FISHES OF SWITZERLAND, MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY · Carp, Cyprinus carpio During the Middle Ages, food...
Transcript of FISHES OF SWITZERLAND, MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY · Carp, Cyprinus carpio During the Middle Ages, food...
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CH - 1131 Tolochenaz | Tél: +41 (0)21 802 20 75
Route de Genève | Le Boiron | C.P. 88
www.maisondelariviere.ch
Route de Presinge 150
CH – 1254 Jussy | Tél: +41 (0)22 546 68 87
www.hesge.ch/hepia [email protected]
FISHES OF SWITZERLAND,
MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY
Survey and investigations in lakes
DR JEAN-FRANÇOIS RUBIN,
Prof HES et Président de la Fondation
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Table of contents
Description of the habitat Lake type Formation Spatio-temporal evolution
Origin of the fish
Fishing in lakes
Monitoring Fishing statistics Gill nets Ecosounding Diving
• Skin diving • Submarine
Examples The Arctic charr in Lake Geneva The Whitefish in Lake Joux
Practice Gill net survey Analysis of statistical fishing data
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Description of the habitat
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Typology
Temporary pond= Water body that sometimes dries up
Pond = Water body without different thermic layers
Lake = water surface div ided into two water bodies with temperatures that vary according to the season
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Typology based on fish composition
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Typology based on flora composition
Charion Potamion
Lemnion Nymphaeion
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Mountain lake
• Diatomae, green algae on the banks
• Some macrophyte
• Char, coregonids , trout
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Low altitude lake
• Sometimes eutrophic, bottom with mud
• Phytoplancton frequent, macrophytes on the edges
• Cyprinids , perch, pike
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Evolution
Lake Bienne in 4’000 ans
Lake Geneva in 30-50’000 ans
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Lake Geneva Origin
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Dinosaurs never drank the water of Lake Geneva
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15’000 years ago, A geological revolution
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Lake and glaciers
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Lake habitat
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Physicochemical parameters
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Water temperature
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Air temperature Situation in Switzerland
Années au-dessus de la moyenne 1961-1990 Tendance en Suisse 1864-2011 Tendance dans l’hémisphère nord (terres) 1864-2011
Années au-dessous de la moyenne 1961-1990 Tendance en Suisse 1961-2011
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Lake water temperature
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Oxygen
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Oxygen W
ate
r d
en
sity
Water temperature°C
Late winter
Early winter
Summer
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Oxygen
Oxygen concentration at -309 m Limit depth of oxygen 4 mg/l
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Phophorus
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Eutrophication
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Eutrophication
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Situation in Switzerland
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Evolution in Lake Geneva
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Physicochemical monitoring of Lake
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Evolution of the lake shores
Veveyse 1886
today
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Evolution of the lake shores
Ouchy 1887
Ouchy today
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Evolution of the lake shores
Montreux vers 1860
Montreux today
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Evolution of the lake shores
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Vegetation
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Land planning
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Origin of the fishes
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Origin of the fish species in Lake Geneva
Native fish
Introduced fish
14 species
16 species
30 species
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How to research the origin ?
Historical data
Archeological data
Fishing statistics
Scientific s tudies
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Example of introduced
species
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Carp, Cyprinus carpio
During the Middle Ages, food allowed during fasting were:
• fish
• amphibians
• crayfish and …
• beavers !
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The Gold fish
Jeanne Antoinette Poisson, Marquise de Pompadour
Shéhérazade
1730 in France
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The Cat fish
From Canada….
To Lake Geneva
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The main groups
Salmonids
Cyprinids
The others…
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Evolution of the catch
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Evolution of the catch
For many years
Fish = Economical ressource
Unclear systematic
Many common names
Management based on economy
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Evolution of the catch
In Lake Geneva, 30 species
… only 5 commercially fished
Economical species… managed
Other species… less or not managed
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Evolution of the catch
Interest only for fishing
Action on one species
Stocking
Interest for biodivers ity
Action on the habitat
Renaturation
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Evolution of the catch
Common biais in the management: Construction of fish ladder
Action after a pollution
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Fishing in lakes
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Fishing in lakes
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Fish monitoring
• Fishing statistics
• Gill nets
• Ecosounding
• Diving
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Fishing statistics
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Fishing statistics
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Fish monitoring
• Fishing statistics
• Gill nets
• Ecosounding
• Diving
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Gill nets
Gill nets are selective depending on the mesh used
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Gill nets
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Gill nets
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Gill nets
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Gill nets
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Gill nets
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Gill nets
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Gill nets
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Gill nets
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Fish monitoring
• Fishing statistics
• Gill nets
• Ecosounding
• Diving
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Ecosounding
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Ecosounding
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Ecosounding
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Fish monitoring
• Fishing statistics
• Gill nets
• Ecosounding
• Diving
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Diving