First Results from Thermal Kinetic Inductance Detectors ...
Transcript of First Results from Thermal Kinetic Inductance Detectors ...
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First Results from
Thermal Kinetic Inductance Detectors:
Highly Multiplexible Bolometric
MKIDs for X-ray Spectroscopy
G. Ulbricht, B.A. Mazin, P. Szypryt, A. B. Walter, C. Bockstiegel
Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
LTD-16, Grenoble, July 21, 2015
Thermal Kinetic Inductance Detectors for X-Ray Spectroscopy G. Ulbricht, B.A. Mazin, P. Szypryt, A. B. Walter, C. Bockstiegel
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Thermal Kinetic Inductance Detectors for X-Ray Spectroscopy G. Ulbricht, B.A. Mazin, P. Szypryt, A. B. Walter, C. Bockstiegel
Why TKIDs for X-ray detection?
TKIDs
Thermal Kinetic Inductance Detectors (TKIDs):
· single pixel energy resolution an utilize frequency domain multiplexing
· usable in a big energy / wavelength range
· can utilize frequency domain multiplexing
· no read noise
· ……… promising as
X-ray detectors!
TKID vs. TES:
TES: · impressive energy resolution
· high time resolution
· multiplexing is complex and
challenging
TKID: · comparable time resolution
· much easier to multiplex
· energy resolution: …..
ideal where spatial resolution is required!
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Thermal Kinetic Inductance Detectors for X-Ray Spectroscopy G. Ulbricht, B.A. Mazin, P. Szypryt, A. B. Walter, C. Bockstiegel
TKID design
TKIDs
Many X-ray photons would penetrate the
superconductor
Microcalorimeter: inductor & absorber on
a free floating Si3N4 membrane
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Thermal Kinetic Inductance Detectors for X-Ray Spectroscopy G. Ulbricht, B.A. Mazin, P. Szypryt, A. B. Walter, C. Bockstiegel
TKIDs
TKID design
: sub-stoichiometric TiNx
Many X-ray photons would penetrate the
superconductor
Microcalorimeter: inductor & absorber on
a free floating Si3N4 membrane
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Thermal Kinetic Inductance Detectors for X-Ray Spectroscopy G. Ulbricht, B.A. Mazin, P. Szypryt, A. B. Walter, C. Bockstiegel
TKIDs
TKID design
: sub-stoichiometric TiNx
: Si3N4 (etched with XeF2)
Many X-ray photons would penetrate the
superconductor
Microcalorimeter: inductor & absorber on
a free floating Si3N4 membrane
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Thermal Kinetic Inductance Detectors for X-Ray Spectroscopy G. Ulbricht, B.A. Mazin, P. Szypryt, A. B. Walter, C. Bockstiegel
TKIDs
TKID design
: sub-stoichiometric TiNx
: Si3N4 (etched with XeF2)
: absorber (Ta or Au)
Many X-ray photons would penetrate the
superconductor
Microcalorimeter: inductor & absorber on
a free floating Si3N4 membrane
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Thermal Kinetic Inductance Detectors for X-Ray Spectroscopy G. Ulbricht, B.A. Mazin, P. Szypryt, A. B. Walter, C. Bockstiegel
TKIDs
TKID design
: sub-stoichiometric TiNx
: Si3N4 (etched with XeF2)
: absorber (Ta or Au)
Many X-ray photons would penetrate the
superconductor
Microcalorimeter: inductor & absorber on
a free floating Si3N4 membrane
![Page 8: First Results from Thermal Kinetic Inductance Detectors ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022030107/621c92a6e1483257f410677d/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Thermal Kinetic Inductance Detectors for X-Ray Spectroscopy G. Ulbricht, B.A. Mazin, P. Szypryt, A. B. Walter, C. Bockstiegel
TKIDs
TKID design
: sub-stoichiometric TiNx
: Si3N4 (etched with XeF2)
: absorber (Ta or Au)
: Nb feedline & ground plane
Mushroom shaped absorbers planned,
current simple absorbers just to reduce
prototype complexity.
Bridges: 0.25 x 2 µm2 cross section
140 µm long
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Thermal Kinetic Inductance Detectors for X-Ray Spectroscopy G. Ulbricht, B.A. Mazin, P. Szypryt, A. B. Walter, C. Bockstiegel
Single photon pulses
Data analysis
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Thermal Kinetic Inductance Detectors for X-Ray Spectroscopy G. Ulbricht, B.A. Mazin, P. Szypryt, A. B. Walter, C. Bockstiegel
Single photon pulses
Data analysis
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Thermal Kinetic Inductance Detectors for X-Ray Spectroscopy G. Ulbricht, B.A. Mazin, P. Szypryt, A. B. Walter, C. Bockstiegel
Analysing max. pulse height doesn’t work.
Data analysis
140 150 160pulse max. [degrees]
no
. o
f e
ve
nts
140 150 160pulse max. [degrees]
no
. o
f e
ve
nts
pulse maximum [degrees]
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Thermal Kinetic Inductance Detectors for X-Ray Spectroscopy G. Ulbricht, B.A. Mazin, P. Szypryt, A. B. Walter, C. Bockstiegel
Data analysis
Pulse rise time depends on absorption location.
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Thermal Kinetic Inductance Detectors for X-Ray Spectroscopy G. Ulbricht, B.A. Mazin, P. Szypryt, A. B. Walter, C. Bockstiegel
Why fit pulses?
Pulse fitting
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Thermal Kinetic Inductance Detectors for X-Ray Spectroscopy G. Ulbricht, B.A. Mazin, P. Szypryt, A. B. Walter, C. Bockstiegel
Pulse fitting
Why fit pulses?
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Thermal Kinetic Inductance Detectors for X-Ray Spectroscopy G. Ulbricht, B.A. Mazin, P. Szypryt, A. B. Walter, C. Bockstiegel
Pulse fitting
Why fit pulses?
free parameters in pulse model: photon arrival time rise time
fall time max. membrane temperature
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Thermal Kinetic Inductance Detectors for X-Ray Spectroscopy G. Ulbricht, B.A. Mazin, P. Szypryt, A. B. Walter, C. Bockstiegel
Pulse model: resonance frequency over T
Pulse fitting
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Thermal Kinetic Inductance Detectors for X-Ray Spectroscopy G. Ulbricht, B.A. Mazin, P. Szypryt, A. B. Walter, C. Bockstiegel
Pulse model: phase shift over frequency
Pulse fitting
as measured
after feedline subtraction
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Thermal Kinetic Inductance Detectors for X-Ray Spectroscopy G. Ulbricht, B.A. Mazin, P. Szypryt, A. B. Walter, C. Bockstiegel
Pulse model: assumed temperature behaviour
Pulse fitting
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Thermal Kinetic Inductance Detectors for X-Ray Spectroscopy G. Ulbricht, B.A. Mazin, P. Szypryt, A. B. Walter, C. Bockstiegel
Pulse fitting
Pulse model: assumed temperature behaviour
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Thermal Kinetic Inductance Detectors for X-Ray Spectroscopy G. Ulbricht, B.A. Mazin, P. Szypryt, A. B. Walter, C. Bockstiegel
Pulse fitting
Pulse model: assumed temperature behaviour
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Thermal Kinetic Inductance Detectors for X-Ray Spectroscopy G. Ulbricht, B.A. Mazin, P. Szypryt, A. B. Walter, C. Bockstiegel
Pulse model construction
Pulse fitting
base temperature
increased temperature
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Thermal Kinetic Inductance Detectors for X-Ray Spectroscopy G. Ulbricht, B.A. Mazin, P. Szypryt, A. B. Walter, C. Bockstiegel
Pulse fitting
Pulse model construction
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Resolution of 75 eV at 5.9 keV, despite significant design flaws in first TKID prototype
Thermal Kinetic Inductance Detectors for X-Ray Spectroscopy G. Ulbricht, B.A. Mazin, P. Szypryt, A. B. Walter, C. Bockstiegel
Energy resolution still restrained by saturation
Achieved energy resolution
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Thermal Kinetic Inductance Detectors for X-Ray Spectroscopy G. Ulbricht, B.A. Mazin, P. Szypryt, A. B. Walter, C. Bockstiegel
Resonator saturation
Interaction between thermal design and critical temperature
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Thermal Kinetic Inductance Detectors for X-Ray Spectroscopy G. Ulbricht, B.A. Mazin, P. Szypryt, A. B. Walter, C. Bockstiegel
Resonator saturation
Interaction between thermal design and critical temperature
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Thermal Kinetic Inductance Detectors for X-Ray Spectroscopy G. Ulbricht, B.A. Mazin, P. Szypryt, A. B. Walter, C. Bockstiegel
Resonator sensitivity
Resonator saturation
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Thermal Kinetic Inductance Detectors for X-Ray Spectroscopy G. Ulbricht, B.A. Mazin, P. Szypryt, A. B. Walter, C. Bockstiegel
Wrong thermal design
Resonator saturation
too small heat capacity ΔTmembrane = 150 – 200 mK
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Thermal Kinetic Inductance Detectors for X-Ray Spectroscopy G. Ulbricht, B.A. Mazin, P. Szypryt, A. B. Walter, C. Bockstiegel
Wrong thermal design + high sensitivity = saturation
Resonator saturation
Simple extrapolation: We should be able to resolve
below 10 eV at 5.9 keV by eliminating saturation.
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Thermal Kinetic Inductance Detectors for X-Ray Spectroscopy G. Ulbricht, B.A. Mazin, P. Szypryt, A. B. Walter, C. Bockstiegel
How to eliminate saturation?
eliminating saturation:
reduce Qi:
reduces best achievable resolution
increase TiNx Tc:
reduces best achievable resolution
reduces heat capacity
increase measurement temperature:
already near upper limit
increases noise
reduce membrane heat capacity:
issues with Au absorber but
reduces best achievable resolution
…..
measure below resonance frequency:
Resonator saturation
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eliminating saturation:
reduce Qi:
reduces best achievable resolution
increase TiNx Tc:
reduces best achievable resolution
reduces heat capacity
increase measurement temperature:
already near upper limit
increases noise
reduce membrane heat capacity:
issues with Au absorber but
reduces best achievable resolution
…..
measure below resonance frequency:
Thermal Kinetic Inductance Detectors for X-Ray Spectroscopy G. Ulbricht, B.A. Mazin, P. Szypryt, A. B. Walter, C. Bockstiegel
How to eliminate saturation?
Resonator saturation
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Thermal Kinetic Inductance Detectors for X-Ray Spectroscopy G. Ulbricht, B.A. Mazin, P. Szypryt, A. B. Walter, C. Bockstiegel
Measurement below resonance.
driving a TKID below resonance frequency:
Resonator saturation
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Thermal Kinetic Inductance Detectors for X-Ray Spectroscopy G. Ulbricht, B.A. Mazin, P. Szypryt, A. B. Walter, C. Bockstiegel
No longer saturated but still high sensitivity.
Resonator saturation
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Thermal Kinetic Inductance Detectors for X-Ray Spectroscopy G. Ulbricht, B.A. Mazin, P. Szypryt, A. B. Walter, C. Bockstiegel
More challenging data analysis.
Work in progress.
Δf = 0 kHz Δf = -140 kHz
Δf = -540 kHz Δf = -340 kHz
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Thermal Kinetic Inductance Detectors for X-Ray Spectroscopy G. Ulbricht, B.A. Mazin, P. Szypryt, A. B. Walter, C. Bockstiegel
Many thanks to:
Everybody involved
Mazin group at UCSB:
Ben Mazin
Seth Meeker Matt Strader
Paul Szypryt Alex Walter Clint Bockstiegel
Giulia Collura
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Thermal Kinetic Inductance Detectors for X-Ray Spectroscopy G. Ulbricht, B.A. Mazin, P. Szypryt, A. B. Walter, C. Bockstiegel