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Transcript of Fisheries management as a regional business -The case of Norway Paper presented to: EAFE, Rome 5-7...
Fisheries management as a Fisheries management as a regional businessregional business
-The case of Norway-The case of Norway
Paper presented to: EAFE, RomePaper presented to: EAFE, Rome
5-75-7thth April 2004 April 2004
Torbjørn Trondsen, Torbjørn Trondsen,
NFH, University of Tromso, NorwayNFH, University of Tromso, Norway
& &
James A Young.James A Young.
University of Stirling, ScotlandUniversity of Stirling, Scotland
T. Trondsen fishmarketinT. Trondsen fishmarketing.comg.com
Fisheries management as a regioFisheries management as a regional businessnal business
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PlanPlan
• Background to the case for market Background to the case for market orientationorientation
• Pertinent trends in Norwegian fisheriesPertinent trends in Norwegian fisheries
• The relative position of North NorwayThe relative position of North Norway
• An alternative model: concept & An alternative model: concept & applicationapplication
• ConclusionsConclusions
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Background to the case for Background to the case for market orientationmarket orientation
• Property rights valuesProperty rights values
• Resource rent management & Resource rent management & allocationallocation
• Property rights & fish business Property rights & fish business development development
• Governmental motivation to act Governmental motivation to act
• Political & industry pressure groupsPolitical & industry pressure groups
• EU ?EU ?
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Pertinent trends in Norwegian Pertinent trends in Norwegian fisheriesfisheries
• Decline in number Decline in number of fishermen & of fishermen & vesselsvessels
• Increased engine Increased engine capacity capacity
• Concentration of Concentration of fishing activities fishing activities
• Regional imbalance Regional imbalance of effort & catchof effort & catch
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0
3000
6000
9000
12000
15000
18000
21000
24000
27000
30000
1981 1985 1989 1993 1997 2001
År/Year
Fa
rtø
y/V
es
se
ls
Aktive fartøy/ Active vessels Alle/ Total
Total horsepower in the Norwegian fishing fleet
500 000
1 000 000
1 500 000
2 000 000
1971 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2001
År
HP
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001
År/Year
Fis
ka
rar/
Fis
he
rme
n
Hovudyrke /Main occupation Alle /Total
Fishermen
Vessels
Engine capacity<14000
Trends in Trends in Norwegian Norwegian fisheriesfisheries
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Concentration of pelagic fishing rights: Concentration of pelagic fishing rights: Owners and regionsOwners and regions
Capacity shares of licensed pelagic vessels 1971-2002
0 %
5 %
10 %
15 %
20 %
25 %
30 %
35 %
40 %
45 %
50 %
Hordaland M&R Northern Norw ay Other
1971
2002
Capacity pelagic fisheries 1971-2002
0
100
200
300
400
1971 2002
Nu
mb
er
0200000400000600000800000100000012000001400000
Number ofvessels
Loading capacityin HL
Entry regulation
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Pelagic fishing groundsPelagic fishing groundsSpring herring
Capelin
Blue whiting
Mackerel
North Sea Herring
Hordaland: Pelagic capitol Catch
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The relative position of North The relative position of North NorwayNorway
Catches 2001
Finnmark
Northern Norway
Ålesund: Factory trawler fleet capital
Saithe
Haddock
Cod
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The relative position of North Norway: share of total Norwegian cod catch
North Norwegian shares of total Norwegian landings of whitefish 1968-2002
0 %
10 %
20 %
30 %
40 %
50 %
60 %
70 %
80 %
Pct Northern Norway
Finnmark's share of total Norwegian landings of white fish 1968-2002
0,0 %
5,0 %
10,0 %
15,0 %
20,0 %
25,0 %
30,0 %
Pct Finmark of total
Entry regulation coastal fishing vessels
Northern Norway
Finnmark
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An alternative model: tAn alternative model: the he drivers for change drivers for change • Closure of fisheries due to overcapacityClosure of fisheries due to overcapacity• Fishing rights tradedFishing rights traded• Expansion in factory vessels (auto longliners) and Expansion in factory vessels (auto longliners) and
big purse seiners in Western Norway big purse seiners in Western Norway • Localization of fishing rights a function of capital and market Localization of fishing rights a function of capital and market
controlcontrol• Investment in overcapacity rewarded with fishing rights.Investment in overcapacity rewarded with fishing rights.
• Exit of Coastal fishers without individual quotas Exit of Coastal fishers without individual quotas • Weak regional management of fishing rightsWeak regional management of fishing rights
– Former county fishery administration taken over by the Former county fishery administration taken over by the governmental Directorate of Fisheries in Bergengovernmental Directorate of Fisheries in Bergen
– Norwegian Fishermen’s Association dominated by “quota Norwegian Fishermen’s Association dominated by “quota barons” & influence over Fishery Management Policybarons” & influence over Fishery Management Policy
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An alternative modelAn alternative model: North Norway’s : North Norway’s demandsdemands
• Regional & Societal ownershipRegional & Societal ownership• Fairer regional allocation of fishing Fairer regional allocation of fishing
rightsrights• Efficient economic utilization of Efficient economic utilization of
resources resources • Value adding in the coastal Value adding in the coastal
communitiescommunities• Compatibility with prospective EU Compatibility with prospective EU
frameworks?frameworks?
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An alternative model: An alternative model: backgroundbackground
• The main ideas publishedThe main ideas published – Toward Market Orientation: The Toward Market Orientation: The
role of auctioning individual role of auctioning individual seasonal quotas (ISQ). seasonal quotas (ISQ). Marine Marine PolicyPolicy-(in press):-(in press):
– Fisheries Management and Fisheries Management and Market Oriented Value adding Market Oriented Value adding (MOVA). (MOVA). Marine Resource Marine Resource Economics Economics Vol. 16 No. 1. (2001):Vol. 16 No. 1. (2001):
• Experiences from.Experiences from.– EU’s regional co-EU’s regional co-
management systemsmanagement systems– Regional/group quotas Regional/group quotas
management in the US & management in the US & NZNZ
– Japanese co-managementJapanese co-management• Norwegian attitudes Norwegian attitudes
regarding regional and regarding regional and fisheries management and fisheries management and policypolicy
• General Model SCP : General Model SCP : – StructureStructure
– ConductConduct
– PerformancePerformance
• Region as a value Region as a value adding competition adding competition arenaarena
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An alternative model:An alternative model: Regional business Regional business management of fishing management of fishing rightsrights
• Regional Resource Enterprises (RRE)Regional Resource Enterprises (RRE)– Owned by County authority (eg Norwegian Owned by County authority (eg Norwegian
Energy)Energy)– Non transferable license leasing contracts to Non transferable license leasing contracts to
individual fishermenindividual fishermen
• Quota asset value and Quota asset value and leasing leasing income income = resource rent for regional development= resource rent for regional development
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ALLOCATION MODELS OF FISHING RIGHTS
Regional management Vessel Group management
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An alternative model: applicationAn alternative model: application of of RREs & consequences for fishing RREs & consequences for fishing operationsoperations
• No extra barriers on grounds or No extra barriers on grounds or landing portslanding ports
• Opportunity for flexible combinations Opportunity for flexible combinations of leasesof leases
• Greater involvement of individual Greater involvement of individual fishermen & industry participantsfishermen & industry participants
• More stable competitive frameworkMore stable competitive framework
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An alternative model: applicationAn alternative model: application of of RREs & consequences for fishing RREs & consequences for fishing operationsoperations
• Better focus on market oriented Better focus on market oriented value addingvalue adding
• Compliance with PO & co-Compliance with PO & co-management trendsmanagement trends
• Compatibility with emergent EU CFP?Compatibility with emergent EU CFP?
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ConclusionsConclusions
• Limits on enthusiasm for change in existing Limits on enthusiasm for change in existing power centrespower centres
• Local initiatives necessaryLocal initiatives necessary– Co-existence of regional & standard vessel group Co-existence of regional & standard vessel group
management models? management models? • Regional variations possible Regional variations possible
– Finnmark and W Norway – different models?Finnmark and W Norway – different models?• Political and Industry studies - reviews Political and Industry studies - reviews
ongoingongoing• Finnmark County currently leading – but wider Finnmark County currently leading – but wider
transnational considerations may dominate?transnational considerations may dominate?