fish birds amphibians reptiles and...
Transcript of fish birds amphibians reptiles and...
fish birds amphibians reptiles and mammals.notebook
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April 23, 2012
Apr 2310:24 PM
JAWLESS FISH
LampreyHag Fish
• The bony plates are used for protection However they are inhibiting when rapid swimming is required.
• They have no true skeleton
• Their endoskeleton was cartilaginous but the are covered with small bony plates.
• These animals are long, slender eel like creatures.
• These animals exist either as bottom scavengers or parasites of other fish.
• They use a muscular pharynx to suck food into their mouths and to exchange gases in respiration.
• Their gill slits are permanently open.
lampreys
lamprey
Hag fish
Apr 2310:25 PM
sponges
Apr 2310:26 PM
Cartilaginous Fish• Cartilaginous fish were the first jawed fish
• The present Cartilaginous fish include the sharks, skates and rays.
• A ventral jaw with replaceable teeth. The limited mobility of the jaw means that the shark must thrash around to break up its prey
• Cartilaginous fish have an entire skeleton made of cartilage
• Cartilage is a soft, flexible materialEnd of your nose, ears
• Gill Slits: openings to the gills
• Spiracles: openings that allow water to enter gill chamber.
Located behind the eye
• The fins are more ridged than in bony fish.
• Pectoral fins in sharks provide lift.
Nat Geo Shark
Apr 2310:27 PM
SKATES & RAYS• Many species are bottomdwellers
• Stingrays have a spine at the base of the tail that can inflict a stab wound
• Skates do not have spines
• Both eat crustaceans and mollusks
Manta Rayskate
Apr 2310:27 PM
SHARKS
• Group is more than 300 million years old
• Lateral line organ Used to detect
motion in the water
• The teeth are constantly replaced
• Many sharks have to swim as they can not pump water over their gills
• Sharks must continually swim to avoid sinking.
• Males use claspers to transfer sperm to females
• Claspers are located between the pelvic fin and body
• All sharks have eggs
• Some species have eggs that hatch internally and are born live
• Some species lay an egg case known as a Mermaid’s Purse
Apr 2310:28 PM
Bony Fish• Skeleton made of bone
• Have vertebrae
• Have scales covered with mucus
• Barrier against infection and reduces friction with the water
• Found in every aquatic environment
• Gills are Located under a protective flap called the operculum
• Their body temperature depends on the temperature of the environment, which means they are ectothermic.
• Bony fish have a swim bladder
• Neutral buoyancy is when the fish neither sinks or floats
• The swim bladder contracts and fish sinks, bladder expands and fish rises
• Pelagic refers to those living in the middle of the water column, open ocean
• Benthic refers to those living on the bottom
fish birds amphibians reptiles and mammals.notebook
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BONY FISH
• Reperduction takes place during spawning
• Sperm and eggs are released into the water, fertilization can also take place internally
• Eggs can develop both floating and attached to a substrate
• Bony fish can be Parasitic PredatoryStrainers (planktoneaters)Suckers (use change in volume to suck
prey into mouth)
• Bony fish have a oneway digestive system coupled with a closed circulatory system and 2chambered heart
Bony Fish
Apr 2310:29 PM
• walk on four legs• swim• slither
REPTILES• Around 88,500 species
• Reptiles have endoskeletons with scales
• Like humans, All reptiles breathe using lungs
• Adaptations allow some reptiles to hold massive amounts of oxygen.
• Movement occurs in various ways
• Most reptiles reproduce sexually, though some are capable of asexual reproduction.
• Most reptiles lay eggs covered with leathery shells.The egg provides all nutrients however offers little protection however it provides minimal protection from environmental factors.
What are some different ways reptiles move
They are coldblooded, which makes it difficult because they must avoid both high and low temperatures.
DISADVANTAGE:
ADVANTAGE:They have really thick skin that helps keep water in. They spend time moving around, looking for shady areas.
Gliding Reptiles
Large reptiles
Apr 2310:30 PM
Reptiles• Relatively similar to humans. The digestive system is composed of the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, and glands. In mammals, the esophagus is very muscular and moves food to the stomach. In the snake, however, the esophagus has very little muscle and food is moved to the stomach more by movement of the entire body.
Digestion
Circulatory
• Closed circulatory system• Most reptiles have a threechamber heart.• Crocodilians have an anatomically fourchambered heart
snake eating frog
Apr 2310:30 PM
AMPHIBIANS• There are 6,433 species of known amphibians
• They are coldblooded animals characterized byhaving moist glandular skin which iscapable of absorbing oxygen into the body.
• On land amphibians use lungs.
• They have endoskeletons.
• Most amphibians are prefer to come out at night.
• The young go through metamorphosis. (theypass through a larval stage beforebecoming an adult)
• All adult amphibians are carnivores.
• An amphibian reproduces sexually.
• The eggs are fertilized outside of the mother'sbody. The mother lays the eggs which arein a jellylike layer.
• Amphibian's eggs are laid in moist areas.
Apr 2310:31 PM
AmphibiansDigestion
Nervous
CirculatoryAn amphibian takes in food through the mouth. The frog has a long tongue that it whips out and grabs insects with. It has a digestive system with stomach, intestines.
An amphibian has a brain and nervous system. It has two eyes, with a third extra protective eyelid for when it is on land.
A amphibian is cold blooded so its body temperature is the same as its surrounding environment.
amphibians
green frog
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BIRDS• Birds (class Aves) are bipedal, warmblooded, vertebrate animals that lay eggs.
• There are about 10,000 living species of birds
• Birds Breathe using Lungs.
• Endoskeleton with skin covered with feathers
• Reproduce Sexually
• All birds lay eggs with hard shells.
• Bipedalism where an organism moves by means of its two rear limbs.
• Of course most fly, but not all
• Birds have hollow bones to assist with flight
Apr 2310:32 PM
BIRDS• Birds, like mammals, have a 4chambered heart (2 atria & 2 ventricles)• Birds have very efficient cardiovascular systems that permit them to meet the metabolic demands of flight (and running, swimming, or diving).
CirculatoryThe cardiovascular system not only delivers oxygen to body cells (and removes metabolic wastes) but also plays an important role in maintaining a bird's body temperature
Cardiovascular
• Crop enlargement of the esophagus • Stomach• Gizzardtraps indigestible matter
Digestion
Apr 2310:33 PM
BIRDSeagle hatching
Apr 2310:34 PM
Mammals• Mammals contain Sweat Glands
• Advanced species brain (neo cortex)
• Warmblooded
• There are about 5,400 species of mammals
• They have an endoskeleton covered with skin and hair.
• They have developed muscles and generally four limbsattached
• They use their limbs to walk, climb, swim, and fly.
• Humans are bipedal because we walk on our two rearlimbs.
• A mammal reproduces sexually with the female beingfertilized by the male internally. Mammals have livebirth and care for their young for quite a time afterbirth.
• They feed their babies milk.
• Except for 3 species, mammals give birth to live young
They are the platypus and shortbeaked echidna of Australia, and the longbeaked echidna of Papua New Guinea. The echidna is sometimes called the spiny anteater.
What mammals lay eggs?
Apr 2310:35 PM
Mammals
Has lungs and breathes in oxygen and gives off carbon dioxide
RESPIRATION
A mammal has a developed digestive tract with mouth, teeth, stomach, intestines. Herbivores eat plants, carnivores eat meat and omnivores eat both
• Closed circulatory system• 4 chambered heart with blood vessels and arteries
Circulatory
Digestionblue whale
blue whale
Apr 2310:36 PM
Mammals