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ANABOLIC STEROID-

Dynamics, Kinetics, Mechanisms, Adverse Effects and Abuse

Smithas dialog

There are among worlds controversial drugs, not coke, heroin or crystal meth but

anabolic steroid. Millions have used anabolic steroids, including that u least suspect. No

drug was so reviled yet so misunderstood

Anabolic steroid is banned in many country yet millions of peo ple using it illegally.

Physiologist believe that steroid can push the physiologic limit of muscle, making it

bigger, faster and stronger than it could get naturally

Hence, In this unique pharmacology presentation, A DEDICATED TEAM OF FINAL

YEAR STUDENTS IN MONASH EXPLORES

We explore the

Dynamics,

Kinetics,

Mechanisms,

Adverse Effects

and Abuse of anabolic steroid

SO , wat is anabolic steroid and how does the molecular structure look like

SHAZ: Anabolic steroids, are drugs which mimic the effects of the hormones

testosterone and dihydrotestosterone

One liner and all once


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The first steroid we will look at is testosterone, an androgenic steroid produced mainly in thegonads, and to a smaller extent, in the adrenal cortex. Testosterone has one of the simpler

structures of all the steroid molecules:

Nandrolone differs from Testosterone in only one aspect- the methyl (CH3) group has been

removed from C10 and replaced by a hydrogen (not shown).


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SMITHA: Now we explore how anabolic steroid interacts with humans physiologic

response dynamics

Steroids hormones are not water soluble; hence they travel in blood attached to protein

carriers. When they reach their target cells, they dissociate from their protein carriers and pas

through the plasma membrane of the cells. Some steroid hormones, bind to specific protein

receptor in cytoplasm and move as hormone receptor complex into the nucleus. Other

steroids travels directly into nucleus before encountering receptor protein which is not shown

here . The hormone receptor protein activated by binding t0 the hormone, is now able to bind

to specific region of the DNA which is known as hormone response element. The binding of

hormone -0receptor complex has direct effect on the level of transcription at the site where

mRNA produced which codes for synthesis of specific protein

Great so how does anabolic steroid affect human body

Before I answer this question I would like to explain the naturally building of muscle which

is the protein synthesis process..Now observed closely ..

Steroid affect the body by enhancing the natural process of muscle building, the key for

building muscle is protein synthesis, and cellular repair.

Skeletal muscle made of longfibrous chain, containing proteins; bundles of thousand of fibres make up the muscle itself.

When an athlete engages in heavy workout, this structure is damaged causing mirotears in

crossing fibres. The body naturally repairs the damage by mending the torn fibres, , the result,

the muscle that is larger and stronger than before. With additional workout the athletes adds

bulk, strength and speed. With steroid, muscle repairs can come faster, much faster,

So you are telling steroid infers with the normal building of muscle

Arvin yes .. in a specific way which im gonna illustrate in a while

For unknown reason, when an athletes trains intensely, natural testosterone level in the body

drop precipitously sometimes to the level of castrated man, the body also releases another

hormones called glucocorticoids to reduce inflammation. But glucocorticoids have second

effect, they are catabolic meaning they break down muscle tissue, its a double whammy


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against the muscle, DROP IN TESTOSTERONE and increase in muscle wasting hormone.

Steroid affects the hormone balance in 2 ways

a) First the replenish testosterone, after a workout accelerating muscle repair,b) They also blocks muscle wasting effects of glucocorticoids, the results, the muscle is

getting bigger and stronger. \

c) For athletes, inhibiting these two roadblocks provides a huge advantage.

IT comes.. It work and where does it goes WE have reaches the kinetics

ADME ..

Absorption usually via intramuscular injection . Oral where the lattercan

cause more pronounce side effects.

Distribution . Testosterone administered orally is rapidly absorbed, but it is largelyconverted to inactive metabolites, and only about 1/6 is available in active form

.

The

intramuscular injection steroid will be released into systemic circulation in a particular

time which varies according to each steroid types

Metabolism :

Usually Testosterone is converted in the body into Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) by the liver

using the enzyme 5-alpha reductase (5-AR).

During this reaction, the double bond between C4 and C5 is reduced to a single bond, and

two new hydrogen atoms are added, one each to C4 and C5 .

This applies to most steroids where it will be converted into its corresponding metabolites EGNandrolone into Dihydronandrolone

Excretion.. urine la , wat else


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The muscle building process is fantastic . Wat about the side effect

Me .. im gonna explain in 2 part .. short term and long term ..

Men may experience a number of cosmetics changes, they can include severe acne on the

back, as well on the face

Gynacomasteia, the accumulation of fat under the nipples causing the breasts to swell

and testicular atrophy, the shrinking of testicles to half of their normal size,

For woman, the androgenic, or the masculinising effects are more pronounced includimng

male pattern baldness, growt of facial hair and even permanent deeping of voice, , te breast

may also shrink , and the clitoris enlarged

GOSHH thats is some serious side effects especially for womans Is these side

effects permanent.

Nope for guys it is reversible with the discontinuation of steroid use as their

normal testosterone level increase. Unfortunately for females, most of side effects are

permanent.

Now we move into the permanent side effect

On the outside the steroid user might just look bigger, more masculine but on the insidedoctors believe this could happen , one type of oral steroid have been linked to tumours and

cancers of liver , others have suffered rare condition called peliosis hepatitis where blood

filled cyst formed on liver and can ruptured causing internal bleeding .. Some studies also

suggest that tumour also can form on kidneys , decreasing function , as the body losses the

ability to filter the blood, toxin build up , lead to fluid retention , increased blood pressure and

eventually kidney failure

But even more alarming is the effects of steroid on the heart. Steroids can dramatically alter

cholesterol level; increase the risk of heart attack and stroke


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For years, doctor have suspected the link between steroids and heart problems

Steroids lowers the levels of HDL cholesterol in the blood stream , which protects the hearts

from cardiovascular heart disease

Many steroid user may look perfectly healthy on the outside , but inside can tell a different

story

Steroids can also dramatically raise bad cholesterol or LDL . this can cause the hardening of

the artery and a significance built-up of plaks along the artery wall

As plak cloughs the artery , blood flows is restricted .. if left unchecked it can cause a heart

attack

Likewise if any plaks breaks off.. it can lodge in smaller blood vessels causing a heart attack

or stroke

Abuse

AT the 2006 summer Olympic Sydney the American tracking field star marion jones won 5

medals sport world crowned her the greatest femal athelete in the world

However in 2007 . she admitted to use steroid while training for summer game .. her world

record were invalidated , her medals forfeited .. she later announces retirement in sport

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