First part FILARDI 1. students without answers ex.Mondrian ... · Innovative Learning Paths for...

Innovative Learning Paths for Clil towards a plurilingual education – 2016-2017 School of Art “M.Preti- A.Frangipane”- Reggio Calabria Teacher of Art History- Roberta Filardi Class 5C- Architecture and Environment

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Content: Piet Mondrian and De Stijl Movement ENTRY TEST or WARM -‐UP Ex.1. Look carefully at paintings numbers 1-‐2-‐3-‐ 4 and then do exercise n.2

1 2

3 4

Ex.2. Now match the subject listed in the box with the correct definition 1-‐4 (individual work and then in pairs). There are two extras subjects that you don’t need.

Portrait-‐ Abstract -‐ Landscape-‐ Still-‐ life-‐ Cityscape

1. The painting shows several colours and different type of lines, the subject is unrecognisable:

…………………………………...…………………… 2. The painting represents a realistic image of nature, with trees and a beautiful sunset :

………………………………………………………… 3. The painting represents only geometrical shapes and few colours, the subject is

unrecognisable: …………………………………………………………

4. The painting conveys a realistic view with buildings on the left and on the right of the canal where there are some venetian boats: …………………………………………………………


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LINES-‐ COLOURS-‐SPACE Ex.3. First look at the following images in which you can see different types of lines, the wheel of colours and its classification, then watch the video about space in painting and do exercises n. 3 (parts 1-‐2-‐3) and n.4a-‐4b (individual work and then in pairs) Ex.3 part.1.a Match each line with its correct definition curved-‐zig-‐zag-‐perpendicular-‐wavy-‐straight-‐dotted line-‐diagonal-‐horizontal-‐ parallel-‐ vertical-‐ interweaving lines-‐ straight

1 2 3 4 5 6

7 8 9 10 1.horizontal-‐parallel 2………………………….3……………………………4………………………………..5……………………….. 6……………………………….7………………………….8……………………………9……………………………….10………………………. Ex.3.part1.b What kind of lines do you think produce dynamism? Which produce one balance and equilibrium? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Ex.3.part 2. Look at the wheel colour and then read the text

Remember: Colour contrast contributes to stimulating emotion Colour value means the darkness or lightness of a colour. Tints are created by adding white to a colour (eg. pink is a tint of red) Shades are created by adding black to a colour Warm colours tend to make things closer Cool colours tend to recede See:http://thevirtualinstructor.com/members/interactive-‐color-‐wheel/

Ex.3.part 3. Watch video about space in painting http://thevirtualinstructor.com/space.html


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Ex. 4.a Finally, try to name the features related to each single painting (individual work and then in pairs) N1-‐ subject-‐ colours-‐ lines-‐ space Eg. The painting shows a natural landscape. The artist used different lines, especially curved or wavy, and a rich variety of colour values to suggest the depth of the space. There is a perspective with a vanish point on the centre of the canvas to represent the three-‐dimensional space. N2 subject-‐ colours-‐ lines-‐ space

N3 subject-‐ colours-‐ lines-‐ space

N.4 subject-‐ colours-‐ lines-‐ space


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Ex. 4.b. Look at these paintings below and try to explain why they are so different from each other. Which one do you think reminds you of an emotion? Why? (individual work and then in pairs)

FIRST PART Now look again carefully at this painting and do exercises n.5 and 6

First read the instructions for exercises 5 and 6. Then do these exercises


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Ex 5. Circle the correct word to complete the following questions and then write the correct answers (see ex. 6). There are two extras answers that you don’t need. (work individually and then in pairs) Questions Answers (see Exercise 6)

1. How much/many colours are used to create the painting?

2. Are there any /some natural or realistic elements represented in this painting?

3. Is the composition different from/different by other abstract artworks?

4. Because/Why did the painter create his paintings in this way?

5. Is there/There is any perspective or relationship between shapes and space?

Cfr. Teresa Ting, CLIL Materials and Methods, Università della Calabria, 2015, pp. 28-30. (Haptic exercise) • The word theosophy comes from the Greek words theos “god” and sophia “wisdom”. Literally, theosophy means

“divine wisdom.” The roots of this philosophy can be traced back to ancient Greek philosophy and medieval mysticism. The Theosophical Society was founded in New York in 1875 by Helena Petrovna Blavatsky. In Theosophy, lines, shapes, and colours symbolise the unity of spiritual and natural forces. Theosophists were interested in opposites as an expression of hidden unity.

Ex. 6. Now write the correct answers, next to the questions above. (There are two extra that you don’t need).

a. No, there is no perspective; the composition is organised only through squares or rectangular planes with flat colours organised in such a way that colours cannot contrast each other.

b. There are several colours with different contrasts and values c. The painting is really innovative compared with other abstract artworks because the

artist organised everything with a geometrical grid and an asymmetrical well balanced composition. This composition is called tableau or grid painting.

d. His purpose was to produce strong emotions e. There are few colours, the painter used only primary colours: red-‐blue and yellow f. No. There are only geometrical shapes, black straight lines and coloured planes g. His purpose was to reach harmony in art and in human life through the balance of

opposite elements, according to certain principles of Theosophy

• Value is defined as the relative lightness or darkness of a colour.


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Ex.7a-‐7b. Read the abstracts concerning, Avant-garde Neoplasticism and Piet Mondrian’s neoplastic painting. Then do the quiz about Mondrian’s style and Avant-garde Neoplasticism. https://create.kahoot.it (individual work and then check online) De Stijl, Dutch for “The Style”, also known as Neo-‐plasticism, was a Dutch artistic movement founded in 1917 and staked its place in the history of art and design at nearly the same time as its close counterparts Suprematism and Constructivism. The group’s principal members were the painters Theo Van Doesburg and Piet Mondrian with a number of others artists like Bart van der Leck and the architects Gerrit Rietveld and J.J.Pieter Oud contributing shortly after the movement’s birth. Proponents of De Stijl sought to express a new utopian ideal of spiritual harmony and order. They advocated pure abstraction and universality by a reduction to the essentials of form and colour; they simplified visual compositions to the vertical and horizontal directions, and used only primary colours along with black and white. De Stijl was built on the fundamental principle of the geometry of the straight line, the square, and the rectangle, combined with a strong asymmetricality; the predominant use of pure primary colours with black and white; and the relationship between positive and negative elements in an arrangement of non-‐objective forms. http://www.contemporisticon.com/neo-‐plasticism-‐de-‐stijl/ Neo-‐plasticism is a term adopted by the Dutch pioneer of abstract art, Piet Mondrian, for his own type of abstract painting which used only horizontal and vertical lines and primary colours. From the Dutch ‘de nieuwe beelding’, neo-‐plasticism basically means new art (painting and sculpture are plastic arts). It is also applied to the work of the De Stijl circle of artists, at least up to Mondrian’s secession from the group in 1924. In the first eleven issues of the journal De Stijl, Piet Mondrian published his long essay Neo-‐Plasticism in Pictorial Art in which among much else he wrote: As a pure representation of the human mind, art will express itself in an aesthetically purified, that is to say, abstract form. The new plastic idea cannot therefore, take the form of a natural or concrete representation – this new plastic idea will ignore the particulars of appearance, that is to say, natural form and colour. On the contrary it should find its expression in the abstraction of form and colour, that is to say, in the straight line and the clearly defined primary colour. Neo-‐plasticism was in fact an ideal art in which the basic elements of painting – colour, line form – were used only in their purest, most fundamental state: only primary colours and non-‐colours, only squares and rectangles, only straight and horizontal or vertical lines. Mondrian had a profound influence on subsequent art and is now seen as one of the greatest of all modern artists. http://www.tate.org.uk/art/art-‐terms/n/neo-‐plasticism Van Doesburg wanted to give De Stijl more variety, movement, and energy than found in Piet Mondrian's personal version of the movement. This small but crucial difference in his thinking led to Van Doesburg and Mondrian's split in 1924. http://www.theartstory.org/artist-‐van-‐doesburg-‐theo.htm Neo-‐Plasticism “Pure abstract art becomes completely emancipated, free of naturalistic appearances. —Piet Mondrian, 1929”. Mondrian called his style Neo-‐Plasticism or “The New Plastic Painting,” the title of his famous 1917 essay promoting abstraction for the expression of modern life. … Mondrian believed his abstraction could serve as a universal pictorial language representing the dynamic, evolutionary forces that govern nature and human experience. In fact, he believed that abstraction provides a truer picture of reality than illusionistic depictions of objects in the visible world…. Mondrian’s painting may also reflect his association with the Theosophical Society, an esoteric group that had a strong presence in Europe. Theosophists were interested in opposites as an expression of hidden unity. https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/art-‐1010/art-‐between-‐wars/intl-‐avant-‐garde/v/mondrian-‐composition


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Ex. 7b. do the quiz about Mondrian’s style and Avant-garde Neoplasticism. https://create.kahoot.it (individual work and then check online)

• Where and when was The Stijl or Avant-‐garde Neo-‐plasticism founded?

o In France1909 o In German 1910 o In Russia 1915 o In Netherlands 1917

• What does “Neo-‐plasticism “ mean?

o Art which has no figurative references. o Art which refers to human interior expression o Art which refers to exterior visual effects o Art which has only symbolic references

• Who are the most important artists who joined the Avant-‐garde De Stijl?

o K. Malevich , V. Tatlin, P.Mondrian o W. Gropius, V. Kandinskij, T. van Doesburg o T. van Doesburg, P. Mondrian, G.Rietveld o T. van Doesburg, Le Corbusier, P. Klee

• What theory inspired Mondrian’s neoplastic paintings?

o Neoplatonism o Relativism o Theosophy o Rationalism

• Which are the basic elements used by Mondrian in his neoplastic paintings?

oCurved lines, a wide range of colour values, and simple shapes oDiagonal and straight lines, simple shapes, squares and rectangle, primary colours oStraight black lines, simple shapes and primary colours oWavy and straight lines and complementary colours

• Give another term for “abstract art”, according to Mondrian and Theo van

Doesburg

o Lyric art o Pure art o Suprematist art o Constructivist art


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• Which kind of composition do neoplastic artists usually use for their paintings and architecture?

o Symmetrical composition and harmonic effect of colours o Asymmetrical composition, balance between colours and shapes and lines o Symmetrical composition with strong colour contrasts o Asymmetrical composition with contrast of colours and lines

• Which other avant-‐garde art adopted abstract language and geometrical

composition?

o Der Blaue Reiter o Fauvism o Cubism o Suprematism

• What is the purpose of Neoplasticism avant-‐garde?

oTo express interior emotions oTo express the dynamism of the modern life oTo express the unconscious dreams and nightmares of human life oTo express harmony in art and in society

• Why did Piet Mondrian and Theo van Doesburg split up ?

o Because Theo van Doesburg introduced diagonal lines and dynamism in his

compositions o Because Mondrian introduced curved lines in his paintings o Because Theo van Doesburg and Piet Mondrian didn’t have a good friendship o Because Theo van Doesburg was attracted by the Bauhaus movement


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Ex. 8 Now write a brief explanation about this painting by Mondrian, shown below (individual work and then in pairs)

……………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………


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Ex.9. First watch the video and read the subtitles, then do the exercise n.10

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fwYfuJfIgaw (Donald Duck -‐ Golden Mean)

Ex.10 Now try to recognise which part of this painting is organised with golden rectangle. First read the following text Focus on Goden Ratio and then draw the golden rectangle into the Mondrian painting. (work individually and then in pairs)


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Focus on Golden ratio The golden ratio, also known as the divine proportion, is a special number found by dividing a line into two parts so that the longer part divided by the smaller part is also equal to the whole length divided by the longer part. It is often symbolized using phi ( ) after the 21st letter of the Greek alphabet. Golden ratio appears many time in Art, Architecture and Design and in other areas. The golden rectangle made by using the Golden Ratio, looks like a typical frame for the painting or it is used as part of it. Mondrian’s paintings sometimes show the reccurring golden rectangle or golden section.

Look carefully and see how you can draw a rectangle with a golden ratio (see image below). 1 Construct a simple square (AEFD). 2 Draw a line from the midpoint of one side of the square (A’) to an opposite corner (point E). 3 Use the line (A’E) as the radius to draw an arc crossing at point C (extended from line DF) . 4 Draw a line parallel to the side FE, passing through the point B (extended from line AE). 5 You have drew a golden rectangle ABCD.

FC:DF = DF:DC

See these famous examples of artworks


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Ex.11 Look at the painting below; listen to the audio from the Moma of New York and fill in the gaps in the text (work individually and then in pairs) Audio Tours | Collection | 513 | Piet Mondrian. Broadway Boogie ...https://www.moma.org/m/tours/7/tour_stops/248?locale=en

CURATOR: Ann Temkin This painting is titled, Broadway Boogie Woogie. It was made by the Dutch-born artist, Piet Mondrian, in New York, in ………….(1) Here, the horizontal and vertical lines of the painting are actually composed of …………….. (2) and …………….. (3) of red, blue, yellow, and ……….(4) and gray And they're navigating you across the canvas much like streets would in a …………….(5) or much like dancers would across a dance floor. You have a feeling here too, of music. I think you have a feeling of the way that a …………. (6), which is obviously an inanimate thing, could possibly feel as if it were animated. This is strikingly different from the quite ascetic and …………..(7) earlier Mondrian. And it's quite a remarkable thing because Mondrian had come to New York during World War II as an exile from Europe, had to begin a whole new life as an older man, and adapted to New York City with such enthusiasm and such alacrity. The title of the painting, Broadway Boogie Woogie, is a nice collision of two delighted references to things that made Mondrian so enthusiastic about his new life in New York City. Broadway, a very busy, broad thoroughfare full of interesting stores, but also full of theaters representing the novelty and the ………………..(8) of the American musical tradition. And Boogie Woogie, the …………….(9) music that Mondrian discovered here and loved so much, that combination of references in the title is really a ………….(10) to New York city at that moment. (n.b., U.S., spelling) theaters/ theatres nice collision/ pleasant meeting gray/grey


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Ex.12.a Read the sentences related Mondrian’s life and put them in order. Then do the ex. n.12.b. (Work in pairs) Number The paintings made in New York, after the 1940, when the artist moved

from London to America, are really different from the quite ascetic and sober earlier Mondrian’s style. In his last masterpieces the artist omits the black lines and breaks the uniform bars of colour into multicoloured segments. American masterpieces show a pleasant meeting of his new life in New York City and his love for dance and jazz music. He died in New York in 1944. The last and incomplete painting, called Victory Boogie Woogie, was dedicated to the hope of victory in the Second World War.

After an early academic training, from 1910 to 1914, the painter experienced French pointillism and gradually pulled away from natural colours, such as expressed by Vincent Van Gogh and the Fauves painters.

In 1914 he returned in the Netherlands and decided to work on abstract art forms developing the neoplastic style. In 1917 Mondrian joined De Stijl or Neoplasticism Avant-garde in which he played an active role for several years. His intent was to pursue universal harmony through the balance of contrasts obtained from pure relationships between straight lines, geometrical planes, painted only with primary colours.

From 1912 to 1914 he lived in Paris and began, therefore, a phase of progressive simplification and analysis of figuration, influenced by the cubist depiction with fragmented objects, whose several sides were shown simultaneously. The series of Trees explain how Mondrian changed style from Expressionism to Cubism.

When the Second World War began, Piet Mondrian decided to move from Paris to London where he lived from 1938 to 1940, painting in his neoplastic style.

1 Born in 1872 in Amersfoort (Netherlands) Mondrian studied painting at the Amsterdam Academy from 1892 to 1894 and again, part-time, from 1896 to 1897. His first paintings, especially landscapes, were similar to the Hague School academic tradition.

After the First World War, Piet Mondrian decided to return to Paris where he lived from 1919 to 1938; upon his arrival, he began to work with Theo van Doesburg who was one of the most important artists of the De Stijl movement. After a disagreement with Theo van Doesburg about the use of diagonal lines in painting, Piet Mondrian decided to leave the group of the avant-garde Neoplasticism in 1924.


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Ex.12.b Look carefully at the images below and then put them in the correct place on the timeline. You can research these paintings on internet. (work in groups)

Ex.13a. Firstly, watch the video (https://vimeo.com/201635814) and then discuss Mondrian’s style with a partner. (work in pairs)

• Which avant-‐garde movements influenced Mondrian’s painting while the artist was in Paris? • How did Mondrian express his neoplastic style? • In which way did Mondrian’s style change when the artist arrived in New York? • Which style do you prefer among Mondrian’s paintings?

Ex.13b. Now write a brief explanation about how Mondrian’s style changed from the earlier

to the last paintings. (work individually and then in pairs)

Flowering apple tree, 1912.

Tableau I, 1921. Village Church,

1898.

Composition n.10 Ocean, 1915. Lozenge

composition, 1925.

Place de la Concorde, 1938/40.

New York City, 1942. Victory Boogie

Woogie, 1944.

Red Tree, 1908. Composition with yellow patch, 1930.

1872 1898 1908 1912 1915 1921 1925 1930 1938/40 1942 1944

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