hull unit

formula (section 3.3). In order to measure fishing power changes since 2001, within the effort unit

system, deviations from the SHU formula must be quantified. The first example shows that when

vessels have the same fishing power and trawl the same number of days their expected catches will be

equal. In example two, vessel 2 transferred effort units to vessel 3. This change in trawling required

standardising catch rates for 27% fishing power increase in order to accurately monitor the status of the

prawn sector. The catch-per-effort unit was unchanged from example one because the number of

allocated days fished by vessel 3 was reduced appropriately by the SHU formula (section 3.3; i.e. fishing

power was consistent with the SHU formula and no reduction in days or effort units was required to

balance fishing power with example one). In example three, vessel 3 fishing power was greater than the

SHU formula. In order to accurately monitor the status of the prawn sector a 33% standardisation of

fishing power was required. Yet after applying the SHU formula, the catch-per effort unit indicated a 5%

reduction in fishing power was still required to balance with example one.

These examples demonstrate the difference between standardising fishing power to monitor catch rates

in each trawl sector verse adjusting allocated effort units for fishing power increases after the SHU

penalties. However, reality is much more complex with many vessels applying different fishing efforts in

each sector from year to year. The approach taken to divide standardised catch rates per vessel day by

standardised hull units aimed to measure fishing power within the effort unit system. The fishing powers

therefore indicate potential effort corrections required after accounting for the change in days fished due

to the SHU formula.


108

Table 14.17 Three examples demonstrating how fishing power related to monitoring catch rates or effort units. Fishing power can be measured from the following units 1) average catch-per-vessel-day (this is the most appropriate unit to monitor the status of the trawl sectors; assuming the unit is proportional to abundance) or 2) average catch-per-effort-unit (this relates only to the management system e.g. the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) trawl effort cap). Examples two and three were compared against example one.

Example 1: Fleet of two vessels with equal fishing power; fishing the same prawn population/abundance; fishing 200 days; all days fished.

Vessel id Allocated effort units

Standardised hull units

(SHU)

Allocated effort (days)

Harvest (kg)

Catch rate (kg/day)

Unstandardised average catch rate (kg/day)

Standardised catch rate (kg/day)

1 2000 20 100 5000 50 50 50 2 2000 20 100 5000 50 Total 4000 200 10 000 Catch rate

(kg/effort unit)

Unstandardised average catch rate (kg/effort

unit)

Standardised catch rate

(kg/effort unit)

2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5

From example1 vessel 2 transferred effort units to vessel 3. This incurred a 10% surrender of effort units. The 10% penalty for trading in effort units is actually beside the point. It is realistic to include it, but it doesn't play a part in the fishing power calculation. The GBR effort cap does not change when a 10% penalty is imposed.

Example 2: Fleet of two vessels; vessel 2 traded effort units to vessel 3; vessel 3 fishing power is 80% better in line with SHU formula (section 3.3); fishing the same prawn population/abundance; all days fished. Vessel id Allocated

effort units


(SHU)


Harvest (kg)

Catch rate

(kg/day)



Fishing power

(kg/day) %

1 2000 20 100 5000 50 63.33 50 27 3 1800 36 50 4500 90 Total 3800 150 9500 Catch rate

(kg/effort unit)

Unstandardised average catch rate

(kg/effort unit)


(kg/effort unit)

Fishing power

(kg/effort unit) %

2.5 2.5 2.5 0 2.5

From example 1 vessel 2 transferred effort units to vessel 3. This incurred a 10% surrender of effort units The 10% penalty for trading in effort units is actually beside the point. It is realistic to include it, but it doesn't play a part in the fishing power calculation. The GBR effort cap does not change when a 10% penalty is imposed.

Example 3: Fleet of two vessels; vessel 2 traded effort units to vessel 3; vessel 3 fishing power 100% better (above SHU formula section 3.3); fishing the same prawn population/abundance; all days fished. Vessel id Allocated

effort units


(SHU)


Harvest (kg)

Catch rate

(kg/day)



Fishing power

(kg/day) %

1 2000 20 100 5000 50 66.67 50 33 3 1800 36 50 5000 100 Total 3800 150 10 000 Catch rate

(kg/effort unit)

Unstandardised average catch rate

(kg/effort unit)


(kg/effort unit)

Fishing power (kg/ effort unit)

% 2.5 2.6 2.5 5 2.8


109

Table 14.18 Proportional change in fishing power adjusted to effort units from 1988 to 2004 for the tiger, endeavour and red spot king prawn trawl sectors. The proportional change represents the difference from the base reference year 1989, which was set at 1. GLM — general linear model, REML — mixed linear model.

Northern tiger prawns


Southern tiger prawns

Red spot king prawns Fishing

year GLM REML GLM REML GLM REML GLM REML

1988 0.994 0.969 0.999 0.982 0.972 0.967 0.911 0.833

1989 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000

1990 1.081 1.045 1.063 1.030 1.048 1.052 1.104 1.075

1991 1.065 1.037 1.062 1.036 1.018 0.971 1.078 0.982

1992 1.052 1.033 1.052 1.034 1.079 1.025 1.128 1.008

1993 1.074 1.064 1.104 1.066 1.067 1.027 1.173 1.140

1994 1.102 1.063 1.117 1.070 1.077 1.075 1.190 1.105

1995 1.099 1.071 1.133 1.076 1.109 1.122 1.157 0.999

1996 1.108 1.068 1.122 1.018 1.112 1.116 1.190 0.998

1997 1.101 1.083 1.154 1.076 1.123 1.106 1.216 0.998

1998 1.124 1.070 1.189 1.085 1.113 1.049 1.256 1.068

1999 1.099 1.079 1.257 1.127 1.121 1.177 1.257 1.042

2000 1.108 1.094 1.373 1.162 1.090 1.072 1.414 1.139

2001 1.088 1.082 1.348 1.125 1.100 1.050 1.314 1.034

2002 1.105 1.100 1.375 1.170 1.060 1.032 1.350 1.023

2003 1.092 1.097 1.331 1.156 1.091 1.052 1.359 1.021

2004 1.080 1.085 1.335 1.101 1.081 1.051 1.508 1.090

Table 14.19 Proportional change in fishing power adjusted to effort units from 1988 to 2004 for the eastern king prawn and saucer scallop trawl sectors. The proportional change represents the difference from the base reference year 1989, which was set at 1. GLM — general linear model, REML — mixed linear model.

Eastern king prawns

Eastern king prawns (depths

≤50fm)

Eastern king prawns (depths

>50fm) Saucer scallops Fishing

year GLM REML GLM REML GLM REML GLM REML

1988 1.021 1.039 1.116 1.146 1.008 1.001 0.964 0.950

1989 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000

1990 1.036 1.024 1.085 1.058 0.958 0.973 0.997 0.994

1991 1.050 0.989 1.161 1.084 0.973 0.917 1.007 1.015

1992 1.017 0.994 1.108 1.076 0.972 0.946 1.075 1.113

1993 1.017 0.977 1.120 1.109 0.987 0.909 1.039 1.036

1994 1.050 1.058 1.134 1.145 1.002 0.996 1.033 1.060

1995 1.084 1.095 1.199 1.207 0.993 1.000 1.062 1.067

1996 1.114 1.105 1.293 1.266 0.941 0.949 1.064 1.087

1997 1.104 1.097 1.241 1.212 0.945 0.967 1.106 1.074

1998 1.077 1.072 1.264 1.212 0.932 0.967 1.127 1.085

1999 1.095 1.095 1.261 1.212 0.946 0.994 1.157 1.113

2000 1.068 1.122 1.341 1.291 0.962 1.068 1.126 1.045

2001 1.078 1.093 1.313 1.170 0.985 1.088 1.084 0.999

2002 1.076 1.127 1.313 1.220 1.024 1.132 1.135 1.052

2003 1.080 1.141 1.336 1.267 1.022 1.132 1.164 1.075

2004 1.125 1.174 1.290 1.251 1.004 1.132 1.085 1.031


110


Table 14.20 Comparison of annual rates in fishing power change, adjusted to effort units, between years for northern tiger prawns as estimated from the general linear model (GLM). For example the annual average change in fishing power between 1995 and 2003 was –0.1% per fishing year.

Fishing year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

1988 0 1989 0.6 0 1990 4.3 8.1 0 1991 2.3 3.2 –1.5 0 1992 1.4 1.7 –1.3 –1.2 0 1993 1.5 1.8 –0.2 0.4 2 0 1994 1.7 2 0.5 1.1 2.3 2.6 0 1995 1.4 1.6 0.3 0.8 1.4 1.2 –0.3 0 1996 1.4 1.5 0.4 0.8 1.3 1.1 0.3 0.9 0 1997 1.1 1.2 0.3 0.6 0.9 0.6 0 0.1 –0.6 0 1998 1.2 1.3 0.5 0.8 1.1 0.9 0.5 0.8 0.7 2.1 0 1999 0.9 0.9 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.4 –0.1 0 –0.3 –0.1 –2.3 0 2000 0.9 0.9 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.1 0.2 0 0.2 –0.7 0.8 0 2001 0.7 0.7 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.2 –0.2 –0.2 –0.4 –0.3 –1.1 –0.5 –1.8 0 2002 0.8 0.8 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.3 0 0.1 0 0.1 –0.4 0.2 –0.1 1.6 0 2003 0.6 0.6 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 –0.1 –0.1 –0.2 –0.1 –0.6 –0.2 –0.5 0.2 –1.2 0 2004 0.5 0.5 0 0.1 0.2 0.1 –0.2 –0.2 –0.3 –0.3 –0.7 –0.3 –0.6 –0.2 –1.1 –1.1 0

Table 14.21 Comparison of annual rates in fishing power change, adjusted to effort units, between years for northern tiger prawns as estimated from the linear mixed model (REML). For example the annual average change in fishing power between 1995 and 2003 was 0.3% per fishing year.

Fishing year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

1988 0 1989 3.1 0 1990 3.8 4.5 0 1991 2.3 1.8 –0.7 0 1992 1.6 1.1 –0.6 –0.4 0 1993 1.9 1.6 0.6 1.3 3 0 1994 1.6 1.2 0.4 0.8 1.5 –0.1 0 1995 1.4 1.1 0.5 0.8 1.2 0.3 0.7 0 1996 1.2 0.9 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.1 0.2 –0.3 0 1997 1.2 1 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.4 0.6 0.5 1.4 0 1998 1 0.8 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.1 0.2 0 0.1 –1.2 0 1999 1 0.8 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 –0.2 0.8 0 2000 1 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.3 1.1 1.4 0 2001 0.8 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0 0.4 0.1 –1.1 0 2002 0.9 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.7 0.7 0.3 1.7 0 2003 0.8 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.1 0.7 –0.3 0 2004 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0.2 0.1 –0.2 0.1 –0.7 –1.1 0


111


Table 14.22 Comparison of annual rates in fishing power change, adjusted to effort units, between years for northern endeavour prawns as estimated from the general linear model (GLM). For example the annual average change in fishing power between 1995 and 2003 was 2.0% per fishing year.

Fishing year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

1988 0 1989 0.1 0 1990 3.1 6.3 0 1991 2 3 –0.1 0 1992 1.3 1.7 –0.5 –0.9 0 1993 2 2.5 1.3 2 4.9 0 1994 1.9 2.2 1.3 1.7 3 1.2 0 1995 1.8 2.1 1.3 1.6 2.5 1.3 1.4 0 1996 1.5 1.7 0.9 1.1 1.6 0.5 0.2 –0.9 0 1997 1.6 1.8 1.2 1.4 1.9 1.1 1.1 0.9 2.8 0 1998 1.7 1.9 1.4 1.6 2.1 1.5 1.6 1.6 2.9 3 0 1999 2.1 2.3 1.9 2.1 2.6 2.2 2.4 2.6 3.9 4.4 5.8 0 2000 2.7 2.9 2.6 2.9 3.4 3.2 3.5 3.9 5.2 6 7.5 9.2 0 2001 2.3 2.5 2.2 2.4 2.8 2.5 2.7 2.9 3.7 4 4.3 3.5 –1.8 0 2002 2.3 2.5 2.2 2.4 2.7 2.5 2.6 2.8 3.4 3.6 3.7 3 0.1 2 0 2003 1.9 2.1 1.7 1.9 2.2 1.9 2 2 2.5 2.4 2.3 1.4 –1 –0.6 –3.2 0 2004 1.8 1.9 1.6 1.8 2 1.7 1.8 1.8 2.2 2.1 2 1.2 –0.7 –0.3 –1.5 0.3 0

Table 14.23 Comparison of annual rates in fishing power change, adjusted to effort units, between years for northern endeavour prawns as estimated from the linear mixed model (REML). For example the annual average change in fishing power between 1995 and 2003 was 0.9% per fishing year.

Fishing year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

1988 0 1989 1.8 0 1990 2.4 3 0 1991 1.8 1.8 0.6 0 1992 1.3 1.1 0.2 0.2 0 1993 1.7 1.6 1.1 1.4 3.1 0 1994 1.4 1.4 1 1.1 1.7 0.4 0 1995 1.3 1.2 0.9 1 1.3 0.5 0.6 0 1996 0.5 0.3 –0.2 –0.3 –0.4 –1.5 –2.5 –5.4 0 1997 1 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.2 0.2 0 5.7 0 1998 1 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.3 3.2 0.8 0 1999 1.3 1.2 1 1.1 1.2 0.9 1 1.2 3.4 2.3 3.9 0 2000 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.4 1.5 3.4 2.6 3.5 3.1 0 2001 1.1 1 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.7 2 1.1 1.2 –0.1 –3.1 0 2002 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.2 1 1.1 1.2 2.3 1.7 1.9 1.3 0.4 4 0 2003 1.1 1 0.9 0.9 1 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.8 1.2 1.3 0.6 –0.2 1.3 –1.2 0 2004 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 1 0.3 0.2 –0.5 –1.3 –0.7 –3 –4.7 0


112


Table 14.24 Comparison of annual rates in fishing power change, adjusted to effort units, between years for southern tiger prawns as estimated from the general linear model (GLM). For example the annual average change in fishing power between 1995 and 2003 was –0.2% per fishing year.

Fishing year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

1988 0 1989 2.8 0 1990 3.8 4.8 0 1991 1.5 0.9 –2.9 0 1992 2.6 2.6 1.4 6 0 1993 1.9 1.6 0.6 2.4 –1.1 0 1994 1.7 1.5 0.7 1.9 –0.1 0.9 0 1995 1.9 1.7 1.1 2.2 0.9 2 3 0 1996 1.7 1.5 1 1.8 0.8 1.4 1.6 0.2 0 1997 1.6 1.5 1 1.7 0.8 1.3 1.4 0.6 1 0 1998 1.4 1.2 0.7 1.3 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.1 0 –0.9 0 1999 1.3 1.2 0.8 1.2 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.3 0.3 –0.1 0.8 0 2000 1 0.8 0.4 0.8 0.1 0.3 0.2 –0.4 –0.5 –1 –1 –2.8 0 2001 0.9 0.8 0.4 0.8 0.2 0.4 0.3 –0.1 –0.2 –0.5 –0.4 –1 0.9 0 2002 0.6 0.4 0.1 0.4 –0.2 –0.1 –0.2 –0.6 –0.8 –1.2 –1.2 –1.9 –1.4 –3.6 0 2003 0.8 0.6 0.3 0.6 0.1 0.2 0.1 –0.2 –0.3 –0.5 –0.4 –0.7 0 –0.4 2.9 0 2004 0.7 0.5 0.2 0.5 0 0.1 0 –0.3 –0.3 –0.5 –0.5 –0.7 –0.2 –0.6 1 –0.9 0

Table 14.25 Comparison of annual rates in fishing power change, adjusted to effort units, between years for southern tiger prawns as estimated from the linear mixed model (REML). For example the annual average change in fishing power between 1995 and 2003 was –0.8% per fishing year.

Fishing year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

1988 0 1989 3.4 0 1990 4.3 5.2 0 1991 0.1 –1.5 –7.7 0 1992 1.5 0.8 –1.3 5.6 0 1993 1.2 0.7 –0.8 2.8 0.1 0 1994 1.8 1.5 0.6 3.5 2.4 4.8 0 1995 2.1 1.9 1.3 3.7 3 4.5 4.3 0 1996 1.8 1.6 1 2.8 2.1 2.8 1.8 –0.6 0 1997 1.5 1.3 0.7 2.2 1.5 1.9 0.9 –0.7 –0.9 0 1998 0.8 0.5 0 1.1 0.4 0.4 –0.6 –2.2 –3 –5.1 0 1999 1.8 1.6 1.3 2.4 2 2.3 1.8 1.2 1.8 3.2 12.2 0 2000 0.9 0.6 0.2 1.1 0.6 0.6 0 –0.9 –1 –1 1.1 –8.9 0 2001 0.6 0.4 0 0.8 0.3 0.3 –0.3 –1.1 –1.2 –1.3 0 –5.5 –2.1 0 2002 0.5 0.2 –0.2 0.6 0.1 0.1 –0.5 –1.2 –1.3 –1.4 –0.4 –4.3 –1.9 –1.8 0 2003 0.6 0.4 0 0.7 0.2 0.2 –0.2 –0.8 –0.8 –0.8 0.1 –2.8 –0.6 0.1 2 0 2004 0.5 0.3 0 0.6 0.2 0.2 –0.2 –0.7 –0.7 –0.7 0 –2.2 –0.5 0 1 –0.1 0


113


Table 14.26 Comparison of annual rates in fishing power change, adjusted to effort units, between years for red spot king prawns as estimated from the general linear model (GLM). For example the annual average change in fishing power between 1995 and 2003 was 2.0% per fishing year.

Fishing year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

1988 0 1989 9.8 0 1990 10.1 10.4 0 1991 5.8 3.8 –2.3 0 1992 5.5 4.1 1.1 4.7 0 1993 5.2 4.1 2.1 4.3 4 0 1994 4.6 3.5 1.9 3.3 2.7 1.4 0 1995 3.5 2.5 0.9 1.8 0.8 –0.7 –2.8 0 1996 3.4 2.5 1.3 2 1.3 0.5 0 2.9 0 1997 3.3 2.5 1.4 2 1.5 0.9 0.7 2.5 2.2 0 1998 3.3 2.6 1.6 2.2 1.8 1.4 1.4 2.8 2.7 3.3 0 1999 3 2.3 1.5 1.9 1.6 1.2 1.1 2.1 1.8 1.6 0 0 2000 3.7 3.2 2.5 3.1 2.9 2.7 2.9 4.1 4.4 5.1 6.1 12.5 0 2001 2.9 2.3 1.6 2 1.7 1.4 1.4 2.2 2 2 1.5 2.3 –7.1 0 2002 2.9 2.3 1.7 2.1 1.8 1.6 1.6 2.2 2.1 2.1 1.8 2.4 –2.3 2.7 0 2003 2.7 2.2 1.6 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.5 2 1.9 1.9 1.6 2 –1.3 1.7 0.6 0 2004 3.2 2.8 2.3 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.4 3 3 3.1 3.1 3.7 1.6 4.7 5.7 11 0

Table 14.27 Comparison of annual rates in fishing power change between years for red spot king prawns as estimated from the linear mixed model (REML). For example the annual average change in fishing power between 1995 and 2003 was 0.3% per fishing year.

Fishing year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

1988 0 1989 20 0 1990 13.6 7.5 0 1991 5.6 –0.9 –8.7 0 1992 4.9 0.3 –3.2 2.7 0 1993 6.5 3.3 2 7.8 13.1 0 1994 4.8 2 0.7 4 4.7 –3.1 0 1995 2.6 0 –1.5 0.4 –0.3 –6.4 –9.6 0 1996 2.3 0 –1.2 0.3 –0.2 –4.3 –4.9 –0.1 0 1997 2 0 –1.1 0.3 –0.2 –3.3 –3.3 –0.1 0 0 1998 2.5 0.7 –0.1 1.2 1 –1.3 –0.9 2.2 3.4 7 0 1999 2.1 0.4 –0.3 0.7 0.5 –1.5 –1.2 1.1 1.4 2.2 –2.4 0 2000 2.6 1.2 0.6 1.7 1.5 0 0.5 2.6 3.3 4.5 3.3 9.3 0 2001 1.7 0.3 –0.4 0.5 0.3 –1.2 –0.9 0.6 0.7 0.9 –1.1 –0.4 –9.2 0 2002 1.5 0.2 –0.4 0.4 0.1 –1.2 –1 0.3 0.4 0.5 –1.1 –0.6 –5.2 –1.1 0 2003 1.4 0.1 –0.4 0.3 0.1 –1.1 –0.9 0.3 0.3 0.4 –0.9 –0.5 –3.6 –0.7 –0.2 0 2004 1.7 0.6 0.1 0.8 0.7 –0.4 –0.1 1 1.1 1.3 0.3 0.9 –1.1 1.8 3.2 6.8 0


114

14.3.5 Eastern king prawns Table 14.28 Comparison of annual rates in fishing power, adjusted to effort units, change between years for eastern king prawns (deep + shallow waters) as estimated from the general linear model (GLM). For example the annual average change in fishing power between 1995 and 2003 was 0.0% per fishing year.

Fishing year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

1988 0 1989 –2.1 0 1990 0.7 3.6 0 1991 0.9 2.5 1.4 0 1992 –0.1 0.6 –0.9 –3.2 0 1993 –0.1 0.4 –0.6 –1.6 –0.1 0 1994 0.5 1 0.3 0 1.6 3.3 0 1995 0.9 1.4 0.9 0.8 2.1 3.3 3.2 0 1996 1.1 1.6 1.2 1.2 2.3 3.1 3 2.8 0 1997 0.9 1.2 0.9 0.8 1.6 2.1 1.7 0.9 –0.9 0 1998 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.9 1.2 0.6 –0.2 –1.7 –2.5 0 1999 0.6 0.9 0.6 0.5 1.1 1.3 0.8 0.3 –0.6 –0.4 1.8 0 2000 0.4 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.6 0.7 0.3 –0.3 -1 –1.1 –0.4 –2.5 0 2001 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.6 0.7 0.4 –0.1 –0.7 –0.6 0 –0.8 0.9 0 2002 0.4 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.6 0.6 0.3 –0.1 –0.6 –0.5 0 –0.6 0.4 –0.2 0 2003 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.6 0.3 0 –0.4 –0.4 0.1 –0.4 0.4 0.1 0.4 0 2004 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.7 0.5 1.3 1.5 2.3 4.2 0

Table 14.29 Comparison of annual rates in fishing power change, adjusted to effort units, between years for shallow water eastern king prawns (depths ≤ 50 fm) as estimated from the general linear model (GLM). For example the annual average change in fishing power between 1995 and 2003 was 1.4% per fishing year.

Fishing year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

1988 0

1989 -10.4 0

1990 –1.4 8.5 0 1991 1.3 7.8 7 0 1992 –0.2 3.5 1.1 –4.6 0 1993 0.1 2.9 1 –1.8 1 0 1994 0.3 2.5 1.1 –0.8 1.1 1.3 0 1995 1 3.1 2 0.8 2.7 3.5 5.7 0 1996 1.9 3.7 3 2.2 3.9 4.9 6.8 7.9 0 1997 1.2 2.7 1.9 1.1 2.3 2.6 3.1 1.8 -4 0 1998 1.3 2.6 1.9 1.2 2.2 2.5 2.8 1.8 –1.1 1.8 0 1999 1.1 2.3 1.7 1 1.9 2 2.2 1.3 –0.8 0.8 –0.2 0 2000 1.5 2.7 2.1 1.6 2.4 2.6 2.8 2.3 0.9 2.6 3 6.4 0 2001 1.3 2.3 1.7 1.2 1.9 2 2.1 1.5 0.3 1.4 1.3 2 –2.1 0 2002 1.2 2.1 1.6 1.1 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.3 0.3 1.1 1 1.3 –1.1 0 0 2003 1.2 2.1 1.6 1.2 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.4 0.5 1.2 1.1 1.5 –0.1 0.9 1.8 0 2004 0.9 1.7 1.2 0.8 1.3 1.3 1.3 0.8 0 0.6 0.3 0.5 -1 –0.6 –0.9 –3.4 0

Table 14.30 Comparison of annual rates in fishing power change, adjusted to effort units, between years for deep water eastern king prawns (depths > 50 fm) as estimated from the general linear model (GLM). For example the annual average change in fishing power between 1995 and 2003 was 0.4% per fishing year.

Fishing year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

1988 0 1989 –0.7 0 1990 –2.5 –4.2 0 1991 –1.2 –1.4 1.5 0 1992 –0.9 –0.9 0.7 –0.1 0 1993 –0.4 –0.3 1 0.7 1.6 0 1994 –0.1 0 1.1 1 1.5 1.5 0 1995 –0.2 –0.1 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.3 –0.9 0 1996 –0.9 –0.9 –0.3 –0.7 –0.8 –1.6 –3.1 –5.3 0 1997 –0.7 –0.7 –0.2 –0.5 –0.6 –1.1 –1.9 –2.5 0.4 0 1998 –0.8 –0.8 –0.3 –0.6 –0.7 –1.1 –1.8 –2.1 –0.5 –1.4 0 1999 –0.6 –0.6 –0.1 –0.3 –0.4 –0.7 –1.1 –1.2 0.2 0 1.5 0 2000 –0.4 –0.4 0 –0.1 –0.1 –0.4 –0.7 –0.6 0.5 0.6 1.6 1.7 0 2001 –0.2 –0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 0 –0.2 –0.1 0.9 1 1.9 2.1 2.4 0 2002 0.1 0.2 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.4 1.4 1.6 2.4 2.7 3.2 4 0 2003 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.4 1.2 1.3 1.9 2 2.1 1.9 –0.2 0 2004 0 0 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0 0.1 0.8 0.9 1.3 1.2 1.1 0.7 –1 –1.7 0


115

Table 14.31 Comparison of annual rates in fishing power change, adjusted to effort units, between years for eastern king prawns (deep + shallow waters) as estimated from the linear mixed model (REML). For example the annual average change in fishing power between 1995 and 2003 was 0.5% per fishing year.

Fishing year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

1988 0 1989 –3.7 0 1990 –0.7 2.4 0 1991 –1.6 –0.6 –3.4 0 1992 –1.1 –0.2 –1.5 0.6 0 1993 –1.2 –0.6 –1.6 –0.6 –1.8 0 1994 0.3 1.1 0.8 2.3 3.2 8.4 0 1995 0.8 1.5 1.3 2.6 3.3 5.9 3.4 0 1996 0.8 1.4 1.3 2.2 2.7 4.2 2.2 0.9 0 1997 0.6 1.2 1 1.7 2 3 1.2 0.1 –0.7 0 1998 0.3 0.8 0.6 1.2 1.3 1.9 0.3 –0.7 –1.5 –2.3 0 1999 0.5 0.9 0.7 1.3 1.4 1.9 0.7 0 –0.3 –0.1 2.1 0 2000 0.6 1.1 0.9 1.4 1.5 2 1 0.5 0.4 0.8 2.3 2.5 0 2001 0.4 0.7 0.6 1 1.1 1.4 0.5 0 –0.2 –0.1 0.6 –0.1 –2.6 0 2002 0.6 0.9 0.8 1.2 1.3 1.6 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.5 1.3 1 0.2 3.2 0 2003 0.6 0.9 0.8 1.2 1.3 1.6 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.6 1.2 1 0.5 2.2 1.2 0 2004 0.8 1.1 1 1.3 1.4 1.7 1 0.8 0.8 1 1.5 1.4 1.1 2.4 2 2.9 0

Table 14.32 Comparison of annual rates in fishing power change, adjusted to effort units, between years for shallow water eastern king prawns (depths ≤50 fm) as estimated from the linear mixed model (REML). For example the annual average change in fishing power between 1995 and 2003 was 0.6% per fishing year.

Fishing year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

1988 0 1989 –12.7 0 1990 –3.9 5.8 0 1991 –1.8 4.1 2.5 0 1992 –1.6 2.5 0.9 –0.7 0 1993 –0.7 2.6 1.6 1.2 3 0 1994 0 2.8 2 1.9 3.2 3.3 0 1995 0.7 3.2 2.7 2.7 3.9 4.3 5.3 0 1996 1.3 3.4 3 3.2 4.1 4.5 5.1 4.9 0 1997 0.6 2.4 2 1.9 2.4 2.3 1.9 0.2 –4.2 0 1998 0.6 2.2 1.7 1.6 2 1.8 1.4 0.1 –2.2 0 0 1999 0.5 1.9 1.5 1.4 1.7 1.5 1.1 0.1 –1.4 0 0 0 2000 1 2.3 2 2 2.3 2.2 2 1.4 0.5 2.1 3.2 6.5 0 2001 0.2 1.3 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.3 –0.5 –1.6 –0.9 –1.2 –1.7 –9.3 0 2002 0.5 1.5 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.1 0.8 0.2 –0.6 0.1 0.2 0.2 –2.8 4.2 0 2003 0.7 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.1 0.6 0 0.7 0.9 1.1 –0.6 4 3.8 0 2004 0.6 1.5 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.1 0.9 0.4 –0.1 0.5 0.5 0.6 –0.8 2.2 1.3 –1.2 0

Table 14.33 Comparison of annual rates in fishing power change, adjusted to effort units, between years for deep water eastern king prawns (depths >50 fm) as estimated from the linear mixed model (REML). For example the annual average change in fishing power between 1995 and 2003 was 1.6% per fishing year.

Fishing year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

1988 0 1989 0 0 1990 –1.4 –2.7 0 1991 –2.8 –4.2 –5.8 0 1992 –1.4 –1.8 –1.4 3.1 0 1993 –1.9 –2.4 –2.3 –0.5 –4 0 1994 –0.1 –0.1 0.6 2.8 2.6 9.7 0 1995 0 0 0.5 2.2 1.9 4.9 0.4 0 1996 –0.7 –0.7 –0.4 0.7 0.1 1.5 –2.4 –5.1 0 1997 –0.4 –0.4 –0.1 0.9 0.4 1.6 –1 –1.7 1.9 0 1998 –0.3 –0.4 –0.1 0.8 0.4 1.3 –0.7 –1.1 1 0 0 1999 –0.1 –0.1 0.2 1 0.7 1.5 0 –0.2 1.6 1.4 2.8 0 2000 0.5 0.6 0.9 1.7 1.5 2.3 1.2 1.3 3 3.4 5.1 7.4 0 2001 0.6 0.7 1 1.7 1.6 2.3 1.3 1.4 2.8 3 4 4.6 1.9 0 2002 0.9 1 1.3 1.9 1.8 2.5 1.6 1.8 3 3.2 4 4.4 3 4.1 0 2003 0.8 0.9 1.2 1.8 1.6 2.2 1.4 1.6 2.5 2.7 3.2 3.3 2 2 –0.1 0 2004 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.6 1.5 2 1.3 1.4 2.2 2.3 2.7 2.6 1.5 1.3 0 0.1 0


116


Table 14.34 Comparison of annual rates in fishing power, adjusted to effort units, change between years for saucer scallops as estimated from the general linear model (GLM). For example the annual average change in fishing power between 1995 and 2003 was 1.2% per fishing year.

Fishing year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

1988 0 1989 3.7 0 1990 1.7 –0.3 0 1991 1.5 0.3 1 0 1992 2.8 2.5 3.9 6.8 0 1993 1.5 1 1.4 1.6 –3.4 0 1994 1.2 0.7 0.9 0.9 –2 –0.5 0 1995 1.4 1 1.3 1.3 –0.4 1.1 2.8 0 1996 1.2 0.9 1.1 1.1 –0.3 0.8 1.5 0.1 0 1997 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.6 0.6 1.6 2.3 2 4 0 1998 1.6 1.3 1.5 1.6 0.8 1.6 2.2 2 3 2 0 1999 1.7 1.5 1.7 1.7 1 1.8 2.3 2.2 2.8 2.3 2.6 0 2000 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.3 0.6 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.4 0.6 –0.1 –2.6 0 2001 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.1 0.5 0.7 0.3 0.4 –0.5 –1.3 –3.2 –3.8 0 2002 1.2 1 1.1 1.1 0.5 1 1.2 0.9 1.1 0.5 0.2 –0.6 0.4 4.7 0 2003 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.2 0.7 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.3 0.9 0.6 0.2 1.1 3.7 2.6 0 2004 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.1 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.2 –0.3 –0.6 –1.3 –0.9 0 –2.2 –6.8 0

Table 14.35 Comparison of annual rates in fishing power change, adjusted to effort units, between years for saucer scallops as estimated from the linear mixed model (REML). For example the annual average change in fishing power between 1995 and 2003 was 0.2% per fishing year.

Fishing year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

1988 0 1989 5.2 0 1990 2.3 –0.6 0 1991 2.2 0.7 2 0 1992 4 3.6 5.8 9.7 0 1993 1.7 0.9 1.4 1 –6.9 0 1994 1.8 1.2 1.6 1.5 –2.4 2.3 0 1995 1.7 1.1 1.4 1.3 –1.4 1.5 0.7 0 1996 1.7 1.2 1.5 1.4 –0.6 1.6 1.3 1.9 0 1997 1.4 0.9 1.1 0.9 –0.7 0.9 0.4 0.3 –1.2 0 1998 1.3 0.9 1.1 1 –0.4 0.9 0.6 0.6 –0.1 1 0 1999 1.4 1.1 1.3 1.2 0 1.2 1 1.1 0.8 1.8 2.6 0 2000 0.8 0.4 0.5 0.3 –0.8 0.1 –0.2 –0.4 –1 –0.9 –1.9 –6.1 0 2001 0.4 0 0 –0.2 –1.2 –0.4 –0.8 –1.1 –1.7 –1.8 –2.7 –5.2 –4.3 0 2002 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.3 –0.6 0.2 –0.1 –0.2 –0.5 –0.4 –0.7 –1.8 0.4 5.3 0 2003 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.5 –0.3 0.4 0.2 0.1 –0.2 0 –0.2 –0.9 1 3.7 2.1 0 2004 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.1 –0.6 0 –0.3 –0.4 –0.7 –0.6 –0.8 –1.5 –0.3 1 –1 –4 0


117

14.4 SQL code for joining the Queensland catch and vessel/gear data

These queries were run sequentially to match the catch and vessel/gear data. The catch tables were

changed for the different species group. For example, the [red spot daily daily 9/2004] table was

changed for [tiger/endeavour daily 9/2004] table.

Skipper details UPDATE [red spot daily 9/2004] INNER JOIN [fishery and skipper details] ON [red spot daily 9/2004].[record number] = [fishery and skipper details].[record number] SET [red spot daily 9/2004].skipper = [fishery and skipper details]![skipper] WHERE ((([red spot daily 9/2004].skipper) Is Null) AND (([red spot daily 9/2004].[op date]) Between [fishery and skipper details]![start date] And [fishery and skipper details]![end date]) AND (([fishery and skipper details].fishery)=172)); Vessel specifications UPDATE [red spot daily 9/2004] INNER JOIN [vessel specifications] ON [red spot daily 9/2004].[record number] = [vessel specifications].[record number] SET [red spot daily 9/2004].hp = [vessel specifications]![rated power], [red spot daily 9/2004].speed = [vessel specifications]![king speed], [red spot daily 9/2004].reduction = [vessel specifications]![reduction], [red spot daily 9/2004].[fuel capacity] = [vessel specifications]![fuel capacity], [red spot daily 9/2004].[fuel use] = [vessel specifications]![fuel use], [red spot daily 9/2004].[prop dia] = [vessel specifications]![propeller diameter], [red spot daily 9/2004].pitch = [vessel specifications]![propeller pitch], [red spot daily 9/2004].nozzle = IIf([vessel specifications]![nozzle]=93,1,0) WHERE ((([red spot daily 9/2004].hp) Is Null) AND (([red spot daily 9/2004].[op date]) Between [vessel specifications]![start date] And [vessel specifications]![end date])); Set zeros initially for sonar to brdted UPDATE [red spot daily 9/2004] SET [red spot daily 9/2004].sonar = 0, [red spot daily 9/2004].gps2 = 0, [red spot daily 9/2004].compmap = 0, [red spot daily 9/2004].tryyesno = 0, [red spot daily 9/2004].brdted = 0 WHERE ((([red spot daily 9/2004].sonar) Is Null) AND (([red spot daily 9/2004].[record number]) Is Not Null) AND (([red spot daily 9/2004].[redspot record number id])=1)); Sonar UPDATE [red spot daily 9/2004] INNER JOIN [navigation equipment] ON [red spot daily 9/2004].[record number] = [navigation equipment].[record number] SET [red spot daily 9/2004].sonar = 1 WHERE ((([red spot daily 9/2004].[op date]) Between [navigation equipment]![start date] And [navigation equipment]![end date]) AND (([navigation equipment].equipment)=13) AND (([red spot daily 9/2004].redspot)=0) AND (([red spot daily 9/2004].[king unspec])=0) AND (([red spot daily 9/2004].[redspot and blue_leg])>0) AND (([red spot daily 9/2004].[redspot record number id])=1)); Global position systems UPDATE [red spot daily 9/2004] INNER JOIN [navigation equipment] ON [red spot daily 9/2004].[record number] = [navigation equipment].[record number] SET [red spot daily 9/2004].gps2 = 1 WHERE ((([red spot daily 9/2004].[op date]) Between [navigation equipment]![start date] And [navigation equipment]![end date]) AND (([navigation equipment].equipment)=16) AND (([red spot daily 9/2004].redspot)=0) AND (([red spot daily 9/2004].[king unspec])=0) AND (([red spot daily 9/2004].[redspot and blue_leg])>0) AND (([red spot daily 9/2004].[redspot record number id])=1)); Computer mapping systems UPDATE [red spot daily 9/2004] INNER JOIN [navigation equipment] ON [red spot daily 9/2004].[record number] = [navigation equipment].[record number] SET [red spot daily 9/2004].compmap = 1 WHERE ((([red spot daily 9/2004].[op date]) Between [navigation equipment]![start date] And [navigation equipment]![end date]) AND (([navigation equipment].equipment)=22) AND (([red spot daily 9/2004].redspot)=0) AND (([red spot daily 9/2004].[king unspec])=0) AND (([red spot daily 9/2004].[redspot and blue_leg])>0) AND (([red spot daily 9/2004].[redspot record number id])=1)); Try gear UPDATE [eastern king daily 9/2004] INNER JOIN [try gear] ON [eastern king daily 9/2004].[record number] = [try gear].[record number] SET [eastern king daily 9/2004].tryyesno = 1 WHERE ((([eastern king daily 9/2004].[op date]) Between [try gear]![start date] And [try gear]![end date]) AND (([eastern king daily 9/2004].[depth sector])=2) AND (([try gear].fishery)=5)); BRD’s and TED’s UPDATE [eastern king daily 9/2004] INNER JOIN ([bycatch devices] INNER JOIN [Convert] ON [bycatch devices].device = Convert.code) ON [eastern king daily 9/2004].[record number] = [bycatch devices].[record number] SET [eastern king daily 9/2004].brdted = 1 WHERE ((([eastern king daily 9/2004].[op date]) Between [bycatch devices]![start date] And [bycatch devices]![end date]) AND (([bycatch devices].fishery)=6) AND ((Convert.alternate_code)=1) AND (([eastern king daily 9/2004].[depth sector])=1));


118

BR’s and TEDs redspot update SELECT [red spot daily 9/2004].[redspot record number id], [red spot daily 9/2004].[record number], [red spot daily 9/2004].[op date], [red spot daily 9/2004].brdted FROM [red spot daily 9/2004] INNER JOIN ([bycatch devices] INNER JOIN [Convert] ON [bycatch devices].device = Convert.code) ON [red spot daily 9/2004].[record number] = [bycatch devices].[record number] WHERE ((([red spot daily 9/2004].[op date]) Between [bycatch devices]![start date] And [bycatch devices]![end date]) AND (([bycatch devices].fishery)=172) AND ((Convert.alternate_code)=1) AND (([red spot daily 9/2004].redspot)=0) AND (([red spot daily 9/2004].[king unspec])=0) AND (([red spot daily 9/2004].[redspot and blue_leg])>0) AND (([red spot daily 9/2004].[redspot record number id])=1)) GROUP BY [red spot daily 9/2004].[redspot record number id], [red spot daily 9/2004].[record number], [red spot daily 9/2004].[op date], [red spot daily 9/2004].brdted; Nets UPDATE [red spot daily 9/2004] INNER JOIN ([net configuration] INNER JOIN [Convert] ON [net configuration].[net type] = Convert.code) ON [red spot daily 9/2004].[record number] = [net configuration].[record number] SET [red spot daily 9/2004].nettype = [Convert]![alternate_code], [red spot daily 9/2004].netsize = [net configuration]![head rope length], [red spot daily 9/2004].meshsize = [net configuration]![mesh size] WHERE ((([red spot daily 9/2004].[op date]) Between [net configuration]![start date] And [net configuration]![end date]) AND (([net configuration].fishery)=172) AND (([red spot daily 9/2004].redspot)=0) AND (([red spot daily 9/2004].[king unspec])=0) AND (([red spot daily 9/2004].[redspot and blue_leg])>0) AND (([red spot daily 9/2004].[redspot record number id])=1)); Ground gear UPDATE [eastern king daily 9/2004] INNER JOIN ([ground gear] INNER JOIN [Convert] ON [ground gear].[ground gear] = Convert.code) ON [eastern king daily 9/2004].[record number] = [ground gear].[record number] SET [eastern king daily 9/2004].ggear4 = [Convert]![alternate_code], [eastern king daily 9/2004].gchainmm = [ground gear]![gauge of chain] WHERE ((([eastern king daily 9/2004].[op date]) Between [ground gear]![start date] And [ground gear]![end date]) AND (([ground gear].fishery)=6) AND (([eastern king daily 9/2004].[depth sector])=1)); Otter boards UPDATE [eastern king daily 9/2004] INNER JOIN ([otter boards] INNER JOIN [Convert] ON [otter boards].[otter board] = Convert.code) ON [eastern king daily 9/2004].[record number] = [otter boards].[record number] SET [eastern king daily 9/2004].boards = [Convert]![alternate_code], [eastern king daily 9/2004].boardlth = [otter boards]![length], [eastern king daily 9/2004].boardht = [otter boards]![height] WHERE ((([eastern king daily 9/2004].[op date]) Between [otter boards]![start date] And [otter boards]![end date]) AND (([otter boards].fishery)=6) AND (([eastern king daily 9/2004].[depth sector])=1));


119

14.5 SQL code for New South Wales eastern king prawn data

These two queries were run in order to select the NSW eastern king prawn data for analysis:

1. Query: [glm ekp nsw] SELECT [NSW Eastern King Prawn C&E 12_2004].year, [NSW Eastern King Prawn C&E 12_2004].month, [NSW

Eastern King Prawn C&E 12_2004].fishyear, [NSW Eastern King Prawn C&E 12_2004].[dummy FL] AS

endorsement, [NSW Eastern King Prawn C&E 12_2004].[Dummy LFB] AS vessel, First([NSW Eastern King Prawn

C&E 12_2004].[Area Code]) AS area, Max([NSW Eastern King Prawn C&E 12_2004].[Days of Effort]) AS daysmax,

Sum([NSW Eastern King Prawn C&E 12_2004].Weight) AS wt

FROM [NSW Eastern King Prawn C&E 12_2004]

WHERE ((([NSW Eastern King Prawn C&E 12_2004].Weight)>0) AND (([NSW Eastern King Prawn C&E

12_2004].[Method Code])=11) AND (([NSW Eastern King Prawn C&E 12_2004].[Dummy LFB])<>999999) AND

(([NSW Eastern King Prawn C&E 12_2004].[Area Code])<>9999) AND (([NSW Eastern King Prawn C&E

12_2004].[Days of Effort])>0))

GROUP BY [NSW Eastern King Prawn C&E 12_2004].year, [NSW Eastern King Prawn C&E 12_2004].month, [NSW

Eastern King Prawn C&E 12_2004].fishyear, [NSW Eastern King Prawn C&E 12_2004].[dummy FL], [NSW Eastern

King Prawn C&E 12_2004].[Dummy LFB];

2. Query: [glm ekp nsw final] SELECT [glm ekp nsw].*, [glm ekp nsw].area

FROM [glm ekp nsw]

WHERE ((([glm ekp nsw].area) In (1001,1002,1003,1004,1005,1012,1013,1023,1056)));


120

14.6 Model code, diagnostics and data summary 1988–2004

14.6.1 Northern tiger and endeavour prawns

Table 14.36 Example genstat code used to analyse northern tiger and endeavour prawn catches.

Northern tiger prawns ‘General Linear Model.’ MODEL [DISTRIBUTION=normal; LINK=identity; DISPERSION=*] logwt FIT [PRINT=model,summary,estimates,accumulated,correlations;CONSTANT=estimate; FPROB=yes; TPROB=yes;\ FACT=2] year*month*grid+lunar+lunar_adv+logendeavour +logking+\ loghp+logspeed+nozzle+sonar+gps2+compmap+nettype+lognet+ggear4+boards+brdted+tryyesno ‘Linear Mixed Model.REML’ VCOMPONENTS [FIXED= year*month*grid+lunar+lunar_adv+logendeavour +logking+\ loghp+nozzle+sonar+gps2+nettype+ggear4+boards+brdted+tryyesno; FACTORIAL=2]\ RANDOM=record_number; INITIAL=1; CONSTRAINTS=positive REML [PRINT=model,components,effects,vcovariance,deviance,waldTests,\ covariancemodel; PSE=estimates; MVINCLUDE=*; method=ai] logwt


‘General Linear Model.’ MODEL [DISTRIBUTION=normal; LINK=identity; DISPERSION=*] logwt FIT [PRINT=model,summary,estimates,accumulated,correlations; selection=%variance,%ss,\ adjustedr2,r2,seobservations,dispersion,%meandeviance,%deviance,aic,sic;\ CONSTANT=estimate; FPROB=yes; TPROB=yes;\ FACT=2] year*month*grid+lunar+lunar_adv+logtiger+logking+\ loghp+logspeed+nozzle+sonar+gps2+compmap+nettype+lognet+logmesh+ggear4+logchain+boards+brdted+tryyesno

‘Linear Mixed Model.REML’ VCOMPONENTS [FIXED= year*month+grid+lunar+lunar_adv+logtiger+logking+\ loghp+logspeed+nozzle+sonar+gps2+compmap+nettype+lognet+logmesh+ggear4+logchain+boards+\ brdted; FACTORIAL=2] RANDOM=record_number; INITIAL=1; CONSTRAINTS=positive REML [PRINT=model,components,effects,vcovariance,deviance,waldTests,\ covariancemodel; PSE=estimates; MVINCLUDE=*; method=ai] logwt

Table 14.37 Linear correlations between some of the different northern tiger and endeavour prawn vessel characteristics.

Vessel length

Engine HP

Trawl speed

Gear box ratio

Fuel capacity Fuel use

Propeller size

Propeller pitch

Propeller nozzle Sonar GPS

Computer mapping

Try gear net

BRD and TED Net size

Mesh size

Chain size

Vessel length 1.00

Engine HP 0.61 1.00

Trawl speed 0.02 0.25 1.00

Gear box ratio 0.57 0.45 –0.03 1.00

Fuel capacity 0.49 0.42 0.11 0.42 1.00

Fuel use 0.73 0.69 0.11 0.49 0.59 1.00

Propeller size 0.70 0.53 –0.03 0.79 0.47 0.63 1.00

Propeller pitch 0.64 0.47 0.11 0.64 0.33 0.52 0.60 1.00

Propeller nozzle 0.12 0.10 0.27 0.07 0.13 0.09 0.02 0.34 1.00

Sonar 0.30 0.25 0.05 0.23 0.02 0.28 0.24 0.33 0.19 1.00

GPS 0.08 0.11 0.03 0.16 0.10 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.18 0.07 1.00

Computer mapping 0.14 0.28 0.24 0.11 0.24 0.21 0.10 0.15 0.23 0.09 0.28 1.00

Try gear net 0.19 0.20 0.15 0.18 0.15 0.26 0.23 0.22 0.20 0.06 0.02 0.12 1.00

BRD and TED 0.06 0.23 0.18 0.08 –0.01 0.03 0.07 0.11 0.27 0.11 0.26 0.50 0.08 1.00

Net size 0.30 0.42 0.11 0.27 0.23 0.39 0.39 0.15 –0.04 0.07 0.09 0.02 0.06 0.00 1.00

Mesh size 0.11 0.09 0.06 0.15 0.09 0.08 0.16 0.05 0.08 0.16 0.14 0.08 0.01 0.08 –0.01 1.00

Chain size 0.31 0.32 0.08 0.23 0.41 0.32 0.25 0.15 0.00 –0.01 –0.04 0.15 –0.07 0.00 0.18 –0.03 1.00


121

Table 14.38 The northern tiger prawn general linear model (GLM) β2 parameter correlations between the different vessel characteristics.

Engine HP

Trawl speed

Propeller nozzle Sonar GPS Computer

mappingNet — triple

Net — quad Net size

Chain — sliding rings

Chain — looped

Chain — rope

Chain — others

Board — bison

Board — lourve/kilfoil

Board — others

BRD and TED

Net -—try gear

Engine HP 1.00

Trawl speed –0.16 1.00

Propeller nozzle 0.00 –0.17 1.00

Sonar –0.17 0.04 –0.14 1.00

GPS 0.01 0.13 –0.09 –0.01 1.00

Computer mapping –0.07 –0.15 –0.03 0.03 –0.04 1.00

Net — triple 0.14 0.02 0.11 0.13 0.09 0.01 1.00

Net — quad 0.06 0.08 0.03 0.12 0.05 0.01 0.77 1.00

Net size –0.53 0.02 –0.02 0.02 –0.11 –0.03 –0.07 –0.09 1.00

Chain — sliding rings –0.04 –0.06 0.06 –0.05 –0.06 0.03 –0.16 –0.02 –0.07 1.00

Chain — looped 0.02 0.09 –0.12 0.11 0.13 0.07 0.03 0.01 –0.14 0.01 1.00

Chain — rope 0.13 –0.29 0.13 –0.08 –0.03 0.03 0.04 –0.02 –0.10 0.07 –0.04 1.00

Chain — others 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.03 0.03 –0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00

Board — bison 0.05 0.04 0.07 0.02 –0.04 0.07 0.22 0.17 –0.02 0.06 0.02 0.14 0.01 1.00

Board — lourve/kilfoil 0.12 –0.04 0.03 0.04 0.00 0.08 0.06 –0.02 –0.02 0.03 –0.18 0.16 0.01 0.50 1.00

Board — others 0.17 0.02 0.02 0.06 –0.05 –0.02 0.06 0.02 –0.14 0.02 0.01 0.06 0.00 0.20 0.24 1.00

BRD and TED 0.05 –0.11 –0.07 –0.01 0.01 0.11 0.04 0.00 –0.04 –0.01 0.06 0.07 0.00 0.06 0.03 –0.22 1.00

Net — try gear –0.13 –0.14 –0.06 0.00 0.03 –0.02 0.15 –0.04 0.06 0.06 –0.01 0.24 0.00 –0.02 –0.03 –0.06 0.05 1.00


122

Table 14.39 The endeavour prawn general linear model (GLM) β2 parameter correlations between the different vessel characteristics.

Engine HP

Trawl speed


mappingNet —triple

Net — quad Net size Mesh

size Chain — sliding rings

Chain looped

Chain -—rope

Chain — others

Chain size

Board — bison


Board — others

BRD and TED

Net — try gear

Engine HP 1.00


Propeller nozzle 0.01 –0.16 1.00

Sonar –0.18 0.04 –0.14 1.00

GPS –0.02 0.13 –0.09 0.02 1.00

Computer mapping –0.04 –0.16 –0.03 0.02 –0.05 1.00

Net — triple 0.11 0.03 0.09 0.08 0.04 0.01 1.00

Net — quad –0.01 0.10 0.01 0.10 0.01 –0.01 0.79 1.00

Net size –0.49 0.02 –0.01 0.01 –0.12 –0.02 –0.04 –0.06 1.00

Mesh size –0.06 0.05 –0.02 –0.07 –0.10 –0.02 0.35 0.41 0.06 1.00

Chain — sliding rings –0.06 –0.05 0.05 –0.07 –0.09 0.02 –0.05 0.09 –0.05 0.27 1.00

Chain — looped 0.02 0.09 –0.12 0.11 0.13 0.07 0.01 –0.01 –0.14 –0.03 0.00 1.00

Chain — rope 0.17 –0.30 0.14 –0.10 –0.05 0.05 0.04 –0.05 –0.09 –0.03 0.05 –0.04 1.00

Chain — others 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.05 0.00 0.05 0.02 0.00 0.00 1.00

Chain size –0.28 0.08 –0.06 0.12 0.12 –0.09 –0.02 0.12 –0.08 0.08 0.03 0.01 –0.15 0.00 1.00

Board -— bison 0.05 0.04 0.07 0.02 –0.05 0.07 0.22 0.16 –0.02 0.02 0.07 0.02 0.14 0.01 –0.02 1.00

Board — lourve/kilfoil 0.17 –0.06 0.05 0.01 –0.02 0.10 0.05 –0.05 0.00 –0.05 0.01 –0.18 0.19 0.00 –0.20 0.49 1.00

Board — others 0.08 0.04 0.02 0.08 –0.02 –0.03 0.04 0.03 –0.14 –0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.19 0.19 0.19 1.00

BRD and TED 0.05 –0.11 –0.08 –0.01 0.01 0.10 0.03 0.00 –0.05 –0.01 –0.01 0.06 0.07 0.00 0.03 0.06 0.02 –0.21 1.00

Net — try gear –0.14 –0.13 –0.06 0.01 0.03 –0.02 0.15 –0.01 0.06 0.05 0.08 –0.01 0.24 0.00 0.07 –0.02 –0.04 –0.04 0.05 1.00


123

Figure 14.6 Standardised residuals from the northern tiger prawn analyses.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 80

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

Log observed catches

Freq

uenc

y

Data

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1-3.7

-3.65

-3.6

-3.55

-3.5

-3.45

-3.4

-3.35

-3.3x 105 Power transformation: Box-Cox

λ

Log

likel

ihoo

d

Figure 14.7 Histogram of the natural logarithm transformation of the observed northern tiger prawn catches and the plot of the Box-Cox likelihood.


124

Figure 14.8 Standardised residuals from the northern endeavour prawn analyses.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 80

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000


Freq

uenc

y

Data

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1-3.7

-3.65

-3.6

-3.55

-3.5

-3.45

-3.4

-3.35

-3.3x 10

5 Power transformation: Box-Cox

λ

Log

likel

ihoo

d

Figure 14.9 Histogram of the natural logarithm transformation of the observed northern endeavour prawn catches and the plot of the Box-Cox likelihood.


125

Table 14.40 Yearly summary of the number of boats and daily catches of northern endeavour and tiger prawns analysed.

Fishing Number of boats Number of days fished Year Tiger Endeavour Tiger Endeavour 1988 47 47 3236 3180 1989 60 60 3531 3500 1990 67 67 3823 3791 1991 57 58 2881 2860 1992 57 57 3905 3576 1993 70 69 5506 5444 1994 90 89 5324 5278 1995 80 80 5242 5135 1996 92 92 6056 5977 1997 98 98 5393 5388 1998 96 96 6546 6459 1999 114 113 8134 7932 2000 96 96 6557 6399 2001 87 88 5613 5629 2002 88 88 5723 5729 2003 99 99 6471 6463 2004 30 31 883 881


126

Table 14.41 Summary of the number of daily catches of northern tiger prawns analysed by fishing year, month and grid. The number of boats associated to the number of daily catches is shown in parenthesis. The corresponding table for northern endeavour prawns is not shown because the numbers are very similar to northern tiger prawns (Table 14.40). Grid Fishing

Year January February March April May June July August September Octobe

r November December

C5 1988 0 0 3 (2) 32 (2) 38 (3) 28 (4) 2 (2) 6 (2) 3 (1) 35 (6) 64 (8) 3 (1) C5 1989 0 0 34 (7) 145 (18) 48 (13) 93 (10) 75 (11) 88 (12) 44 (7) 15 (4) 19 (3) 10 (1) C5 1990 0 0 0 15 (5) 98 (11) 48 (9) 72 (10) 68 (9) 43 (7) 86 (8) 94 (9) 12 (3) C5 1991 40 (6) 33 (7) 0 31 (4) 65 (7) 28 (7) 29 (6) 10 (3) 78 (11) 116

(14) 130 (12) 56 (11)

C5 1992 0 0 50 (10) 32 (5) 29 (6) 46 (10) 38 (9) 40 (7) 80 (10) 25 (5) 49 (6) 20 (6) C5 1993 0 0 39 (13) 56 (9) 30 (6) 40 (3) 28 (8) 42 (7) 23 (5) 159

(14) 94 (10) 2 (2)

C5 1994 0 0 15 (9) 23 (5) 26 (8) 5 (3) 49 (8) 44 (10) 119 (15) 106 (20)

113 (12) 15 (2)

C5 1995 0 0 40 (8) 58 (10) 85 (11) 82 (13) 70 (10) 80 (10) 59 (14) 69 (13) 31 (7) 3 (1) C5 1996 0 0 153 (20) 180 (22) 96 (20) 113 (14) 113 (14) 95 (15) 132 (13) 121

(17) 108 (15) 35 (7)

C5 1997 0 0 144 (32) 140 (15) 108 (18) 86 (22) 26 (13) 23 (9) 106 (14) 65 (11) 70 (8) 32 (8) C5 1998 0 0 126 (19) 85 (12) 108 (14) 63 (12) 45 (11) 143 (22) 178 (23) 129

(19) 59 (14) 6 (3)

C5 1999 0 0 262 (33) 277 (25) 290 (30) 122 (23) 124 (16) 63 (14) 147 (18) 103 (16)

116 (17) 20 (5)

C5 2000 0 0 38 (8) 27 (6) 153 (29) 43 (14) 77 (15) 71 (17) 94 (14) 57 (11) 64 (8) 9 (4) C5 2001 0 0 57 (16) 103 (13) 84 (23) 52 (13) 62 (15) 40 (10) 53 (8) 44 (9) 37 (6) 10 (2) C5 2002 0 0 89 (19) 112 (18) 30 (12) 25 (10) 3 (2) 16 (8) 25 (5) 2 (2) 71 (9) 83 (12) C5 2003 0 0 112 (23) 101 (14) 53 (15) 20 (9) 10 (5) 56 (13) 58 (10) 63 (12) 42 (11) 27 (8) C5 2004 0 0 26 (5) 37 (6) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C6 1988 0 0 53 (12) 41 (6) 36 (5) 31 (8) 38 (4) 11 (4) 23 (3) 39 (6) 22 (5) 1 (1) C6 1989 0 0 45 (12) 26 (12) 47 (6) 53 (12) 46 (11) 33 (5) 47 (4) 13 (6) 20 (5) 2 (2) C6 1990 0 0 0 46 (7) 86 (11) 129 (13) 78 (12) 71 (12) 42 (6) 20 (2) 30 (8) 6 (3) C6 1991 12 (5) 3 (3) 0 24 (12) 52 (10) 25 (7) 17 (5) 20 (4) 43 (12) 31 (8) 2 (2) 2 (2) C6 1992 0 0 42 (12) 20 (4) 41 (7) 25 (8) 25 (7) 35 (6) 41 (11) 37 (5) 14 (3) 2 (1) C6 1993 0 0 80 (20) 62 (9) 43 (11) 33 (4) 28 (10) 23 (7) 45 (9) 30 (7) 16 (8) 8 (4) C6 1994 0 0 50 (14) 69 (8) 55 (8) 7 (5) 51 (8) 87 (11) 98 (11) 49 (12) 32 (6) 2 (2) C6 1995 0 0 22 (8) 8 (3) 56 (10) 95 (15) 69 (13) 58 (11) 106 (8) 62 (11) 17 (3) 1 (1) C6 1996 0 0 24 (10) 53 (11) 123 (13) 46 (6) 35 (7) 65 (10) 114 (12) 93 (10) 49 (7) 18 (5) C6 1997 0 0 56 (16) 65 (6) 26 (5) 75 (18) 89 (20) 151 (19) 45 (11) 24 (4) 45 (9) 8 (2) C6 1998 0 0 47 (16) 44 (7) 71 (19) 83 (11) 138 (15) 100 (15) 77 (19) 32 (9) 85 (14) 17 (7) C6 1999 0 0 104 (26) 74 (12) 93 (26) 99 (19) 60 (15) 126 (19) 97 (14) 59 (16) 52 (12) 22 (6) C6 2000 0 0 11 (6) 8 (3) 74 (21) 97 (24) 49 (16) 55 (13) 19 (8) 17 (5) 4 (3) 5 (2) C6 2001 0 0 14 (9) 30 (6) 45 (17) 24 (13) 24 (11) 51 (13) 27 (7) 6 (3) 11 (7) 2 (1) C6 2002 0 0 59 (15) 85 (12) 29 (10) 49 (11) 24 (6) 47 (16) 34 (9) 11 (3) 6 (4) 2 (2) C6 2003 0 0 32 (14) 36 (8) 51 (14) 36 (7) 67 (11) 77 (20) 36 (9) 41 (9) 21 (6) 0 C6 2004 0 0 5 (5) 8 (2) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C7 1988 0 0 15 (7) 6 (3) 8 (3) 31 (9) 26 (7) 11 (4) 19 (6) 28 (8) 13 (7) 0 C7 1989 0 0 25 (7) 16 (8) 10 (2) 15 (6) 11 (4) 20 (6) 2 (2) 6 (5) 5 (3) 1 (1) C7 1990 0 0 0 18 (5) 32 (6) 20 (5) 18 (6) 17 (7) 17 (6) 11 (2) 18 (7) 0 C7 1991 17 (3) 4 (3) 0 2 (2) 5 (3) 8 (3) 1 (1) 2 (1) 16 (8) 4 (4) 11 (5) 12 (2) C7 1992 0 0 26 (9) 4 (2) 8 (4) 3 (1) 2 (2) 2 (2) 20 (6) 15 (6) 10 (4) 2 (1) C7 1993 0 0 67 (17) 10 (5) 17 (6) 16 (4) 21 (11) 27 (8) 48 (12) 42 (8) 24 (5) 4 (3) C7 1994 0 0 12 (7) 4 (2) 10 (6) 16 (5) 9 (5) 11 (5) 18 (5) 57 (9) 39 (8) 3 (2) C7 1995 0 0 25 (4) 2 (2) 1 (1) 9 (4) 18 (8) 10 (6) 8 (4) 13 (4) 19 (3) 0 C7 1996 0 0 34 (10) 16 (5) 14 (7) 8 (3) 11 (5) 16 (6) 21 (5) 28 (9) 18 (3) 6 (1) C7 1997 0 0 70 (12) 15 (2) 11 (2) 13 (3) 29 (6) 77 (16) 29 (9) 2 (2) 3 (2) 0 C7 1998 0 0 41 (14) 13 (5) 21 (8) 28 (6) 54 (13) 63 (13) 76 (14) 59 (11) 46 (7) 31 (6) C7 1999 0 0 131 (34) 96 (14) 25 (13) 29 (11) 79 (16) 101 (19) 53 (14) 65 (13) 39 (10) 18 (5) C7 2000 0 0 17 (7) 0 23 (12) 77 (19) 69 (13) 16 (7) 18 (8) 18 (5) 19 (4) 0 C7 2001 0 0 21 (10) 6 (3) 10 (8) 13 (7) 20 (12) 40 (11) 17 (6) 15 (1) 18 (7) 1 (1) C7 2002 0 0 27 (13) 9 (4) 13 (7) 13 (7) 20 (9) 38 (11) 23 (8) 17 (2) 16 (3) 4 (3) C7 2003 0 0 13 (7) 2 (2) 12 (8) 8 (4) 3 (3) 12 (8) 21 (7) 30 (9) 48 (11) 7 (3) C7 2004 0 0 2 (2) 1 (1) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C8 1988 0 0 21 (6) 14 (4) 33 (7) 33 (5) 32 (10) 77 (8) 69 (9) 20 (7) 5 (2) 1 (1) C8 1989 0 0 42 (12) 23 (10) 19 (6) 29 (8) 31 (10) 17 (5) 18 (3) 31 (6) 42 (6) 2 (2) C8 1990 0 0 0 18 (4) 34 (6) 21 (7) 27 (7) 8 (3) 11 (3) 31 (3) 45 (5) 8 (3) C8 1991 3 (2) 2 (2) 0 28 (7) 20 (2) 16 (5) 13 (5) 18 (4) 40 (8) 22 (6) 18 (4) 12 (4) C8 1992 0 0 35 (11) 15 (4) 3 (1) 38 (8) 29 (5) 12 (5) 4 (3) 5 (1) 16 (3) 10 (4) C8 1993 0 0 64 (20) 30 (9) 28 (9) 14 (5) 48 (10) 17 (8) 33 (6) 18 (4) 4 (1) 2 (2) C8 1994 0 0 30 (15) 6 (4) 20 (9) 11 (5) 23 (8) 27 (7) 51 (11) 33 (7) 25 (5) 2 (1) C8 1995 0 0 39 (10) 15 (3) 37 (6) 37 (10) 39 (11) 35 (6) 19 (7) 57 (12) 7 (3) 0 C8 1996 0 0 40 (14) 36 (9) 66 (16) 17 (6) 24 (5) 10 (4) 22 (5) 34 (10) 2 (1) 10 (5) C8 1997 0 0 43 (13) 17 (5) 12 (5) 21 (4) 67 (9) 48 (11) 28 (8) 8 (3) 6 (2) 0 C8 1998 0 0 77 (15) 28 (6) 39 (10) 34 (9) 35 (13) 23 (10) 75 (16) 54 (13) 45 (7) 18 (8) C8 1999 0 0 115 (29) 44 (9) 12 (8) 27 (8) 43 (11) 65 (14) 51 (12) 43 (12) 45 (11) 2 (2) C8 2000 0 0 38 (11) 7 (4) 33 (9) 59 (18) 38 (11) 11 (3) 9 (4) 26 (8) 8 (5) 1 (1) C8 2001 0 0 61 (15) 25 (9) 38 (12) 17 (8) 54 (15) 55 (12) 44 (8) 11 (4) 19 (5) 2 (1) C8 2002 0 0 64 (17) 37 (10) 44 (14) 40 (14) 37 (10) 45 (16) 29 (7) 13 (5) 22 (6) 11 (3) C8 2003 0 0 66 (21) 10 (5) 33 (12) 28 (12) 10 (6) 69 (18) 31 (9) 46 (13) 41 (13) 4 (4) C8 2004 0 0 77 (12) 14 (2) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 D10 1988 0 0 67 (14) 29 (8) 57 (9) 51 (8) 57 (8) 75 (12) 35 (9) 16 (8) 12 (3) 2 (1) D10 1989 0 0 112 (28) 20 (11) 49 (10) 54 (10) 50 (13) 19 (7) 24 (5) 16 (3) 2 (2) 0 D10 1990 0 0 0 40 (10) 64 (13) 28 (10) 40 (6) 11 (6) 6 (4) 11 (3) 17 (4) 6 (2) D10 1991 67 (9) 12 (2) 0 50 (14) 34 (7) 7 (1) 25 (5) 13 (7) 21 (5) 15 (2) 0 0 D10 1992 0 0 48 (10) 55 (8) 80 (14) 61 (8) 58 (10) 44 (9) 27 (9) 33 (10) 10 (4) 3 (3) D10 1993 0 0 213 (26) 82 (19) 44 (8) 81 (14) 62 (13) 26 (5) 62 (10) 26 (6) 4 (2) 1 (1) D10 1994 0 0 56 (16) 113 (11) 111 (16) 103 (12) 85 (16) 46 (12) 32 (6) 39 (5) 13 (5) 2 (2) D10 1995 0 0 151 (16) 77 (8) 90 (11) 61 (10) 99 (14) 43 (10) 31 (8) 26 (7) 0 1 (1) D10 1996 0 0 158 (25) 56 (10) 73 (13) 114 (18) 81 (14) 86 (12) 63 (11) 23 (8) 10 (3) 8 (3) D10 1997 0 0 148 (22) 51 (10) 49 (6) 47 (9) 110 (17) 106 (21) 47 (6) 26 (7) 11 (2) 0 D10 1998 0 0 92 (26) 28 (8) 61 (13) 37 (12) 88 (14) 93 (17) 106 (16) 30 (9) 28 (5) 7 (6) D10 1999 0 0 146 (31) 30 (9) 83 (19) 88 (22) 87 (21) 72 (15) 52 (12) 92 (20) 43 (10) 1 (1) D10 2000 0 0 87 (16) 64 (9) 134 (17) 176 (27) 51 (15) 68 (16) 76 (12) 79 (10) 23 (9) 4 (3) D10 2001 0 0 134 (24) 73 (12) 113 (22) 137 (25) 126 (26) 102 (16) 71 (14) 27 (3) 5 (3) 5 (3) D10 2002 0 0 189 (30) 74 (17) 92 (23) 79 (21) 155 (28) 92 (22) 38 (13) 77 (11) 48 (11) 1 (1) D10 2003 0 0 210 (34) 16 (5) 174 (29) 140 (23) 162 (31) 96 (21) 71 (13) 72 (14) 85 (18) 5 (1) D10 2004 0 0 137 (20) 33 (5) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 D11 1988 0 0 83 (17) 51 (6) 65 (11) 58 (12) 57 (8) 40 (12) 20 (8) 40 (6) 44 (5) 16 (3) D11 1989 0 0 74 (23) 30 (9) 40 (10) 36 (10) 41 (9) 33 (7) 4 (2) 9 (3) 0 0 D11 1990 0 0 0 49 (11) 47 (13) 48 (8) 18 (6) 15 (6) 37 (7) 9 (4) 3 (3) 3 (1) D11 1991 0 0 0 157 (23) 44 (9) 10 (6) 11 (4) 4 (3) 11 (2) 1 (1) 1 (1) 1 (1) D11 1992 0 0 22 (8) 42 (10) 45 (12) 34 (5) 71 (13) 75 (11) 26 (9) 43 (7) 67 (5) 15 (3) D11 1993 0 0 51 (14) 66 (15) 13 (3) 26 (9) 44 (13) 18 (6) 17 (6) 8 (4) 1 (1) 1 (1) D11 1994 0 0 26 (11) 30 (6) 31 (9) 74 (13) 81 (13) 76 (11) 36 (9) 39 (9) 40 (6) 0 D11 1995 0 0 55 (14) 33 (2) 100 (11) 75 (10) 130 (16) 152 (14) 126 (14) 59 (10) 7 (3) 0 D11 1996 0 0 190 (31) 42 (7) 40 (7) 53 (7) 48 (11) 83 (12) 52 (8) 18 (4) 5 (2) 0 D11 1997 0 0 47 (17) 5 (3) 17 (4) 4 (4) 28 (11) 27 (11) 2 (2) 2 (1) 16 (3) 5 (1) D11 1998 0 0 73 (14) 25 (3) 35 (7) 14 (3) 16 (7) 41 (10) 29 (8) 19 (7) 61 (7) 12 (3) D11 1999 0 0 36 (13) 30 (4) 44 (9) 41 (8) 51 (8) 60 (10) 41 (9) 45 (12) 43 (9) 39 (5) D11 2000 0 0 23 (7) 13 (4) 8 (6) 58 (11) 79 (15) 73 (15) 72 (10) 47 (9) 17 (4) 0 D11 2001 0 0 49 (13) 71 (8) 58 (14) 98 (17) 127 (23) 114 (15) 37 (8) 0 6 (3) 1 (1)


127

D11 2002 0 0 90 (23) 67 (12) 62 (12) 41 (11) 135 (24) 189 (31) 83 (15) 53 (11) 41 (9) 1 (1) D11 2003 0 0 77 (17) 26 (4) 61 (22) 89 (20) 127 (27) 128 (18) 68 (13) 62 (16) 31 (6) 1 (1) D11 2004 0 0 31 (16) 9 (2) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 D8 1988 0 0 26 (7) 10 (2) 2 (2) 12 (4) 8 (2) 36 (8) 19 (5) 12 (6) 2 (2) 1 (1) D8 1989 0 0 44 (11) 14 (5) 20 (4) 21 (4) 20 (5) 12 (2) 13 (2) 23 (4) 4 (2) 1 (1) D8 1990 0 0 0 15 (5) 30 (10) 18 (4) 19 (5) 15 (2) 5 (2) 35 (2) 19 (3) 11 (3) D8 1991 5 (3) 3 (1) 0 28 (7) 8 (5) 6 (3) 10 (3) 29 (4) 21 (6) 6 (1) 0 1 (1) D8 1992 0 0 66 (12) 57 (7) 22 (4) 18 (6) 8 (3) 19 (5) 8 (3) 20 (5) 12 (3) 7 (5) D8 1993 0 0 94 (21) 15 (5) 7 (5) 38 (8) 44 (11) 19 (5) 7 (6) 21 (8) 0 3 (3) D8 1994 0 0 119 (30) 34 (6) 18 (8) 19 (3) 14 (6) 27 (4) 30 (3) 26 (8) 22 (6) 15 (4) D8 1995 0 0 32 (12) 9 (5) 6 (2) 6 (4) 56 (10) 15 (5) 10 (5) 14 (10) 8 (2) 0 D8 1996 0 0 37 (15) 50 (12) 31 (12) 19 (9) 15 (4) 10 (6) 20 (6) 24 (8) 5 (2) 8 (2) D8 1997 0 0 49 (17) 33 (8) 16 (5) 9 (4) 70 (11) 12 (7) 13 (4) 9 (3) 1 (1) 0 D8 1998 0 0 100 (22) 74 (8) 78 (12) 42 (11) 20 (8) 24 (10) 32 (10) 20 (4) 56 (7) 18 (6) D8 1999 0 0 96 (24) 66 (11) 49 (12) 18 (10) 25 (9) 30 (14) 26 (10) 40 (13) 31 (7) 6 (3) D8 2000 0 0 62 (15) 27 (7) 34 (9) 47 (18) 45 (13) 28 (7) 7 (2) 15 (5) 20 (5) 0 D8 2001 0 0 48 (13) 24 (6) 24 (12) 35 (10) 38 (10) 35 (9) 15 (5) 15 (3) 10 (4) 4 (4) D8 2002 0 0 96 (21) 42 (10) 32 (17) 37 (15) 61 (12) 60 (18) 18 (7) 14 (7) 23 (4) 3 (2) D8 2003 0 0 94 (22) 33 (12) 44 (19) 50 (14) 55 (15) 49 (20) 22 (12) 17 (12) 30 (12) 0 D8 2004 0 0 71 (12) 14 (2) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 D9 1988 0 0 46 (15) 23 (7) 36 (10) 11 (5) 36 (8) 68 (12) 46 (11) 27 (10) 15 (3) 0 D9 1989 0 0 107 (19) 30 (12) 20 (7) 16 (7) 26 (8) 30 (5) 45 (6) 58 (9) 17 (3) 1 (1) D9 1990 0 0 0 74 (13) 86 (12) 20 (6) 26 (7) 9 (6) 18 (4) 13 (3) 31 (6) 8 (2) D9 1991 6 (3) 5 (2) 0 34 (13) 15 (7) 11 (4) 22 (5) 19 (5) 26 (11) 5 (4) 4 (2) 0 D9 1992 0 0 45 (14) 24 (8) 18 (9) 22 (6) 7 (4) 32 (6) 12 (5) 40 (8) 11 (2) 3 (2) D9 1993 0 0 87 (21) 92 (17) 26 (8) 60 (10) 40 (12) 22 (6) 54 (11) 3 (3) 3 (1) 8 (5) D9 1994 0 0 125 (31) 35 (8) 64 (11) 32 (9) 35 (9) 47 (11) 30 (11) 42 (7) 53 (10) 11 (4) D9 1995 0 0 57 (17) 30 (3) 23 (6) 26 (8) 30 (11) 6 (3) 56 (9) 25 (7) 9 (3) 3 (2) D9 1996 0 0 60 (15) 23 (8) 80 (14) 75 (16) 54 (11) 47 (12) 59 (10) 26 (7) 41 (4) 5 (1) D9 1997 0 0 100 (20) 60 (7) 26 (6) 18 (7) 40 (11) 70 (15) 27 (10) 17 (7) 1 (1) 1 (1) D9 1998 0 0 98 (16) 48 (10) 39 (9) 78 (10) 78 (15) 77 (18) 94 (13) 70 (12) 62 (11) 11 (4) D9 1999 0 0 165 (29) 49 (10) 56 (20) 29 (12) 49 (15) 40 (14) 27 (8) 56 (13) 44 (11) 9 (3) D9 2000 0 0 102 (19) 57 (10) 93 (13) 75 (23) 46 (11) 49 (11) 41 (6) 52 (9) 32 (6) 1 (1) D9 2001 0 0 89 (18) 25 (4) 67 (15) 73 (16) 67 (18) 39 (12) 22 (11) 11 (3) 16 (5) 5 (2) D9 2002 0 0 92 (22) 31 (13) 46 (15) 32 (11) 74 (18) 53 (17) 40 (6) 19 (7) 38 (9) 14 (4) D9 2003 0 0 68 (23) 19 (6) 74 (18) 64 (18) 70 (18) 66 (24) 23 (13) 48 (12) 29 (14) 0 D9 2004 0 0 43 (11) 10 (3) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 E11 1988 0 0 95 (17) 62 (8) 56 (8) 19 (8) 47 (9) 20 (7) 19 (7) 36 (8) 21 (3) 0 E11 1989 0 0 122 (26) 40 (9) 47 (9) 36 (6) 20 (7) 18 (4) 8 (3) 3 (2) 0 1 (1) E11 1990 0 0 0 50 (11) 49 (9) 39 (10) 36 (8) 4 (3) 25 (5) 19 (4) 1 (1) 2 (1) E11 1991 0 0 0 38 (13) 25 (8) 1 (1) 11 (3) 19 (4) 9 (4) 2 (2) 0 0 E11 1992 0 0 11 (6) 49 (9) 73 (11) 14 (5) 24 (6) 49 (7) 32 (8) 68 (14) 36 (5) 5 (1) E11 1993 0 0 71 (16) 87 (13) 18 (7) 63 (12) 52 (12) 35 (5) 26 (10) 9 (3) 5 (2) 2 (2) E11 1994 0 0 14 (9) 11 (4) 61 (12) 63 (14) 93 (14) 40 (10) 55 (9) 67 (9) 69 (9) 12 (3) E11 1995 0 0 75 (9) 30 (2) 98 (15) 33 (12) 56 (14) 80 (11) 53 (8) 59 (10) 45 (7) 13 (2) E11 1996 0 0 172 (25) 45 (12) 94 (15) 59 (12) 49 (14) 38 (12) 65 (8) 51 (9) 17 (2) 2 (1) E11 1997 0 0 70 (17) 66 (9) 41 (9) 37 (8) 116 (16) 61 (12) 65 (8) 46 (9) 36 (5) 5 (2) E11 1998 0 0 123 (19) 43 (7) 80 (16) 25 (12) 10 (6) 37 (12) 46 (9) 54 (6) 23 (4) 4 (1) E11 1999 0 0 27 (12) 21 (7) 50 (19) 90 (17) 67 (14) 44 (15) 30 (10) 60 (18) 21 (10) 4 (2) E11 2000 0 0 10 (6) 41 (10) 42 (10) 54 (19) 50 (17) 38 (16) 41 (9) 68 (13) 43 (7) 9 (1) E11 2001 0 0 160 (22) 33 (10) 64 (17) 43 (17) 78 (21) 52 (16) 41 (10) 17 (5) 14 (4) 2 (1) E11 2002 0 0 87 (17) 45 (11) 64 (14) 73 (19) 79 (20) 61 (19) 88 (17) 83 (13) 90 (13) 5 (3) E11 2003 0 0 45 (15) 13 (4) 48 (19) 61 (16) 55 (22) 103 (25) 56 (15) 112

(20) 100 (18) 19 (7)

E11 2004 0 0 95 (17) 15 (6) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 F11 1988 0 0 7 (6) 11 (7) 7 (4) 9 (5) 2 (2) 15 (2) 13 (4) 11 (3) 10 (2) 2 (1) F11 1989 0 0 32 (15) 7 (4) 9 (3) 9 (4) 0 14 (4) 3 (2) 6 (2) 6 (2) 0 F11 1990 0 0 0 12 (5) 31 (12) 80 (14) 40 (6) 43 (6) 42 (6) 26 (3) 0 0 F11 1991 4 (1) 3 (2) 0 1 (1) 22 (5) 21 (2) 18 (5) 9 (7) 16 (2) 14 (2) 10 (2) 0 F11 1992 0 0 30 (6) 26 (7) 43 (7) 30 (9) 24 (5) 20 (8) 22 (7) 8 (5) 2 (2) 0 F11 1993 0 0 62 (13) 16 (6) 21 (9) 38 (9) 84 (16) 66 (11) 49 (12) 8 (4) 8 (2) 1 (1) F11 1994 0 0 42 (14) 47 (8) 42 (12) 31 (10) 21 (8) 23 (7) 31 (9) 18 (3) 24 (4) 0 F11 1995 0 0 35 (10) 12 (2) 31 (6) 33 (7) 20 (6) 19 (5) 14 (7) 6 (4) 19 (2) 5 (2) F11 1996 0 0 36 (11) 17 (7) 29 (9) 20 (7) 12 (7) 11 (6) 5 (3) 4 (3) 1 (1) 6 (2) F11 1997 0 0 105 (24) 79 (9) 20 (7) 24 (5) 66 (13) 29 (8) 33 (7) 37 (6) 33 (3) 17 (3) F11 1998 0 0 46 (11) 17 (6) 23 (8) 25 (8) 18 (8) 32 (8) 8 (6) 17 (5) 30 (6) 11 (2) F11 1999 0 0 77 (14) 27 (10) 29 (12) 19 (11) 23 (13) 20 (11) 18 (8) 27 (9) 18 (7) 1 (1) F11 2000 0 0 37 (9) 57 (12) 18 (8) 32 (13) 92 (20) 70 (17) 23 (6) 15 (4) 58 (12) 1 (1) F11 2001 0 0 112 (17) 39 (11) 90 (13) 59 (15) 79 (18) 42 (12) 27 (8) 15 (5) 24 (4) 13 (2) F11 2002 0 0 23 (7) 20 (5) 33 (10) 52 (11) 37 (15) 23 (13) 32 (7) 29 (10) 17 (4) 7 (2) F11 2003 0 0 54 (11) 33 (6) 51 (12) 32 (15) 11 (7) 20 (10) 8 (3) 30 (8) 20 (8) 4 (2) F11 2004 0 0 17 (6) 3 (2) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G12 1988 0 0 62 (11) 25 (5) 22 (4) 22 (3) 8 (6) 18 (6) 8 (5) 13 (7) 17 (3) 0 G12 1989 0 0 29 (5) 41 (11) 13 (5) 27 (5) 9 (3) 53 (10) 59 (11) 52 (10) 47 (6) 17 (3) G12 1990 0 0 0 9 (6) 138 (21) 132 (21) 47 (9) 59 (7) 12 (3) 27 (5) 0 1 (1) G12 1991 13 (2) 15 (3) 9 (1) 73 (11) 31 (8) 15 (4) 24 (8) 31 (8) 20 (5) 2 (1) 7 (3) 0 G12 1992 0 0 188 (21) 68 (10) 56 (7) 50 (6) 38 (4) 36 (4) 30 (8) 54 (9) 34 (4) 9 (2) G12 1993 0 0 146 (18) 141 (15) 181 (21) 184 (17) 93 (16) 135 (15) 110 (14) 45 (6) 22 (2) 5 (4) G12 1994 0 0 170 (23) 84 (13) 104 (13) 66 (13) 117 (15) 89 (13) 77 (9) 23 (4) 12 (3) 19 (3) G12 1995 0 0 224 (17) 170 (13) 127 (13) 127 (18) 38 (13) 93 (10) 60 (8) 64 (5) 29 (2) 2 (1) G12 1996 0 0 161 (21) 103 (13) 50 (10) 34 (10) 16 (6) 156 (21) 32 (7) 19 (5) 1 (1) 1 (1) G12 1997 0 0 223 (28) 68 (8) 47 (5) 11 (2) 39 (6) 38 (8) 18 (6) 22 (5) 23 (3) 9 (4) G12 1998 0 0 125 (15) 50 (9) 61 (7) 160 (17) 163 (21) 108 (16) 20 (7) 31 (5) 46 (7) 38 (4) G12 1999 0 0 151 (18) 140 (14) 138 (20) 139 (22) 113 (19) 134 (20) 58 (15) 80 (17) 38 (6) 8 (2) G12 2000 0 0 123 (17) 132 (17) 219 (25) 278 (33) 183 (28) 237 (32) 33 (6) 57 (9) 40 (10) 2 (2) G12 2001 0 0 65 (14) 116 (15) 95 (14) 217 (34) 57 (16) 31 (12) 6 (4) 33 (4) 25 (5) 0 G12 2002 0 0 95 (14) 33 (9) 81 (16) 98 (18) 34 (14) 36 (17) 11 (5) 15 (4) 10 (4) 1 (1) G12 2003 0 0 92 (17) 64 (7) 129 (24) 169 (24) 210 (29) 53 (12) 27 (8) 27 (5) 26 (9) 3 (2) G12 2004 0 0 50 (8) 30 (7) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G13 1988 0 0 46 (10) 34 (10) 29 (10) 11 (2) 19 (7) 12 (6) 22 (6) 35 (9) 24 (4) 2 (2) G13 1989 0 0 106 (19) 32 (10) 25 (8) 13 (5) 8 (4) 30 (6) 35 (10) 33 (8) 2 (2) 0 G13 1990 0 0 0 52 (14) 105 (19) 80 (15) 17 (6) 28 (6) 21 (7) 39 (9) 12 (1) 11 (4) G13 1991 20 (4) 32 (5) 9 (1) 107 (18) 40 (9) 35 (7) 47 (7) 37 (8) 29 (7) 11 (4) 27 (5) 0 G13 1992 0 0 122 (18) 39 (7) 43 (10) 42 (8) 29 (5) 35 (4) 24 (7) 53 (9) 11 (5) 0 G13 1993 0 0 211 (20) 46 (9) 56 (13) 78 (22) 70 (11) 54 (11) 54 (10) 53 (7) 22 (3) 11 (3) G13 1994 0 0 100 (21) 22 (3) 58 (14) 53 (11) 41 (8) 59 (11) 31 (6) 35 (6) 29 (2) 5 (3) G13 1995 0 0 38 (8) 19 (4) 24 (7) 38 (9) 26 (7) 26 (7) 24 (5) 34 (7) 18 (3) 1 (1) G13 1996 0 0 64 (15) 36 (12) 19 (8) 20 (6) 29 (9) 45 (13) 13 (4) 24 (8) 9 (2) 0 G13 1997 0 0 153 (25) 46 (10) 16 (5) 46 (7) 54 (14) 25 (9) 25 (6) 38 (6) 19 (1) 4 (2) G13 1998 0 0 35 (15) 67 (12) 27 (10) 30 (13) 48 (16) 16 (5) 27 (8) 74 (13) 18 (4) 5 (2) G13 1999 0 0 158 (21) 71 (12) 69 (17) 59 (18) 56 (14) 72 (17) 75 (12) 57 (14) 28 (13) 6 (2) G13 2000 0 0 109 (20) 51 (14) 89 (20) 66 (23) 69 (19) 44 (19) 57 (8) 85 (11) 46 (9) 1 (1) G13 2001 0 0 91 (19) 55 (10) 46 (16) 74 (22) 53 (21) 29 (10) 14 (6) 54 (6) 60 (8) 8 (3) G13 2002 0 0 56 (12) 20 (10) 68 (16) 48 (18) 56 (18) 32 (12) 27 (10) 36 (5) 19 (8) 14 (5) G13 2003 0 0 68 (17) 25 (7) 44 (14) 49 (15) 60 (14) 59 (18) 69 (15) 115

(20) 53 (12) 20 (8)

G13 2004 0 0 68 (10) 19 (5) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G14 1988 0 0 2 (2) 11 (5) 11 (4) 1 (1) 24 (5) 2 (2) 3 (3) 7 (4) 2 (1) 0 G14 1989 0 0 34 (12) 10 (5) 8 (3) 1 (1) 7 (4) 26 (4) 25 (8) 4 (3) 1 (1) 0 G14 1990 0 0 0 50 (11) 40 (15) 35 (17) 44 (12) 23 (8) 27 (3) 5 (4) 3 (2) 5 (2) G14 1991 2 (2) 7 (5) 0 24 (9) 21 (4) 8 (4) 14 (8) 28 (7) 26 (7) 5 (1) 20 (5) 0 G14 1992 0 0 27 (10) 11 (4) 6 (4) 7 (4) 12 (5) 20 (3) 12 (5) 3 (3) 20 (3) 0 G14 1993 0 0 19 (7) 10 (4) 38 (11) 25 (11) 25 (8) 25 (8) 18 (10) 3 (3) 1 (1) 0 G14 1994 0 0 7 (5) 3 (3) 12 (4) 26 (4) 15 (5) 24 (6) 18 (6) 6 (4) 1 (1) 1 (1) G14 1995 0 0 5 (3) 5 (1) 4 (3) 26 (6) 31 (7) 21 (8) 21 (4) 1 (1) 11 (1) 1 (1)


128

G14 1996 0 0 25 (6) 78 (17) 25 (7) 31 (7) 30 (9) 62 (16) 103 (9) 32 (5) 14 (2) 0 G14 1997 0 0 48 (14) 27 (8) 40 (5) 35 (6) 17 (6) 31 (11) 42 (7) 20 (6) 17 (2) 3 (2) G14 1998 0 0 21 (12) 34 (9) 10 (7) 23 (10) 24 (11) 23 (6) 30 (9) 39 (9) 10 (6) 1 (1) G14 1999 0 0 32 (8) 31 (10) 66 (20) 27 (14) 66 (20) 53 (17) 46 (12) 19 (10) 38 (13) 5 (2) G14 2000 0 0 79 (18) 29 (13) 42 (17) 59 (17) 53 (21) 67 (19) 22 (7) 15 (4) 25 (9) 2 (2) G14 2001 0 0 44 (16) 11 (5) 13 (9) 21 (12) 38 (16) 25 (10) 14 (4) 16 (6) 11 (3) 8 (4) G14 2002 0 0 37 (8) 32 (8) 25 (12) 34 (18) 28 (9) 32 (13) 20 (8) 14 (5) 5 (4) 2 (2) G14 2003 0 0 17 (9) 19 (6) 16 (9) 27 (17) 22 (12) 77 (19) 29 (11) 18 (9) 15 (9) 5 (5) G14 2004 0 0 28 (8) 40 (7) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


129


Table 14.42 Example genstat code used to analyse southern tiger prawn catches.

‘General Linear Model.’ MODEL [DISTRIBUTION=normal; LINK=identity; DISPERSION=*] logwt FIT [PRINT=model,summary,estimates,accumulated,correlations; CONSTANT=estimate; FPROB=yes; TPROB=yes;\ FACT=2] year+month+grid+lunar+lunar_adv+logbanana+logking+logendeavour +\ loghp+logspeed+sonar+gps2+compmap+\ nettype+lognet+logmesh+ggear4+logchain+boards+\ brdted+tryyesno ‘Linear Mixed Model.REML’ VCOMPONENTS [FIXED= year+month+grid+lunar+lunar_adv+logbanana+logking+logendeavour +\ loghp+gps2+nettype+lognet+tryyesno; FACTORIAL=2] \ RANDOM=record_number; INITIAL=1;CONSTRAINTS=positive REML [PRINT=model,components,effects,vcovariance,deviance,waldTests,\ covariancemodel; PSE=estimates; MVINCLUDE=*; method=ai] logwt

Table 14.43 Linear correlations between some of the different southern tiger prawn vessel characteristics.

Vessel length

Engine HP

Trawl speed

Gear box ratio


Propeller size

Propeller pitch


Computer mapping

Try gear net


Mesh size

Chain size

Vessel length 1.00

Engine HP 0.61 1.00

Trawl speed 0.19 0.45 1.00

Gear box ratio 0.59 0.56 0.30 1.00

Fuel capacity 0.59 0.67 0.38 0.56 1.00

Fuel use 0.66 0.78 0.36 0.60 0.71 1.00

Propeller size 0.68 0.61 0.27 0.75 0.62 0.67 1.00

Propeller pitch 0.59 0.58 0.39 0.75 0.50 0.57 0.67 1.00


Sonar 0.16 0.15 0.17 0.18 0.06 0.18 0.18 0.22 0.22 1.00

GPS 0.12 0.09 0.14 0.15 0.16 0.16 0.13 0.12 0.19 0.09 1.00


Try gear net 0.29 0.47 0.38 0.46 0.39 0.46 0.39 0.39 0.24 0.18 0.11 0.27 1.00

BRD and TED –0.05 0.07 0.15 0.10 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.08 0.21 0.03 0.20 0.52 0.22 1.00

Net size 0.37 0.38 0.03 0.29 0.36 0.43 0.52 0.33 0.05 0.10 0.11 0.00 –0.01 –0.07 1.00

Mesh size 0.12 0.13 0.08 0.17 0.13 0.18 0.14 0.14 0.07 0.05 0.15 0.09 0.08 0.06 0.19 1.00

Chain size 0.25 0.24 0.11 0.16 0.34 0.23 0.20 0.13 –0.03 –0.08 0.03 0.07 0.05 –0.04 0.17 0.05 1.00


130

Table 14.44 The southern tiger prawn general linear model (GLM) β2 parameter correlations between the different vessel characteristics

Engine HP

Trawl speed Sonar GPS Computer


Net — quad

Net — five Net size Mesh


Chain — looped

Chain — rope

Chain — others

Chain size

Board — bison

Board —lourve/kilfoil

Board — others

BRD and TED

Net — try gear

Engine HP 1.00


Sonar –0.03 –0.04 1.00

GPS 0.01 –0.01 –0.05 1.00

Computer mapping 0.08 –0.11 –0.07 –0.09 1.00

Net — triple 0.21 0.03 0.09 0.02 0.01 1.00

Net — quad 0.17 –0.04 0.03 0.07 0.03 0.92 1.00

Net -— five 0.06 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.04 0.23 0.23 1.00

Net size –0.48 0.07 –0.06 –0.13 –0.04 –0.41 –0.37 –0.11 1.00

Mesh size –0.07 0.07 –0.02 –0.10 0.00 –0.06 –0.10 –0.02 –0.03 1.00

Chain — sliding rings –0.05 0.01 –0.21 –0.02 –0.04 –0.05 –0.03 –0.01 0.01 0.13 1.00

Chain — looped 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 –0.05 0.00 0.01 1.00

Chain — rope 0.17 –0.23 –0.05 –0.04 0.00 0.06 0.02 0.01 –0.11 0.03 0.03 0.02 1.00

Chain — others 0.10 –0.06 0.07 –0.03 –0.05 0.12 0.09 0.04 –0.03 0.06 0.00 –0.01 0.04 1.00

Chain size –0.24 0.01 0.08 0.01 –0.06 –0.09 –0.06 –0.03 –0.02 –0.07 –0.01 –0.01 –0.16 –0.07 1.00

Board — bison 0.04 –0.18 –0.01 –0.05 0.07 0.10 0.07 0.04 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.13 0.07 –0.05 1.00

Board — lourve/kilfoil 0.10 –0.10 0.11 0.03 0.07 0.13 0.04 0.05 –0.02 0.04 –0.06 –0.06 0.07 0.13 –0.14 0.32 1.00

Board — others 0.09 –0.05 –0.03 –0.02 0.06 0.08 0.01 0.01 –0.10 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.06 0.06 0.10 0.13 0.17 1.00

BRD and TED 0.00 –0.02 0.04 0.07 –0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 –0.01 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.03 –0.07 0.03 0.03 –0.01 –0.04 1.00

Net — try gear –0.28 –0.01 –0.03 –0.01 –0.15 0.08 –0.08 –0.04 0.05 0.02 0.04 0.00 0.11 –0.08 –0.02 0.03 –0.02 0.02 –0.05 1.00


131

Figure 14.10 Standardised residuals from the southern tiger prawn analyses.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 70

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000


Freq

uenc

y

Data

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1-3.7

-3.65

-3.6

-3.55

-3.5

-3.45

-3.4

-3.35


λ

Log

likel

ihoo

d

Figure 14.11 Histogram of the natural logarithm transformation of the observed southern tiger prawn catches and the plot of the Box-Cox likelihood.


132

Table 14.45 Yearly summary of the number of boats and daily catches of southern tiger prawns analysed.

Fishing Year Number of boats Number of days fished 1988 65 1430 1989 74 1966 1990 75 1858 1991 86 2334 1992 75 1154 1993 88 2527 1994 122 5145 1995 118 4220 1996 149 5551 1997 166 5941 1998 168 6270 1999 170 5892 2000 113 3409 2001 100 2375 2002 130 3963 2003 140 4679 2004 39 491


133

Table 14.46 Summary of the number of daily catches of southern tiger prawns analysed by fishing year, month and grid. The number of boats associated to the number of daily catches is shown in parenthesis. Grid Year January February March April May June July August September October November December G15 1988 0 0 4 (1) 2 (2) 3 (2) 0 6 (2) 0 3 (1) 1 (1) 0 0 G15 1989 0 0 15 (5) 3 (1) 1 (1) 28 (2) 2 (1) 3 (2) 13 (2) 8 (3) 0 0 G15 1990 0 0 14 (2) 51 (8) 23 (6) 10 (5) 14 (5) 22 (3) 9 (3) 1 (1) 0 20 (3) G15 1991 0 14 (2) 6 (1) 1 (1) 1 (1) 3 (2) 18 (5) 16 (6) 9 (5) 5 (2) 7 (2) 0 G15 1992 1 (1) 0 6 (4) 1 (1) 10 (1) 10 (3) 3 (3) 2 (1) 7 (4) 2 (1) 7 (1) 0 G15 1993 3 (1) 1 (1) 7 (4) 2 (1) 16 (6) 16 (10) 10 (4) 15 (4) 8 (4) 14 (1) 0 0 G15 1994 9 (2) 17 (2) 9 (4) 7 (4) 4 (3) 9 (3) 5 (2) 17 (3) 24 (4) 2 (2) 1 (1) 0 G15 1995 0 0 4 (2) 11 (2) 2 (1) 7 (3) 10 (4) 40 (8) 19 (9) 1 (1) 0 0 G15 1996 0 1 (1) 6 (3) 21 (4) 10 (3) 12 (4) 3 (2) 4 (3) 22 (4) 20 (3) 11 (3) 3 (2) G15 1997 0 5 (1) 21 (9) 16 (4) 10 (4) 5 (2) 6 (5) 15 (3) 6 (3) 4 (3) 0 0 G15 1998 0 0 14 (6) 30 (9) 9 (4) 4 (3) 14 (5) 17 (3) 15 (5) 6 (5) 0 0 G15 1999 1 (1) 0 8 (5) 13 (5) 20 (8) 10 (4) 11 (7) 14 (3) 20 (4) 24 (8) 8 (5) 7 (2) G15 2000 0 0 30 (12) 24 (8) 18 (9) 14 (7) 18 (8) 28 (8) 3 (2) 5 (4) 18 (6) 0 G15 2001 0 0 13 (6) 24 (9) 14 (9) 5 (5) 9 (6) 14 (7) 10 (5) 4 (3) 0 0 G15 2002 0 0 17 (6) 39 (8) 23 (8) 10 (5) 10 (5) 44 (11) 35 (7) 5 (1) 0 2 (2) G15 2003 0 0 6 (6) 18 (7) 6 (4) 12 (8) 19 (6) 41 (12) 17 (5) 2 (1) 4 (2) 1 (1) G15 2004 0 0 4 (2) 19 (6) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 H15 1988 0 0 2 (2) 8 (6) 6 (2) 5 (4) 8 (5) 5 (3) 28 (7) 8 (5) 0 0 H15 1989 0 0 51 (16) 22 (6) 5 (5) 6 (1) 21 (5) 27 (6) 8 (4) 3 (2) 0 0 H15 1990 1 (1) 0 21 (3) 54 (10) 7 (5) 13 (9) 70 (12) 63 (13) 13 (6) 8 (3) 1 (1) 0 H15 1991 1 (1) 0 12 (2) 10 (5) 14 (5) 23 (5) 63 (10) 64 (7) 31 (6) 9 (2) 4 (4) 0 H15 1992 0 0 5 (2) 1 (1) 14 (7) 22 (8) 25 (7) 13 (3) 25 (5) 7 (2) 1 (1) 0 H15 1993 0 1 (1) 7 (2) 11 (4) 76 (13) 31 (13) 30 (10) 10 (6) 31 (10) 16 (7) 16 (2) 3 (2) H15 1994 2 (1) 2 (2) 12 (9) 38 (7) 30 (12) 59 (15) 11 (6) 46 (11) 21 (11) 5 (3) 0 7 (2) H15 1995 2 (1) 0 5 (3) 10 (4) 14 (5) 34 (8) 49 (10) 79 (13) 15 (7) 6 (4) 4 (2) 6 (2) H15 1996 2 (1) 6 (2) 17 (6) 82 (18) 65 (10) 75 (11) 72 (11) 33 (11) 48 (7) 16 (6) 6 (2) 6 (2) H15 1997 3 (2) 19 (7) 39 (12) 9 (6) 39 (9) 27 (11) 41 (18) 33 (11) 29 (9) 12 (5) 1 (1) 12 (3) H15 1998 0 8 (4) 18 (9) 58 (14) 41 (13) 44 (9) 57 (12) 60 (14) 12 (7) 42 (10) 30 (4) 8 (4) H15 1999 0 11 (4) 69 (13) 62 (19) 118 (29) 78 (24) 61 (17) 56 (17) 117 (17) 55 (20) 64 (9) 6 (2) H15 2000 0 0 36 (14) 91 (14) 73 (19) 94 (24) 92 (27) 97 (20) 73 (13) 59 (12) 57 (12) 1 (1) H15 2001 0 0 20 (7) 35 (11) 55 (19) 15 (7) 84 (11) 59 (16) 43 (8) 8 (4) 9 (5) 5 (3) H15 2002 0 0 13 (5) 54 (15) 76 (19) 73 (16) 61 (14) 97 (19) 68 (15) 15 (7) 6 (5) 4 (2) H15 2003 0 0 11 (8) 17 (11) 37 (12) 69 (20) 52 (19) 132 (28) 82 (18) 19 (10) 25 (7) 4 (2) H15 2004 0 0 16 (6) 32 (13) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 H16 1988 0 0 2 (1) 8 (5) 6 (3) 8 (4) 3 (2) 3 (2) 12 (5) 5 (3) 0 0 H16 1989 0 0 7 (6) 5 (4) 3 (3) 9 (3) 3 (1) 18 (6) 35 (5) 6 (2) 0 0 H16 1990 0 0 1 (1) 13 (6) 11 (5) 24 (8) 40 (12) 16 (6) 5 (4) 1 (1) 0 0 H16 1991 9 (1) 2 (1) 8 (4) 14 (9) 81 (11) 80 (10) 18 (8) 26 (7) 27 (7) 24 (3) 7 (2) 1 (1) H16 1992 0 0 0 14 (4) 40 (5) 19 (9) 8 (5) 6 (3) 9 (5) 2 (1) 2 (2) 1 (1) H16 1993 0 18 (3) 0 26 (5) 66 (16) 50 (16) 51 (10) 25 (8) 46 (11) 9 (4) 7 (2) 3 (1) H16 1994 1 (1) 3 (1) 16 (8) 62 (13) 70 (11) 35 (11) 16 (4) 13 (9) 25 (6) 24 (7) 1 (1) 1 (1) H16 1995 0 7 (2) 11 (3) 25 (6) 17 (3) 13 (5) 46 (13) 46 (15) 70 (16) 8 (4) 2 (1) 7 (1) H16 1996 6 (1) 10 (3) 10 (2) 46 (9) 17 (7) 33 (10) 41 (12) 32 (8) 29 (10) 34 (8) 13 (3) 7 (2) H16 1997 11 (3) 24 (7) 28 (8) 23 (7) 88 (13) 50 (11) 48 (13) 47 (8) 54 (10) 36 (7) 6 (2) 1 (1) H16 1998 0 28 (13) 71 (13) 150 (20) 104 (15) 60 (10) 57 (13) 37 (12) 70 (14) 43 (10) 11 (6) 10 (3) H16 1999 6 (2) 14 (9) 26 (11) 113 (18) 229 (33) 205 (29) 72 (22) 91 (21) 154 (21) 152 (21) 93 (14) 59 (8) H16 2000 0 0 64 (17) 68 (19) 98 (22) 124 (28) 109 (26) 77 (24) 46 (13) 77 (13) 35 (12) 15 (4) H16 2001 0 0 12 (7) 24 (7) 80 (18) 24 (12) 23 (11) 26 (10) 15 (4) 2 (2) 0 5 (2) H16 2002 0 0 6 (5) 49 (12) 55 (18) 49 (18) 16 (10) 66 (22) 37 (16) 13 (6) 2 (2) 15 (4) H16 2003 0 0 20 (6) 24 (8) 42 (12) 63 (24) 52 (16) 87 (18) 95 (24) 29 (13) 17 (7) 2 (2) H16 2004 0 0 11 (3) 45 (9) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 H17 1988 0 0 1 (1) 1 (1) 1 (1) 2 (1) 5 (1) 0 0 0 4 (1) 0 H17 1989 0 0 8 (5) 4 (2) 3 (2) 8 (3) 6 (3) 0 1 (1) 11 (3) 1 (1) 0 H17 1990 0 0 0 1 (1) 0 1 (1) 1 (1) 15 (1) 0 0 0 0 H17 1991 0 0 3 (2) 1 (1) 0 0 1 (1) 1 (1) 0 0 0 0 H17 1992 0 0 0 0 3 (1) 1 (1) 0 0 0 0 7 (1) 2 (1) H17 1993 1 (1) 1 (1) 2 (1) 1 (1) 2 (2) 8 (4) 2 (2) 11 (4) 25 (5) 11 (3) 0 0 H17 1994 6 (1) 2 (1) 10 (7) 11 (7) 3 (1) 0 0 2 (2) 4 (3) 2 (2) 0 0 H17 1995 0 0 3 (1) 1 (1) 9 (3) 0 3 (2) 3 (2) 7 (2) 1 (1) 4 (1) 0 H17 1996 1 (1) 12 (3) 0 2 (1) 2 (1) 4 (3) 0 2 (1) 2 (1) 1 (1) 0 0 H17 1997 2 (2) 6 (3) 5 (3) 0 1 (1) 0 5 (4) 5 (2) 14 (4) 0 0 3 (1) H17 1998 0 10 (4) 3 (3) 1 (1) 1 (1) 0 3 (2) 2 (2) 9 (2) 10 (2) 1 (1) 2 (1) H17 1999 4 (1) 6 (2) 0 5 (4) 6 (4) 10 (3) 7 (2) 8 (2) 11 (2) 27 (9) 5 (3) 6 (2) H17 2000 0 0 7 (3) 2 (1) 1 (1) 3 (2) 4 (3) 4 (3) 0 1 (1) 6 (4) 2 (1) H17 2001 0 0 1 (1) 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 (1) 0 0 H17 2002 0 0 0 0 1 (1) 1 (1) 0 1 (1) 7 (4) 3 (2) 0 2 (1) H17 2003 0 0 0 0 4 (3) 2 (2) 1 (1) 5 (2) 9 (5) 0 10 (4) 0 I17 1988 0 0 2 (2) 1 (1) 13 (3) 7 (2) 2 (1) 7 (2) 2 (2) 5 (2) 1 (1) 0 I17 1989 0 0 17 (6) 24 (8) 9 (6) 8 (3) 2 (1) 11 (1) 13 (2) 24 (4) 27 (7) 5 (3) I17 1990 1 (1) 5 (2) 27 (5) 17 (3) 12 (4) 11 (3) 21 (4) 5 (1) 2 (2) 0 9 (1) 4 (2) I17 1991 3 (3) 0 7 (4) 5 (4) 10 (6) 10 (5) 1 (1) 0 1 (1) 3 (2) 2 (2) 0 I17 1992 0 1 (1) 0 2 (2) 0 1 (1) 3 (2) 3 (2) 3 (1) 11 (2) 1 (1) 0 I17 1993 0 5 (3) 3 (1) 4 (2) 10 (5) 29 (8) 26 (6) 11 (5) 3 (1) 6 (4) 0 3 (3) I17 1994 8 (1) 4 (3) 37 (15) 47 (7) 35 (6) 29 (7) 6 (3) 2 (2) 10 (4) 11 (3) 0 0 I17 1995 2 (1) 4 (2) 3 (3) 9 (4) 13 (8) 8 (2) 22 (6) 9 (3) 7 (2) 6 (4) 5 (1) 29 (3) I17 1996 10 (1) 9 (6) 0 36 (6) 4 (3) 26 (5) 7 (3) 5 (3) 10 (4) 11 (6) 15 (4) 7 (4) I17 1997 6 (3) 33 (15) 15 (4) 13 (6) 18 (5) 8 (5) 8 (4) 0 10 (3) 1 (1) 0 1 (1) I17 1998 3 (1) 9 (4) 22 (8) 7 (5) 19 (5) 18 (5) 5 (3) 0 7 (3) 12 (3) 0 11 (5) I17 1999 3 (2) 27 (10) 13 (4) 15 (9) 18 (7) 13 (6) 15 (5) 17 (2) 6 (4) 13 (8) 4 (1) 3 (2) I17 2000 0 0 30 (10) 16 (8) 28 (6) 21 (5) 8 (3) 4 (3) 10 (5) 2 (1) 4 (4) 0 I17 2001 0 0 8 (3) 0 3 (3) 6 (5) 2 (2) 1 (1) 0 0 0 0 I17 2002 0 0 0 2 (1) 5 (3) 14 (8) 2 (1) 10 (6) 11 (6) 17 (5) 9 (4) 5 (2) I17 2003 0 0 6 (4) 10 (4) 22 (9) 15 (7) 9 (4) 16 (8) 23 (5) 15 (3) 2 (2) 2 (1) I17 2004 0 0 38 (7) 16 (7) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 I18 1988 0 0 9 (2) 12 (4) 11 (5) 4 (2) 0 1 (1) 3 (1) 12 (1) 6 (2) 0 I18 1989 0 2 (1) 5 (4) 6 (4) 3 (2) 12 (3) 25 (5) 3 (2) 1 (1) 4 (4) 14 (4) 9 (3) I18 1990 3 (1) 17 (4) 20 (5) 23 (6) 1 (1) 23 (5) 11 (2) 3 (2) 0 0 5 (2) 0 I18 1991 5 (4) 16 (6) 37 (7) 0 2 (2) 9 (3) 19 (3) 5 (4) 0 1 (1) 6 (3) 8 (2) I18 1992 2 (1) 16 (5) 1 (1) 4 (1) 21 (2) 23 (5) 6 (3) 15 (2) 8 (1) 0 5 (1) 2 (1) I18 1993 8 (2) 13 (3) 1 (1) 2 (2) 17 (4) 41 (11) 52 (10) 27 (7) 9 (1) 9 (4) 7 (1) 1 (1) I18 1994 10 (3) 20 (5) 39 (13) 30 (8) 44 (13) 47 (10) 21 (5) 29 (5) 20 (5) 18 (7) 15 (4) 6 (4) I18 1995 5 (1) 14 (5) 25 (7) 98 (13) 36 (6) 13 (4) 70 (10) 13 (7) 27 (3) 34 (8) 20 (6) 10 (5) I18 1996 9 (3) 29 (10) 11 (1) 57 (10) 42 (7) 17 (5) 25 (5) 24 (8) 30 (7) 53 (7) 37 (6) 18 (6) I18 1997 24 (7) 44 (10) 11 (7) 58 (10) 49 (9) 44 (13) 29 (12) 22 (5) 14 (2) 12 (5) 29 (6) 10 (3) I18 1998 6 (2) 42 (11) 79 (10) 47 (10) 31 (11) 16 (8) 11 (6) 0 4 (3) 3 (3) 3 (3) 22 (8) I18 1999 13 (5) 22 (10) 33 (12) 65 (15) 23 (5) 17 (5) 12 (4) 17 (5) 29 (4) 23 (6) 13 (6) 7 (2) I18 2000 0 0 39 (11) 20 (6) 20 (5) 15 (5) 13 (4) 9 (2) 8 (3) 7 (4) 7 (2) 1 (1) I18 2001 0 0 11 (4) 3 (2) 1 (1) 10 (3) 9 (2) 6 (1) 13 (2) 7 (1) 9 (2) 13 (4) I18 2002 0 0 0 4 (1) 14 (4) 40 (11) 22 (8) 11 (5) 14 (8) 24 (6) 45 (6) 2 (2) I18 2003 0 0 30 (10) 23 (4) 21 (8) 19 (14) 6 (4) 47 (11) 32 (8) 9 (3) 22 (5) 5 (3) I18 2004 0 0 19 (6) 4 (1) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 I19 1988 0 0 0 2 (2) 1 (1) 0 1 (1) 1 (1) 3 (1) 3 (1) 0 0 I19 1989 0 0 2 (2) 1 (1) 0 0 0 1 (1) 2 (1) 2 (1) 3 (2) 2 (1) I19 1990 6 (2) 2 (2) 0 6 (2) 3 (3) 2 (1) 0 2 (2) 0 0 3 (2) 0 I19 1991 6 (2) 1 (1) 3 (2) 3 (2) 4 (4) 21 (6) 0 0 0 3 (1) 0 0 I19 1992 1 (1) 1 (1) 0 0 1 (1) 0 4 (1) 4 (1) 9 (2) 0 11 (1) 0 I19 1993 0 1 (1) 0 4 (1) 2 (1) 6 (4) 29 (8) 14 (6) 1 (1) 7 (2) 4 (2) 6 (2) I19 1994 5 (2) 8 (3) 44 (9) 21 (9) 64 (11) 67 (13) 23 (10) 9 (1) 12 (2) 19 (5) 17 (5) 4 (4) I19 1995 3 (1) 9 (2) 9 (6) 73 (14) 56 (7) 29 (5) 20 (5) 11 (6) 16 (4) 11 (4) 11 (2) 7 (1)


134

I19 1996 13 (3) 21 (6) 3 (2) 32 (11) 28 (7) 22 (6) 39 (8) 15 (6) 67 (10) 50 (11) 10 (2) 1 (1) I19 1997 41 (8) 22 (9) 13 (4) 15 (7) 81 (14) 98 (20) 55 (16) 40 (8) 26 (6) 37 (7) 11 (5) 25 (5) I19 1998 6 (4) 44 (12) 35 (13) 45 (11) 93 (17) 46 (12) 32 (11) 36 (7) 32 (9) 16 (6) 10 (3) 10 (4) I19 1999 7 (3) 5 (3) 4 (4) 3 (2) 4 (3) 29 (8) 40 (11) 48 (4) 54 (9) 45 (9) 16 (6) 5 (1) I19 2000 0 0 12 (6) 5 (4) 6 (2) 1 (1) 15 (4) 4 (3) 10 (4) 12 (1) 18 (3) 15 (3) I19 2001 0 0 0 1 (1) 1 (1) 1 (1) 2 (1) 6 (4) 0 1 (1) 7 (2) 2 (2) I19 2002 0 0 0 4 (2) 20 (4) 14 (5) 12 (5) 6 (4) 8 (2) 31 (11) 22 (6) 4 (3) I19 2003 0 0 18 (6) 27 (5) 7 (5) 18 (10) 11 (4) 16 (5) 17 (5) 7 (5) 2 (2) 2 (1) I19 2004 0 0 11 (5) 2 (2) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 I20 1988 0 0 2 (2) 10 (3) 5 (3) 11 (3) 12 (3) 5 (2) 13 (1) 21 (4) 1 (1) 0 I20 1989 0 0 3 (3) 5 (1) 5 (1) 9 (2) 8 (3) 3 (1) 3 (1) 0 0 0 I20 1990 0 1 (1) 0 0 13 (2) 23 (4) 2 (1) 13 (3) 11 (2) 2 (1) 0 0 I20 1991 1 (1) 2 (1) 5 (3) 13 (4) 5 (3) 6 (5) 2 (2) 5 (2) 2 (2) 1 (1) 3 (1) 2 (1) I20 1992 0 7 (2) 5 (1) 15 (5) 8 (5) 10 (1) 7 (3) 1 (1) 4 (2) 16 (2) 0 0 I20 1993 0 4 (2) 2 (1) 36 (4) 31 (5) 22 (5) 56 (11) 70 (12) 9 (4) 9 (5) 2 (2) 1 (1) I20 1994 0 8 (3) 115 (19) 65 (16) 82 (19) 43 (14) 40 (11) 24 (7) 17 (8) 24 (5) 4 (1) 2 (2) I20 1995 0 17 (4) 55 (6) 92 (18) 58 (13) 35 (12) 12 (3) 16 (5) 5 (2) 16 (6) 5 (3) 0 I20 1996 4 (2) 28 (9) 82 (13) 73 (17) 63 (10) 51 (13) 49 (9) 38 (13) 23 (9) 20 (9) 7 (2) 7 (1) I20 1997 21 (6) 9 (4) 13 (5) 84 (17) 89 (20) 64 (20) 46 (15) 73 (12) 57 (12) 20 (8) 1 (1) 5 (3) I20 1998 10 (4) 13 (10) 91 (18) 122 (20) 86 (19) 56 (16) 41 (9) 64 (14) 55 (13) 19 (5) 10 (2) 7 (3) I20 1999 9 (6) 13 (3) 59 (14) 45 (11) 16 (7) 29 (13) 18 (8) 24 (7) 45 (6) 39 (9) 22 (6) 9 (4) I20 2000 0 0 28 (6) 16 (6) 26 (7) 14 (2) 3 (2) 6 (3) 21 (6) 10 (3) 5 (2) 0 I20 2001 0 0 0 8 (3) 6 (4) 7 (3) 11 (2) 9 (3) 14 (2) 4 (3) 0 0 I20 2002 0 0 17 (4) 55 (10) 36 (8) 18 (8) 12 (5) 13 (6) 63 (15) 123 (18) 15 (5) 5 (2) I20 2003 0 0 46 (5) 116 (13) 112 (25) 58 (19) 44 (13) 64 (10) 82 (14) 53 (10) 28 (5) 7 (3) I20 2004 0 0 46 (12) 75 (10) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 J20 1988 0 0 15 (5) 15 (5) 14 (3) 8 (2) 11 (4) 6 (3) 9 (3) 4 (1) 2 (1) 1 (1) J20 1989 0 0 20 (3) 12 (3) 5 (3) 6 (3) 6 (3) 0 4 (2) 0 1 (1) 0 J20 1990 0 5 (1) 0 3 (1) 9 (2) 3 (2) 10 (4) 6 (5) 22 (4) 2 (1) 0 0 J20 1991 0 0 8 (3) 10 (4) 4 (3) 20 (5) 7 (3) 11 (6) 0 2 (2) 2 (2) 0 J20 1992 0 0 0 0 1 (1) 1 (1) 1 (1) 4 (3) 2 (1) 0 0 0 J20 1993 0 0 1 (1) 3 (2) 2 (1) 5 (3) 36 (8) 13 (4) 5 (4) 2 (1) 1 (1) 1 (1) J20 1994 2 (2) 9 (2) 96 (15) 35 (6) 71 (16) 54 (12) 14 (5) 7 (3) 12 (7) 6 (3) 6 (1) 6 (2) J20 1995 1 (1) 3 (1) 20 (5) 68 (16) 54 (12) 36 (11) 28 (5) 8 (3) 4 (2) 2 (2) 4 (2) 1 (1) J20 1996 3 (3) 18 (6) 32 (9) 35 (13) 67 (10) 46 (5) 56 (8) 40 (9) 15 (4) 0 3 (2) 7 (3) J20 1997 10 (2) 19 (6) 10 (3) 66 (12) 66 (21) 66 (20) 39 (13) 18 (10) 16 (5) 7 (3) 4 (3) 0 J20 1998 10 (1) 33 (10) 48 (20) 18 (7) 43 (10) 48 (12) 73 (14) 31 (10) 41 (12) 7 (3) 2 (2) 5 (2) J20 1999 3 (2) 4 (3) 43 (11) 134 (22) 38 (9) 59 (14) 37 (11) 58 (18) 50 (8) 56 (7) 16 (5) 6 (3) J20 2000 0 0 9 (6) 27 (10) 13 (6) 8 (3) 8 (4) 3 (3) 3 (2) 1 (1) 5 (3) 6 (3) J20 2001 0 0 1 (1) 0 4 (4) 0 3 (3) 4 (4) 0 2 (1) 0 3 (3) J20 2002 0 0 7 (4) 12 (4) 13 (7) 10 (4) 20 (8) 17 (5) 15 (6) 36 (13) 5 (5) 2 (1) J20 2003 0 0 1 (1) 16 (8) 51 (15) 36 (12) 19 (7) 11 (5) 27 (9) 29 (7) 7 (3) 1 (1) J20 2004 0 0 25 (7) 1 (1) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 J21 1988 0 0 25 (7) 28 (7) 10 (5) 8 (5) 4 (2) 16 (3) 4 (1) 1 (1) 4 (3) 1 (1) J21 1989 0 0 20 (4) 31 (8) 32 (14) 24 (10) 12 (6) 22 (3) 15 (2) 1 (1) 2 (2) 0 J21 1990 12 (1) 0 13 (6) 8 (3) 17 (6) 35 (8) 29 (6) 16 (7) 14 (4) 14 (3) 6 (1) 4 (1) J21 1991 7 (2) 2 (2) 35 (8) 45 (10) 23 (6) 20 (9) 35 (5) 36 (8) 12 (4) 3 (2) 0 0 J21 1992 0 0 7 (1) 10 (3) 7 (6) 4 (1) 1 (1) 7 (4) 3 (2) 3 (2) 0 0 J21 1993 0 0 10 (3) 42 (5) 24 (9) 51 (11) 21 (8) 35 (8) 31 (8) 5 (4) 0 0 J21 1994 3 (2) 8 (4) 98 (15) 85 (12) 106 (18) 69 (18) 47 (11) 17 (5) 24 (7) 26 (6) 2 (2) 2 (1) J21 1995 2 (2) 35 (4) 29 (7) 51 (15) 74 (21) 40 (12) 28 (6) 15 (5) 56 (7) 62 (8) 3 (3) 12 (2) J21 1996 3 (3) 17 (8) 48 (9) 90 (13) 48 (15) 59 (9) 39 (10) 87 (18) 96 (13) 75 (14) 67 (9) 25 (6) J21 1997 18 (7) 41 (12) 24 (12) 120 (23) 195 (31) 111 (31) 77 (19) 115 (17) 85 (13) 59 (11) 6 (3) 6 (2) J21 1998 27 (6) 147 (37) 201 (32) 88 (16) 48 (14) 69 (13) 29 (12) 58 (13) 148 (23) 26 (5) 2 (1) 7 (3) J21 1999 4 (3) 2 (2) 35 (10) 40 (10) 32 (6) 14 (8) 45 (11) 76 (16) 76 (14) 36 (7) 39 (11) 5 (4) J21 2000 0 0 8 (5) 8 (5) 10 (5) 19 (6) 8 (6) 8 (2) 8 (5) 14 (3) 20 (3) 3 (2) J21 2001 0 0 8 (2) 17 (4) 13 (5) 24 (8) 22 (7) 5 (2) 12 (2) 31 (5) 15 (2) 6 (5) J21 2002 0 0 5 (2) 36 (9) 43 (8) 25 (11) 18 (8) 21 (8) 53 (12) 39 (12) 4 (3) 13 (3) J21 2003 0 0 32 (7) 29 (8) 48 (15) 23 (13) 29 (12) 28 (8) 43 (9) 25 (5) 13 (5) 5 (2) J21 2004 0 0 25 (10) 9 (3) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 K21 1988 0 0 5 (4) 6 (2) 10 (5) 5 (2) 14 (6) 13 (3) 8 (3) 5 (3) 1 (1) 0 K21 1989 3 (1) 12 (3) 17 (5) 85 (15) 50 (9) 47 (11) 27 (7) 31 (4) 10 (4) 2 (2) 4 (3) 6 (3) K21 1990 1 (1) 0 2 (1) 12 (3) 21 (6) 30 (5) 15 (5) 15 (3) 7 (2) 21 (3) 8 (2) 10 (1) K21 1991 6 (2) 17 (3) 22 (8) 22 (5) 43 (9) 25 (9) 35 (6) 26 (8) 14 (4) 20 (3) 4 (2) 2 (1) K21 1992 1 (1) 0 1 (1) 5 (2) 15 (5) 10 (4) 4 (3) 5 (3) 10 (2) 1 (1) 0 0 K21 1993 0 0 1 (1) 2 (1) 21 (5) 18 (6) 32 (8) 20 (7) 13 (3) 1 (1) 0 0 K21 1994 12 (2) 19 (6) 24 (6) 72 (15) 108 (17) 78 (16) 47 (10) 33 (4) 29 (4) 3 (2) 1 (1) 0 K21 1995 21 (2) 11 (4) 18 (8) 44 (9) 53 (12) 18 (8) 44 (8) 62 (6) 48 (5) 7 (3) 3 (2) 6 (2) K21 1996 14 (4) 50 (10) 24 (8) 79 (13) 70 (11) 55 (10) 45 (10) 61 (9) 72 (8) 9 (3) 13 (4) 13 (5) K21 1997 5 (1) 8 (5) 29 (11) 70 (16) 142 (24) 104 (23) 102 (21) 73 (16) 112 (15) 34 (8) 3 (1) 4 (1) K21 1998 36 (9) 76 (19) 62 (15) 55 (14) 38 (11) 37 (8) 63 (8) 58 (11) 44 (9) 6 (4) 8 (4) 1 (1) K21 1999 6 (2) 2 (2) 5 (3) 5 (2) 18 (8) 14 (3) 23 (5) 30 (8) 9 (4) 9 (5) 1 (1) 26 (1) K21 2000 6 (1) 0 1 (1) 2 (2) 5 (3) 6 (2) 7 (3) 0 5 (1) 24 (2) 8 (1) 1 (1) K21 2001 0 0 1 (1) 0 1 (1) 3 (2) 4 (3) 1 (1) 0 0 1 (1) 1 (1) K21 2002 0 0 0 3 (2) 16 (5) 5 (2) 4 (3) 8 (5) 11 (3) 1 (1) 2 (1) 2 (2) K21 2003 0 0 21 (3) 48 (9) 95 (20) 58 (19) 21 (5) 49 (12) 8 (6) 1 (1) 0 9 (1) K21 2004 0 0 31 (6) 14 (4) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 L21 1988 0 0 3 (1) 5 (2) 15 (5) 2 (1) 1 (1) 1 (1) 0 0 0 5 (1) L21 1989 1 (1) 11 (3) 11 (5) 16 (4) 2 (2) 22 (7) 8 (2) 3 (2) 3 (2) 8 (1) 0 9 (1) L21 1990 0 0 7 (1) 0 8 (1) 12 (4) 11 (4) 0 14 (3) 2 (1) 3 (2) 0 L21 1991 2 (1) 2 (1) 8 (3) 2 (1) 7 (2) 4 (2) 6 (2) 3 (1) 0 0 3 (1) 0 L21 1992 1 (1) 0 0 0 3 (2) 0 0 0 1 (1) 1 (1) 0 0 L21 1993 0 0 0 0 7 (4) 4 (3) 0 1 (1) 0 5 (1) 1 (1) 0 L21 1994 0 0 5 (1) 22 (5) 17 (6) 11 (6) 5 (1) 4 (2) 8 (1) 7 (1) 1 (1) 1 (1) L21 1995 0 19 (3) 17 (4) 19 (4) 40 (10) 18 (6) 7 (3) 0 3 (2) 8 (2) 5 (1) 2 (1) L21 1996 6 (4) 4 (2) 34 (9) 27 (10) 55 (13) 21 (9) 16 (6) 1 (1) 0 6 (3) 4 (3) 16 (6) L21 1997 3 (2) 1 (1) 17 (4) 13 (5) 14 (8) 13 (6) 4 (2) 15 (4) 15 (2) 1 (1) 1 (1) 0 L21 1998 6 (2) 10 (5) 14 (4) 20 (9) 6 (4) 12 (7) 6 (3) 7 (3) 2 (1) 2 (2) 1 (1) 0 L21 1999 0 0 2 (1) 6 (2) 17 (6) 15 (7) 1 (1) 16 (3) 11 (5) 3 (2) 6 (2) 2 (1) L21 2000 0 0 0 0 1 (1) 7 (3) 5 (2) 0 0 0 0 0 L21 2001 0 0 0 0 1 (1) 0 0 0 0 0 2 (2) 0 L21 2002 0 0 0 0 3 (3) 3 (2) 2 (1) 0 2 (1) 8 (2) 4 (3) 6 (1) L21 2003 0 0 12 (1) 19 (5) 16 (7) 11 (4) 1 (1) 7 (2) 4 (3) 2 (1) 5 (3) 2 (1) L21 2004 0 0 8 (3) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 L22 1988 0 0 9 (6) 36 (12) 40 (10) 30 (6) 44 (13) 10 (5) 7 (2) 13 (3) 1 (1) 1 (1) L22 1989 2 (1) 4 (1) 7 (2) 39 (10) 34 (10) 24 (10) 43 (12) 25 (6) 8 (2) 2 (2) 0 1 (1) L22 1990 1 (1) 0 0 4 (1) 36 (8) 93 (15) 28 (7) 12 (4) 9 (1) 21 (4) 2 (1) 0 L22 1991 0 1 (1) 23 (6) 16 (3) 62 (12) 65 (13) 68 (11) 23 (6) 12 (7) 4 (2) 1 (1) 0 L22 1992 0 0 0 1 (1) 11 (6) 20 (9) 10 (6) 4 (2) 6 (3) 0 0 0 L22 1993 0 0 0 10 (4) 32 (9) 81 (12) 55 (11) 44 (12) 16 (4) 9 (3) 5 (2) 2 (2) L22 1994 1 (1) 5 (3) 8 (3) 165 (20) 197 (27) 94 (15) 89 (13) 43 (6) 24 (6) 24 (5) 14 (3) 0 L22 1995 0 3 (3) 80 (13) 142 (18) 176 (25) 64 (17) 40 (11) 19 (7) 17 (6) 7 (3) 13 (3) 10 (3) L22 1996 8 (3) 14 (6) 78 (15) 185 (24) 150 (28) 68 (20) 66 (14) 50 (14) 34 (8) 30 (4) 22 (4) 0 L22 1997 2 (2) 4 (4) 10 (5) 42 (12) 168 (30) 110 (21) 70 (13) 33 (9) 18 (4) 13 (3) 0 4 (2) L22 1998 1 (1) 25 (10) 70 (15) 58 (13) 68 (19) 46 (13) 43 (9) 74 (9) 31 (8) 28 (7) 8 (6) 1 (1) L22 1999 0 6 (5) 15 (7) 8 (4) 25 (8) 58 (14) 20 (7) 45 (11) 23 (9) 27 (9) 2 (2) 0 L22 2000 0 0 2 (2) 0 34 (9) 12 (4) 50 (7) 29 (6) 3 (1) 19 (2) 6 (4) 1 (1) L22 2001 0 0 2 (2) 1 (1) 14 (10) 21 (4) 42 (3) 24 (8) 9 (1) 0 0 0 L22 2002 0 0 3 (2) 4 (2) 31 (10) 38 (10) 65 (16) 26 (4) 13 (4) 8 (4) 7 (5) 10 (5) L22 2003 0 0 5 (4) 3 (2) 18 (5) 61 (9) 38 (8) 58 (14) 62 (13) 21 (7) 6 (4) 1 (1) L22 2004 0 0 5 (3) 2 (1) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M22 1988 0 0 42 (5) 53 (9) 48 (7) 21 (9) 19 (6) 6 (2) 0 6 (2) 0 0 M22 1989 1 (1) 0 7 (1) 31 (7) 49 (8) 31 (5) 19 (3) 24 (3) 9 (2) 0 0 1 (1) M22 1990 0 0 3 (2) 9 (2) 22 (3) 77 (8) 45 (5) 28 (4) 8 (3) 8 (2) 8 (1) 4 (1) M22 1991 0 11 (2) 20 (5) 52 (5) 60 (9) 49 (8) 24 (7) 17 (3) 3 (3) 2 (2) 0 0


135

M22 1992 0 1 (1) 5 (1) 7 (2) 3 (2) 22 (6) 59 (8) 16 (4) 3 (2) 4 (1) 0 0 M22 1993 0 4 (2) 20 (2) 44 (6) 54 (8) 65 (11) 48 (10) 38 (5) 16 (3) 27 (3) 3 (1) 6 (1) M22 1994 0 22 (5) 24 (3) 133 (12) 117 (16) 112 (16) 92 (9) 65 (6) 4 (2) 40 (6) 10 (1) 0 M22 1995 0 2 (1) 106 (11) 65 (11) 126 (18) 72 (13) 45 (9) 40 (7) 19 (4) 11 (2) 5 (2) 2 (1) M22 1996 3 (2) 7 (2) 22 (4) 60 (8) 113 (17) 107 (14) 136 (17) 94 (14) 40 (7) 66 (9) 12 (3) 2 (1) M22 1997 1 (1) 23 (3) 41 (7) 125 (10) 172 (23) 151 (22) 109 (16) 107 (11) 76 (12) 77 (7) 39 (5) 2 (1) M22 1998 2 (1) 16 (4) 19 (3) 68 (8) 135 (13) 172 (13) 97 (16) 77 (12) 105 (14) 32 (8) 7 (3) 12 (2) M22 1999 16 (4) 8 (4) 21 (7) 73 (13) 124 (18) 139 (22) 137 (19) 84 (11) 81 (14) 72 (13) 61 (4) 27 (3) M22 2000 0 0 31 (3) 14 (4) 120 (13) 168 (16) 81 (13) 46 (10) 19 (5) 10 (2) 62 (8) 13 (2) M22 2001 0 0 29 (4) 41 (3) 134 (15) 130 (14) 120 (11) 20 (7) 3 (1) 21 (3) 16 (3) 2 (2) M22 2002 0 0 14 (2) 52 (5) 165 (24) 156 (26) 91 (15) 27 (4) 65 (9) 104 (9) 59 (11) 10 (4) M22 2003 0 0 28 (6) 19 (8) 39 (11) 36 (8) 28 (8) 37 (9) 29 (7) 21 (5) 30 (5) 3 (2) M22 2004 0 0 8 (4) 1 (1) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M23 1988 0 0 2 (2) 8 (1) 3 (2) 1 (1) 6 (3) 9 (1) 0 0 0 0 M23 1989 0 0 0 11 (3) 7 (2) 8 (1) 0 0 0 0 0 0 M23 1990 0 0 0 0 0 4 (1) 5 (2) 1 (1) 6 (1) 0 0 0 M23 1991 0 3 (2) 2 (1) 0 2 (1) 8 (2) 2 (2) 1 (1) 0 1 (1) 0 0 M23 1992 0 1 (1) 0 0 4 (2) 4 (2) 16 (2) 5 (1) 13 (2) 0 0 0 M23 1993 0 0 0 5 (2) 6 (3) 6 (4) 0 8 (2) 4 (1) 0 6 (1) 2 (2) M23 1994 0 7 (2) 6 (1) 2 (1) 7 (2) 27 (4) 47 (8) 21 (3) 0 8 (2) 0 0 M23 1995 0 2 (2) 15 (2) 10 (2) 3 (2) 4 (2) 1 (1) 3 (3) 0 1 (1) 0 0 M23 1996 1 (1) 0 1 (1) 0 9 (2) 2 (2) 11 (4) 15 (4) 2 (1) 14 (5) 5 (1) 2 (1) M23 1997 8 (3) 0 0 3 (1) 7 (1) 9 (3) 21 (5) 1 (1) 2 (1) 2 (1) 0 0 M23 1998 0 1 (1) 0 0 1 (1) 28 (4) 64 (7) 19 (5) 14 (6) 0 0 0 M23 1999 0 3 (1) 13 (2) 1 (1) 2 (2) 18 (2) 28 (6) 21 (5) 10 (3) 8 (2) 17 (2) 0 M23 2000 0 0 2 (1) 4 (2) 0 0 9 (3) 13 (3) 16 (4) 7 (3) 0 0 M23 2001 0 0 1 (1) 0 1 (1) 10 (5) 46 (6) 41 (8) 29 (3) 2 (1) 20 (3) 4 (2) M23 2002 0 0 0 0 3 (3) 53 (10) 60 (7) 67 (4) 38 (5) 31 (5) 14 (3) 7 (5) M23 2003 0 0 0 2 (1) 34 (5) 11 (2) 75 (10) 85 (10) 65 (8) 103 (11) 49 (6) 7 (4) M23 2004 0 0 8 (4) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 N23 1988 0 0 0 3 (2) 5 (2) 3 (2) 0 0 2 (1) 11 (2) 0 0 N23 1989 0 0 0 1 (1) 3 (1) 1 (1) 0 1 (1) 1 (1) 0 0 0 N23 1990 0 0 0 0 0 1 (1) 0 0 0 0 0 0 N23 1991 0 0 0 0 2 (1) 0 3 (1) 6 (2) 7 (1) 5 (2) 0 0 N23 1992 0 0 0 0 3 (1) 3 (2) 2 (2) 0 1 (1) 0 0 0 N23 1993 0 0 0 1 (1) 10 (3) 2 (1) 0 0 0 0 0 2 (1) N23 1994 0 1 (1) 7 (2) 28 (3) 31 (3) 8 (2) 1 (1) 1 (1) 0 0 2 (1) 0 N23 1995 1 (1) 2 (1) 0 1 (1) 2 (1) 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 (1) N23 1996 0 0 0 1 (1) 7 (2) 0 2 (2) 0 3 (1) 1 (1) 1 (1) 2 (1) N23 1997 1 (1) 0 0 4 (1) 8 (3) 5 (3) 5 (3) 2 (1) 1 (1) 0 0 0 N23 1998 0 0 0 0 1 (1) 0 8 (4) 3 (2) 2 (2) 0 0 0 N23 1999 0 0 0 0 0 12 (4) 4 (2) 6 (1) 1 (1) 1 (1) 5 (1) 3 (1) N23 2000 0 0 1 (1) 14 (1) 31 (5) 32 (6) 8 (4) 8 (4) 0 0 0 0 N23 2001 0 0 2 (1) 0 19 (7) 29 (6) 11 (4) 21 (5) 0 2 (1) 1 (1) 1 (1) N23 2002 0 0 1 (1) 4 (1) 8 (2) 6 (3) 4 (4) 4 (1) 1 (1) 4 (1) 36 (4) 6 (2) N23 2003 0 0 2 (1) 1 (1) 23 (3) 51 (5) 31 (4) 20 (4) 5 (1) 6 (3) 14 (4) 5 (2) N23 2004 0 0 7 (2) 1 (1) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 N24 1988 0 0 14 (3) 11 (3) 5 (1) 4 (3) 29 (7) 5 (2) 23 (2) 2 (1) 0 0 N24 1989 0 0 17 (3) 31 (4) 29 (5) 9 (2) 2 (2) 3 (2) 0 10 (1) 1 (1) 0 N24 1990 13 (1) 7 (3) 2 (1) 3 (2) 5 (2) 23 (5) 1 (1) 2 (1) 3 (1) 0 0 0 N24 1991 0 0 1 (1) 7 (3) 0 9 (4) 30 (8) 9 (5) 4 (3) 1 (1) 0 0 N24 1992 3 (2) 0 0 0 27 (5) 14 (4) 34 (6) 31 (6) 1 (1) 0 0 0 N24 1993 0 0 9 (2) 0 3 (2) 1 (1) 10 (3) 2 (1) 1 (1) 10 (1) 0 2 (1) N24 1994 0 4 (3) 13 (3) 24 (4) 9 (4) 5 (1) 26 (5) 11 (2) 1 (1) 1 (1) 0 0 N24 1995 3 (1) 21 (2) 11 (2) 35 (3) 3 (1) 3 (2) 8 (1) 5 (1) 29 (2) 9 (2) 0 10 (1) N24 1996 0 1 (1) 7 (3) 6 (2) 2 (2) 0 21 (5) 17 (2) 15 (4) 0 9 (1) 0 N24 1997 1 (1) 0 2 (2) 1 (1) 0 21 (6) 17 (4) 16 (2) 5 (2) 26 (2) 0 0 N24 1998 0 0 0 10 (1) 22 (3) 70 (7) 171 (22) 87 (10) 0 2 (2) 3 (3) 0 N24 1999 1 (1) 1 (1) 0 1 (1) 2 (2) 11 (2) 20 (5) 12 (1) 7 (1) 2 (2) 0 0 N24 2000 0 0 0 1 (1) 11 (4) 3 (3) 3 (2) 20 (2) 2 (2) 0 1 (1) 0 N24 2001 0 0 7 (2) 1 (1) 8 (4) 50 (9) 42 (6) 43 (5) 2 (1) 9 (3) 1 (1) 0 N24 2002 0 0 2 (1) 2 (2) 19 (5) 32 (8) 65 (10) 38 (10) 55 (12) 9 (3) 4 (1) 0 N24 2003 0 0 9 (3) 14 (2) 12 (3) 20 (7) 34 (8) 61 (12) 16 (5) 8 (2) 0 1 (1) N24 2004 0 0 1 (1) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O24 1988 0 0 3 (3) 5 (3) 17 (6) 16 (5) 29 (7) 4 (2) 5 (2) 0 0 0 O24 1989 0 0 15 (8) 19 (8) 19 (5) 9 (3) 12 (3) 11 (3) 7 (2) 10 (1) 0 0 O24 1990 0 1 (1) 2 (2) 0 10 (2) 8 (5) 2 (1) 5 (2) 14 (2) 12 (2) 3 (2) 0 O24 1991 3 (1) 1 (1) 1 (1) 7 (2) 8 (3) 14 (2) 56 (10) 33 (8) 1 (1) 0 0 0 O24 1992 0 0 8 (1) 0 16 (5) 55 (10) 44 (10) 11 (4) 0 0 0 0 O24 1993 7 (2) 1 (1) 12 (4) 2 (1) 11 (5) 1 (1) 3 (2) 1 (1) 6 (2) 2 (1) 3 (1) 0 O24 1994 0 11 (3) 7 (4) 5 (3) 23 (6) 12 (4) 16 (5) 23 (4) 2 (2) 12 (1) 3 (1) 4 (1) O24 1995 7 (3) 47 (9) 10 (3) 15 (3) 10 (4) 6 (3) 2 (1) 0 0 0 0 10 (1) O24 1996 0 4 (3) 2 (2) 2 (2) 18 (7) 18 (4) 10 (3) 9 (4) 17 (3) 11 (2) 10 (1) 0 O24 1997 12 (1) 9 (4) 1 (1) 0 2 (2) 24 (5) 27 (6) 7 (2) 2 (2) 0 11 (2) 12 (1) O24 1998 2 (1) 7 (1) 6 (2) 20 (3) 18 (5) 17 (2) 24 (6) 15 (2) 0 9 (4) 20 (3) 1 (1) O24 1999 5 (3) 26 (10) 17 (3) 4 (3) 15 (6) 54 (10) 22 (6) 5 (2) 14 (3) 5 (2) 0 0 O24 2000 0 0 2 (1) 2 (1) 9 (4) 46 (6) 13 (5) 13 (5) 8 (2) 2 (2) 0 0 O24 2001 0 0 9 (2) 4 (3) 26 (7) 63 (9) 14 (4) 11 (4) 3 (2) 0 0 0 O24 2002 0 0 9 (4) 0 14 (7) 21 (4) 56 (11) 17 (6) 9 (3) 1 (1) 2 (1) 0 O24 2003 0 0 15 (5) 28 (7) 27 (8) 32 (6) 43 (11) 54 (8) 17 (5) 4 (3) 0 3 (2) O24 2004 0 0 5 (3) 1 (1) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O25 1988 0 0 16 (3) 23 (3) 31 (5) 25 (3) 33 (5) 13 (3) 0 0 0 0 O25 1989 0 0 2 (1) 2 (2) 0 1 (1) 0 0 0 0 0 0 O25 1990 0 0 6 (1) 1 (1) 0 3 (2) 1 (1) 0 0 1 (1) 0 4 (1) O25 1991 0 2 (2) 6 (3) 5 (1) 5 (2) 33 (5) 21 (5) 12 (3) 9 (1) 3 (1) 6 (1) 7 (1) O25 1992 8 (2) 4 (1) 0 8 (2) 14 (4) 4 (2) 6 (4) 15 (3) 4 (1) 5 (1) 0 1 (1) O25 1993 7 (2) 10 (2) 7 (2) 5 (3) 6 (2) 8 (1) 14 (2) 3 (1) 17 (3) 5 (1) 5 (1) 3 (1) O25 1994 5 (1) 14 (3) 6 (2) 8 (3) 9 (1) 12 (3) 4 (3) 2 (1) 10 (1) 13 (2) 6 (1) 0 O25 1995 2 (1) 1 (1) 11 (1) 3 (1) 19 (3) 11 (3) 8 (1) 4 (1) 14 (2) 6 (3) 0 2 (1) O25 1996 3 (2) 6 (2) 3 (1) 23 (5) 9 (1) 28 (2) 10 (4) 6 (2) 6 (1) 3 (1) 7 (2) 1 (1) O25 1997 2 (2) 4 (3) 1 (1) 0 4 (2) 0 3 (2) 5 (1) 6 (1) 10 (1) 4 (2) 2 (1) O25 1998 0 7 (2) 5 (1) 10 (3) 14 (4) 6 (4) 16 (5) 4 (2) 12 (4) 23 (6) 13 (3) 3 (1) O25 1999 0 12 (4) 11 (4) 9 (2) 7 (2) 15 (2) 8 (3) 4 (2) 2 (2) 14 (3) 6 (1) 3 (1) O25 2000 0 0 0 0 4 (1) 3 (2) 2 (1) 0 0 0 8 (1) 4 (1) O25 2001 0 0 18 (3) 3 (1) 24 (5) 10 (2) 32 (7) 17 (3) 2 (2) 0 0 0 O25 2002 0 0 8 (4) 6 (2) 7 (1) 17 (3) 10 (4) 8 (3) 0 0 0 0 O25 2003 0 0 20 (3) 20 (6) 7 (4) 29 (4) 14 (4) 23 (7) 13 (6) 6 (2) 4 (1) 0 O25 2004 0 0 1 (1) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 P25 1988 0 0 8 (2) 13 (3) 7 (1) 1 (1) 0 9 (1) 13 (2) 3 (1) 0 0 P25 1989 0 0 11 (2) 1 (1) 7 (3) 0 48 (6) 65 (9) 13 (4) 0 0 0 P25 1990 0 0 0 0 1 (1) 3 (2) 3 (2) 2 (1) 0 0 2 (2) 0 P25 1991 8 (1) 2 (1) 0 0 10 (3) 38 (5) 19 (7) 1 (1) 0 0 0 0 P25 1993 0 0 0 0 1 (1) 0 0 4 (1) 7 (1) 1 (1) 0 0 P25 1994 0 4 (1) 1 (1) 0 34 (7) 46 (7) 39 (7) 35 (8) 19 (3) 11 (1) 1 (1) 6 (1) P25 1995 0 0 0 0 11 (4) 10 (4) 3 (3) 0 0 0 3 (1) 0 P25 1996 2 (1) 0 2 (1) 8 (3) 12 (3) 32 (7) 7 (5) 4 (2) 0 0 0 0 P25 1997 0 0 0 0 4 (2) 4 (1) 30 (7) 13 (3) 0 1 (1) 0 1 (1) P25 1998 0 1 (1) 0 0 5 (2) 1 (1) 0 1 (1) 3 (1) 1 (1) 0 0 P25 1999 0 0 0 23 (1) 23 (2) 6 (3) 1 (1) 5 (1) 4 (1) 4 (2) 0 0 P25 2000 0 0 0 0 16 (6) 8 (2) 0 12 (5) 8 (3) 0 8 (1) 5 (1) P25 2001 0 0 0 0 9 (2) 29 (9) 15 (6) 43 (7) 4 (2) 0 1 (1) 0 P25 2002 0 0 0 2 (1) 36 (9) 18 (8) 20 (6) 3 (2) 0 0 0 0 P25 2003 0 0 3 (3) 15 (3) 14 (5) 3 (1) 3 (3) 6 (2) 2 (2) 0 0 0


136


Table 14.47 Example genstat code used to analyse red spot king prawn catches.

‘General Linear Model.’ MODEL [DISTRIBUTION=normal; LINK=identity; DISPERSION=*] logwt FIT [PRINT=model,summary,estimates,accumulated; selection=%variance,%ss,adjustedr2,r2,seobservations,dispersion,%meandeviance,%deviance,aic,sic;\ CONSTANT=estimate; FPROB=yes; TPROB=yes;\ FACT=2] year*month+grid+lunar+lunar_adv+logtigend+\ loghp+logspeed+nozzle+sonar+gps2+compmap+nettype+lognet+ggear4+logchain+boards+brdted+tryyesno ‘Linear Mixed Model.REML’ VCOMPONENTS [FIXED=year+month+grid+lunar+lunar_adv+logtigend+\ loghp+logspeed+compmap+nettype+lognet+logchain+boards+\ brdted+tryyesno; FACTORIAL=2] RANDOM=record_number; INITIAL=1; CONSTRAINTS=positive REML [PRINT=model,components,effects,vcovariance,deviance,waldTests,\ covariancemodel; PSE=estimates; MVINCLUDE=*; method=ai] logwt

Table 14.48 Linear correlations between some of the different red spot king prawn vessel characteristics.

Vessel length

Engine HP

Trawl speed

Gear box ratio

Fuel capacity Fuel use Propeller

size Propeller

pitch Propeller

nozzle Sonar GPS Computer mapping

Try gear net

BRD and TED Net size Mesh

size Chain size

Vessel length 1.00

Engine HP 0.50 1.00

Trawl speed 0.22 0.42 1.00

Gear box ratio 0.48 0.50 0.11 1.00

Fuel capacity 0.59 0.58 0.39 0.56 1.00

Fuel use 0.74 0.68 0.35 0.56 0.60 1.00

Propeller size 0.71 0.41 0.34 0.57 0.68 0.54 1.00

Propeller pitch 0.52 0.58 0.43 0.62 0.65 0.52 0.73 1.00


Sonar 0.23 0.22 0.23 0.24 0.24 0.25 0.19 0.25 0.23 1.00

GPS 0.06 0.03 0.11 –0.09 –0.02 0.03 –0.01 0.02 0.03 0.01 1.00


Try gear net 0.29 0.54 0.43 0.34 0.54 0.37 0.47 0.58 0.21 0.16 0.07 0.40 1.00

BRD and TED 0.12 0.29 0.17 0.15 0.24 0.21 0.11 0.25 0.39 0.10 0.14 0.45 0.34 1.00

Net size 0.20 –0.01 –0.02 0.19 0.13 –0.02 0.41 0.36 0.12 0.00 0.05 0.01 0.03 –0.09 1.00

Mesh size 0.17 0.07 0.24 –0.25 0.13 –0.02 0.33 0.30 –0.12 –0.02 0.07 0.11 0.37 0.14 0.06 1.00

Chain size 0.19 –0.13 0.10 0.16 0.05 0.22 0.19 –0.04 0.26 –0.02 –0.05 –0.20 –0.14 –0.21 0.10 –0.35 1.00


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Table 14.49 The red spot king prawn general linear model (GLM) β2 parameter correlations between the different vessel characteristics.

Engine HP

Trawl speed



Net — quad Net size

Chain — sliding rings

Chain —looped

Chain — rope

Chain size

Board — bison


Board — others

BRD and TED

Net — try gear

Engine HP 1.00


Propeller nozzle –0.14 0.04 1.00

Sonar –0.12 –0.13 –0.10 1.00

GPS 0.11 –0.16 0.05 0.03 1.00

Computer mapping 0.10 –0.02 –0.09 –0.11 –0.13 1.00

Net — triple 0.04 0.07 –0.02 0.09 0.08 –0.03 1.00

Net — quad –0.03 0.02 –0.04 0.07 0.10 –0.03 0.97 1.00

Net size –0.23 0.02 –0.18 –0.07 –0.07 –0.02 –0.06 0.06 1.00

Chain — sliding rings –0.01 0.14 0.01 –0.03 –0.06 0.02 –0.01 –0.01 0.01 1.00

Chain — looped 0.06 0.01 –0.01 0.02 –0.01 –0.01 –0.01 –0.03 –0.06 0.01 1.00

Chain — rope 0.33 0.02 –0.12 –0.14 –0.03 0.08 0.04 0.01 –0.01 0.01 0.02 1.00

Chain size –0.10 –0.19 –0.25 0.14 0.05 0.02 –0.04 –0.02 –0.01 –0.03 –0.01 –0.54 1.00

Board — bison 0.18 –0.11 –0.24 –0.17 –0.01 0.06 0.08 0.07 0.12 0.01 0.04 0.19 –0.01 1.00

Board — lourve/kilfoil –0.02 –0.11 –0.29 0.08 0.08 –0.05 0.02 –0.02 0.08 –0.05 –0.07 0.10 0.09 0.33 1.00

Board — others 0.05 –0.15 0.08 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.01 –0.02 –0.05 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.10 0.11 1.00

BRD and TED 0.18 –0.06 –0.17 –0.01 0.11 –0.06 –0.02 –0.03 –0.09 –0.02 –0.01 0.06 0.08 –0.18 0.09 –0.03 1.00

Net — try gear –0.33 –0.14 0.06 0.08 –0.14 –0.25 0.07 0.01 –0.14 –0.05 0.00 0.09 0.00 –0.11 –0.02 –0.01 –0.09 1.00


138

Figure 14.12 Standardised residuals from the red spot king prawn analyses.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 70

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000


Freq

uenc

y

Data

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1-3.7

-3.65

-3.6

-3.55

-3.5

-3.45

-3.4

-3.35


λ

Log

likel

ihoo

d

Figure 14.13 Histogram of the natural logarithm transformation of the observed red spot king prawn catches and the plot of the Box-Cox likelihood.


139

Table 14.50 Yearly summary of the number of boats and daily catches of red spot king prawns analysed.



140

Table 14.51 Summary of the number of daily catches of red spot king prawns analysed by fishing year, month and grid. The number of boats associated with the number of daily catches is shown in parenthesis.

Grid Year January February March April May June July August September October November DecemberI18 1988 0 0 0 16 (1) 18 (3) 0 0 3 (1) 0 2 (2) 15 (1) 0 I18 1989 0 0 0 1 (1) 0 1 (1) 0 0 0 0 0 0 I18 1991 0 0 0 0 0 14 (1) 8 (2) 0 7 (1) 8 (1) 8 (1) 8 (1) I18 1992 3 (1) 3 (1) 0 0 2 (1) 3 (1) 0 0 0 4 (1) 14 (1) 3 (1) I18 1993 15 (1) 6 (1) 6 (1) 0 0 3 (1) 18 (3) 17 (4) 16 (1) 4 (1) 3 (1) 2 (1) I18 1994 0 0 1 (1) 0 0 0 7 (1) 5 (2) 8 (1) 6 (1) 6 (1) 0 I18 1995 0 0 0 0 9 (1) 11 (1) 12 (1) 7 (1) 2 (1) 7 (1) 1 (1) 0 I18 1996 0 1 (1) 0 0 4 (1) 6 (3) 2 (1) 4 (2) 0 2 (1) 0 0 I18 1997 1 (1) 5 (1) 0 0 0 9 (1) 0 0 4 (1) 1 (1) 4 (1) 0 I18 1998 15 (1) 0 0 0 2 (2) 1 (1) 2 (1) 0 0 0 1 (1) 6 (1) I18 1999 9 (1) 14 (6) 0 1 (1) 1 (1) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 I18 2000 0 0 0 0 0 2 (2) 3 (2) 3 (2) 1 (1) 0 2 (2) 0 I18 2001 0 0 0 0 0 2 (2) 0 0 3 (2) 0 0 3 (1) I18 2002 0 0 0 0 4 (1) 12 (5) 10 (4) 0 8 (2) 0 0 1 (1) I18 2003 0 0 1 (1) 0 1 (1) 5 (3) 3 (2) 0 0 0 1 (1) 0 I19 1988 0 0 0 0 3 (1) 1 (1) 0 1 (1) 0 0 3 (1) 0 I19 1989 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 (1) 0 0 0 0 2 (1) I19 1991 0 0 0 3 (1) 0 9 (3) 1 (1) 0 0 0 0 0 I19 1992 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 (1) 1 (1) 2 (1) 1 (1) 0 0 I19 1993 0 0 0 0 0 1 (1) 1 (1) 7 (2) 0 0 2 (1) 0 I19 1994 1 (1) 4 (1) 6 (1) 0 1 (1) 1 (1) 5 (1) 6 (1) 1 (1) 2 (1) 1 (1) 0 I19 1995 3 (1) 1 (1) 1 (1) 4 (1) 1 (1) 0 0 2 (1) 2 (1) 0 0 0 I19 1996 0 4 (2) 0 0 5 (2) 1 (1) 3 (1) 1 (1) 0 3 (1) 0 0 I19 1997 1 (1) 1 (1) 6 (1) 0 3 (2) 5 (2) 2 (2) 0 0 0 0 0 I19 1998 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 (1) 1 (1) 0 0 0 6 (1) I19 1999 1 (1) 0 0 2 (1) 1 (1) 1 (1) 5 (1) 9 (1) 0 11 (2) 0 0 I19 2000 0 0 0 0 0 8 (2) 0 1 (1) 0 0 0 0 I19 2001 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 (1) I19 2002 0 0 0 0 6 (1) 3 (2) 3 (1) 3 (2) 0 4 (1) 1 (1) 1 (1) I19 2003 0 0 0 0 2 (1) 6 (4) 6 (5) 0 2 (2) 0 0 3 (1) J19 1988 0 0 1 (1) 1 (1) 3 (1) 1 (1) 0 0 0 1 (1) 0 0 J19 1989 0 9 (1) 4 (1) 0 2 (1) 2 (1) 0 5 (1) 0 12 (1) 8 (1) 11 (1) J19 1990 17 (2) 33 (2) 6 (1) 0 0 8 (1) 0 12 (1) 5 (1) 0 0 0 J19 1991 0 0 0 0 0 12 (3) 3 (1) 9 (1) 15 (2) 3 (1) 7 (1) 2 (1) J19 1992 7 (2) 6 (2) 2 (1) 1 (1) 7 (2) 19 (2) 9 (4) 5 (2) 9 (1) 2 (1) 6 (2) 1 (1) J19 1993 5 (1) 1 (1) 0 0 13 (1) 7 (2) 8 (1) 31 (4) 2 (1) 16 (1) 2 (1) 1 (1) J19 1994 7 (1) 4 (1) 2 (1) 0 3 (1) 10 (3) 13 (4) 9 (2) 20 (3) 13 (3) 6 (2) 0 J19 1995 5 (1) 0 1 (1) 2 (1) 0 19 (3) 27 (3) 3 (2) 20 (3) 9 (2) 1 (1) 0 J19 1996 12 (1) 6 (2) 0 1 (1) 12 (2) 19 (5) 23 (4) 39 (6) 23 (2) 12 (2) 1 (1) 0 J19 1997 4 (1) 10 (2) 6 (1) 3 (1) 13 (2) 19 (6) 25 (4) 0 12 (4) 6 (2) 6 (1) 2 (1) J19 1998 3 (2) 1 (1) 0 5 (1) 7 (3) 15 (4) 2 (1) 10 (2) 3 (3) 4 (1) 18 (2) 3 (2) J19 1999 30 (4) 36 (5) 4 (1) 2 (1) 5 (2) 18 (6) 12 (3) 1 (1) 11 (2) 0 6 (1) 0 J19 2000 0 0 14 (4) 1 (1) 29 (6) 24 (4) 16 (4) 14 (1) 16 (3) 11 (2) 1 (1) 0 J19 2001 0 0 6 (1) 3 (1) 19 (6) 4 (2) 7 (3) 19 (3) 1 (1) 4 (1) 0 2 (1) J19 2002 0 0 4 (1) 0 3 (1) 42 (11) 85 (16) 73 (13) 50 (9) 24 (5) 21 (5) 3 (2) J19 2003 0 0 3 (3) 2 (2) 29 (9) 57 (17) 59 (18) 23 (8) 48 (7) 14 (4) 1 (1) 0 J19 2004 0 0 6 (4) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 J20 1988 0 0 0 0 6 (2) 11 (3) 0 1 (1) 0 0 4 (2) 0 J20 1989 1 (1) 2 (1) 3 (1) 3 (1) 1 (1) 1 (1) 1 (1) 5 (1) 2 (1) 1 (1) 0 0 J20 1990 2 (1) 4 (1) 0 0 0 0 3 (2) 4 (1) 6 (2) 2 (1) 0 0 J20 1991 0 0 0 0 0 6 (4) 0 1 (1) 3 (1) 0 1 (1) 0 J20 1992 11 (1) 12 (1) 0 0 11 (3) 3 (1) 3 (3) 9 (2) 1 (1) 1 (1) 1 (1) 1 (1) J20 1993 2 (1) 0 1 (1) 0 1 (1) 4 (2) 33 (7) 37 (6) 34 (4) 0 0 0 J20 1994 0 4 (1) 14 (2) 0 1 (1) 13 (3) 11 (4) 14 (2) 1 (1) 2 (2) 3 (2) 4 (1) J20 1995 8 (2) 15 (2) 3 (1) 2 (1) 4 (2) 5 (2) 12 (3) 4 (1) 3 (2) 2 (1) 5 (1) 6 (1) J20 1996 3 (1) 11 (4) 1 (1) 1 (1) 10 (4) 7 (4) 22 (4) 3 (2) 11 (2) 7 (1) 0 12 (2) J20 1997 0 19 (2) 3 (1) 0 7 (3) 17 (6) 14 (6) 2 (1) 9 (1) 12 (2) 10 (1) 11 (1) J20 1998 6 (1) 0 1 (1) 12 (2) 18 (5) 8 (4) 5 (2) 31 (6) 12 (3) 14 (2) 8 (2) 7 (2) J20 1999 14 (3) 28 (5) 2 (2) 3 (1) 4 (2) 22 (8) 69 (11) 11 (6) 3 (3) 16 (2) 2 (2) 3 (1) J20 2000 0 0 25 (3) 0 1 (1) 9 (2) 16 (6) 5 (3) 3 (2) 9 (2) 1 (1) 0 J20 2001 0 0 3 (1) 4 (1) 16 (4) 0 29 (5) 12 (4) 19 (3) 37 (5) 6 (3) 9 (1) J20 2002 0 0 16 (3) 10 (3) 18 (4) 29 (6) 72 (20) 88 (15) 84 (17) 10 (4) 12 (6) 8 (4) J20 2003 0 0 9 (1) 5 (3) 52 (16) 181 (31) 95 (26) 43 (11) 20 (10) 38 (7) 6 (1) 8 (2) J20 2004 0 0 4 (3) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 K20 1988 0 0 0 6 (1) 13 (5) 21 (5) 0 0 0 0 0 0 K20 1989 1 (1) 0 0 0 0 2 (1) 1 (1) 0 2 (1) 0 0 0 K20 1990 0 0 0 0 0 1 (1) 19 (3) 16 (2) 17 (3) 0 0 0 K20 1991 0 0 0 2 (1) 5 (1) 18 (2) 3 (2) 3 (3) 0 0 0 0 K20 1992 0 1 (1) 0 0 3 (1) 3 (2) 28 (7) 16 (2) 18 (2) 6 (1) 1 (1) 4 (1) K20 1993 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 (3) 6 (2) 3 (2) 3 (2) 0 6 (1) K20 1994 0 0 0 0 1 (1) 2 (2) 7 (1) 7 (1) 9 (3) 0 0 8 (2) K20 1995 0 1 (1) 0 0 7 (2) 4 (2) 6 (2) 0 6 (1) 4 (2) 0 0 K20 1996 1 (1) 5 (2) 0 0 2 (2) 14 (4) 20 (3) 14 (3) 2 (1) 3 (1) 13 (1) 4 (1) K20 1997 0 4 (2) 1 (1) 1 (1) 24 (5) 25 (5) 5 (4) 21 (3) 4 (2) 1 (1) 1 (1) 1 (1) K20 1998 0 1 (1) 0 5 (1) 19 (2) 25 (6) 25 (2) 10 (3) 2 (1) 7 (1) 6 (1) 4 (1) K20 1999 0 3 (2) 3 (1) 0 10 (3) 36 (10) 43 (11) 13 (6) 5 (2) 6 (2) 16 (2) 19 (3) K20 2000 0 0 5 (3) 0 6 (3) 4 (2) 33 (8) 9 (3) 2 (1) 3 (1) 2 (1) 15 (3) K20 2001 0 0 1 (1) 0 21 (4) 2 (1) 31 (5) 23 (6) 11 (3) 10 (3) 21 (4) 0 K20 2002 0 0 5 (1) 0 3 (2) 43 (10) 103 (17) 104 (19) 58 (13) 24 (7) 37 (8) 8 (3) K20 2003 0 0 8 (3) 2 (1) 25 (8) 105 (24) 82 (20) 70 (13) 14 (7) 20 (6) 51 (7) 15 (4) K20 2004 0 0 2 (2) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 K21 1988 0 0 1 (1) 0 2 (2) 2 (1) 0 0 0 0 0 0 K21 1989 0 0 7 (1) 6 (1) 1 (1) 1 (1) 0 0 0 0 0 0 K21 1990 0 0 0 0 0 5 (2) 0 0 1 (1) 1 (1) 0 0 K21 1991 0 0 0 0 5 (2) 0 15 (1) 1 (1) 1 (1) 0 0 0 K21 1992 0 0 0 0 9 (3) 17 (3) 5 (3) 1 (1) 0 1 (1) 0 0 K21 1993 13 (1) 2 (1) 0 0 0 10 (2) 5 (3) 0 0 0 0 0 K21 1995 0 4 (1) 2 (2) 3 (2) 2 (2) 4 (3) 2 (2) 0 3 (1) 0 0 0 K21 1996 0 10 (2) 5 (1) 16 (3) 12 (4) 1 (1) 1 (1) 0 0 0 0 4 (2) K21 1997 0 0 0 18 (2) 8 (5) 12 (4) 2 (1) 6 (1) 1 (1) 2 (2) 0 0 K21 1998 4 (2) 3 (1) 0 10 (4) 4 (4) 1 (1) 1 (1) 0 0 0 0 0 K21 1999 0 0 0 0 2 (1) 3 (2) 7 (3) 2 (1) 0 0 0 0 K21 2000 0 0 0 0 1 (1) 6 (2) 4 (2) 0 0 0 7 (1) 6 (1) K21 2001 0 0 0 0 1 (1) 2 (2) 2 (1) 0 0 1 (1) 0 2 (1) K21 2002 0 0 0 0 2 (2) 18 (6) 24 (3) 0 0 4 (3) 5 (4) 2 (1) K21 2003 0 0 0 0 16 (5) 26 (9) 4 (2) 4 (2) 5 (1) 4 (2) 0 0 K21 2004 0 0 4 (1) 1 (1) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


141

L21 1988 0 0 0 13 (2) 31 (4) 22 (3) 9 (1) 0 0 0 0 0 L21 1989 0 0 2 (1) 11 (2) 8 (4) 2 (2) 5 (1) 0 2 (1) 0 0 0 L21 1990 0 0 0 0 0 1 (1) 20 (2) 2 (1) 5 (1) 8 (1) 0 0 L21 1991 0 0 0 0 9 (1) 17 (1) 0 2 (2) 2 (1) 0 0 0 L21 1992 0 0 0 0 13 (4) 10 (1) 14 (2) 11 (2) 16 (2) 10 (2) 3 (2) 4 (1) L21 1993 9 (2) 5 (1) 3 (2) 6 (1) 14 (2) 24 (5) 5 (2) 0 5 (1) 21 (1) 0 2 (1) L21 1994 0 0 0 0 4 (1) 29 (5) 3 (2) 10 (1) 0 1 (1) 0 0 L21 1995 0 1 (1) 0 0 5 (3) 17 (3) 8 (4) 7 (1) 3 (2) 0 2 (1) 0 L21 1996 5 (2) 16 (1) 15 (2) 22 (6) 12 (2) 23 (5) 26 (7) 1 (1) 0 1 (1) 2 (1) 2 (2) L21 1997 7 (1) 0 4 (2) 23 (4) 53 (9) 19 (4) 13 (3) 16 (5) 8 (2) 2 (2) 1 (1) 8 (3) L21 1998 15 (4) 4 (4) 9 (1) 19 (5) 14 (3) 28 (8) 3 (3) 3 (1) 0 0 0 2 (1) L21 1999 0 0 0 0 14 (3) 51 (9) 38 (8) 23 (6) 17 (5) 12 (4) 15 (4) 0 L21 2000 0 0 20 (4) 9 (1) 2 (2) 16 (4) 35 (11) 2 (2) 0 0 7 (1) 0 L21 2001 0 0 0 0 3 (2) 2 (1) 5 (1) 14 (6) 4 (2) 5 (2) 13 (4) 13 (3) L21 2002 0 0 0 11 (2) 27 (7) 56 (13) 40 (11) 11 (4) 6 (4) 8 (3) 39 (10) 11 (4) L21 2003 0 0 1 (1) 1 (1) 28 (14) 23 (7) 25 (9) 18 (7) 11 (7) 9 (5) 13 (5) 7 (2) L21 2004 0 0 1 (1) 1 (1) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 L22 1988 0 0 0 35 (4) 9 (3) 3 (1) 2 (1) 0 0 0 0 0 L22 1989 0 0 3 (2) 13 (4) 3 (2) 10 (2) 9 (2) 0 0 0 0 0 L22 1990 0 0 0 0 0 1 (1) 4 (2) 0 0 0 0 0 L22 1991 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 (1) 1 (1) 1 (1) 0 0 0 L22 1992 0 0 0 5 (1) 0 5 (2) 3 (1) 12 (2) 15 (2) 7 (1) 18 (2) 2 (1) L22 1993 1 (1) 5 (2) 21 (2) 5 (1) 7 (2) 10 (2) 13 (3) 6 (2) 0 0 1 (1) 0 L22 1994 0 0 1 (1) 10 (2) 13 (3) 31 (8) 15 (3) 2 (1) 1 (1) 0 1 (1) 0 L22 1995 0 0 0 3 (2) 0 9 (3) 4 (1) 4 (2) 6 (1) 0 0 0 L22 1996 3 (1) 0 11 (1) 0 5 (3) 6 (2) 15 (3) 30 (3) 14 (4) 0 0 0 L22 1997 0 0 0 1 (1) 7 (2) 3 (1) 9 (2) 6 (2) 17 (2) 6 (1) 0 10 (2) L22 1998 2 (1) 0 0 12 (3) 14 (5) 5 (1) 0 1 (1) 1 (1) 4 (1) 0 1 (1) L22 1999 0 0 1 (1) 2 (1) 3 (1) 13 (2) 6 (3) 0 8 (3) 0 2 (1) 0 L22 2000 0 0 5 (3) 1 (1) 2 (1) 4 (2) 16 (5) 13 (4) 3 (2) 0 5 (1) 0 L22 2001 0 0 0 0 2 (2) 1 (1) 0 12 (4) 1 (1) 1 (1) 1 (1) 4 (2) L22 2002 0 0 0 3 (1) 3 (2) 14 (7) 14 (7) 8 (2) 1 (1) 4 (2) 7 (2) 31 (6) L22 2003 0 0 0 0 20 (3) 15 (4) 7 (5) 5 (3) 28 (3) 10 (4) 4 (3) 2 (1) L22 2004 0 0 0 8 (1) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M21 1988 0 0 15 (2) 16 (2) 15 (3) 8 (3) 2 (1) 6 (1) 0 10 (1) 0 0 M21 1989 0 0 0 5 (1) 12 (3) 25 (3) 18 (2) 5 (1) 4 (2) 0 0 0 M21 1990 0 0 0 0 0 7 (2) 8 (2) 5 (1) 0 2 (1) 3 (1) 6 (1) M21 1991 1 (1) 0 0 0 0 1 (1) 5 (2) 2 (2) 5 (1) 0 0 0 M21 1992 0 0 0 3 (1) 7 (1) 14 (4) 18 (2) 26 (3) 11 (1) 6 (1) 13 (1) 0 M21 1993 0 0 3 (1) 0 5 (2) 29 (5) 7 (2) 2 (1) 1 (1) 9 (1) 13 (1) 1 (1) M21 1994 0 0 0 0 12 (3) 21 (2) 22 (4) 27 (4) 21 (3) 0 0 0 M21 1995 0 0 0 1 (1) 41 (6) 45 (7) 70 (7) 19 (5) 55 (5) 18 (2) 20 (1) 12 (1) M21 1996 2 (1) 0 0 21 (4) 23 (5) 48 (7) 44 (4) 24 (3) 27 (5) 15 (2) 25 (4) 24 (3) M21 1997 4 (1) 7 (1) 4 (2) 3 (2) 43 (9) 40 (9) 41 (7) 38 (4) 19 (4) 19 (3) 24 (1) 13 (1) M21 1998 0 10 (1) 13 (1) 21 (2) 13 (2) 21 (5) 15 (3) 6 (3) 4 (3) 16 (2) 13 (2) 7 (2) M21 1999 0 0 0 8 (1) 25 (5) 43 (7) 26 (7) 56 (12) 26 (3) 9 (3) 3 (1) 7 (1) M21 2000 0 0 5 (3) 4 (2) 2 (2) 19 (4) 56 (12) 41 (7) 5 (3) 0 11 (4) 0 M21 2001 0 0 0 0 5 (3) 11 (2) 24 (3) 15 (6) 21 (4) 25 (4) 50 (7) 24 (4) M21 2002 0 0 0 1 (1) 6 (5) 71 (12) 64 (14) 104 (12) 50 (8) 55 (6) 71 (13) 23 (5) M21 2003 0 0 13 (2) 28 (5) 35 (11) 50 (11) 62 (15) 105 (17) 33 (11) 43 (10) 31 (5) 11 (2) M21 2004 0 0 3 (3) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M22 1988 0 0 0 3 (1) 2 (2) 4 (2) 10 (1) 0 0 0 0 0 M22 1989 0 0 2 (1) 0 1 (1) 6 (2) 3 (1) 0 0 0 0 0 M22 1990 0 0 0 0 0 1 (1) 0 0 2 (1) 0 0 0 M22 1991 0 0 0 0 0 5 (1) 1 (1) 6 (1) 1 (1) 0 0 0 M22 1992 0 0 0 0 0 1 (1) 1 (1) 5 (3) 9 (2) 3 (1) 1 (1) 0 M22 1993 0 0 0 0 4 (1) 9 (2) 3 (1) 0 6 (1) 27 (2) 12 (1) 0 M22 1994 0 0 1 (1) 0 7 (2) 4 (3) 0 11 (1) 21 (3) 10 (1) 14 (2) 1 (1) M22 1995 0 0 0 29 (1) 28 (4) 5 (3) 13 (2) 2 (1) 7 (1) 0 0 0 M22 1996 0 0 0 1 (1) 14 (4) 35 (5) 18 (2) 21 (4) 10 (3) 10 (2) 18 (2) 5 (1) M22 1997 0 1 (1) 0 0 12 (3) 30 (5) 7 (3) 11 (3) 5 (2) 1 (1) 2 (1) 1 (1) M22 1998 0 0 0 0 4 (1) 7 (1) 0 3 (2) 2 (1) 5 (2) 0 0 M22 1999 0 0 0 7 (4) 13 (4) 17 (5) 2 (1) 16 (4) 18 (3) 25 (4) 7 (1) 1 (1) M22 2000 0 0 2 (1) 0 7 (3) 11 (3) 17 (6) 5 (4) 3 (1) 0 0 0 M22 2001 0 0 0 0 2 (1) 7 (2) 9 (3) 6 (3) 0 0 12 (2) 7 (2) M22 2002 0 0 0 0 2 (2) 24 (11) 16 (8) 8 (4) 19 (4) 1 (1) 8 (3) 7 (2) M22 2003 0 0 3 (1) 3 (1) 3 (2) 6 (2) 21 (5) 9 (5) 8 (4) 9 (4) 8 (4) 2 (2) N22 1988 0 0 0 0 6 (1) 7 (2) 2 (1) 0 0 0 0 0 N22 1989 0 0 2 (2) 1 (1) 1 (1) 0 0 1 (1) 0 0 0 0 N22 1992 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 (1) 0 0 0 N22 1994 0 0 0 0 0 2 (1) 9 (2) 2 (1) 0 0 0 0 N22 1995 0 0 0 0 0 4 (1) 12 (4) 2 (1) 6 (2) 0 2 (1) 0 N22 1996 2 (1) 11 (1) 0 0 3 (1) 12 (5) 13 (4) 8 (2) 26 (2) 18 (1) 24 (2) 19 (2) N22 1997 0 0 0 0 1 (1) 10 (1) 0 2 (2) 0 1 (1) 0 0 N22 1998 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 (1) 9 (2) 0 1 (1) 0 0 N22 1999 4 (1) 7 (1) 0 0 0 1 (1) 0 12 (3) 6 (2) 8 (2) 0 0 N22 2000 0 0 0 0 0 16 (4) 27 (8) 11 (6) 11 (2) 0 0 2 (1) N22 2001 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 (2) 3 (2) 0 0 11 (1) 6 (2) N22 2002 0 0 0 0 2 (1) 5 (2) 13 (5) 6 (3) 1 (1) 3 (1) 27 (5) 5 (2) N22 2003 0 0 0 0 1 (1) 10 (3) 21 (7) 39 (10) 11 (6) 4 (2) 20 (2) 9 (2) N22 2004 0 0 4 (1) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O22 1988 0 0 0 0 0 1 (1) 1 (1) 2 (1) 6 (1) 0 0 0 O22 1989 0 0 0 0 3 (2) 0 0 1 (1) 0 0 0 0 O22 1992 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 (1) 0 O22 1994 0 0 0 0 0 3 (1) 10 (1) 2 (1) 0 0 0 0 O22 1995 0 0 0 0 0 4 (1) 2 (2) 2 (1) 0 4 (2) 4 (1) 0 O22 1996 0 0 0 0 3 (2) 7 (2) 5 (2) 1 (1) 0 0 2 (2) 0 O22 1997 0 0 0 0 0 1 (1) 1 (1) 7 (1) 1 (1) 0 0 0 O22 1998 3 (1) 0 0 4 (2) 0 0 3 (2) 1 (1) 0 0 0 0 O22 1999 0 0 0 1 (1) 1 (1) 2 (1) 0 12 (2) 11 (3) 10 (2) 0 0 O22 2000 0 0 0 0 5 (1) 8 (2) 17 (5) 13 (3) 4 (1) 1 (1) 4 (2) 0 O22 2001 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 (1) 13 (2) 5 (1) 0 0 0 O22 2002 0 0 1 (1) 4 (1) 1 (1) 20 (4) 23 (8) 29 (4) 6 (2) 4 (2) 4 (4) 1 (1) O22 2003 0 0 1 (1) 12 (3) 22 (4) 24 (5) 34 (6) 30 (10) 7 (4) 8 (4) 14 (3) 2 (2) O22 2004 0 0 5 (2) 1 (1) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 P22 1988 0 0 0 0 0 1 (1) 0 0 0 0 0 0 P22 1989 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 (1) 8 (1) 0 0 P22 1990 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 (1) 0 P22 1992 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 (1) 0 0 0 0 P22 1993 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 (1) 0 P22 1994 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 (1) 0 0 0 0 P22 1995 0 0 0 1 (1) 1 (1) 7 (1) 2 (1) 0 1 (1) 2 (1) 1 (1) 0


142

P22 1996 0 0 0 0 20 (3) 17 (2) 18 (3) 7 (3) 2 (1) 1 (1) 1 (1) 0 P22 1997 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 (1) 0 4 (1) 1 (1) 0 0 P22 1998 0 0 0 0 3 (1) 8 (2) 9 (2) 0 4 (1) 0 0 0 P22 1999 0 0 0 0 2 (1) 0 0 6 (1) 10 (3) 9 (2) 0 0 P22 2000 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 (2) 11 (3) 16 (3) 5 (2) 9 (2) 1 (1) P22 2001 0 0 0 0 1 (1) 3 (1) 1 (1) 13 (3) 6 (2) 0 0 0 P22 2002 0 0 0 1 (1) 2 (1) 11 (3) 7 (3) 5 (2) 3 (2) 0 7 (3) 2 (1) P22 2003 0 0 3 (1) 14 (3) 7 (4) 15 (2) 22 (6) 6 (3) 4 (3) 0 0 1 (1) P22 2004 0 0 7 (2) 8 (2) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 P23 1988 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 (1) 0 0 0 P23 1989 0 0 0 0 0 5 (2) 2 (1) 0 9 (2) 0 0 0 P23 1990 0 0 14 (1) 4 (1) 0 1 (1) 23 (1) 8 (1) 0 0 2 (1) 1 (1) P23 1991 1 (1) 2 (1) 0 0 0 1 (1) 3 (1) 3 (1) 4 (1) 24 (2) 7 (2) 0 P23 1992 0 3 (1) 0 0 6 (1) 17 (2) 8 (1) 2 (1) 3 (1) 19 (1) 15 (2) 7 (1) P23 1993 2 (1) 1 (1) 0 0 13 (1) 1 (1) 0 0 8 (2) 0 0 0 P23 1994 0 0 0 0 2 (1) 0 12 (2) 9 (2) 10 (1) 3 (1) 0 6 (1) P23 1995 0 7 (1) 0 0 8 (2) 13 (3) 16 (4) 3 (1) 5 (1) 5 (1) 18 (2) 18 (3) P23 1996 0 0 0 7 (3) 25 (4) 32 (4) 13 (3) 28 (5) 0 15 (2) 7 (3) 1 (1) P23 1997 1 (1) 0 0 5 (1) 17 (4) 21 (2) 10 (1) 43 (5) 57 (6) 21 (2) 9 (2) 14 (2) P23 1998 0 9 (1) 9 (1) 10 (2) 8 (2) 26 (8) 16 (5) 10 (3) 12 (1) 13 (1) 23 (3) 20 (2) P23 1999 19 (2) 3 (1) 5 (1) 13 (2) 7 (3) 7 (2) 8 (2) 8 (3) 16 (2) 9 (5) 15 (3) 7 (2) P23 2000 0 0 14 (2) 16 (1) 5 (1) 13 (2) 67 (13) 41 (12) 35 (8) 18 (4) 6 (4) 3 (1) P23 2001 0 0 0 0 4 (4) 0 3 (2) 18 (4) 1 (1) 19 (4) 6 (2) 2 (1) P23 2002 0 0 0 13 (2) 14 (3) 34 (6) 57 (13) 19 (8) 27 (7) 16 (3) 40 (7) 28 (6) P23 2003 0 0 0 34 (6) 52 (8) 48 (7) 20 (5) 27 (11) 12 (6) 19 (3) 16 (2) 24 (5) P23 2004 0 0 8 (2) 14 (3) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Q23 1989 0 0 0 0 0 4 (1) 3 (1) 0 1 (1) 0 0 0 Q23 1990 0 0 0 0 0 9 (1) 0 0 13 (1) 2 (1) 0 0 Q23 1991 1 (1) 4 (1) 0 0 0 0 5 (1) 13 (1) 4 (1) 0 0 0 Q23 1992 0 0 0 0 0 1 (1) 11 (1) 0 10 (1) 2 (1) 9 (1) 0 Q23 1993 4 (1) 0 0 3 (1) 3 (1) 0 0 5 (1) 1 (1) 0 1 (1) 0 Q23 1994 0 0 0 0 0 15 (1) 0 3 (1) 0 0 0 0 Q23 1995 0 0 0 0 7 (1) 2 (1) 15 (2) 0 0 6 (1) 0 0 Q23 1996 0 0 0 3 (1) 15 (1) 8 (2) 15 (3) 15 (2) 4 (2) 23 (2) 27 (3) 17 (2) Q23 1997 5 (1) 8 (1) 0 0 15 (1) 19 (2) 21 (2) 26 (5) 19 (3) 28 (3) 12 (5) 14 (3) Q23 1998 6 (1) 6 (1) 0 2 (1) 24 (3) 19 (3) 9 (3) 8 (2) 36 (4) 20 (4) 31 (3) 8 (3) Q23 1999 16 (2) 3 (1) 4 (1) 12 (3) 20 (2) 11 (2) 24 (3) 15 (4) 14 (3) 8 (2) 11 (2) 10 (3) Q23 2000 0 0 1 (1) 6 (1) 19 (2) 7 (1) 24 (5) 8 (3) 42 (3) 22 (3) 7 (3) 1 (1) Q23 2001 0 0 0 0 16 (3) 13 (2) 18 (3) 28 (2) 19 (5) 20 (3) 20 (3) 11 (2) Q23 2002 0 0 1 (1) 3 (1) 5 (1) 7 (1) 39 (5) 24 (3) 31 (3) 15 (3) 12 (2) 13 (3) Q23 2003 0 0 6 (1) 2 (1) 5 (2) 13 (3) 11 (2) 30 (4) 9 (2) 5 (2) 3 (2) 4 (1) Q24 1988 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 (1) Q24 1989 3 (1) 0 0 0 0 9 (2) 5 (1) 0 8 (1) 4 (1) 0 0 Q24 1990 0 11 (1) 0 0 0 0 0 7 (1) 0 16 (1) 4 (2) 0 Q24 1991 3 (1) 0 0 0 0 11 (2) 14 (2) 7 (1) 11 (1) 6 (1) 1 (1) 0 Q24 1992 1 (1) 0 0 0 8 (1) 14 (1) 0 3 (1) 1 (1) 0 3 (1) 2 (1) Q24 1993 1 (1) 0 0 0 0 0 4 (1) 0 4 (1) 7 (1) 1 (1) 0 Q24 1994 0 0 0 0 4 (1) 4 (2) 4 (1) 12 (2) 0 4 (1) 0 0 Q24 1995 0 0 6 (2) 2 (1) 4 (1) 9 (2) 23 (5) 9 (2) 12 (1) 6 (2) 21 (3) 8 (2) Q24 1996 7 (2) 1 (1) 0 1 (1) 4 (2) 19 (5) 40 (4) 21 (4) 30 (6) 17 (6) 16 (3) 12 (2) Q24 1997 2 (1) 2 (1) 0 0 1 (1) 12 (3) 26 (5) 21 (4) 33 (6) 12 (3) 25 (6) 22 (5) Q24 1998 2 (1) 9 (1) 11 (2) 6 (2) 49 (6) 75 (9) 46 (6) 47 (7) 22 (5) 75 (6) 50 (6) 19 (3) Q24 1999 1 (1) 10 (1) 15 (1) 16 (3) 37 (7) 23 (4) 22 (6) 20 (5) 13 (2) 33 (6) 16 (4) 6 (2) Q24 2000 0 0 2 (1) 0 12 (4) 12 (3) 48 (10) 22 (6) 10 (4) 21 (5) 21 (4) 4 (1) Q24 2001 0 0 0 0 22 (8) 12 (4) 30 (7) 34 (4) 20 (7) 21 (4) 13 (3) 10 (2) Q24 2002 0 0 43 (7) 25 (4) 44 (5) 10 (3) 35 (11) 21 (4) 22 (9) 14 (3) 32 (8) 31 (7) Q24 2003 0 0 59 (5) 27 (7) 16 (5) 31 (6) 65 (10) 44 (13) 13 (5) 41 (6) 36 (4) 5 (2) Q24 2004 0 0 25 (4) 2 (1) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R24 1988 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 (1) R24 1989 2 (1) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R24 1991 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 (1) 0 0 0 0 R24 1992 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 (1) 0 R24 1993 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 (1) 2 (1) 0 0 0 0 R24 1995 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 (1) 0 0 3 (1) 1 (1) 0 R24 1996 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 (1) 3 (1) 0 0 1 (1) R24 1997 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 (1) 0 0 4 (1) 3 (2) 0 R24 1998 0 0 0 0 0 1 (1) 2 (1) 0 13 (2) 8 (2) 0 0 R24 1999 0 0 0 2 (1) 0 17 (2) 0 2 (1) 0 1 (1) 0 0 R24 2000 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 (3) 11 (3) 0 0 0 0 R24 2001 0 0 0 24 (1) 10 (3) 7 (2) 0 3 (1) 1 (1) 0 0 0 R24 2002 0 0 17 (3) 12 (2) 2 (2) 7 (1) 0 1 (1) 4 (1) 2 (1) 0 0 R24 2003 0 0 0 0 1 (1) 6 (2) 8 (4) 10 (5) 15 (5) 4 (1) 2 (2) 0 R24 2004 0 0 14 (2) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R25 1992 0 0 0 0 0 1 (1) 0 0 0 0 0 0 R25 1993 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 (1) 1 (1) 0 0 0 0 R25 1994 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 (1) 5 (1) 0 0 0 0 R25 1995 0 0 0 0 0 9 (2) 23 (1) 10 (1) 0 8 (1) 0 0 R25 1996 4 (1) 0 0 0 6 (1) 10 (1) 25 (4) 6 (2) 12 (3) 1 (1) 1 (1) 1 (1) R25 1997 0 0 0 6 (1) 0 0 9 (1) 0 15 (3) 5 (2) 6 (2) 9 (2) R25 1998 0 0 0 0 0 42 (4) 53 (7) 35 (6) 31 (4) 12 (2) 5 (2) 10 (2) R25 1999 0 0 6 (2) 13 (2) 12 (3) 9 (1) 10 (3) 14 (6) 9 (2) 0 4 (1) 5 (1) R25 2000 0 0 8 (2) 5 (1) 12 (3) 28 (2) 27 (4) 10 (4) 6 (1) 2 (1) 0 0 R25 2001 0 0 0 3 (1) 17 (7) 5 (3) 19 (4) 19 (3) 14 (7) 0 13 (2) 0 R25 2002 0 0 11 (2) 2 (2) 2 (2) 1 (1) 9 (3) 11 (3) 5 (3) 0 20 (4) 0 R25 2003 0 0 0 0 5 (1) 29 (3) 8 (4) 13 (3) 27 (6) 0 9 (2) 2 (1) R25 2004 0 0 1 (1) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


143

14.6.4 Eastern king prawns — Queensland

Table 14.52 Example genstat code used to analyse eastern king prawn catches from Queensland waters.

‘General Linear Model’ MODEL [DISTRIBUTION=normal; LINK=identity; DISPERSION=*;weight=wts] logwt FIT [PRINT=model,summary,estimates,correlations,accumulated; selection=%variance,%ss,adjustedr2,r2,seobservations,dispersion,%meandeviance,%deviance,aic,sic;\ CONSTANT=estimate; FPROB=yes; TPROB=yes;\ FACT=2] fishyear*month*grid+lunar+lunar_adv+logscallops+\ loghp + logspeed + nozzle + sonar + gps2 + compmap +\ nettype + lognetres + logmesh + ggear4 + logchain + boards + brdted + tryyesno

‘Linear Mixed Model.REML’ VCOMPONENTS [FIXED=fishyear*month*grid+lunar+lunar_adv+logscallops+sonar+compmap+\ nettype+lognetres+logmesh+ggear4+logchain+boards+brdted+tryyesno; FACTORIAL=2] RANDOM=record_number; INITIAL=1; CONSTRAINTS=positive REML [PRINT=model,components,effects,vcovariance,deviance,waldTests,\ covariancemodel; PSE=estimates;weights=wts; MVINCLUDE=*; method=ai;] logwt vkeep [residuals=res; fittedvalues=pred;ALLVCOVARIANCE =cov;alleffects=param;df=dfree;deviance=dev];\ terms=fishyear*month*grid+lunar+lunar_adv+logscallops+sonar\ +compmap+nettype+lognetres+logmesh+ggear4+logchain+boards+brdted+tryyesno ‘Calculate lognet residuals -— to adjust for depth sector management bias’ ‘General Model.’ MODEL [DISTRIBUTION=normal; LINK=identity; DISPERSION=*] lognet FIT [PRINT=model,summary,estimates; CONSTANT=estimate; FPROB=yes; TPROB=yes; FACT=9] depth_sector RKEEP RESIDUALS=lognetres ‘Calculate weightings for standardised catch rates; based on spatial area’ ‘t2$[1] = number of shallow water records; t2$[2] = number of deep water records’ TABULATE [PRINT=nobs; CLASSIFICATION=depth_sector; MARGINS=no] logwt; NOBS=t vtable table=t; variate=t2; classification=t3 ‘proportion of 30 min logbook grids that are classified deep’ calculate d=0.55 ‘proportion of 30 min grids that are classified shallow’ calculate s=0.45 CALCULATE wts=(depth_sector==1)*s/t2$[1]+(depth_sector==2)*d/t2$[2] calculate wts=wts*sum((catch_wt>0))

Table 14.53 Linear correlations between some of the different eastern king prawn vessel characteristics.

Vessel length

Engine HP

Trawl speed

Gear box ratio

Fuel capacity Fuel use Propeller

size Propeller

pitch Propeller

nozzle Sonar GPS Computer mapping

Try gear net

BRD and TED Net size Mesh

size Chain size

Vessel length 1.00

Engine HP 0.76 1.00

Trawl speed 0.44 0.48 1.00

Gear box ratio 0.68 0.68 0.43 1.00

Fuel capacity 0.87 0.83 0.48 0.81 1.00

Fuel use 0.80 0.87 0.46 0.70 0.84 1.00

Propeller size 0.77 0.73 0.42 0.88 0.83 0.75 1.00

Propeller pitch 0.81 0.75 0.51 0.85 0.86 0.74 0.82 1.00


Sonar 0.32 0.28 0.25 0.26 0.33 0.32 0.32 0.22 0.24 1.00

GPS 0.20 0.32 0.12 0.21 0.23 0.23 0.18 0.23 0.26 0.16 1.00


Try gear net 0.21 0.38 0.27 0.22 0.25 0.28 0.16 0.20 0.35 0.18 0.24 0.30 1.00

BRD and TED 0.05 0.14 0.12 0.03 0.05 0.10 0.09 0.06 0.17 0.10 0.24 0.38 0.03 1.00

Net size 0.62 0.60 0.16 0.55 0.65 0.61 0.57 0.59 0.36 0.19 0.10 0.17 0.06 –0.09 1.00

Mesh size 0.43 0.53 0.21 0.47 0.51 0.46 0.48 0.46 0.26 0.10 0.11 0.24 0.15 0.02 0.54 1.00

Chain size 0.48 0.44 0.23 0.51 0.57 0.43 0.49 0.59 0.36 0.23 0.17 0.24 0.12 –0.03 0.47 0.32 1.00


144

Table 14.54 The eastern king prawn general linear model (GLM) β2 parameter correlations between the different vessel characteristics.

Engine HP

Trawl speed


mappingNet —twin

Net -—triple

Net -—quad

Net -— five Net size Mesh

size Chain -—

sliding rings

Chain — looped

Chain — rope

Chain -—others

Chain size

Board — bison


Board — others

BRD and TED

Net — try gear

Engine HP 1.00


Propeller nozzle –0.29 –0.23 1.00

Sonar 0.00 –0.08 0.00 1.00

GPS –0.12 0.02 0.01 0.01 1.00

Computer mapping –0.05 –0.14 0.01 –0.15 0.03 1.00

Net — twin –0.11 –0.10 0.02 –0.01 –0.04 0.01 1.00

Net — triple –0.08 –0.06 0.04 0.02 –0.06 0.02 0.89 1.00

Net — quad –0.11 –0.08 0.04 0.03 –0.06 0.00 0.86 0.97 1.00

Net — five –0.08 –0.05 0.04 0.04 –0.05 0.00 0.79 0.89 0.88 1.00

Net size –0.29 0.05 –0.01 –0.04 –0.01 0.01 0.13 –0.05 –0.01 –0.05 1.00

Mesh size –0.13 0.06 0.10 0.04 0.02 –0.02 –0.01 –0.06 –0.11 –0.02 0.05 1.00

Chain — sliding rings –0.02 0.11 –0.07 –0.14 –0.04 –0.04 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.06 –0.09 0.13 1.00

Chain — looped 0.00 0.02 –0.16 –0.10 –0.02 –0.09 0.09 0.13 0.14 0.15 –0.09 –0.10 0.31 1.00

Chain — rope 0.09 0.09 –0.07 –0.02 0.00 –0.05 0.01 0.00 –0.01 0.02 –0.08 0.11 0.26 0.41 1.00

Chain — others –0.01 0.01 –0.13 –0.08 –0.04 –0.13 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.10 –0.12 0.02 0.31 0.55 0.39 1.00

Chain size –0.13 –0.03 –0.07 –0.06 –0.09 –0.03 –0.08 –0.09 –0.04 –0.07 –0.10 0.00 –0.05 0.04 0.03 –0.16 1.00

Board — bison 0.08 0.01 –0.03 0.06 0.02 –0.03 –0.05 0.08 0.06 0.07 –0.07 –0.33 0.00 0.05 –0.04 –0.04 –0.29 1.00

Board — lourve/kilfoil 0.20 –0.14 –0.15 0.04 0.02 –0.01 0.00 0.01 –0.10 0.02 –0.02 –0.07 –0.02 –0.01 –0.06 0.03 –0.13 0.20 1.00

Board — others 0.08 –0.01 0.07 0.03 0.03 0.03 –0.01 –0.03 –0.06 –0.20 0.03 0.02 –0.02 –0.10 0.04 –0.04 –0.07 0.02 0.11 1.00

BRD and TED –0.07 0.01 0.00 0.10 –0.04 0.02 0.00 –0.02 –0.01 –0.02 0.01 0.09 0.01 –0.11 –0.16 –0.11 0.07 –0.08 –0.08 –0.02 1.00

Net — try gear –0.25 –0.04 –0.11 –0.12 –0.09 –0.15 0.07 0.04 0.02 –0.02 –0.04 –0.04 –0.01 0.08 –0.03 0.17 0.00 –0.09 –0.09 –0.05 0.08 1.00


145

Figure 14.14 Standardised residuals from the eastern king prawn analyses.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 80

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000


Freq

uenc

y

Data

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1-3.7

-3.65

-3.6

-3.55

-3.5

-3.45

-3.4

-3.35


λ

Log

likel

ihoo

d

Figure 14.15 Histogram of the natural logarithm transformation of the observed eastern king prawn catches and the plot of the Box-Cox likelihood.


146

Table 14.55 Yearly summary of the number of boats and daily catches of eastern king prawns analysed.

Fishing Number of boats Number of days fished Year Shallow Deep Shallow Deep 1988 18 26 366 919 1989 30 23 1006 989 1990 36 27 1307 1412 1991 38 38 1328 2329 1992 35 38 1272 2417 1993 36 39 1207 2815 1994 48 45 1449 2529 1995 55 52 1932 3215 1996 59 59 2389 3830 1997 77 60 2826 3937 1998 71 62 2451 4572 1999 66 55 2131 3530 2000 58 47 1202 3619 2001 56 49 1687 4794 2002 55 48 1552 5631 2003 57 51 1640 6119 2004 51 52 1574 2914


147

Table 14.56 Summary of the number of daily catches of eastern king prawns analysed by fishing year, month and grid. The number of boats associated with the number of daily catches is shown in parenthesis.

Depth sector Grid Fishing Year November December January February March April May June July August September October

Shallow waters W33 1988 0 0 3 (2) 9 (2) 8 (2) 11 (3) 13 (3) 2 (1) 6 (1) 0 7 (1) 11 (1) < 50 fathoms W33 1989 8 (2) 4 (2) 25 (5) 0 6 (3) 21 (5) 18 (5) 9 (2) 20 (4) 24 (4) 16 (5) 35 (6) W33 1990 16 (5) 25 (5) 12 (1) 26 (4) 11 (4) 26 (6) 39 (5) 18 (4) 4 (3) 17 (1) 12 (2) 23 (5) W33 1991 25 (7) 37 (4) 22 (6) 6 (1) 40 (7) 15 (4) 24 (7) 25 (6) 0 0 2 (2) 9 (2) W33 1992 3 (1) 19 (5) 28 (5) 17 (4) 67 (9) 24 (7) 29 (8) 19 (5) 0 0 0 3 (2) W33 1993 26 (5) 25 (5) 23 (3) 7 (2) 32 (8) 41 (10) 26 (6) 6 (2) 7 (2) 1 (1) 0 0 W33 1994 0 0 5 (2) 13 (6) 7 (3) 0 3 (2) 5 (1) 6 (3) 9 (2) 0 0 W33 1995 12 (3) 6 (3) 16 (4) 6 (3) 15 (5) 31 (6) 20 (4) 15 (3) 12 (4) 6 (1) 5 (2) 2 (1) W33 1996 5 (2) 11 (5) 26 (9) 47 (10) 41 (10) 63 (8) 19 (7) 23 (8) 16 (5) 16 (3) 9 (3) 17 (5) W33 1997 35 (7) 33 (5) 12 (5) 10 (6) 44 (12) 41 (10) 13 (3) 18 (5) 18 (4) 26 (3) 12 (3) 24 (6) W33 1998 17 (9) 44 (15) 81 (16) 39 (13) 34 (9) 47 (11) 25 (7) 17 (4) 3 (1) 2 (2) 13 (3) 1 (1) W33 1999 3 (1) 24 (6) 20 (5) 40 (13) 76 (13) 64 (11) 35 (8) 25 (6) 21 (5) 24 (7) 3 (2) 3 (1) W33 2000 7 (3) 42 (12) 6 (3) 0 30 (6) 28 (6) 28 (8) 41 (10) 23 (5) 1 (1) 2 (2) 0 W33 2001 41 (10) 48 (9) 45 (11) 18 (7) 34 (10) 62 (11) 33 (11) 10 (1) 2 (1) 7 (2) 8 (3) 0 W33 2002 37 (9) 56 (14) 13 (5) 45 (11) 17 (7) 21 (8) 8 (3) 7 (3) 11 (3) 5 (3) 1 (1) 0 W33 2003 106 (17) 58 (15) 39 (7) 6 (4) 32 (5) 40 (10) 25 (8) 14 (5) 11 (1) 11 (3) 4 (3) 0 W33 2004 26 (10) 45 (16) 62 (17) 43 (12) 75 (11) 36 (7) 0 0 0 0 0 0 W34 1988 0 0 4 (1) 0 12 (3) 0 4 (1) 0 2 (2) 0 12 (3) 34 (4) W34 1989 47 (6) 36 (9) 30 (8) 9 (3) 18 (4) 12 (4) 20 (5) 24 (4) 4 (1) 5 (3) 24 (5) 44 (5) W34 1990 42 (8) 38 (5) 50 (6) 49 (6) 33 (9) 62 (7) 4 (1) 7 (3) 13 (2) 28 (3) 30 (3) 53 (6) W34 1991 64 (12) 62 (9) 78 (11) 106 (17) 60 (12) 27 (5) 18 (4) 3 (1) 3 (1) 1 (1) 59 (7) 90 (12) W34 1992 111 (7) 92 (10) 115 (14) 62 (10) 41 (10) 24 (8) 17 (5) 13 (3) 26 (3) 13 (2) 32 (5) 72 (9) W34 1993 42 (6) 29 (5) 44 (6) 72 (7) 45 (8) 32 (8) 44 (9) 23 (4) 11 (3) 16 (2) 7 (3) 3 (1) W34 1994 3 (2) 32 (10) 35 (8) 62 (8) 41 (10) 39 (7) 19 (3) 11 (2) 7 (2) 8 (2) 6 (2) 27 (5) W34 1995 110 (12) 81 (19) 65 (14) 71 (10) 96 (12) 42 (11) 51 (9) 6 (2) 4 (1) 2 (1) 2 (2) 11 (2) W34 1996 5 (2) 50 (11) 84 (14) 98 (17) 68 (15) 89 (15) 55 (10) 29 (7) 4 (3) 0 6 (4) 31 (9) W34 1997 107 (18) 125 (17) 92 (20) 106 (15) 106 (17) 52 (12) 14 (4) 22 (3) 1 (1) 5 (2) 4 (2) 6 (4) W34 1998 54 (13) 60 (16) 74 (16) 80 (17) 54 (10) 43 (8) 27 (8) 8 (3) 2 (1) 5 (1) 4 (2) 13 (2) W34 1999 20 (7) 62 (16) 34 (8) 58 (15) 45 (13) 16 (3) 3 (3) 5 (3) 11 (4) 4 (3) 3 (1) 8 (3) W34 2000 12 (4) 35 (7) 10 (5) 20 (4) 27 (7) 31 (6) 50 (6) 27 (9) 15 (5) 11 (4) 5 (2) 0 W34 2001 177 (22) 159 (20) 180 (21) 103 (20) 44 (10) 47 (10) 53 (13) 4 (1) 0 1 (1) 8 (3) 0 W34 2002 131 (17) 153 (24) 136 (16) 100 (12) 46 (9) 37 (8) 12 (5) 3 (2) 0 0 0 0 W34 2003 113 (18) 139 (17) 82 (11) 65 (11) 63 (11) 30 (7) 11 (5) 6 (2) 0 0 7 (3) 0 W34 2004 176 (18) 155 (22) 189 (26) 111 (12) 80 (15) 61 (9) 0 0 0 0 0 0 W35 1988 0 0 2 (1) 6 (2) 13 (5) 8 (1) 5 (2) 0 2 (2) 0 0 5 (2) W35 1989 8 (3) 17 (4) 38 (6) 20 (3) 32 (5) 13 (2) 13 (4) 9 (4) 5 (2) 17 (3) 8 (1) 16 (2) W35 1990 23 (5) 19 (2) 41 (6) 42 (7) 32 (6) 53 (7) 35 (6) 25 (3) 9 (3) 9 (2) 13 (3) 12 (3) W35 1991 15 (5) 19 (4) 34 (7) 28 (7) 35 (7) 34 (7) 9 (2) 0 3 (2) 0 0 1 (1) W35 1992 1 (1) 7 (2) 26 (4) 28 (4) 28 (5) 25 (3) 12 (2) 0 1 (1) 0 0 0 W35 1993 0 0 17 (5) 19 (5) 21 (4) 33 (7) 19 (5) 9 (3) 14 (2) 4 (2) 3 (1) 9 (1) W35 1994 9 (2) 41 (10) 15 (5) 2 (2) 0 16 (3) 14 (2) 19 (2) 9 (1) 18 (3) 9 (2) 9 (2) W35 1995 0 40 (10) 3 (2) 14 (3) 38 (9) 8 (4) 13 (3) 6 (1) 11 (1) 5 (1) 7 (1) 2 (1) W35 1996 1 (1) 10 (3) 10 (5) 19 (5) 35 (6) 14 (3) 7 (2) 1 (1) 12 (2) 10 (1) 8 (1) 10 (3) W35 1997 12 (3) 12 (4) 10 (4) 53 (11) 20 (9) 45 (7) 5 (3) 19 (2) 11 (2) 10 (2) 12 (3) 16 (3) W35 1998 13 (3) 2 (1) 7 (2) 16 (7) 25 (10) 49 (9) 34 (5) 14 (4) 0 0 1 (1) 10 (3) W35 1999 8 (3) 5 (4) 16 (5) 41 (11) 58 (14) 26 (8) 8 (3) 4 (2) 0 0 1 (1) 2 (1) W35 2000 16 (2) 40 (9) 31 (6) 0 18 (3) 4 (3) 6 (2) 10 (2) 0 0 1 (1) 0 W35 2001 14 (8) 51 (10) 13 (6) 4 (3) 9 (4) 0 1 (1) 0 1 (1) 0 0 0 W35 2002 18 (3) 13 (5) 57 (11) 7 (3) 2 (2) 0 0 0 0 0 1 (1) 0 W35 2003 4 (2) 16 (8) 5 (3) 18 (7) 32 (9) 8 (4) 6 (3) 0 0 1 (1) 0 0 W35 2004 2 (2) 3 (3) 11 (6) 6 (3) 9 (4) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 W36 1988 0 0 18 (3) 31 (6) 12 (3) 20 (4) 20 (3) 6 (3) 11 (3) 13 (3) 28 (4) 28 (5) W36 1989 59 (9) 50 (9) 63 (9) 34 (7) 39 (8) 32 (6) 7 (3) 7 (3) 24 (3) 20 (4) 7 (2) 9 (4) W36 1990 33 (7) 83 (9) 75 (9) 45 (8) 22 (6) 20 (6) 19 (4) 5 (1) 10 (1) 19 (3) 11 (3) 14 (4) W36 1991 36 (7) 71 (9) 61 (10) 45 (8) 44 (6) 23 (6) 14 (2) 14 (2) 18 (3) 10 (3) 12 (5) 26 (7) W36 1992 59 (10) 61 (10) 39 (10) 49 (7) 41 (7) 11 (4) 6 (2) 2 (1) 1 (1) 3 (1) 13 (2) 32 (5) W36 1993 36 (6) 43 (7) 122 (14) 68 (10) 50 (8) 49 (7) 36 (8) 15 (6) 16 (3) 6 (2) 28 (4) 28 (5) W36 1994 81 (9) 193 (22) 137 (17) 160 (19) 52 (10) 47 (7) 32 (4) 11 (4) 40 (6) 46 (9) 57 (11) 94 (14) W36 1995 163 (18) 228 (27) 234 (26) 101 (16) 59 (11) 47 (9) 72 (10) 19 (6) 2 (1) 19 (3) 34 (7) 120 (17) W36 1996 216 (19) 224 (22) 224 (23) 128 (16) 86 (16) 70 (9) 46 (7) 61 (7) 44 (5) 71 (7) 103 (14) 167 (20) W36 1997 231 (23) 311 (29) 297 (31) 173 (25) 122 (19) 106 (11) 85 (9) 44 (5) 48 (5) 67 (7) 82 (10) 109 (12) W36 1998 162 (20) 243 (27) 317 (32) 193 (20) 143 (18) 73 (9) 66 (7) 72 (12) 31 (4) 29 (3) 93 (13) 111 (15) W36 1999 150 (23) 300 (31) 276 (27) 107 (18) 91 (14) 82 (7) 41 (6) 48 (5) 39 (6) 25 (3) 38 (4) 158 (15) W36 2000 164 (20) 126 (18) 89 (15) 62 (8) 70 (6) 32 (5) 8 (4) 11 (3) 27 (3) 19 (2) 17 (3) 0 W36 2001 104 (12) 107 (16) 95 (12) 70 (17) 45 (12) 22 (5) 19 (3) 23 (5) 14 (3) 8 (2) 3 (2) 0 W36 2002 123 (14) 184 (18) 85 (17) 80 (15) 28 (7) 42 (9) 18 (2) 9 (1) 9 (3) 22 (1) 15 (2) 0 W36 2003 194 (22) 174 (22) 133 (14) 44 (10) 30 (8) 37 (6) 31 (4) 14 (2) 8 (2) 9 (4) 14 (4) 0 W36 2004 152 (20) 130 (16) 105 (15) 72 (12) 25 (6) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


148

Depth sector Grid

Fishing Year November December January February March April May June July August September October

Deep waters U28 1988 0 0 0 0 0 9 (1) 0 7 (1) 0 0 0 0 ≥ 50 fathoms U28 1989 2 (1) 0 0 0 1 (1) 15 (2) 0 13 (2) 7 (2) 0 0 0 U28 1990 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 (1) 4 (2) 0 0 0 U28 1991 0 0 0 0 17 (3) 10 (3) 14 (2) 27 (5) 39 (6) 11 (5) 8 (2) 4 (2) U28 1992 1 (1) 0 2 (1) 6 (1) 6 (1) 25 (5) 26 (5) 15 (3) 11 (3) 18 (2) 10 (2) 15 (1) U28 1993 12 (1) 19 (2) 43 (4) 38 (4) 44 (4) 21 (4) 18 (2) 19 (3) 8 (3) 15 (3) 1 (1) 3 (1) U28 1994 0 2 (1) 5 (1) 16 (1) 14 (3) 3 (1) 11 (2) 20 (3) 9 (2) 0 0 0 U28 1995 10 (1) 13 (1) 6 (1) 0 18 (3) 22 (3) 32 (5) 19 (5) 2 (2) 0 7 (1) 0 U28 1996 0 0 39 (6) 43 (6) 33 (7) 38 (6) 53 (6) 36 (6) 33 (7) 30 (5) 57 (5) 6 (1) U28 1997 0 2 (2) 34 (4) 63 (6) 22 (5) 53 (10) 87 (7) 37 (7) 50 (7) 23 (8) 13 (3) 5 (2) U28 1998 1 (1) 2 (1) 23 (5) 36 (5) 82 (7) 50 (6) 57 (5) 38 (7) 17 (2) 21 (3) 16 (4) 12 (3) U28 1999 15 (1) 8 (1) 53 (5) 88 (9) 89 (9) 77 (10) 74 (10) 33 (4) 13 (3) 8 (3) 29 (4) 13 (3) U28 2000 3 (2) 34 (3) 39 (4) 17 (3) 34 (3) 19 (2) 2 (2) 17 (3) 17 (5) 52 (5) 5 (2) 9 (2) U28 2001 23 (4) 5 (2) 66 (6) 63 (10) 94 (10) 26 (4) 80 (11) 46 (8) 37 (7) 63 (6) 44 (6) 18 (5) U28 2002 48 (5) 65 (8) 77 (14) 71 (6) 111 (10) 88 (10) 28 (7) 45 (8) 39 (6) 12 (5) 10 (5) 42 (9) U28 2003 65 (10) 31 (7) 151 (14) 90 (18) 104 (14) 67 (10) 88 (8) 29 (9) 70 (11) 63 (9) 36 (7) 4 (3) U28 2004 18 (4) 40 (8) 83 (13) 132 (17) 67 (11) 52 (10) 0 0 0 0 0 0 U29 1988 0 0 0 0 2 (1) 4 (1) 3 (1) 0 0 9 (2) 0 1 (1) U29 1989 0 0 1 (1) 0 0 9 (1) 0 7 (2) 2 (1) 0 1 (1) 1 (1) U29 1990 0 0 4 (1) 0 0 0 3 (2) 8 (1) 5 (2) 4 (1) 0 0 U29 1991 0 0 1 (1) 0 12 (4) 4 (2) 14 (4) 24 (4) 23 (5) 28 (5) 20 (2) 1 (1) U29 1992 10 (3) 30 (3) 5 (2) 12 (2) 22 (3) 28 (4) 25 (4) 33 (6) 33 (4) 19 (4) 11 (2) 2 (1) U29 1993 5 (1) 0 3 (1) 4 (2) 13 (3) 6 (2) 4 (1) 0 6 (3) 1 (1) 1 (1) 0 U29 1994 14 (1) 9 (1) 0 18 (3) 14 (2) 15 (3) 8 (1) 12 (4) 2 (2) 1 (1) 0 0 U29 1995 5 (1) 7 (2) 0 10 (2) 2 (2) 14 (4) 3 (1) 2 (1) 4 (2) 9 (1) 16 (1) 1 (1) U29 1996 0 4 (1) 0 43 (7) 10 (2) 15 (4) 16 (6) 16 (6) 34 (8) 28 (6) 34 (4) 0 U29 1997 0 0 17 (1) 36 (5) 55 (4) 29 (5) 11 (6) 16 (5) 27 (5) 16 (5) 5 (3) 15 (2) U29 1998 0 19 (5) 49 (5) 38 (7) 19 (6) 11 (6) 22 (4) 29 (5) 13 (5) 17 (5) 10 (4) 28 (4) U29 1999 1 (1) 5 (2) 38 (3) 41 (5) 44 (5) 19 (4) 4 (3) 13 (1) 1 (1) 4 (2) 16 (3) 5 (2) U29 2000 4 (2) 29 (4) 18 (5) 19 (2) 18 (5) 1 (1) 12 (1) 3 (1) 20 (2) 11 (4) 2 (2) 17 (2) U29 2001 13 (3) 36 (5) 45 (8) 42 (7) 32 (5) 36 (5) 42 (7) 43 (10) 19 (6) 18 (6) 13 (4) 15 (2) U29 2002 47 (6) 59 (9) 68 (10) 79 (9) 74 (10) 60 (9) 112 (10) 110 (9) 92 (11) 50 (5) 48 (8) 33 (4) U29 2003 76 (12) 51 (11) 107 (14) 112 (12) 74 (12) 89 (11) 89 (10) 73 (12) 76 (10) 106 (13) 81 (11) 36 (7) U29 2004 57 (6) 60 (13) 189 (19) 104 (14) 120 (15) 86 (7) 0 0 0 0 0 0 V28 1988 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 (1) 1 (1) 0 0 0 0 V28 1989 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 (1) 0 0 2 (1) V28 1990 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 (2) 0 V28 1991 0 0 0 0 2 (1) 22 (2) 6 (2) 10 (2) 7 (2) 18 (5) 15 (2) 25 (4) V28 1992 3 (3) 0 10 (1) 17 (1) 7 (2) 25 (3) 26 (4) 35 (5) 17 (3) 7 (2) 11 (3) 6 (2) V28 1993 0 0 0 10 (2) 21 (3) 14 (3) 17 (5) 15 (4) 27 (6) 9 (4) 7 (2) 1 (1) V28 1994 0 0 0 0 1 (1) 9 (2) 29 (2) 4 (3) 9 (1) 3 (1) 0 0 V28 1995 5 (1) 0 0 0 37 (5) 45 (8) 62 (7) 74 (9) 45 (9) 12 (4) 2 (1) 16 (2) V28 1996 2 (1) 7 (1) 21 (3) 61 (9) 60 (11) 38 (5) 40 (7) 35 (8) 47 (11) 42 (7) 4 (3) 13 (2) V28 1997 0 0 9 (2) 9 (2) 2 (2) 38 (6) 50 (8) 8 (4) 11 (4) 28 (4) 14 (2) 7 (2) V28 1998 0 0 0 29 (5) 72 (8) 32 (5) 25 (3) 32 (6) 5 (2) 16 (4) 1 (1) 6 (3) V28 1999 0 0 12 (3) 57 (8) 41 (5) 16 (5) 40 (5) 4 (3) 6 (2) 12 (3) 5 (1) 0 V28 2000 0 2 (2) 47 (5) 70 (6) 72 (7) 20 (2) 9 (1) 11 (2) 67 (8) 103 (10) 74 (8) 50 (5) V28 2001 21 (3) 0 14 (4) 94 (9) 94 (10) 28 (8) 16 (8) 63 (11) 50 (9) 55 (8) 31 (6) 12 (5) V28 2002 2 (1) 16 (4) 88 (11) 52 (6) 75 (9) 60 (8) 163 (12) 97 (14) 65 (10) 72 (10) 34 (10) 61 (9) V28 2003 66 (10) 55 (9) 71 (7) 134 (13) 121 (14) 138 (14) 61 (10) 126 (12) 86 (13) 50 (9) 44 (9) 29 (6) V28 2004 40 (8) 23 (6) 90 (13) 96 (11) 63 (9) 48 (7) 0 0 0 0 0 0 V30 1988 0 0 3 (1) 5 (1) 2 (1) 6 (1) 1 (1) 8 (1) 47 (5) 36 (5) 16 (3) 16 (2) V30 1989 20 (2) 23 (3) 15 (3) 3 (1) 8 (2) 2 (1) 1 (1) 0 0 14 (4) 29 (2) 39 (3) V30 1990 24 (3) 15 (2) 8 (4) 39 (5) 21 (6) 29 (2) 27 (2) 26 (5) 31 (6) 36 (4) 19 (2) 19 (4) V30 1991 23 (3) 14 (3) 20 (4) 8 (2) 3 (1) 5 (3) 32 (8) 37 (7) 25 (6) 21 (2) 24 (4) 36 (4) V30 1992 7 (2) 32 (5) 33 (4) 8 (1) 16 (6) 5 (3) 3 (2) 11 (4) 24 (5) 11 (3) 6 (2) 2 (1) V30 1993 0 17 (2) 18 (2) 10 (3) 2 (2) 32 (3) 13 (6) 6 (3) 23 (3) 31 (4) 11 (1) 26 (3) V30 1994 14 (2) 14 (1) 6 (1) 8 (1) 8 (2) 14 (4) 15 (2) 14 (3) 10 (3) 16 (4) 21 (3) 29 (3) V30 1995 46 (7) 18 (4) 6 (1) 4 (3) 1 (1) 1 (1) 17 (3) 30 (5) 57 (6) 45 (9) 17 (3) 8 (2) V30 1996 11 (2) 25 (4) 45 (5) 15 (4) 6 (2) 13 (6) 37 (7) 52 (13) 38 (8) 47 (10) 33 (8) 5 (1) V30 1997 30 (3) 45 (5) 45 (7) 32 (6) 22 (6) 12 (5) 32 (6) 50 (9) 65 (10) 16 (5) 35 (6) 34 (6) V30 1998 29 (5) 51 (9) 28 (6) 33 (4) 2 (2) 10 (2) 12 (3) 13 (6) 17 (4) 18 (4) 15 (2) 15 (4) V30 1999 9 (4) 31 (8) 8 (1) 11 (4) 18 (2) 24 (5) 12 (3) 8 (1) 8 (1) 10 (2) 6 (1) 3 (1) V30 2000 7 (1) 20 (3) 12 (2) 0 1 (1) 3 (2) 2 (1) 13 (3) 33 (10) 15 (3) 5 (2) 0 V30 2001 8 (1) 16 (5) 39 (6) 9 (3) 24 (4) 21 (7) 14 (4) 23 (5) 3 (3) 6 (3) 2 (1) 2 (2) V30 2002 30 (8) 27 (10) 10 (5) 21 (2) 9 (4) 3 (1) 11 (6) 8 (5) 14 (3) 28 (7) 18 (5) 2 (1) V30 2003 14 (5) 7 (3) 17 (4) 4 (4) 24 (6) 9 (4) 13 (3) 22 (5) 9 (4) 9 (6) 24 (6) 4 (2) V30 2004 26 (7) 43 (13) 34 (9) 12 (3) 13 (2) 19 (5) 0 0 0 0 0 0 V31 1988 0 0 7 (2) 7 (2) 1 (1) 0 0 0 0 2 (2) 4 (1) 0 V31 1989 6 (1) 5 (1) 12 (1) 6 (1) 3 (2) 0 0 0 0 0 3 (1) 0 V31 1990 4 (2) 13 (3) 16 (3) 8 (1) 8 (2) 3 (1) 0 7 (2) 13 (3) 6 (3) 1 (1) 5 (1) V31 1991 12 (3) 18 (3) 18 (3) 0 9 (1) 8 (3) 13 (2) 20 (2) 30 (3) 15 (2) 22 (3) 20 (4) V31 1992 18 (4) 37 (5) 29 (3) 5 (1) 18 (2) 11 (1) 37 (4) 27 (4) 25 (3) 26 (4) 6 (1) 23 (4) V31 1993 14 (3) 33 (3) 23 (4) 0 20 (3) 17 (3) 23 (3) 22 (2) 22 (2) 13 (1) 0 5 (1) V31 1994 20 (2) 20 (2) 5 (2) 7 (1) 13 (1) 22 (2) 22 (1) 18 (1) 17 (2) 15 (1) 8 (1) 4 (1) V31 1995 21 (4) 18 (4) 0 1 (1) 21 (1) 18 (1) 19 (3) 20 (3) 17 (2) 6 (1) 3 (1) 6 (1) V31 1996 2 (1) 27 (3) 25 (3) 10 (2) 29 (3) 9 (2) 22 (4) 34 (7) 27 (4) 35 (3) 19 (3) 5 (1) V31 1997 1 (1) 20 (3) 8 (2) 7 (2) 12 (2) 5 (4) 36 (4) 24 (4) 9 (3) 3 (1) 6 (3) 12 (2) V31 1998 4 (1) 23 (4) 8 (4) 1 (1) 1 (1) 4 (1) 4 (2) 15 (2) 1 (1) 0 8 (2) 1 (1) V31 1999 12 (1) 21 (5) 8 (2) 5 (2) 8 (1) 6 (2) 15 (2) 20 (3) 8 (1) 3 (1) 6 (1) 5 (3) V31 2000 8 (3) 19 (2) 0 0 5 (1) 1 (1) 0 15 (4) 22 (4) 20 (4) 0 0 V31 2001 1 (1) 11 (2) 20 (3) 23 (4) 6 (2) 18 (4) 1 (1) 3 (2) 2 (2) 0 3 (1) 0 V31 2002 11 (5) 31 (6) 25 (4) 12 (3) 14 (1) 16 (2) 18 (3) 11 (3) 3 (1) 9 (4) 17 (3) 0 V31 2003 26 (2) 19 (3) 21 (4) 12 (3) 6 (1) 3 (2) 9 (2) 9 (5) 16 (4) 5 (2) 4 (2) 0 V31 2004 18 (4) 32 (6) 32 (6) 12 (3) 3 (2) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


149

Depth sector Grid

Fishing Year November December January February March April May June July August September October

Deep waters W26 1988 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 (2) 10 (3) 9 (2) 9 (1) 12 (2) 16 (1) ≥ 50 fathoms W26 1989 6 (1) 0 6 (1) 0 17 (2) 9 (1) 8 (2) 36 (4) 19 (3) 17 (2) 1 (1) 14 (1)

W26 1990 9 (1) 28 (3) 7 (2) 0 8 (1) 6 (1) 25 (3) 9 (2) 21 (4) 23 (3) 8 (2) 15 (2) W26 1991 3 (1) 0 0 0 1 (1) 7 (2) 12 (4) 32 (5) 35 (6) 32 (3) 1 (1) 0 W26 1992 3 (1) 10 (1) 0 7 (2) 2 (2) 0 14 (2) 2 (1) 6 (3) 21 (1) 12 (1) 3 (1) W26 1993 0 0 0 12 (2) 20 (1) 9 (1) 2 (1) 23 (5) 11 (3) 11 (4) 10 (2) 4 (1) W26 1994 0 0 0 0 5 (1) 0 15 (2) 34 (3) 26 (3) 13 (2) 22 (2) 11 (1) W26 1995 5 (1) 0 0 4 (2) 2 (1) 1 (1) 0 19 (2) 13 (4) 1 (1) 37 (3) 9 (1) W26 1996 0 0 0 0 2 (1) 18 (2) 12 (4) 14 (2) 17 (3) 28 (4) 20 (5) 4 (2) W26 1997 0 0 0 0 2 (1) 2 (1) 2 (1) 1 (1) 2 (1) 0 4 (2) 3 (2) W26 1998 0 10 (2) 23 (2) 4 (1) 9 (3) 4 (1) 15 (2) 19 (3) 19 (4) 6 (1) 3 (1) 17 (2) W26 1999 1 (1) 0 4 (1) 5 (2) 18 (2) 4 (1) 0 7 (2) 2 (2) 11 (1) 10 (2) 0 W26 2000 4 (2) 11 (2) 6 (2) 8 (2) 11 (2) 2 (1) 1 (1) 2 (2) 3 (1) 0 1 (1) 0 W26 2001 1 (1) 1 (1) 0 0 0 8 (5) 6 (4) 0 6 (3) 12 (4) 4 (2) 5 (1) W26 2002 0 0 0 0 0 21 (2) 2 (2) 0 4 (3) 9 (3) 18 (6) 8 (2) W26 2003 8 (1) 22 (6) 0 0 2 (1) 0 12 (2) 1 (1) 7 (3) 4 (2) 13 (4) 0 W26 2004 0 0 0 0 0 3 (2) 0 0 0 0 0 0 W27 1988 0 0 12 (1) 0 0 0 0 14 (3) 42 (5) 32 (3) 21 (4) 20 (3) W27 1989 11 (2) 0 0 0 9 (2) 16 (2) 12 (2) 23 (3) 39 (4) 2 (1) 17 (2) 4 (1) W27 1990 7 (1) 3 (1) 16 (3) 0 15 (2) 12 (1) 20 (3) 29 (5) 92 (7) 45 (6) 35 (3) 17 (3) W27 1991 17 (1) 7 (1) 11 (2) 14 (2) 11 (4) 52 (4) 31 (5) 72 (9) 42 (10) 24 (6) 16 (2) 29 (4) W27 1992 42 (5) 1 (1) 19 (4) 40 (5) 18 (4) 14 (3) 43 (6) 31 (5) 52 (7) 33 (3) 55 (6) 23 (3) W27 1993 13 (2) 12 (1) 13 (1) 10 (1) 4 (2) 43 (4) 114 (9) 88 (9) 66 (8) 43 (6) 34 (5) 33 (3) W27 1994 0 0 5 (1) 30 (2) 3 (1) 20 (2) 35 (4) 68 (6) 68 (6) 36 (4) 12 (3) 15 (3) W27 1995 1 (1) 0 6 (1) 12 (1) 30 (3) 34 (4) 42 (4) 20 (6) 62 (9) 16 (4) 24 (4) 5 (1) W27 1996 0 0 25 (1) 27 (2) 15 (1) 51 (5) 53 (7) 63 (9) 74 (8) 127 (14) 69 (7) 25 (4) W27 1997 15 (2) 10 (2) 1 (1) 0 29 (3) 22 (5) 48 (5) 76 (8) 80 (6) 29 (4) 98 (8) 70 (6) W27 1998 12 (1) 1 (1) 10 (3) 143 (11) 69 (7) 62 (6) 110 (8) 147 (11) 123 (8) 78 (8) 77 (7) 74 (8) W27 1999 2 (2) 0 1 (1) 1 (1) 31 (4) 37 (6) 44 (4) 54 (7) 67 (8) 75 (8) 20 (5) 50 (4) W27 2000 28 (2) 2 (1) 5 (3) 44 (5) 41 (6) 96 (7) 106 (7) 69 (7) 80 (13) 13 (5) 36 (6) 9 (3) W27 2001 10 (2) 2 (1) 0 0 43 (6) 95 (11) 134 (12) 93 (9) 62 (9) 45 (6) 52 (5) 51 (5) W27 2002 20 (1) 27 (4) 34 (8) 66 (6) 61 (5) 64 (7) 37 (4) 52 (7) 61 (11) 105 (9) 143 (12) 73 (6) W27 2003 66 (6) 57 (8) 3 (2) 24 (6) 53 (9) 49 (10) 17 (4) 78 (10) 81 (12) 73 (10) 93 (10) 122 (10) W27 2004 64 (5) 13 (4) 0 44 (8) 50 (6) 105 (9) 0 0 0 0 0 0 W28 1988 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 (2) 3 (1) 0 0 W28 1989 0 0 0 0 4 (1) 15 (2) 0 1 (1) 9 (2) 2 (1) 17 (2) 18 (3) W28 1990 14 (1) 2 (1) 2 (1) 0 4 (2) 0 1 (1) 0 9 (3) 33 (4) 18 (3) 1 (1) W28 1991 0 0 5 (1) 11 (1) 3 (1) 1 (1) 8 (2) 16 (6) 20 (6) 38 (6) 16 (2) 28 (3) W28 1992 36 (4) 1 (1) 23 (3) 10 (1) 2 (2) 1 (1) 15 (4) 14 (3) 7 (2) 23 (2) 14 (3) 37 (3) W28 1993 28 (2) 19 (2) 0 9 (1) 0 21 (2) 42 (5) 48 (7) 40 (6) 55 (7) 13 (4) 34 (3) W28 1994 0 0 0 7 (1) 0 11 (1) 12 (2) 13 (4) 10 (4) 18 (4) 17 (4) 32 (4) W28 1995 8 (1) 0 0 7 (2) 2 (2) 32 (6) 29 (2) 31 (5) 79 (10) 57 (7) 38 (5) 2 (1) W28 1996 0 0 0 5 (2) 1 (1) 10 (3) 13 (3) 21 (5) 40 (6) 42 (7) 9 (4) 10 (3) W28 1997 0 1 (1) 0 0 0 13 (3) 11 (5) 3 (1) 24 (4) 50 (5) 20 (4) 9 (3) W28 1998 2 (1) 0 1 (1) 21 (7) 39 (5) 1 (1) 32 (7) 51 (8) 15 (4) 34 (3) 7 (2) 6 (2) W28 1999 15 (1) 0 0 2 (1) 17 (3) 16 (4) 5 (2) 13 (3) 12 (4) 1 (1) 7 (1) 5 (2) W28 2000 0 0 0 9 (2) 5 (2) 4 (2) 18 (3) 38 (3) 27 (5) 13 (6) 28 (6) 30 (4) W28 2001 23 (3) 1 (1) 0 0 21 (3) 22 (3) 7 (4) 5 (2) 51 (6) 31 (5) 25 (4) 22 (3) W28 2002 6 (1) 8 (2) 59 (8) 24 (4) 6 (4) 9 (3) 9 (3) 4 (3) 28 (8) 23 (7) 15 (6) 29 (4) W28 2003 16 (5) 1 (1) 12 (2) 12 (6) 25 (3) 20 (5) 8 (1) 17 (4) 31 (7) 69 (8) 73 (7) 65 (8) W28 2004 64 (7) 30 (5) 13 (5) 28 (6) 6 (2) 12 (4) 0 0 0 0 0 0 X35 1988 0 0 0 35 (4) 29 (3) 29 (5) 55 (8) 25 (5) 32 (4) 15 (6) 17 (3) 11 (3) X35 1989 15 (3) 4 (2) 1 (1) 6 (2) 1 (1) 20 (3) 29 (3) 29 (3) 19 (2) 23 (2) 2 (1) 8 (2) X35 1990 12 (2) 8 (1) 4 (1) 28 (3) 17 (4) 13 (4) 32 (6) 12 (3) 21 (4) 0 0 0 X35 1991 3 (2) 1 (1) 4 (1) 8 (2) 39 (4) 32 (5) 40 (5) 54 (9) 52 (11) 12 (2) 20 (6) 20 (3) X35 1992 21 (3) 17 (3) 11 (3) 15 (4) 17 (5) 22 (4) 33 (5) 11 (2) 31 (4) 20 (2) 32 (3) 12 (3) X35 1993 20 (4) 23 (2) 39 (4) 43 (6) 22 (5) 37 (6) 12 (4) 24 (4) 8 (3) 2 (2) 14 (3) 25 (4) X35 1994 31 (4) 16 (4) 38 (4) 28 (5) 21 (3) 44 (5) 45 (6) 38 (5) 27 (5) 19 (5) 22 (5) 13 (4) X35 1995 55 (8) 17 (2) 32 (5) 29 (6) 58 (8) 46 (5) 57 (8) 23 (4) 35 (4) 11 (5) 35 (5) 20 (4) X35 1996 13 (5) 24 (6) 36 (7) 13 (4) 32 (8) 56 (6) 9 (4) 5 (2) 16 (4) 18 (3) 33 (5) 24 (5) X35 1997 39 (5) 15 (3) 32 (3) 62 (8) 28 (5) 24 (3) 30 (5) 28 (5) 15 (4) 14 (3) 26 (3) 39 (4) X35 1998 17 (2) 19 (1) 13 (3) 20 (3) 37 (6) 84 (12) 57 (7) 53 (8) 21 (4) 41 (9) 33 (5) 21 (4) X35 1999 9 (2) 37 (6) 27 (7) 32 (6) 95 (10) 65 (11) 47 (7) 56 (9) 13 (3) 31 (5) 37 (7) 59 (5) X35 2000 49 (9) 65 (9) 74 (9) 22 (6) 77 (6) 20 (6) 53 (6) 21 (5) 10 (4) 23 (6) 36 (7) 20 (1) X35 2001 43 (5) 41 (6) 67 (10) 49 (9) 59 (10) 38 (9) 75 (9) 58 (6) 24 (6) 40 (8) 65 (12) 7 (3) X35 2002 23 (6) 19 (5) 22 (4) 49 (10) 78 (12) 116 (13) 131 (13) 55 (8) 75 (12) 45 (10) 18 (5) 12 (1) X35 2003 15 (5) 14 (3) 27 (7) 53 (10) 71 (9) 89 (13) 83 (16) 81 (12) 70 (10) 82 (12) 26 (8) 11 (2) X35 2004 49 (11) 41 (8) 57 (10) 81 (11) 42 (11) 28 (7) 0 0 0 0 0 0 X36 1988 0 0 9 (1) 18 (5) 16 (4) 32 (5) 53 (8) 42 (8) 27 (6) 23 (5) 17 (5) 18 (4) X36 1989 11 (4) 12 (3) 22 (6) 16 (4) 39 (4) 22 (4) 24 (6) 9 (3) 23 (6) 37 (6) 9 (3) 19 (2) X36 1990 13 (1) 31 (2) 32 (4) 19 (4) 6 (5) 18 (4) 27 (6) 27 (4) 39 (7) 30 (5) 32 (5) 42 (5) X36 1991 23 (4) 31 (4) 59 (7) 37 (5) 36 (7) 23 (5) 85 (9) 87 (12) 65 (11) 65 (11) 90 (8) 53 (5) X36 1992 25 (4) 39 (5) 45 (5) 33 (5) 64 (10) 110 (10) 64 (11) 40 (5) 40 (5) 28 (7) 45 (5) 59 (7) X36 1993 61 (7) 41 (5) 76 (9) 102 (9) 101 (14) 56 (14) 91 (12) 57 (9) 89 (10) 78 (7) 82 (8) 42 (8) X36 1994 66 (8) 46 (7) 56 (7) 78 (12) 62 (8) 114 (14) 125 (14) 77 (13) 111 (14) 126 (16) 91 (10) 129 (15) X36 1995 93 (12) 25 (5) 24 (4) 67 (11) 111 (15) 107 (17) 140 (18) 90 (13) 138 (13) 203 (20) 159 (14) 112 (16) X36 1996 76 (7) 46 (11) 90 (10) 91 (11) 86 (14) 154 (18) 117 (17) 93 (14) 69 (11) 104 (17) 142 (23) 179 (20) X36 1997 96 (15) 121 (14) 106 (14) 120 (20) 127 (16) 147 (21) 150 (19) 143 (16) 157 (16) 167 (18) 133 (19) 140 (15) X36 1998 78 (11) 89 (10) 115 (11) 114 (15) 157 (16) 228 (22) 186 (23) 161 (21) 130 (20) 182 (19) 183 (23) 148 (22) X36 1999 78 (11) 94 (9) 89 (13) 72 (16) 170 (20) 136 (18) 108 (16) 88 (18) 114 (16) 150 (18) 129 (17) 108 (13) X36 2000 70 (11) 88 (11) 100 (12) 119 (12) 101 (12) 176 (16) 183 (18) 75 (14) 77 (7) 151 (14) 100 (14) 31 (2) X36 2001 94 (13) 109 (13) 118 (10) 106 (17) 165 (20) 169 (21) 239 (22) 124 (15) 159 (17) 241 (19) 133 (20) 81 (6) X36 2002 173 (15) 92 (11) 64 (9) 131 (16) 133 (17) 163 (22) 188 (20) 105 (17) 149 (18) 93 (15) 48 (8) 23 (2) X36 2003 97 (8) 65 (8) 72 (9) 75 (16) 104 (13) 132 (18) 201 (24) 144 (19) 104 (18) 201 (18) 107 (18) 26 (3) X36 2004 132 (18) 136 (17) 83 (12) 80 (16) 106 (15) 35 (9) 0 0 0 0 0 0


150

14.6.5 Eastern king prawns — New South Wales

Table 14.57 Example genstat code used to analyse eastern king prawn catches from New South Wales waters.

‘Linear Mixed Model.REML’ VCOMPONENTS [FIXED=logdaysmax+fishyear*month*area; FACTORIAL=9] \ RANDOM=vessel+fishyear.vessel;\ INITIAL=1,1,1; CONSTRAINTS=positive,positive,positive REML [PRINT=model,deviance,components,effects,waldTests; PSE=estimates; MVINCLUDE=*; METHOD=AI] logwt

Figure 14.16 Standardised residuals from the New South Wales eastern king prawn analysis.


151

-2 0 2 4 6 8 100

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000


Freq

uenc

y

Data

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1-1.8

-1.78

-1.76

-1.74

-1.72

-1.7

-1.68


λ

Log

likel

ihoo

d

Figure 14.17 Histogram of the natural logarithm transformation of the observed eastern king prawn catches from New South Wales and the plot of the Box-Cox likelihood.


152


Table 14.58 Example genstat code used to analyse saucer scallop catches.

‘General Linear Model’ MODEL [DISTRIBUTION=normal; LINK=identity; DISPERSION=*] logwt FIT [PRINT=model,summary,estimates,accumulated,correlations; selection=%variance,%ss,\ adjustedr2,r2,seobservations,dispersion,%meandeviance,%deviance,aic,sic;\ CONSTANT=estimate; FPROB=yes; TPROB=yes;\ FACT=2] fishyear*grid*month+logprawns+\ loghp+logspeed+nozzle+sonar+gps2+compmap+nettype+lognet+logmesh+ggear4+logchain+boards+brdted+tryyesno

‘Linear Mixed Model’ VCOMPONENTS [FIXED= fishyear*month*grid+logprawns+\ loghp+logspeed+gps2+nettype+lognet+logmesh+ggear4+logchain+boards+\ brdted; FACTORIAL=2] RANDOM=record_number; INITIAL=1; CONSTRAINTS=positive REML [PRINT=model,components,effects,vcovariance,deviance,waldTests,\ covariancemodel; PSE=estimates; MVINCLUDE=*; method=ai] logwt

Table 14.59 Linear correlations between some of the different saucer scallop vessel characteristics.

Vessel length

Engine HP

Trawl speed

Gear box ratio


Propeller size

Propeller pitch


Computer mapping

Try gear net


Mesh size

Chain size

Vessel length 1.00

Engine HP 0.80 1.00

Trawl speed 0.15 0.20 1.00

Gear box ratio 0.84 0.74 0.18 1.00

Fuel capacity 0.87 0.84 0.16 0.81 1.00

Fuel use 0.79 0.89 0.17 0.75 0.84 1.00

Propeller size 0.87 0.78 0.13 0.85 0.84 0.72 1.00

Propeller pitch 0.81 0.76 0.06 0.84 0.81 0.74 0.82 1.00


Sonar 0.38 0.32 –0.03 0.37 0.39 0.37 0.36 0.42 0.35 1.00

GPS 0.18 0.22 0.11 0.17 0.22 0.21 0.18 0.21 0.21 0.11 1.00


Try gear net 0.49 0.51 0.15 0.45 0.55 0.49 0.44 0.38 0.37 0.21 0.28 0.40 1.00

BRD and TED 0.04 0.08 0.16 0.05 0.04 0.07 0.01 0.04 0.12 0.01 0.15 0.44 0.20 1.00

Net size 0.55 0.57 0.09 0.55 0.52 0.54 0.56 0.50 0.21 0.23 0.06 0.01 0.20 –0.01 1.00

Mesh size 0.05 0.06 0.00 0.02 0.07 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.10 0.03 0.08 0.05 0.01 –0.01 0.09 1.00

Chain size 0.38 0.39 0.05 0.38 0.40 0.33 0.36 0.36 0.20 0.16 0.12 0.14 0.26 –0.06 0.23 –0.02 1.00


153

Table 14.60 The saucer scallop general linear model (GLM) β2 parameter correlations between the different vessel characteristics.

Engine HP

Trawl speed



Net — quad

Net — five Net size Mesh


Chain — looped

Chain — rope

Chain —others

Chain size

Board —bison

Board —lourve/kilfoil

Board - others

BRD and TED

Net — try gear

Engine HP 1.00


Propeller nozzle –0.09 0.06 1.00

Sonar –0.10 0.09 –0.12 1.00

GPS –0.01 –0.05 –0.06 –0.08 1.00

Computer mapping –0.01 –0.04 –0.08 –0.07 0.02 1.00

Net — triple 0.04 0.07 –0.01 0.05 0.00 0.05 1.00

Net — quad –0.03 0.03 –0.02 0.02 –0.01 0.02 0.97 1.00

Net — five 0.04 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.00 0.03 0.74 0.73 1.00

Net size –0.55 –0.07 –0.05 –0.04 –0.05 0.02 –0.11 –0.02 –0.13 1.00

Mesh size 0.02 0.01 –0.07 –0.03 –0.02 0.06 0.07 0.06 0.03 -–0.05 1.00

Chain — sliding rings 0.08 0.07 –0.02 –0.06 0.02 0.11 0.01 0.02 0.02 –0.12 0.21 1.00

Chain — looped –0.02 0.09 –0.26 –0.09 –0.04 0.06 0.03 0.06 0.05 –0.01 0.06 0.26 1.00

Chain — rope –0.01 0.06 –0.01 –0.07 –0.04 –0.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 –0.05 0.06 0.10 0.08 1.00

Chain — others 0.06 0.00 –0.14 –0.13 0.10 0.07 –0.01 0.01 0.02 –0.06 0.07 0.16 0.22 0.05 1.00

Chain size –0.18 –0.08 0.03 0.00 0.05 –0.05 –0.01 –0.03 0.01 –0.03 0.03 –0.03 –0.29 0.06 –0.12 1.00

Board — bison –0.04 –0.04 –0.12 –0.09 0.00 0.01 0.28 0.26 0.21 0.04 0.09 –0.03 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.01 1.00

Board — lourve/kilfoil 0.04 –0.20 –0.09 –0.05 0.03 0.03 0.03 –0.04 0.06 –0.04 –0.10 –0.12 0.01 –0.10 0.02 0.07 0.16 1.00

Board — others 0.18 –0.02 0.11 0.03 0.12 –0.05 0.01 –0.01 –0.03 –0.06 0.10 0.07 0.00 0.01 –0.31 –0.13 –0.01 0.00 1.00

BRD and TED 0.10 –0.04 0.05 –0.04 –0.01 –0.07 –0.04 –0.04 –0.07 –0.06 0.02 0.08 0.01 0.02 0.07 –0.01 –0.10 0.00 0.00 1.00

Net — try gear –0.27 0.06 –0.18 0.02 –0.04 –0.16 –0.03 –0.05 –0.07 –0.02 0.04 0.07 –0.03 0.09 0.01 0.00 0.02 –0.04 –0.06 –0.04 1.00


154

Figure 14.18 Standardised residuals from the saucer scallop analyses.

-4 -2 0 2 4 60

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000


Freq

uenc

y

Data

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1-3.7

-3.65

-3.6

-3.55

-3.5

-3.45

-3.4

-3.35


λ

Log

likel

ihoo

d

Figure 14.19 Histogram of the natural logarithm transformation of the observed saucer scallop catches and the plot of the Box-Cox likelihood.


155

Table 14.61 Yearly summary of the number of boats and daily catches of saucer scallops analysed.



156

Table 14.62 Summary of the number of daily catches of saucer scallops analysed by fishing year, month and grid. The number of boats associated with the number of daily catches is shown in parenthesis.

Grid Fishing Year November December January February March April May June July August September October

S28 1988 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 (1) 18 (4) S28 1989 21 (5) 1 (1) 13 (3) 3 (2) 0 0 0 0 0 2 (2) 26 (3) 48 (6) S28 1990 51 (8) 17 (5) 22 (4) 30 (7) 6 (3) 23 (2) 14 (2) 15 (1) 29 (3) 50 (7) 67 (8) 25 (6) S28 1991 24 (7) 18 (3) 43 (7) 0 22 (4) 5 (2) 13 (5) 21 (7) 8 (3) 18 (6) 57 (11) 92 (11) S28 1992 41 (11) 27 (9) 43 (7) 29 (6) 0 0 0 0 0 1 (1) 0 51 (9) S28 1993 69 (12) 52 (8) 66 (8) 38 (6) 51 (8) 17 (4) 8 (2) 15 (2) 34 (4) 30 (4) 57 (10) 147 (24) S28 1994 121 (20) 35 (8) 62 (13) 21 (4) 1 (1) 24 (2) 12 (1) 8 (1) 3 (2) 42 (7) 144 (14) 85 (13) S28 1995 131 (26) 78 (14) 98 (13) 52 (9) 52 (7) 46 (5) 1 (1) 3 (1) 16 (4) 25 (4) 104 (14) 111 (23) S28 1996 341 (43) 133 (15) 120 (8) 67 (11) 20 (3) 13 (2) 0 3 (1) 0 1 (1) 67 (10) 121 (25) S28 1997 259 (29) 129 (16) 22 (8) 48 (8) 23 (5) 31 (5) 14 (3) 20 (2) 0 33 (11) 36 (8) 89 (16) S28 1998 211 (33) 134 (24) 98 (16) 143 (29) 12 (3) 5 (3) 4 (2) 10 (3) 2 (1) 1 (1) 9 (4) 25 (5) S28 1999 120 (16) 36 (7) 37 (7) 58 (10) 39 (7) 2 (1) 0 0 0 9 (3) 13 (6) 106 (19) S28 2000 210 (30) 100 (20) 36 (7) 33 (6) 30 (7) 6 (2) 0 1 (1) 0 1 (1) 9 (4) 0 S28 2001 178 (22) 39 (11) 204 (25) 73 (21) 78 (10) 65 (9) 27 (2) 3 (1) 52 (7) 50 (4) 58 (11) 0 S28 2002 349 (46) 51 (13) 354 (43) 133 (27) 14 (4) 14 (3) 0 3 (1) 3 (1) 1 (1) 3 (3) 0 S28 2003 21 (10) 7 (2) 45 (8) 41 (6) 14 (2) 0 1 (1) 1 (1) 3 (2) 3 (1) 1 (1) 0 S28 2004 82 (11) 28 (5) 169 (30) 9 (6) 1 (1) 1 (1) 0 0 0 0 0 0 S29 1988 0 0 34 (5) 18 (2) 2 (1) 0 0 13 (2) 27 (2) 19 (2) 39 (8) 67 (9) S29 1989 39 (9) 19 (3) 31 (6) 15 (6) 3 (1) 0 2 (2) 0 0 1 (1) 20 (6) 57 (9) S29 1990 70 (14) 68 (13) 92 (13) 64 (10) 27 (6) 41 (5) 56 (8) 59 (5) 27 (6) 92 (12) 95 (11) 167 (20) S29 1991 110 (16) 78 (9) 57 (15) 39 (11) 46 (9) 73 (11) 29 (7) 14 (6) 21 (6) 49 (10) 88 (15) 53 (10) S29 1992 49 (10) 42 (13) 51 (12) 16 (5) 6 (2) 0 20 (4) 33 (4) 6 (2) 19 (5) 15 (3) 49 (10) S29 1993 20 (9) 57 (10) 36 (7) 49 (11) 19 (6) 35 (6) 24 (5) 32 (8) 38 (9) 33 (6) 38 (5) 69 (13) S29 1994 119 (20) 97 (20) 50 (11) 25 (5) 12 (6) 21 (4) 9 (2) 9 (3) 13 (5) 25 (6) 94 (14) 86 (11) S29 1995 115 (18) 142 (22) 164 (28) 149 (25) 161 (18) 117 (18) 33 (6) 41 (8) 101 (14) 61 (10) 170 (22) 119 (23) S29 1996 229 (47) 95 (22) 87 (20) 43 (10) 15 (8) 26 (3) 1 (1) 13 (2) 25 (3) 59 (11) 74 (18) 180 (29) S29 1997 251 (36) 116 (19) 83 (20) 77 (13) 34 (10) 35 (7) 34 (6) 14 (6) 16 (4) 61 (10) 56 (13) 126 (15) S29 1998 167 (29) 97 (20) 89 (19) 148 (23) 62 (11) 65 (9) 9 (3) 4 (2) 51 (7) 28 (8) 12 (4) 27 (6) S29 1999 132 (19) 179 (23) 182 (24) 121 (26) 65 (12) 14 (4) 9 (4) 10 (3) 19 (3) 62 (11) 91 (13) 90 (18) S29 2000 167 (34) 111 (19) 103 (16) 36 (10) 57 (13) 37 (9) 6 (2) 2 (1) 4 (1) 14 (6) 19 (5) 0 S29 2001 36 (11) 65 (19) 40 (10) 17 (8) 61 (12) 10 (3) 1 (1) 10 (3) 29 (7) 30 (7) 33 (7) 0 S29 2002 116 (26) 32 (12) 44 (12) 28 (6) 2 (2) 5 (2) 6 (1) 2 (2) 3 (2) 3 (2) 0 0 S29 2003 11 (6) 0 12 (4) 12 (6) 23 (2) 0 1 (1) 2 (2) 1 (1) 5 (3) 14 (3) 0 S29 2004 21 (8) 7 (2) 30 (9) 12 (5) 6 (2) 14 (4) 0 0 0 0 0 0 S30 1988 0 0 0 1 (1) 4 (2) 0 0 0 0 0 5 (1) 0 S30 1989 0 1 (1) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 (2) S30 1990 7 (1) 3 (1) 9 (4) 8 (3) 0 3 (2) 2 (2) 0 6 (1) 4 (3) 10 (3) 18 (4) S30 1991 6 (4) 18 (4) 15 (4) 32 (4) 4 (1) 4 (2) 2 (1) 0 0 7 (3) 4 (3) 5 (2) S30 1992 12 (5) 5 (4) 21 (5) 7 (2) 0 0 0 1 (1) 0 3 (2) 6 (4) 3 (1) S30 1993 12 (4) 34 (9) 83 (12) 34 (10) 16 (5) 7 (4) 2 (2) 1 (1) 5 (2) 1 (1) 7 (2) 10 (5) S30 1994 40 (10) 19 (5) 7 (2) 9 (3) 6 (2) 0 19 (2) 4 (1) 9 (4) 4 (2) 11 (2) 10 (5) S30 1995 28 (8) 35 (6) 35 (9) 17 (7) 10 (3) 17 (6) 9 (1) 5 (2) 13 (6) 10 (1) 11 (3) 45 (7) S30 1996 40 (15) 20 (4) 2 (2) 1 (1) 2 (1) 0 1 (1) 0 0 4 (1) 7 (2) 17 (10) S30 1997 26 (7) 23 (6) 17 (8) 6 (3) 2 (2) 19 (6) 4 (2) 10 (3) 16 (3) 20 (5) 9 (2) 17 (3) S30 1998 25 (6) 40 (12) 21 (6) 44 (7) 27 (4) 8 (2) 2 (2) 5 (4) 2 (1) 0 1 (1) 8 (1) S30 1999 28 (4) 2 (2) 7 (3) 21 (6) 10 (4) 0 0 5 (2) 5 (2) 15 (6) 40 (8) 24 (8) S30 2000 41 (6) 18 (5) 17 (6) 6 (4) 25 (4) 2 (1) 0 1 (1) 9 (2) 8 (4) 19 (5) 3 (1) S30 2001 31 (9) 32 (8) 27 (7) 3 (2) 3 (2) 13 (3) 1 (1) 5 (2) 1 (1) 5 (3) 3 (2) 0 S30 2002 30 (8) 11 (7) 6 (4) 6 (4) 9 (1) 0 1 (1) 0 0 0 0 0 S30 2003 2 (2) 7 (1) 13 (5) 2 (2) 1 (1) 0 0 0 0 1 (1) 3 (2) 0 S30 2004 6 (4) 5 (2) 7 (3) 2 (1) 0 4 (2) 0 0 0 0 0 0 T28 1988 0 0 18 (3) 10 (2) 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 (2) 26 (4) T28 1989 24 (3) 4 (1) 2 (2) 3 (1) 0 0 2 (1) 4 (1) 4 (1) 0 3 (1) 6 (2) T28 1990 2 (1) 1 (1) 2 (2) 0 0 8 (1) 0 0 5 (1) 3 (1) 13 (1) 26 (6) T28 1991 11 (5) 10 (2) 23 (5) 0 0 0 1 (1) 1 (1) 0 0 8 (3) 13 (5) T28 1992 30 (5) 31 (7) 13 (4) 1 (1) 0 0 0 2 (1) 0 0 3 (2) 14 (3) T28 1993 29 (6) 2 (2) 12 (2) 6 (3) 10 (2) 15 (4) 17 (2) 11 (2) 17 (2) 17 (1) 10 (4) 48 (9) T28 1994 99 (20) 14 (6) 16 (4) 31 (6) 19 (4) 17 (2) 1 (1) 0 1 (1) 1 (1) 5 (3) 1 (1) T28 1995 28 (8) 10 (4) 24 (4) 11 (3) 9 (3) 16 (3) 0 0 0 4 (1) 21 (8) 35 (10) T28 1996 121 (20) 24 (7) 10 (4) 2 (1) 0 1 (1) 0 2 (1) 0 0 18 (4) 24 (4) T28 1997 65 (15) 106 (13) 60 (6) 52 (9) 15 (4) 27 (3) 8 (2) 7 (2) 53 (9) 133 (16) 87 (11) 55 (12) T28 1998 100 (15) 67 (13) 29 (4) 32 (3) 0 3 (1) 1 (1) 7 (2) 0 8 (2) 2 (1) 30 (5) T28 1999 43 (11) 3 (2) 6 (2) 10 (3) 0 0 0 0 11 (2) 8 (2) 2 (1) 9 (2) T28 2000 48 (11) 13 (8) 1 (1) 2 (2) 0 2 (2) 0 0 0 5 (1) 4 (1) 0 T28 2001 29 (8) 24 (5) 62 (11) 0 8 (3) 14 (4) 1 (1) 0 1 (1) 22 (3) 8 (2) 0 T28 2002 100 (14) 41 (11) 130 (24) 47 (8) 4 (2) 4 (2) 0 0 0 4 (1) 5 (1) 0 T28 2003 25 (7) 16 (3) 13 (3) 0 0 0 9 (1) 12 (1) 6 (3) 2 (1) 2 (1) 12 (1) T28 2004 6 (2) 8 (2) 23 (7) 2 (1) 1 (1) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 T29 1988 0 0 7 (1) 3 (1) 18 (3) 9 (2) 10 (1) 6 (1) 15 (2) 21 (3) 17 (5) 19 (3) T29 1989 6 (3) 15 (5) 20 (5) 8 (2) 3 (2) 2 (1) 14 (4) 14 (2) 16 (2) 5 (1) 11 (3) 93 (12) T29 1990 73 (11) 56 (12) 38 (8) 37 (6) 6 (2) 5 (1) 27 (8) 4 (2) 57 (9) 48 (10) 45 (8) 59 (12) T29 1991 59 (14) 55 (11) 60 (11) 8 (2) 3 (2) 3 (1) 9 (2) 19 (3) 24 (3) 34 (3) 30 (6) 23 (5) T29 1992 38 (12) 47 (9) 17 (4) 19 (3) 1 (1) 4 (1) 19 (4) 17 (3) 16 (5) 33 (6) 38 (9) 29 (6) T29 1993 61 (11) 20 (4) 17 (4) 9 (1) 10 (6) 16 (5) 19 (5) 39 (7) 56 (9) 36 (8) 70 (9) 48 (13) T29 1994 58 (12) 17 (5) 23 (9) 22 (5) 22 (4) 9 (2) 5 (3) 9 (1) 15 (4) 24 (5) 13 (3) 31 (6) T29 1995 41 (7) 34 (7) 24 (5) 20 (5) 65 (11) 67 (12) 7 (3) 13 (5) 27 (5) 41 (9) 59 (11) 121 (22) T29 1996 162 (34) 57 (13) 56 (11) 15 (5) 22 (4) 4 (3) 0 2 (2) 6 (4) 60 (11) 71 (12) 79 (15) T29 1997 100 (26) 118 (19) 48 (14) 60 (15) 74 (10) 64 (10) 26 (6) 29 (6) 30 (6) 73 (15) 51 (12) 72 (15) T29 1998 120 (22) 99 (17) 67 (14) 65 (12) 64 (8) 82 (12) 42 (7) 59 (9) 69 (11) 47 (7) 11 (4) 28 (6) T29 1999 104 (15) 53 (11) 77 (12) 64 (11) 22 (6) 13 (5) 29 (9) 31 (6) 33 (7) 67 (9) 59 (10) 93 (16) T29 2000 165 (29) 110 (16) 67 (13) 46 (13) 64 (12) 51 (9) 15 (3) 7 (3) 11 (2) 25 (4) 21 (5) 0 T29 2001 24 (8) 15 (10) 51 (14) 26 (8) 27 (7) 2 (2) 16 (4) 6 (2) 27 (6) 34 (6) 8 (4) 0 T29 2002 92 (18) 47 (10) 13 (5) 20 (9) 2 (2) 2 (2) 1 (1) 7 (3) 15 (1) 22 (4) 28 (5) 0 T29 2003 48 (9) 28 (3) 67 (13) 32 (6) 25 (5) 0 5 (1) 31 (4) 41 (6) 40 (4) 18 (3) 10 (1) T29 2004 29 (4) 30 (6) 40 (9) 44 (6) 13 (2) 6 (3) 0 0 0 0 0 0


157


T30 1988 0 0 5 (2) 9 (4) 4 (1) 2 (1) 8 (2) 5 (1) 5 (1) 16 (2) 36 (6) 57 (8) T30 1989 27 (8) 15 (4) 16 (4) 5 (3) 6 (2) 0 0 9 (1) 27 (4) 33 (6) 54 (6) 113 (14) T30 1990 90 (16) 70 (11) 68 (12) 26 (8) 4 (2) 87 (10) 18 (6) 58 (9) 102 (13) 103 (14) 97 (11) 151 (24) T30 1991 122 (21) 36 (10) 54 (14) 16 (4) 9 (5) 5 (2) 1 (1) 14 (3) 5 (1) 12 (6) 34 (10) 67 (11) T30 1992 74 (15) 44 (8) 39 (12) 23 (9) 5 (3) 16 (3) 14 (3) 17 (4) 63 (9) 40 (6) 52 (10) 30 (9) T30 1993 144 (21) 45 (11) 72 (12) 39 (11) 51 (10) 38 (10) 38 (8) 30 (5) 63 (11) 41 (11) 105 (19) 128 (29) T30 1994 177 (29) 59 (13) 67 (12) 32 (12) 20 (6) 20 (2) 8 (2) 3 (2) 15 (5) 35 (7) 50 (11) 89 (11) T30 1995 114 (17) 92 (13) 115 (26) 120 (18) 150 (21) 103 (20) 30 (8) 60 (9) 109 (19) 111 (18) 178 (30) 164 (27) T30 1996 295 (45) 149 (31) 109 (22) 79 (9) 41 (7) 0 1 (1) 2 (2) 9 (2) 34 (7) 44 (16) 137 (25) T30 1997 233 (41) 109 (20) 98 (19) 140 (18) 63 (13) 52 (11) 12 (4) 18 (4) 33 (9) 85 (17) 172 (26) 140 (25) T30 1998 137 (30) 112 (21) 128 (21) 85 (17) 111 (13) 44 (10) 13 (4) 17 (4) 25 (7) 19 (6) 32 (5) 43 (8) T30 1999 116 (23) 30 (10) 40 (11) 77 (17) 58 (12) 30 (7) 8 (2) 0 13 (3) 27 (8) 85 (18) 214 (32) T30 2000 217 (38) 152 (31) 171 (21) 61 (15) 87 (16) 25 (7) 13 (4) 4 (3) 22 (7) 76 (12) 56 (12) 0 T30 2001 159 (21) 70 (18) 91 (24) 212 (45) 41 (13) 35 (6) 19 (4) 21 (5) 52 (8) 25 (8) 32 (8) 0 T30 2002 197 (38) 78 (20) 63 (19) 81 (15) 10 (2) 15 (5) 0 4 (2) 6 (3) 0 8 (3) 0 T30 2003 105 (19) 51 (8) 240 (32) 63 (11) 7 (1) 13 (2) 6 (2) 7 (2) 0 25 (7) 24 (5) 0 T30 2004 79 (10) 54 (9) 299 (41) 90 (11) 49 (9) 39 (5) 0 0 0 0 0 0 T31 1988 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 (1) 2 (1) 9 (3) T31 1989 2 (1) 0 1 (1) 0 1 (1) 0 0 0 0 2 (1) 0 11 (2) T31 1990 9 (2) 0 1 (1) 2 (1) 0 20 (3) 1 (1) 4 (1) 22 (5) 54 (7) 11 (3) 35 (7) T31 1991 54 (10) 19 (6) 13 (5) 9 (1) 0 0 0 0 6 (2) 12 (2) 15 (3) 6 (3) T31 1992 14 (4) 26 (6) 1 (1) 26 (5) 0 6 (3) 4 (1) 4 (2) 11 (6) 10 (3) 1 (1) 12 (3) T31 1993 63 (16) 26 (6) 18 (7) 33 (7) 14 (5) 2 (1) 8 (3) 23 (4) 12 (2) 15 (7) 23 (8) 15 (7) T31 1994 20 (8) 4 (4) 22 (7) 26 (5) 9 (2) 2 (2) 3 (1) 0 8 (1) 0 1 (1) 3 (2) T31 1995 2 (1) 3 (2) 9 (4) 6 (2) 4 (3) 15 (3) 0 0 0 13 (4) 12 (2) 13 (2) T31 1996 33 (9) 40 (12) 15 (5) 24 (2) 4 (1) 3 (2) 2 (1) 0 2 (1) 6 (3) 14 (6) 10 (4) T31 1997 23 (7) 10 (3) 59 (11) 25 (6) 3 (2) 25 (4) 0 0 2 (2) 9 (6) 11 (4) 20 (7) T31 1998 72 (14) 80 (11) 39 (9) 14 (5) 4 (2) 0 0 0 0 1 (1) 1 (1) 0 T31 1999 12 (3) 29 (10) 16 (7) 8 (2) 3 (2) 0 0 0 0 10 (2) 10 (2) 11 (5) T31 2000 35 (11) 18 (5) 26 (6) 4 (3) 22 (3) 19 (3) 1 (1) 9 (2) 0 36 (8) 6 (3) 0 T31 2001 31 (7) 15 (6) 22 (7) 10 (5) 22 (3) 33 (6) 8 (2) 1 (1) 8 (3) 4 (3) 1 (1) 0 T31 2002 18 (7) 4 (3) 4 (2) 3 (3) 9 (2) 6 (2) 0 1 (1) 0 4 (2) 6 (2) 0 T31 2003 15 (6) 6 (2) 11 (1) 1 (1) 8 (1) 12 (3) 0 0 1 (1) 18 (3) 6 (1) 0 T31 2004 0 2 (2) 8 (3) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 U30 1988 0 0 0 11 (3) 6 (2) 8 (1) 0 0 0 2 (1) 0 4 (3) U30 1989 0 0 0 2 (1) 0 0 0 0 0 22 (3) 34 (4) 7 (2) U30 1990 0 0 5 (1) 0 0 5 (1) 15 (2) 10 (4) 5 (2) 15 (6) 10 (3) 14 (2) U30 1991 11 (4) 8 (2) 8 (1) 3 (2) 1 (1) 0 5 (1) 0 0 5 (1) 2 (2) 4 (1) U30 1992 0 3 (1) 10 (3) 13 (2) 1 (1) 2 (1) 2 (2) 1 (1) 1 (1) 4 (3) 11 (3) 5 (2) U30 1993 4 (3) 7 (4) 16 (3) 2 (2) 0 0 14 (3) 2 (2) 6 (3) 11 (2) 8 (3) 22 (3) U30 1994 19 (5) 15 (5) 26 (5) 3 (1) 0 1 (1) 36 (5) 22 (4) 1 (1) 10 (2) 5 (2) 7 (2) U30 1995 19 (5) 12 (5) 15 (4) 14 (2) 27 (4) 14 (5) 14 (3) 5 (1) 30 (5) 29 (5) 29 (5) 23 (7) U30 1996 103 (17) 90 (14) 63 (10) 36 (8) 1 (1) 48 (4) 7 (2) 5 (1) 0 16 (2) 14 (6) 11 (3) U30 1997 42 (13) 41 (6) 15 (5) 17 (3) 0 30 (4) 24 (2) 11 (2) 22 (4) 44 (6) 52 (11) 52 (9) U30 1998 50 (13) 41 (12) 24 (6) 12 (4) 0 9 (3) 10 (4) 8 (3) 0 9 (3) 5 (2) 4 (1) U30 1999 33 (6) 7 (3) 3 (2) 12 (3) 4 (3) 1 (1) 9 (3) 2 (1) 7 (1) 8 (3) 25 (5) 17 (5) U30 2000 26 (7) 32 (11) 32 (7) 0 4 (2) 5 (3) 0 0 0 7 (1) 42 (5) 0 U30 2001 27 (4) 43 (8) 74 (16) 9 (3) 7 (4) 0 16 (3) 4 (2) 9 (3) 17 (6) 25 (4) 0 U30 2002 39 (9) 10 (5) 10 (4) 26 (7) 26 (4) 35 (4) 34 (5) 13 (3) 9 (1) 18 (3) 12 (2) 0 U30 2003 14 (5) 12 (2) 59 (12) 28 (4) 12 (2) 16 (3) 7 (3) 15 (2) 14 (4) 8 (1) 0 0 U30 2004 34 (5) 25 (6) 85 (19) 26 (5) 15 (4) 2 (2) 0 0 0 0 0 0 U31 1988 0 0 0 0 14 (2) 1 (1) 0 0 7 (2) 25 (3) 11 (4) 18 (3) U31 1989 2 (1) 0 8 (3) 9 (2) 0 0 0 0 0 18 (7) 9 (3) 28 (5) U31 1990 12 (2) 4 (1) 5 (3) 1 (1) 11 (3) 15 (4) 24 (9) 12 (4) 38 (9) 52 (12) 40 (6) 49 (8) U31 1991 56 (12) 33 (8) 19 (6) 2 (1) 9 (2) 13 (3) 11 (3) 9 (3) 2 (2) 27 (6) 25 (9) 53 (15) U31 1992 97 (21) 65 (14) 102 (19) 98 (18) 22 (6) 8 (4) 3 (1) 9 (1) 9 (4) 68 (11) 47 (8) 13 (7) U31 1993 112 (17) 53 (10) 99 (19) 45 (12) 32 (11) 23 (5) 47 (10) 12 (4) 42 (6) 43 (8) 54 (12) 55 (11) U31 1994 83 (18) 27 (11) 15 (9) 16 (7) 13 (6) 8 (2) 0 1 (1) 5 (2) 12 (5) 2 (2) 26 (3) U31 1995 47 (5) 37 (10) 17 (5) 23 (8) 8 (2) 10 (3) 0 9 (2) 19 (5) 66 (13) 61 (10) 95 (16) U31 1996 151 (29) 113 (20) 103 (21) 70 (12) 23 (7) 32 (5) 12 (3) 10 (5) 18 (5) 44 (6) 125 (12) 123 (26) U31 1997 253 (29) 184 (29) 168 (22) 185 (27) 85 (13) 138 (15) 10 (3) 11 (4) 82 (15) 269 (33) 173 (32) 226 (31) U31 1998 278 (45) 195 (28) 84 (18) 49 (13) 32 (6) 36 (6) 1 (1) 25 (6) 16 (3) 59 (9) 38 (5) 33 (7) U31 1999 194 (25) 139 (18) 115 (19) 58 (12) 57 (12) 20 (5) 16 (5) 1 (1) 7 (2) 16 (6) 54 (14) 193 (23) U31 2000 257 (40) 147 (18) 95 (17) 10 (5) 55 (8) 19 (4) 22 (2) 7 (2) 2 (1) 16 (4) 39 (7) 0 U31 2001 32 (5) 55 (13) 74 (17) 40 (10) 85 (13) 26 (5) 20 (3) 13 (4) 5 (3) 54 (8) 9 (3) 0 U31 2002 118 (24) 51 (17) 9 (6) 4 (3) 9 (5) 6 (2) 25 (5) 19 (3) 32 (5) 21 (4) 18 (4) 0 U31 2003 122 (17) 16 (6) 9 (6) 8 (4) 0 3 (1) 17 (4) 14 (2) 7 (2) 1 (1) 2 (2) 0 U31 2004 36 (7) 15 (4) 10 (8) 13 (6) 2 (2) 1 (1) 0 0 0 0 0 0 U32 1988 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 (1) 10 (1) 0 0 9 (1) 22 (4) U32 1989 2 (1) 3 (1) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 (3) 8 (3) 3 (2) U32 1990 5 (2) 3 (2) 15 (3) 36 (6) 37 (7) 50 (8) 41 (8) 31 (6) 13 (5) 0 8 (2) 13 (4) U32 1991 11 (6) 17 (6) 15 (8) 1 (1) 7 (1) 0 4 (1) 10 (4) 2 (1) 1 (1) 41 (8) 46 (10) U32 1992 44 (8) 44 (11) 65 (12) 64 (11) 22 (6) 0 1 (1) 7 (2) 10 (2) 22 (6) 8 (1) 13 (5) U32 1993 28 (9) 20 (6) 95 (15) 46 (8) 28 (5) 8 (2) 13 (3) 20 (5) 12 (4) 4 (3) 9 (5) 28 (7) U32 1994 15 (4) 8 (6) 9 (5) 8 (4) 13 (3) 1 (1) 0 2 (1) 0 0 8 (3) 17 (2) U32 1995 13 (3) 10 (3) 8 (2) 5 (3) 29 (4) 11 (2) 14 (2) 0 14 (5) 18 (4) 7 (3) 19 (5) U32 1996 39 (9) 32 (8) 35 (5) 16 (4) 0 15 (2) 0 11 (1) 7 (2) 19 (3) 27 (4) 20 (8) U32 1997 24 (7) 13 (3) 14 (5) 39 (12) 11 (3) 9 (2) 18 (2) 5 (1) 11 (3) 24 (4) 28 (5) 34 (7) U32 1998 47 (9) 34 (6) 35 (6) 30 (8) 29 (4) 34 (8) 6 (4) 7 (2) 13 (3) 16 (4) 21 (4) 48 (8) U32 1999 51 (6) 37 (9) 54 (8) 13 (4) 14 (3) 5 (3) 0 7 (1) 1 (1) 14 (3) 5 (1) 7 (2) U32 2000 14 (4) 23 (3) 1 (1) 14 (2) 0 0 1 (1) 3 (1) 0 0 0 0 U32 2001 16 (5) 8 (2) 3 (3) 3 (1) 1 (1) 1 (1) 8 (2) 0 5 (1) 2 (1) 1 (1) 0 U32 2002 19 (3) 6 (3) 0 1 (1) 16 (3) 6 (2) 0 2 (2) 0 10 (2) 1 (1) 0 U32 2003 6 (5) 3 (2) 1 (1) 0 0 2 (2) 8 (3) 9 (1) 1 (1) 9 (1) 6 (2) 0 U32 2004 4 (3) 0 6 (2) 0 1 (1) 1 (1) 0 0 0 0 0 0


158


V31 1988 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 (1) 0 0 8 (1) 12 (2) V31 1989 7 (3) 0 4 (1) 1 (1) 0 0 6 (1) 9 (1) 6 (1) 41 (5) 19 (3) 22 (2) V31 1990 21 (2) 26 (6) 6 (4) 9 (3) 8 (2) 9 (2) 10 (3) 1 (1) 5 (2) 0 20 (2) 32 (6) V31 1991 34 (3) 27 (4) 10 (2) 4 (1) 3 (1) 1 (1) 2 (1) 16 (3) 22 (3) 11 (3) 19 (7) 11 (5) V31 1992 18 (6) 15 (5) 26 (7) 21 (9) 9 (1) 12 (2) 0 7 (2) 32 (5) 24 (7) 16 (4) 22 (3) V31 1993 21 (8) 15 (4) 8 (2) 5 (3) 9 (2) 3 (1) 0 0 5 (1) 7 (2) 5 (1) 34 (7) V31 1994 38 (5) 22 (5) 40 (7) 10 (4) 5 (1) 14 (3) 9 (1) 0 12 (2) 13 (3) 27 (7) 9 (5) V31 1995 10 (4) 14 (4) 22 (5) 12 (3) 14 (4) 25 (5) 0 2 (1) 3 (1) 31 (6) 25 (5) 51 (8) V31 1996 30 (12) 4 (3) 29 (8) 11 (4) 0 5 (1) 0 8 (3) 7 (4) 17 (2) 7 (2) 17 (6) V31 1997 32 (9) 43 (6) 10 (2) 8 (4) 11 (4) 9 (4) 5 (2) 0 9 (2) 11 (6) 12 (5) 21 (6) V31 1998 74 (10) 33 (11) 54 (8) 16 (2) 2 (2) 1 (1) 0 5 (2) 22 (3) 16 (2) 16 (1) 22 (4) V31 1999 30 (6) 4 (3) 13 (4) 21 (6) 13 (1) 3 (2) 0 0 0 18 (4) 8 (2) 38 (7) V31 2000 16 (5) 23 (7) 11 (5) 8 (1) 26 (6) 9 (2) 5 (1) 0 4 (1) 31 (6) 36 (7) 7 (1) V31 2001 38 (5) 21 (5) 13 (5) 13 (3) 16 (4) 11 (3) 5 (1) 5 (3) 3 (1) 10 (1) 10 (3) 0 V31 2002 26 (7) 17 (4) 12 (4) 8 (2) 2 (1) 5 (2) 22 (6) 5 (2) 7 (2) 8 (3) 2 (2) 0 V31 2003 63 (10) 25 (4) 42 (9) 19 (6) 23 (4) 11 (3) 17 (2) 9 (2) 0 10 (2) 14 (3) 0 V31 2004 17 (3) 13 (2) 22 (5) 12 (4) 8 (1) 18 (3) 0 0 0 0 0 0 V32 1988 0 0 4 (2) 3 (1) 2 (1) 0 3 (1) 5 (2) 15 (2) 26 (5) 64 (7) 59 (5) V32 1989 32 (4) 13 (3) 12 (3) 4 (3) 4 (1) 6 (1) 2 (1) 3 (1) 21 (5) 74 (10) 40 (7) 57 (10) V32 1990 148 (21) 24 (8) 71 (13) 133 (18) 89 (13) 84 (16) 56 (12) 21 (3) 62 (12) 56 (9) 82 (16) 94 (15) V32 1991 58 (13) 62 (11) 33 (7) 16 (5) 47 (6) 4 (2) 6 (2) 20 (2) 38 (6) 78 (11) 138 (17) 128 (19) V32 1992 146 (17) 40 (9) 78 (14) 98 (16) 11 (4) 10 (2) 7 (2) 17 (5) 23 (6) 61 (9) 61 (11) 51 (11) V32 1993 83 (17) 174 (23) 183 (21) 111 (16) 116 (15) 82 (15) 41 (10) 28 (8) 59 (8) 50 (9) 45 (9) 142 (24) V32 1994 231 (24) 109 (20) 128 (18) 141 (18) 85 (12) 16 (2) 7 (1) 12 (2) 48 (7) 63 (9) 174 (22) 229 (25) V32 1995 160 (18) 147 (21) 102 (18) 92 (13) 124 (17) 48 (7) 29 (4) 36 (7) 96 (11) 94 (15) 205 (25) 114 (25) V32 1996 147 (26) 116 (22) 149 (24) 69 (12) 31 (7) 65 (10) 31 (6) 44 (7) 41 (8) 56 (10) 105 (14) 153 (27) V32 1997 166 (23) 109 (19) 69 (15) 77 (12) 26 (8) 13 (4) 16 (6) 15 (5) 11 (5) 118 (17) 221 (34) 333 (40) V32 1998 204 (37) 193 (34) 167 (28) 106 (17) 101 (12) 132 (15) 74 (10) 102 (12) 93 (16) 119 (19) 201 (23) 261 (31) V32 1999 215 (35) 128 (23) 98 (21) 160 (27) 57 (13) 32 (7) 26 (8) 23 (5) 58 (11) 87 (15) 114 (21) 187 (27) V32 2000 232 (33) 255 (45) 299 (34) 146 (32) 126 (17) 55 (14) 27 (7) 1 (1) 5 (2) 27 (6) 62 (10) 0 V32 2001 122 (28) 102 (23) 133 (24) 124 (35) 23 (6) 11 (3) 13 (5) 31 (6) 22 (5) 43 (10) 47 (9) 0 V32 2002 116 (22) 81 (18) 59 (9) 49 (10) 56 (7) 75 (10) 32 (9) 27 (8) 68 (9) 66 (14) 42 (11) 0 V32 2003 160 (21) 122 (19) 302 (37) 42 (9) 81 (13) 41 (6) 31 (7) 34 (6) 31 (5) 58 (8) 61 (9) 0 V32 2004 238 (27) 104 (15) 117 (21) 96 (14) 42 (9) 113 (11) 0 0 0 0 0 0 W32 1988 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 (1) 0 0 0 W32 1989 0 0 2 (1) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 W32 1990 2 (1) 3 (1) 1 (1) 4 (2) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 W32 1991 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 (1) 0 W32 1992 0 1 (1) 0 0 0 1 (1) 0 0 0 0 0 0 W32 1993 0 5 (3) 0 2 (1) 0 14 (3) 1 (1) 8 (2) 0 3 (1) 3 (1) 0 W32 1994 5 (1) 17 (3) 18 (4) 17 (3) 6 (3) 11 (4) 1 (1) 0 0 0 0 5 (3) W32 1995 2 (1) 7 (2) 12 (4) 3 (1) 0 0 0 1 (1) 3 (2) 4 (1) 1 (1) 13 (3) W32 1996 19 (5) 8 (3) 12 (2) 0 0 4 (1) 0 0 0 0 2 (1) 6 (3) W32 1997 1 (1) 8 (5) 13 (6) 9 (6) 7 (3) 13 (2) 3 (2) 7 (3) 7 (3) 2 (2) 4 (3) 27 (5) W32 1998 20 (7) 12 (4) 18 (9) 13 (3) 23 (4) 3 (1) 1 (1) 3 (2) 25 (7) 69 (13) 132 (16) 111 (15) W32 1999 102 (16) 67 (9) 48 (11) 19 (9) 25 (3) 17 (3) 12 (2) 21 (3) 27 (5) 55 (10) 25 (6) 45 (8) W32 2000 63 (13) 72 (14) 74 (14) 258 (35) 165 (18) 105 (18) 32 (10) 8 (3) 48 (7) 54 (9) 47 (10) 2 (1) W32 2001 91 (18) 39 (14) 39 (14) 24 (10) 13 (4) 9 (3) 13 (3) 3 (1) 0 11 (4) 5 (3) 0 W32 2002 33 (7) 18 (7) 7 (3) 26 (8) 22 (7) 16 (4) 2 (1) 1 (1) 1 (1) 9 (3) 10 (4) 0 W32 2003 52 (8) 10 (8) 64 (18) 13 (7) 16 (3) 4 (1) 3 (1) 1 (1) 0 11 (3) 7 (1) 0 W32 2004 45 (7) 15 (5) 2 (2) 2 (1) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 W33 1988 0 0 1 (1) 0 4 (1) 3 (1) 8 (2) 0 1 (1) 0 0 0 W33 1989 0 1 (1) 0 0 1 (1) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 W33 1990 3 (1) 1 (1) 4 (1) 1 (1) 0 1 (1) 0 0 0 0 1 (1) 1 (1) W33 1991 0 1 (1) 0 0 1 (1) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 W33 1992 1 (1) 0 0 0 5 (2) 0 4 (1) 0 1 (1) 0 0 0 W33 1993 0 0 1 (1) 1 (1) 2 (2) 2 (2) 0 0 0 0 0 0 W33 1994 2 (1) 0 0 2 (2) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 (2) W33 1995 0 0 0 4 (1) 2 (2) 11 (2) 2 (1) 2 (1) 1 (1) 0 1 (1) 6 (1) W33 1996 22 (9) 11 (3) 18 (5) 29 (5) 8 (4) 35 (5) 13 (3) 5 (2) 1 (1) 0 0 1 (1) W33 1997 3 (2) 11 (4) 9 (4) 7 (4) 27 (9) 24 (7) 7 (2) 3 (1) 1 (1) 1 (1) 9 (6) 112 (25) W33 1998 284 (57) 72 (18) 37 (9) 29 (8) 11 (4) 26 (6) 1 (1) 2 (1) 2 (1) 6 (1) 0 1 (1) W33 1999 5 (3) 3 (2) 0 0 4 (2) 9 (1) 0 0 0 2 (1) 1 (1) 1 (1) W33 2000 1 (1) 1 (1) 5 (1) 18 (6) 6 (2) 7 (2) 2 (2) 10 (3) 9 (3) 8 (3) 5 (4) 4 (1) W33 2001 201 (43) 82 (17) 104 (23) 10 (5) 11 (3) 2 (1) 4 (2) 0 0 1 (1) 0 0 W33 2002 7 (2) 7 (2) 0 0 1 (1) 2 (1) 0 0 2 (1) 1 (1) 0 0 W33 2003 2 (1) 4 (2) 0 0 1 (1) 0 5 (1) 2 (1) 0 0 0 0 W33 2004 6 (2) 1 (1) 0 0 0 1 (1) 0 0 0 0 0 0 W34 1988 0 0 0 0 8 (2) 0 3 (1) 0 1 (1) 0 0 0 W34 1989 0 4 (1) 4 (1) 1 (1) 10 (2) 7 (1) 0 0 0 0 0 0 W34 1990 4 (2) 6 (1) 30 (7) 5 (3) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 W34 1991 0 5 (1) 2 (1) 0 6 (2) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 W34 1992 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 (1) 0 0 0 W34 1993 0 1 (1) 3 (1) 0 1 (1) 6 (1) 3 (1) 0 0 0 0 0 W34 1994 0 0 1 (1) 0 2 (2) 0 7 (1) 1 (1) 0 2 (1) 38 (6) 24 (6) W34 1995 23 (3) 18 (5) 12 (4) 7 (4) 11 (3) 2 (2) 0 1 (1) 0 0 0 9 (2) W34 1996 29 (4) 27 (6) 25 (8) 31 (9) 35 (7) 35 (8) 12 (4) 3 (2) 6 (2) 0 1 (1) 5 (1) W34 1997 25 (5) 15 (3) 36 (10) 71 (11) 103 (15) 66 (12) 10 (3) 12 (2) 4 (2) 2 (2) 37 (9) 21 (9) W34 1998 47 (13) 19 (8) 18 (3) 18 (5) 8 (4) 28 (8) 6 (2) 0 0 3 (1) 18 (4) 36 (5) W34 1999 39 (9) 15 (4) 0 2 (1) 1 (1) 0 0 0 0 2 (2) 1 (1) 0 W34 2000 0 1 (1) 0 1 (1) 4 (2) 9 (3) 9 (2) 19 (6) 49 (6) 25 (5) 46 (10) 0 W34 2001 244 (30) 94 (19) 69 (19) 16 (6) 5 (3) 19 (5) 9 (4) 6 (2) 0 1 (1) 0 0 W34 2002 23 (7) 7 (2) 3 (2) 0 0 4 (1) 1 (1) 0 0 0 0 0 W34 2003 0 2 (1) 8 (1) 4 (1) 0 0 0 3 (1) 5 (1) 0 2 (1) 0 W34 2004 81 (11) 10 (4) 47 (11) 34 (5) 0 5 (2) 0 0 0 0 0 0 W35 1988 0 0 0 0 2 (1) 0 1 (1) 0 0 0 0 0 W35 1989 23 (2) 3 (1) 3 (1) 1 (1) 3 (2) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 W35 1990 21 (4) 17 (3) 21 (5) 4 (2) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 W35 1991 5 (1) 7 (1) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 (1) 0 W35 1992 1 (1) 1 (1) 2 (1) 2 (1) 2 (1) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 W35 1994 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 (2) 24 (2) W35 1995 5 (1) 0 16 (2) 3 (2) 12 (2) 2 (1) 2 (1) 0 0 0 0 0 W35 1996 0 7 (1) 0 3 (1) 12 (2) 2 (1) 0 0 1 (1) 0 7 (2) 51 (8) W35 1997 68 (7) 58 (7) 1 (1) 26 (6) 30 (7) 28 (5) 3 (1) 0 6 (1) 38 (7) 69 (8) 61 (6) W35 1998 70 (9) 27 (4) 0 7 (3) 7 (2) 12 (3) 7 (2) 0 1 (1) 0 3 (2) 21 (3) W35 1999 49 (9) 0 0 0 2 (2) 1 (1) 0 0 0 0 0 0 W35 2000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 (1) 0 23 (6) 73 (17) 0 W35 2001 74 (14) 12 (3) 14 (6) 2 (2) 1 (1) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 W35 2002 3 (1) 2 (1) 7 (3) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 W35 2003 0 0 3 (1) 1 (1) 0 0 0 0 0 10 (1) 0 0 W35 2004 3 (1) 2 (1) 2 (1) 8 (2) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


159

14.7 Model code, diagnostics and historical data summary (pre-1988)

Table 14.63 Example genstat code used to analyse historical prawn and scallop catches.

Tiger and endeavour prawns ‘Linear Mixed Model - REML’ VCOMPONENTS [FIXED=loghours+year*month*grid; FACTORIAL=9] \ RANDOM=vessel+year.vessel; INITIAL=1,1,1; CONSTRAINTS=positive,positive,positive REML [PRINT=model,deviance,components,effects,waldTests; PSE=estimates; MVINCLUDE=*; METHOD=AI] logwt Eastern king prawn and saucer scallop VCOMPONENTS [FIXED=fishyear*month*grid; FACTORIAL=9] \ RANDOM=vessel+fishyear.vessel; INITIAL=1,1,1; CONSTRAINTS=positive,positive,positive REML [PRINT=model,deviance,components,effects,waldTests; PSE=estimates; MVINCLUDE=*; METHOD=AI] logwt


160


Figure 14.20 Standardised residuals from the pre-1988 northern tiger prawn analysis.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 70

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000


Freq

uenc

y

Data

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1-7.8

-7.75

-7.7

-7.65

-7.6

-7.55

-7.5

-7.45

-7.4


λ

Log

likel

ihoo

d

Figure 14.21 Histogram of the natural logarithm transformation of the observed pre-1988 northern tiger prawn catches and the plot of the Box-Cox likelihood.


161

Table 14.64 Summary of the number of pre-1988 daily catches of northern tiger prawns analysed by fishing year and month. The number of boats associated with the number of daily catches is shown in parenthesis.

Fishing year January February March April May June July August September October November December

1970 2 (1) 2 (1) 0 0 32 (5) 64 (7) 115 (12) 74 (8) 113 (16) 134 (16) 6 (2) 1 (1) 1971 35 (4) 69 (8) 41 (6) 7 (1) 16 (5) 43 (5) 157 (13) 41 (10) 109 (18) 36 (9) 17 (6) 8 (4) 1972 26 (1) 4 (1) 29 (5) 0 20 (3) 149 (16) 162 (18) 117 (13) 78 (14) 130 (14) 37 (8) 5 (2) 1973 15 (1) 30 (4) 0 14 (5) 18 (4) 25 (6) 20 (5) 0 0 0 0 0 1974 0 18 (1) 0 0 0 0 10 (1) 0 0 0 5 (1) 0 1975 0 0 0 8 (1) 0 0 8 (1) 9 (1) 2 (1) 0 3 (1) 0 1976 0 2 (1) 46 (1) 0 0 0 0 0 24 (1) 14 (1) 52 (1) 53 (1) 1977 0 20 (1) 0 0 53 (1) 78 (1) 77 (1) 26 (1) 0 0 0 0 1978 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1979 0 19 (1) 0 35 (1) 18 (1) 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 (1) 1980 1 (1) 2 (1) 0 10 (2) 77 (7) 55 (7) 20 (2) 17 (2) 2 (1) 0 8 (2) 1 (1) 1981 34 (4) 28 (6) 24 (3) 135 (14) 174 (16) 83 (10) 61 (9) 81 (8) 34 (4) 39 (4) 73 (6) 9 (2) 1982 36 (4) 115 (14) 208 (14) 173 (13) 99 (13) 127 (14) 87 (13) 97 (10) 82 (8) 92 (9) 132 (10) 10 (2) 1983 30 (5) 167 (19) 158 (18) 166 (16) 367 (29) 229 (25) 165 (23) 190 (14) 103 (12) 46 (10) 115 (16) 59 (10) 1984 156 (23) 584 (52) 402 (38) 411 (39) 575 (43) 492 (42) 377 (35) 279 (25) 126 (13) 71 (6) 26 (6) 33 (4) 1985 21 (4) 14 (13) 632 (50) 447 (35) 450 (35) 236 (22) 239 (23) 64 (10) 86 (7) 70 (8) 24 (2) 0 1986 0 12 (12) 487 (35) 218 (24) 319 (24) 371 (24) 195 (21) 230 (25) 111 (14) 166 (14) 103 (21) 51 (11) 1987 70 (9) 344 (32) 700 (44) 289 (35) 192 (18) 286 (29) 381 (32) 128 (13) 61 (11) 151 (10) 60 (11) 19 (4)


162


Figure 14.22 Standardised residuals from the pre-1988 northern endeavour prawn analysis.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 70

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000


Freq

uenc

y

Data

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1-6.9

-6.8

-6.7

-6.6

-6.5

-6.4

-6.3

-6.2

-6.1

-6x 104 Power transformation: Box-Cox

λ

Log

likel

ihoo

d

Figure 14.23 Histogram of the natural logarithm transformation of the observed pre-1988 northern endeavour prawn catches and the plot of the Box-Cox likelihood.


163

Table 14.65 Summary of the number of pre-1988 daily catches of northern endeavour prawns analysed by fishing year and month. The number of boats associated with the number of daily catches is shown in parenthesis.


1970 2 (1) 0 0 0 30 (4) 52 (7) 94 (11) 35 (5) 84 (14) 105 (13) 6 (2) 0 1971 1 (1) 3 (2) 24 (4) 0 12 (4) 40 (5) 140 (12) 40 (10) 104 (16) 34 (9) 15 (6) 4 (3) 1972 21 (1) 3 (1) 29 (5) 0 10 (3) 127 (16) 153 (16) 115 (13) 77 (14) 127 (14) 33 (7) 5 (2) 1973 14 (1) 25 (4) 0 6 (3) 5 (1) 24 (6) 5 (3) 0 0 0 0 0 1974 0 18 (1) 0 0 0 0 10 (1) 0 0 0 5 (1) 0 1975 0 0 0 8 (1) 0 0 8 (1) 9 (1) 2 (1) 0 3 (1) 0 1976 0 2 (1) 45 (1) 0 0 0 0 0 24 (1) 14 (1) 52 (1) 52 (1) 1977 0 20 (1) 0 0 53 (1) 78 (1) 76 (1) 26 (1) 0 0 0 0 1978 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1979 0 18 (1) 0 35 (1) 15 (1) 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 (1) 1980 0 2 (1) 0 9 (2) 69 (7) 48 (7) 19 (2) 17 (2) 2 (1) 0 7 (2) 1 (1) 1981 33 (4) 25 (5) 24 (3) 133 (14) 172 (16) 81 (10) 61 (9) 80 (8) 33 (4) 38 (4) 74 (6) 9 (2) 1982 36 (4) 109 (14) 205 (14) 172 (13) 98 (13) 113 (13) 78 (12) 75 (9) 74 (7) 70 (8) 110 (9) 10 (2) 1983 9 (4) 153 (19) 129 (17) 165 (16) 350 (29) 227 (25) 156 (22) 189 (14) 103 (12) 46 (10) 112 (16) 58 (10) 1984 154 (23) 555 (50) 386 (38) 394 (39) 552 (42) 467 (42) 374 (35) 274 (25) 124 (13) 71 (6) 25 (6) 29 (4) 1985 21 (4) 14 (13) 581 (49) 432 (35) 436 (35) 231 (22) 238 (23) 63 (10) 86 (7) 66 (8) 24 (2) 0 1986 0 11 (11) 463 (34) 210 (24) 306 (24) 358 (23) 181 (21) 232 (25) 111 (14) 152 (14) 91 (21) 43 (11) 1987 59 (8) 331 (32) 695 (44) 299 (36) 189 (18) 271 (29) 345 (31) 112 (12) 52 (10) 149 (10) 55 (11) 19 (4)


164


Figure 14.24 Standardised residuals from the pre-1988 southern tiger prawn analysis.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 70

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400


Freq

uenc

y

Data

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1-4.8

-4.75

-4.7

-4.65

-4.6

-4.55

-4.5


λ

Log

likel

ihoo

d

Figure 14.25 Histogram of the natural logarithm transformation of the observed pre-1988 southern tiger prawn catches and the plot of the Box-Cox likelihood.


165

Table 14.66 Summary of the number of pre-1988 daily catches of southern tiger prawns analysed by fishing year and month. The number of boats associated with the number of daily catches is shown in parenthesis.


1968 0 0 0 0 0 37 (1) 0 14 (1) 3 (1) 0 0 0 1969 0 19 (1) 0 9 (1) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1970 0 0 24 (4) 47 (5) 93 (16) 177 (25) 234 (24) 161 (24) 130 (20) 8 (6) 18 (2) 2 (1) 1971 5 (3) 6 (3) 8 (3) 42 (7) 166 (22) 189 (23) 357 (40) 384 (39) 160 (24) 99 (14) 57 (9) 43 (6) 1972 29 (5) 12 (6) 74 (14) 32 (5) 69 (17) 252 (28) 350 (43) 415 (40) 155 (26) 107 (17) 27 (11) 0 1973 1 (1) 1 (1) 1 (1) 45 (11) 134 (18) 161 (19) 73 (8) 37 (4) 21 (2) 0 0 0 1974 0 3 (1) 3 (1) 0 0 0 39 (1) 66 (1) 16 (1) 0 12 (1) 0 1975 0 0 49 (1) 38 (1) 49 (1) 26 (1) 47 (1) 18 (1) 8 (1) 3 (1) 16 (1) 0 1976 0 12 (1) 27 (1) 37 (1) 88 (1) 45 (1) 54 (1) 79 (1) 50 (1) 45 (1) 10 (1) 0 1977 0 10 (1) 19 (1) 0 28 (1) 33 (1) 5 (1) 30 (1) 34 (1) 0 0 0 1978 0 0 0 60 (1) 54 (1) 31 (1) 64 (2) 106 (7) 82 (2) 38 (1) 36 (1) 30 (2) 1979 0 13 (1) 11 (1) 0 11 (1) 59 (2) 41 (3) 82 (4) 0 0 0 0 1980 0 6 (2) 0 5 (1) 1 (1) 3 (1) 86 (5) 4 (1) 1 (1) 0 0 0 1981 0 0 1 (1) 12 (3) 48 (8) 20 (5) 1 (1) 3 (3) 0 5 (1) 1 (1) 0 1982 2 (1) 0 4 (2) 18 (4) 20 (5) 4 (2) 8 (2) 6 (3) 9 (3) 10 (2) 1 (1) 1 (1) 1983 0 3 (2) 29 (4) 15 (4) 69 (4) 121 (10) 100 (15) 23 (4) 40 (9) 23 (3) 4 (4) 0 1984 6 (4) 14 (9) 49 (16) 4 (2) 59 (14) 172 (23) 101 (15) 80 (14) 25 (5) 7 (2) 3 (2) 3 (1) 1985 3 (2) 15 (9) 27 (12) 265 (23) 187 (27) 174 (31) 104 (18) 105 (13) 48 (8) 25 (9) 10 (2) 0 1986 0 0 96 (16) 240 (20) 320 (33) 186 (28) 141 (24) 84 (19) 101 (16) 69 (12) 50 (6) 19 (6) 1987 43 (4) 63 (11) 127 (16) 260 (18) 293 (24) 278 (29) 253 (35) 211 (31) 106 (20) 160 (17) 62 (9) 15 (5)


166

14.7.4 Eastern king prawns

Figure 14.26 Standardised residuals from the pre-1988 eastern king prawn analysis.

-2 0 2 4 6 80

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000


Freq

uenc

y

Data

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1-9.5

-9.45

-9.4

-9.35

-9.3

-9.25

-9.2

-9.15

-9.1


λ

Log

likel

ihoo

d

Figure 14.27 Histogram of the natural logarithm transformation of the observed pre-1988 eastern king prawn catches and the plot of the Box-Cox likelihood.


167

Table 14.67 Summary of the number of pre-1988 daily catches of eastern king prawns analysed by fishing year and month. The number of boats associated with the number of daily catches is shown in parenthesis.

Fishing year November December January February March April May June July August September October

1969 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 (7) 185 (38) 196 (40) 276 (46) 1970 215 (40) 158 (25) 151 (24) 113 (21) 183 (28) 223 (31) 276 (35) 318 (38) 276 (34) 126 (29) 81 (17) 91 (14) 1971 107 (16) 160 (21) 211 (27) 0 0 161 (21) 195 (23) 171 (25) 112 (23) 206 (19) 130 (13) 86 (16) 1972 108 (18) 140 (14) 90 (15) 43 (10) 129 (20) 131 (19) 52 (16) 173 (23) 247 (37) 253 (39) 209 (32) 179 (24) 1973 159 (23) 173 (23) 227 (27) 153 (27) 184 (28) 188 (28) 181 (31) 214 (31) 100 (24) 170 (31) 137 (22) 228 (23) 1974 168 (24) 167 (22) 55 (21) 160 (32) 238 (33) 244 (37) 184 (33) 238 (39) 327 (44) 228 (51) 219 (45) 241 (39) 1975 139 (29) 128 (23) 158 (28) 159 (29) 190 (36) 95 (24) 153 (23) 215 (34) 274 (37) 179 (34) 170 (34) 146 (25) 1976 148 (22) 161 (26) 129 (25) 106 (29) 219 (35) 73 (21) 120 (27) 197 (33) 79 (19) 128 (19) 84 (13) 100 (14) 1977 92 (14) 161 (18) 120 (19) 92 (18) 115 (17) 65 (13) 94 (15) 62 (14) 121 (20) 141 (20) 115 (16) 94 (15) 1978 90 (15) 71 (16) 224 (24) 131 (19) 96 (15) 111 (17) 71 (17) 89 (18) 67 (14) 65 (13) 108 (17) 99 (14) 1979 143 (19) 106 (14) 64 (12) 66 (11) 105 (11) 125 (14) 72 (15) 123 (14) 97 (14) 111 (15) 80 (14) 75 (12) 1980 76 (13) 36 (10) 45 (6) 12 (2) 2 (1) 0 0 17 (1) 12 (1) 22 (1) 3 (1) 11 (1) 1981 0 0 0 0 0 4 (1) 12 (1) 0 0 0 1 (1) 0 1982 0 0 0 8 (1) 0 0 0 1 (1) 0 9 (1) 14 (1) 7 (1) 1983 12 (2) 2 (1) 5 (1) 0 2 (1) 3 (2) 7 (1) 0 0 5 (2) 1 (1) 9 (2) 1984 6 (1) 2 (1) 14 (2) 10 (2) 5 (1) 22 (3) 11 (1) 14 (3) 11 (2) 12 (1) 16 (3) 25 (3) 1985 12 (2) 4 (2) 32 (2) 14 (2) 13 (2) 0 2 (1) 0 16 (2) 10 (1) 10 (2) 23 (3) 1986 34 (3) 49 (7) 51 (9) 54 (8) 32 (5) 30 (4) 27 (5) 36 (7) 27 (7) 82 (13) 27 (7) 69 (8) 1987 83 (8) 89 (11) 94 (10) 49 (7) 59 (7) 29 (5) 43 (6) 41 (6) 28 (8) 18 (4) 14 (3) 7 (1)


168


Figure 14.28 Standardised residuals from the pre-1988 saucer scallop analysis.

-2 0 2 4 6 80

200

400

600

800

1000

1200


Freq

uenc

y

Data

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1-4

-3.9

-3.8

-3.7

-3.6

-3.5

-3.4


λ

Log

likel

ihoo

d

Figure 14.29 Histogram of the natural logarithm transformation of the observed pre-1988 saucer scallop catches and the plot of the Box-Cox likelihood.


169

Table 14.68 Summary of the number of pre-1988 daily catches of saucer scallops analysed by fishing year and month. The number of boats associated with the number of daily catches is shown in parenthesis.

Fishing year November December January February March April May June July August September October

1977 0 0 10 (2) 0 0 0 10 (2) 13 (2) 46 (11) 196 (32) 139 (24) 134 (23) 1978 158 (27) 113 (25) 174 (25) 71 (15) 30 (7) 56 (13) 82 (16) 178 (25) 219 (34) 152 (26) 219 (28) 73 (20) 1979 126 (23) 108 (23) 68 (17) 6 (3) 21 (6) 46 (10) 28 (10) 55 (12) 53 (14) 124 (20) 83 (18) 104 (22) 1980 135 (19) 103 (27) 175 (23) 67 (22) 27 (7) 77 (18) 137 (23) 156 (25) 131 (24) 83 (18) 135 (21) 167 (21) 1981 71 (13) 55 (12) 99 (18) 25 (4) 19 (2) 16 (2) 3 (1) 13 (2) 17 (2) 25 (2) 28 (3) 22 (3) 1982 18 (3) 9 (3) 22 (2) 18 (2) 12 (2) 9 (2) 12 (2) 18 (2) 25 (2) 14 (2) 48 (4) 38 (4) 1983 32 (3) 27 (3) 21 (4) 32 (4) 22 (3) 14 (2) 4 (1) 7 (2) 3 (1) 20 (3) 16 (3) 33 (3) 1984 31 (3) 16 (2) 8 (2) 15 (2) 15 (2) 3 (2) 7 (3) 6 (2) 0 0 21 (2) 19 (3) 1985 23 (3) 19 (2) 3 (1) 11 (1) 11 (1) 13 (2) 9 (2) 1 (1) 20 (1) 21 (2) 15 (2) 14 (2) 1986 24 (2) 12 (1) 14 (1) 15 (1) 12 (2) 16 (2) 23 (1) 17 (1) 85 (11) 144 (13) 134 (13) 145 (13) 1987 76 (9) 37 (7) 65 (9) 37 (6) 32 (4) 14 (4) 31 (3) 26 (6) 52 (7) 130 (19) 456 (55) 922 (87)


170

14.8 Questionnaire

Survey of Queensland Commercial Trawl Vessels

2004

The questionnaire relates to the following vessel only

…………………..…… (Vessel name)

………………….....… (Vessel symbol)

1. Vessel Specifications The following vessel details are required to determine how effectively your vessel can tow trawl gear. Please provide information on changes to the vessel listed on the cover for the period from purchase date to present. If certain vessel specifications have changed more than twice, please record this information on the back of page. If exact figures or dates are not available please provide careful estimates. If you just don’t know some details please write down “DON’T KNOW”. When did you purchase this vessel? ....……./ 20..………(Month / Year)

Which fisheries has this vessel operated in since you purchased the vessel? Also, how have you been related to the skipper(s)? Please tick the relevant box for each fishery. If there was more than one type of skipper, please record the years operated by each skipper.

(Tick correct box) Fishery Owner-Skipper

Related Family Member

Non-Family Employee Other

1. Eastern King Prawns (not red spot or blue leg)

No Yes

………………

(year to year)

………………

(year to year)

………………

(year to year)

………………

(year to year)

2. Tiger / Endeavour Prawns

No Yes

………………

(year to year)

………………

(year to year)

………………

(year to year)

………………

(year to year)

3. Saucer Scallops No Yes

………………

(year to year)

……………… (year to year)

………………

(year to year)

……………… (year to year)

4. Red Spot King Prawns (East coast)

No Yes

………………

(year to year)

………………

(year to year)

………………

(year to year)

………………

(year to year)

Vessel Specifications When you first fished with

this vessel.

Provide details of any changes that have been made during your

ownership/operation, with the first change in gear recorded first.

1. Engine manufacturer ………….….……………(type) ……………………………...….(type)

........../ 20..…… (Month / Year)

2. Engine Rated Power–(hp or kW) ………….…(hp)...……….(kW) …………....…(hp)...………..…….(kW)

3. Engine Rated RPM ………………………….(RPM) ………………………………….(RPM)

4. Maximum trawling RPM …………….……………(RPM) ………………………………….(RPM) 5. Normal trawling RPM

Eastern King Prawns …………….……………(RPM) ………………………………….(RPM)

Tiger / Endeavour Prawns …………….……………(RPM) ………………………………….(RPM)

Saucer Scallops …………….……………(RPM) …………….……………………(RPM)

Red Spot King Prawns …………….……………(RPM) ………………………………….(RPM) 6. Normal trawling speed for

Eastern King Prawns ……………….…………(knots) ……………………….…………(knots)

Tiger / Endeavour Prawns ……………….…………(knots) ……………………….…………(knots)

Saucer Scallops ……………….…………(knots) ……………….…………(knots)

Red Spot King Prawns ……………….…………(knots) ……………………….…………(knots)

7. Steaming speed (knots) ………………….………(knots) ……………………….…………(knots)

8. Reduction ........... :1 ........... :1 ………/20……..…(Month/Year)

9. Max. Fuel Capacity (litres) ……………….……….......…(l) ……………(l) .…..….../20.….... M/Y

171

172

10. Fuel Consumption (litres per night) ………………..(litres per night) ……………(l) .…..….../20.….... M/Y

11. Propeller Diameter (inches or cm) ……………(in)..................(cm) ………(in)……..(cm) ......./20...... M/Y

12. Propeller Pitch (inches) ....................(“) ……...……(“) …....../20…..... M/Y

13. Kortz Nozzle (tick box) Yes No

Yes ............/ 20........ M/Y installed

1. Vessel Specifications: continued. (complete only if you have changed vessel specifications more than twice)

Vessel Specifications Additional Changes Additional Changes

1. Engine manufacturer …………...…………...….(type) ........../ 20..…… (Month / Year)

…………...…………...….(type) ........../ 20..…… (Month / Year)

2. Engine Rated Power–(hp or kW) …………....…(hp)...……….(kW) …………....…(hp)...……….(kW)

3. Engine Rated RPM ……………………………(RPM) ……………………………(RPM)

4. Maximum trawling RPM ……………………………(RPM) ……………………………(RPM) 5. Normal trawling RPM

Eastern King Prawns …..……………………….(RPM) …..……………………….(RPM)

Tiger / Endeavour Prawns ……………...…………….(RPM) ……………...…………….(RPM)

Saucer Scallops …………………………….(RPM) …………………………….(RPM)

Red Spot King Prawns …………………………….(RPM) …………………………….(RPM) 6. Normal trawling speed for

Eastern King Prawns ………………….…………(knots) ………………….…………(knots)

Tiger / Endeavour Prawns ……………………………(knots) ……………………………(knots)

Saucer Scallops ……………………………(knots) ……………………………(knots)

Red Spot King Prawns ……………………………(knots) ……………………………(knots)

7. Steaming speed (knots) ……………………….……(knots) ……………………….……(knots)

8. Reduction ........... :1 ………/20……..… M/Y ........... :1 ………/20……..… M/Y

9. Max. Fuel Capacity (litres) …………(l) .…...../20.….... M/Y …………(l) .…...../20.….... M/Y

10. Fuel Consumption (litres per night) …………(l) .….../20.….... M/Y …………(l) .….../20.….... M/Y

11. Propeller Diameter (inches or cm) ……(in)…..(cm) ......./20...... M/Y ……(in)…..(cm) ......./20...... M/Y

12. Propeller Pitch (inches) …… (“) …....../20…..... M/Y …… (“) …....../20…..... M/Y

13. Kortz Nozzle (tick box) Yes ........../20....... M/Y installed

Yes ........../20....... M/Y installed

173

2. Navigation Capabilities One of the most important aspects to fishing is the ability to find and trawl the most productive areas. Specialised navigation equipment plays an important role in identifying and returning to productive fishing grounds. Please provide the following details for the vessel listed on the cover. If exact dates are not available please provide careful estimates. If you just don’t know some details please write “DON’T KNOW” for the question.

Navigational equipment

Has the equipment ever been used on

the vessel? (Tick one box for each question. Please provide month/year

if equipment was installed after the vessel was purchased)

Has the

equipment been

updated or retired

since first use? (please provide

month/year of change)

1. Colour Echo sounder No Yes, already installed when vessel purchased Yes, installed after vessel purchased ( ....../ 20.....)

1st update...../20..... 2nd update...../20.... retired ...../20......

2. Sonar No Yes, already installed when vessel purchased Yes, installed after vessel purchased (......./ 20.....)


3. Radar No Yes, already installed when vessel purchased Yes, installed after vessel purchased (......./ 20.....)


4. Satellite Navigation (SatNav) No Yes, already installed when vessel purchased Yes, installed after vessel purchased (......./ 20.....)


5. Global Positioning System (GPS)

No Yes, already installed when vessel purchased Yes, installed after vessel purchased (......./ 20.....)


6. Differential GPS (DGPS) No Yes, already installed when vessel purchased Yes, installed after vessel purchased (......./ 20.....)


7. Plotter (interfaced with GPS) No Yes, already installed when vessel purchased Yes, installed after vessel purchased (......./ 20.....)


8. Autopilot No Yes, already installed when vessel purchased Yes, installed after vessel purchased (......./ 20.....)


9. GPS interfaced with the autopilot



10. Radar interfaced with the GPS/Plotter



11. GPS interfaced with computer mapping software eg. CPLOT.



174

3. Searching Capabilities Please provide the following details for the vessel listed on the cover. If exact figures are not available please provide careful estimates. If you just don’t know some details please write “DON’T KNOW” for the question. Try-Gear Net

1. Does your fishing vessel use try-gear?

If yes, on a normal night what percentage do you use try gear?

Yes No If “No”, then go to section 4 (next page)

Eastern King Prawns (Inshore Waters).....

Less than 25 % of the night worked 25 % to 50% of the night worked 50 % to 75% of the night worked More than 75 % of the night worked

Eastern King Prawns (Offshore Waters)...


Tiger / Endeavour Prawns.........................


Saucer Scallops..........................................


Red Spot King Prawns…………………...


2. When did this fishing vessel first start using try-gear? .…...../20.…..... Month/Year 3. What type of try-gear do you use in each fishery? Beam Otter

Eastern King Prawns (Shallow Waters).....

Eastern King Prawns (Deep Waters)...…..

Tiger / Endeavour Prawns.........................

Saucer Scallops..........................................

Red Spot King Prawns (East Coast)....….. 4. What is the total head rope length of the try-gear

(fathoms or metres)? ……………(fm) or ………………(m) 5. In which position do you tow the try-gear? Stern Port Starboard

Note: 1 fathom = 6 feet or 1.8 metres

175

4. Communication devices The ability to communicate with other vessels could influence where you fish. This is just another aspect how technology could influence your catch rates and play an important role to identify productive fishing grounds. Please provide the details of communication equipment installed or carried on the vessel listed on the cover. If exact dates/figures are not available please provide careful estimates. If you just don’t know some details please write “DON’T KNOW” for the question.

What is the relative amount you use each device to

communicate at present?

Communication Devices

Has the equipment ever been used on

the vessel? (Tick one box for each question. Please provide

month/year if equipment was used after the vessel

was purchased)

From vessel to vessel? (per 100

communications)

From vessel to shore? (per 100

communications)

1. HF Radio

No Yes, already used when vessel purchased Yes, but first used after the vessel was

purchased. ........./ 20.…… (month / year)

No less than 25 % 25 to 50 % 50 to 75 % more than 75%


2. VHF Radio





3. UHF Radio





4. 27 meg Marine Radio





5. Mobile phone





6. Satellite phone





7. Others (please specify) ......................................





8. Others (please specify) ......................................





Do you use any other communication devices? Eg. E-mail, CB radio, Fax etc

5. Bycatch Reduction Devices (BRD) and Turtle Exclusion Devices (TED)

The use of BRD’s or TED’s can change your catching ability. Please provide the following information for each fishery your vessel has operated in. If exact dates/figures are not available please provide careful estimates. If you just don’t know some details please write “DON’T KNOW” for the question.

Bycatch Reduction Devices (BRD) and Turtle Exclusion Devices (TED)

Eastern King

Prawns (Inshore Waters)

Eastern King

Prawns (Offshore Waters)

EC Tiger /

Endeavour

Prawns

Torres Strait

Tiger/EndeavPra

wns

Saucer

Scallops

Red Spot

King Prawns

(East coast)

•••••

1. How often do you use a BRD per 100 nights worked?

Not at all less than 25% 25 to 50 % 50 to 75 % more than 75%

Not at all less than 25% 25 to 50 % 50 to 75 % more than

75%


75%




75%

When did you start using a BRD? (Please specify Month/Year)

...../20...... M/Y

...../20...... M/Y

...../20....M/Y

...../20....M/Y

...../20..... M/Y

....../20...... M/Y

2. When did you start using a TED? (Please specify

...../20...... M/Y ...../20...... M/Y ...../20......M/Y

...../20......M/Y ...../20......M/Y ....../20......

M/Y

3. Please tick each of the following devices this fishing vessel has used during your ownership/operation?

BRD’s: Square mesh window … Square mesh codend… Fisheye……………… Bigeye………………… Own design…………… Radial escape………… Barry Wilson V-Cut… Don’t know…………… Others (please specify).. ................. TED’s: Super Shooter………… AusTED……………… Nordmore…………… Seymour……………… Kevin Wicks………… Standard..…………….Weedless……………… Flounder......................... Own design…………… Don’t know…………… Others (Please specify) ………………………

..….... ….....

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.…….. ......... .......... ......... .......... ......... .......... ......... .......... ......... .......... ......... .......... ......... .......... ......... .......... ......... .......... ......... .......... ......... .......... .........

.….... .......

...….. .......

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...….. .......

....…. .......

........ ....… .…... ....... ..….. ..…. ........ ….... ........ ...….

........ …..... ......... …...... ......... …...... ........ …..... ......... …...... ......... …................ ...….. .......... ....…. .......... ....…. .......... ....…. .......... ….… ……... ..…..

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......... .....… .......... .....… .......... .....… .......... .....…

......…... .....… .......... .....… .......... .....… .......... .....… .......... .....… .......... .....…

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..….... ….....

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.….... ......... .......... ......... .......... ......... .......... ......... .......... ......... .......... ......... .......... ......... .......... ......... .......... ......... .......... ......... .......... ......... .......... ........

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176

6. Trawl Gear Types

The trawl gear essentially determines how effectively a vessel fishes, especially by changing swept area.

The setup of trawl gear varies with vessels and many different net types are used. Information on trawl-

gear is required to classify vessels into groups with similar configurations.

The following 4 Pages (one for each fishery – marked at top of page) are designed for you to record

information on trawl-gear starting from when you first fished with the vessel until 31st December 2003.

Please complete only the relevant tables for the fisheries the vessel fished in during your

ownership/operation.

All questions relate to the main trawl nets, not the cod-end.

• The first column is for you to record the original trawl gear when you first started fishing with the

vessel listed on the cover.

• The next 3 columns are for you to record any changes from the original gear. Please record the new

details and the month/year when the change occurred. If there were more than 3 changes, please

record details on the back of the page.

East Coast Tiger/ Endeavour Prawn Fishery

1. Do you use different gear to that used in the Torres Strait when you fish for tiger/ endeavour prawns on

the Queensland East Coast ?

No Yes

If Yes: What is different?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………………..

177

The Tiger / Endeavour Prawn Fishery Trawl-Gear Please answer questions row by row.

When you first fished with this

vessel Provide details of any gear changes that have been made during your ownership/operation.

1. Net Type (Please tick one box) Single……... Double.......... Triple............ Quad............. Five………..

Please specify Month/Year of changes

.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

....../20...... M/Y

.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

....../20...... M/Y

.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

....../20...... M/Y

2. Total Net Head Rope Length ………..…(fm) ………..…(fm) ………..…(fm) ………..…(fm) Please specify Month/Year of changes ....../20...... M/Y ....../20...... M/Y ....../20...... M/Y

3. Net mesh size (inches) .............…. (in) ............….. (in) .......…....... (in) ......…........ (in)

Please specify Month/Year of changes ....../20...... M/Y ....../20...... M/Y ....../20...... M/Y

4. Did/Do you use knotless mesh?

No Yes

No Yes

....../20...... M/Y

No Yes

....../20...... M/Y

No Yes

....../20...... M/Y5. Ground Gear Type (tick box) Drop chain....................................... Drop mud rope................................ Drop chain with sliding rings.......... Danglers or Christmas-tree drops... Looped ground chain...................... Drop rope with chain......................

Other (please specify)......................... Please Specify Month/Year of changes

.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

........................

.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

........................

....../20...... M/Y

.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

........................

....../20...... M/Y

.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

........................

....../20...... M/Y6. Ground line specification Maximum gauge of chain (mm) Style of chain link (please circle one style)

…………(mm) Short/regular/long




Do you use Stainless steel chain? Yes No

Yes No

Yes No

Yes No

Please Specify Month/Year of changes ....../20...... M/Y ....../20...... M/Y ....../20...... M/Y7. Otter-boards types (tick box)

Bison............................. Louvre.......................... Flat Timber................... Flat Timber-steel ......... Kilfoil........................... Collins……...................

Other (please specify).......

.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

.......................

.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

.......................

.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

........................

.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

........................

Please specify Month/Year of changes ....../20...... M/Y ....../20...... M/Y ....../20...... M/Y8. Otter-board dimensions

Length (feet).................

Height (feet).................

...............(ft)

...............(ft)

...............(ft)

...............(ft)

...............(ft)

...............(ft)

...............(ft)

...............(ft)

Please Specify Month/Year of changes ....../20...... M/Y ....../20...... M/Y ....../20...... M/Y

178

Torres Strait Tiger / Endeavour Prawn Fishery Trawl-Gear Please answer questions row by row.





.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

....../20...... M/Y

.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

....../20...... M/Y

.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

....../20...... M/Y





No Yes

No Yes

....../20...... M/Y

No Yes

....../20...... M/Y

No Yes



.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

........................

.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

........................

....../20...... M/Y

.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

........................

....../20...... M/Y

.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

........................







Yes No

Yes No

Yes No




.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

.......................

.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

.......................

.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

........................

.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

........................


Length (feet).................

Height (feet).................

...............(ft)

...............(ft)

...............(ft)

...............(ft)

...............(ft)

...............(ft)

...............(ft)

...............(ft)


179

The Eastern King Prawn Fishery (Waters shallower than 50 fathoms)

Trawl-Gear Please answer questions row by row.





.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

....../20...... M/Y

.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

....../20...... M/Y

.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

....../20...... M/Y





No Yes

No Yes

....../20...... M/Y

No Yes

....../20...... M/Y

No Yes



.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

........................

.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

........................

....../20...... M/Y

.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

........................

....../20...... M/Y

.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

........................







Yes No

Yes No

Yes No




.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

.......................

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........................

.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

........................


Length (feet).................

Height (feet).................

...............(ft)

...............(ft)

...............(ft)

...............(ft)

...............(ft)

...............(ft)

...............(ft)

...............(ft)


180

The Eastern King Prawn Fishery (Waters deeper than 50 fathoms) Trawl-Gear Please answer questions row by row.





.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

....../20...... M/Y

.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

....../20...... M/Y

.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

....../20...... M/Y





No Yes

No Yes

....../20...... M/Y

No Yes

....../20...... M/Y

No Yes



.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

........................

.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

........................

....../20...... M/Y

.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

........................

....../20...... M/Y

.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

........................







Yes No

Yes No

Yes No




.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

.......................

.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

.......................

.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

........................

.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

........................


Length (feet).................

Height (feet).................

...............(ft)

...............(ft)

...............(ft)

...............(ft)

...............(ft)

...............(ft)

...............(ft)

...............(ft)


181

The Saucer Scallop Fishery Trawl-Gear Please answer questions row by row.





.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

....../20...... M/Y

.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

....../20...... M/Y

.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

....../20...... M/Y





No Yes

No Yes

....../20...... M/Y

No Yes

....../20...... M/Y

No Yes



.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

........................

.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

........................

....../20...... M/Y

.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

........................

....../20...... M/Y

.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

........................







Yes No

Yes No

Yes No




.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

.......................

.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

.......................

.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

........................

.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

........................


Length (feet).................

Height (feet).................

...............(ft)

...............(ft)

...............(ft)

...............(ft)

...............(ft)

...............(ft)

...............(ft)

...............(ft)


182

The Northern Prawn Fishery






.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

....../20...... M/Y

.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

....../20...... M/Y

.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

....../20...... M/Y





No Yes

No Yes

....../20...... M/Y

No Yes

....../20...... M/Y

No Yes



.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

........................

.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

........................

....../20...... M/Y

.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

........................

....../20...... M/Y

.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

........................







Yes No

Yes No

Yes No




.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

.......................

.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

.......................

.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

........................

.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

........................


Length (feet).................

Height (feet).................

...............(ft)

...............(ft)

...............(ft)

...............(ft)

...............(ft)

...............(ft)

...............(ft)

...............(ft)


183

The Red Spot King Prawn Fishery (Qld East Coast)






.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

....../20...... M/Y

.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

....../20...... M/Y

.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

....../20...... M/Y





No Yes

No Yes

....../20...... M/Y

No Yes

....../20...... M/Y

No Yes



.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

........................

.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

........................

....../20...... M/Y

.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

........................

....../20...... M/Y

.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

........................







Yes No

Yes No

Yes No




.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

.......................

.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

.......................

.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

........................

.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

........................


Length (feet).................

Height (feet).................

...............(ft)

...............(ft)

...............(ft)

...............(ft)

...............(ft)

...............(ft)

...............(ft)

...............(ft)


184

185

Additional Comments

1. Do you have a hopper on board your vessel?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. Do you have any comments on factors that you believe effects your vessel fishing performance?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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3. Do you have any comments on bycatch reduction devices (BRD)or turtle exclusion devices (TED)use in the eastern king prawn, tiger prawn or scallop fisheries?

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……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4. How do you think the Queensland Department of Primary Industries could improve the extension of

research results to the fishing industry? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5. Do you have any other comments? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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Fishing power and catch rates in the Queensland east coast ... · Department of Primary Industries...

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Transcript of Fishing power and catch rates in the Queensland east coast ... · Department of Primary Industries...